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Lesson 1 - ICT-Hardware - Software.docx(1)

The document provides an overview of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), detailing its components such as hardware, software, networks, and data, and their roles in education. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of computers, categorizing hardware into input, processing, memory, output, and peripheral devices, while also explaining the types of software including application and system software. Additionally, it highlights the interdependent relationship between hardware and software in performing computing tasks.

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25 views4 pages

Lesson 1 - ICT-Hardware - Software.docx(1)

The document provides an overview of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), detailing its components such as hardware, software, networks, and data, and their roles in education. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of computers, categorizing hardware into input, processing, memory, output, and peripheral devices, while also explaining the types of software including application and system software. Additionally, it highlights the interdependent relationship between hardware and software in performing computing tasks.

Uploaded by

sabalberolacel
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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LESSON 1 : ICT, Computer Hardware and Computer Software

INFORMATION and COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT)


It encompasses all technologies that facilitate communication and the exchange of
information, including telecommunications, broadcasting, internet and mobile
technologies
Its emphasizing its critical role in today’s interconnected world. ICT is much more
than just tools and devices. It represents a fundamental framework that supports
communication, information sharing and services across various domains.
COMPONENTS OF ICT

●​ HARDWARE - Physical devices such as computers, smartphones, and servers that


facilitate the operation of ICT systems and services.
●​ Software - Applications and operating systems that provide the functionality and user
interface, enabling users to perform various tasks within ICT.
●​ Networks - the means of communication that connect hardware and software,
allowing data transfer and interaction between devices across local and global scales.
●​ Data - The information processed, stored, and transmitted in ICT systems, serving as
the foundation for decision making and informing users.

ICT in Education

Transforming learning through digital mediums


●​ E-learning platforms - Online systems and resources that facilitate remote learning,
offering access to courses and materials globally, often with an emphasis on
interactivity
●​ Digital Platforms - Incorporates technology into traditional learning environments,
enabling dynamic and adaptive teaching methods while fostering student
engagement.
●​ Impact on learning outcomes - research shows that effective integration of ICT in
education enhances engagement, retention, and performance across diverse student
populations.

Computer System Hardware


Introduction
A computer system is made up of both hardware and software. Hardware refers to the
physical components of a computer that can be touched and seen. These components
work together to perform various computing tasks.
●​ Software is another term for a computer program. Software controls the computer and
makes it do useful work. Without software a computer is useless.
●​ Hardware refers to the physical components that make up a computer system. These
include the computer's processor, memory, monitor, keyboard, mouse, disk drive,
printer, and so on.
Advantages of Computers

1.​ Speed – Computers can process large amounts of data in seconds.


2.​ Accuracy – They perform calculations and tasks with high precision.
3.​ Automation – Once programmed, computers can execute tasks automatically.
4.​ Storage – Large amounts of data can be stored and retrieved easily.
5.​ Connectivity – Computers enable global communication through the internet.
6.​ Multitasking – They can run multiple applications simultaneously.
7.​ Entertainment – Used for gaming, watching movies, and listening to music.
8.​ Research and Education – Computers provide access to vast educational
resources.

Disadvantages of Computers
1.​ Cybersecurity Risks – Susceptible to hacking, viruses, and data breaches.
2.​ Health Issues – Prolonged use can cause eye strain, back pain, and stress.
3.​ Unemployment – Automation can replace human jobs in some sectors.
4.​ High Costs – Advanced computers and software can be expensive.
5.​ Dependency – Over-reliance on computers can reduce critical thinking skills.
6.​ Privacy Concerns – Personal data can be misused or stolen.
7.​ Distraction – Social media and gaming can lead to decreased productivity.

Categories of Computer Hardware


1. Input Devices

●​ Used to enter data and instructions into the computer.


●​ Examples:
o​ Keyboard – Used for typing.
o​ Mouse – A pointing device to control the cursor.
o​ Scanner – Converts physical documents into digital format.
o​ Microphone – Captures audio input.

2. Processing Unit (Central Processing Unit - CPU)

●​ The brain of the computer that processes instructions.


●​ Consists of:
o​ Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) – Performs calculations and logical
operations.
o​ Control Unit (CU) – Directs operations within the computer.
o​ Registers – Temporary storage for quick data access.

3. Memory (Storage Units)

●​ Primary Memory (Volatile - Temporary Storage):


o​ RAM (Random Access Memory) – Stores data temporarily while in use.
o​ Cache Memory – Speeds up processing by storing frequently used data.
●​ Secondary Memory (Non-Volatile - Permanent Storage):

o​ Hard Disk Drive (HDD) / Solid-State Drive (SSD) – Used for long-term
data storage.
o​ USB Flash Drive & Memory Card – Portable storage devices.
o​ CD/DVD/Blu-ray Discs – Optical storage media.

4. Output Devices

●​ Display processed data and results to the user.


●​ Examples:

o​ Monitor (LCD/LED) – Displays images and videos.


o​ Printer (Inkjet/Laser) – Produces hard copies of documents.
o​ Speakers – Output sound.

5. Peripheral Devices

●​ External devices that enhance a computer’s capabilities.


●​ Examples:

o​ External Hard Drives – Additional storage.


o​ Webcams – Used for video communication.
Computer Software Basic

Software – a set of instructions or programs that tells a computer what to do or how to


perform a specific task (computer software runs on hardware).

2 Types of Software

1. Application Software
2. System Software

1. Application Software
A computer program that provides users with tools to accomplish a specific task.

Examples : word processing,spreadsheets, database management,Internet


browsers,email programs,media players,desktop publishing, etc.

2. System Software
​ it is designed to run a computer’s hardware and application software, and make the
computer system available for use. It serves as the interface between hardware,
application software, and the user.

Main types:
●​ Operating Systems (OS)
●​ Device Drive
●​ Utility Software

1.​ Operating System - A software that controls and coordinates the computer
hardware devices and runs other software and applications on a computer. It is the main
part of system software and a computer will not function without it.

Main functions of OS: booting the computer, managing system resources (CPU,
memory, storage devices, printer, etc.), managing files, handling input and output,
executing and providing services for application software, etc.

Examples: Microsoft Windows, Apple iOS, Android OS, macOS, Linux, etc.

2.Device Driver - A software program that is designed to control a particular hardware


device that is attached to a computer.

Main purpose of device driver : it acts as a translator between the hardware device and
operating systems or applications that use it.
It instructs computer on how to communicate with the device by translating the
operating system’s instructions into a language that a device can understand in order to
perform the necessary task.

Examples: printer driver, display driver, USB driver, sound card driver, motherboard
driver, ROM driver, etc.

3.Utility Software - a type of system software that helps set up, analyze, configure,
strengthen, maintain a computer and performs a very specific task.

Examples: antivirus software, backup software,memory tester,screen saver, etc.


The Relationship Between Hardware and Software
Hardware and software are two fundamental components of a computer system
that work together to perform various tasks. While hardware consists of the physical
components of a computer, software refers to the programs and operating systems that
run on the hardware.

The Relationship Between Hardware and Software are:


●​ Hardware and software both are interdependent on each other. Each of them should
work along to form computer produce a helpful output.
●​ The software can not be used if there is no support of any hardware device.
●​ When there is no proper instructions given, the hardware cannot be used and is
useless.
●​ To get a selected job done in computer, the relevant software package has to be
loaded into the hardware.
●​ Hardware needs software to function, while software requires hardware to run.
●​ Example: A keyboard (hardware) works with a word processing program
(software) to type documents.

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