UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT

ASSESSMENT 5: MAJOR TEST 3

Year Module

EOE 4801

OPTOELECTRONICS IV

Examiner: Dr. A.S Qotso Internal moderator: Prof. M. Sumbwanyambe

External moderator: Mr. M. Grobler Marks: 50
Weight of Assessment: 30% Date: 22 October 2024
Duration: 2 hours
INSTRUCTIONS TO ALL STUDENTS:

YOUR SCRIPT MUST BE SAVED WITH STUDENT NO, SUBJECT CODE. EXAMPLE
72111985QAS401I
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IF YOU HAVE THE OPINION THAT INSUFFICIENT INFORMATION IS SUPPLIED
FOR YOU TO ANSWER A PARTICULAR QUESTION, MAKE A REALISTIC
ASSUMPTION, MOTIVATE IT AND THEN ANSWER THE QUESTION.

The following constant could be of use in some of the questions.

Electron charge: 𝑒𝑒 = 1.6 × 10−19 𝐶𝐶
Boltzmann constant: 𝑘𝑘 = 1.38 × 10−23 𝐽𝐽/𝐾𝐾
Speed of light in vacuum: 𝑐𝑐 = 3 × 108 𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠
Temperature: 0 ℃ = 273 𝐾𝐾
Planck’s constant: ℎ = 6.626 × 10−34 𝐽𝐽𝐽𝐽

QUESTION 1

1.1 The measured output powers from ports 3 and 4 of a multimode fused
biconical taper (FBT) coupler are 50 µW and 52 µW respectively. If the
excess loss specified for this device is 0.7 dB, estimate the amount of optical
power launched into port 1 of the coupler. (4)

1.1.1 Evaluate the insertion loss between the input and output ports. (4)

1.1.2 Evaluate the split ration for the device. (2)

1.2 A step index fiber with a 200 µm core diameter is butt jointed. The joint
which is index matched, has a lateral offset of 10 µm but no longitudinal or
angular misalignment. Using two methods, estimate the insertion loss at the
joint assuming the uniform illumination of all guided modes. (10)

1.3 An 8x8 port multimode fiber reflective star coupler has –8 dBm of optical
power launched into a single port. The average measured optical power at
each output port is –22 dBm. Obtain the excess loss for the device and
hence the total loss experienced by an optical signal in transmission through
the coupler. Check the result. (8)
[28]
QUESTION 2

2.1 A germanium photodiode incorporated into an optical fiber receiver working

at a wavelength of 1.55 µm has a dark current of 500 nA at the operating
temperature. When the incident optical power at this wavelength is 10-6 W
and the responsitivity of the device is 0.6 A/W, shot noise dominates in the
receiver. Predict the SNR (in dB) at the receiver when the post detection
bandwidth is 100 MHz. (8)

2.2 An optical receiver incorporates a high impedance integrating front end

amplifier in parallel with a detector bias resistor of 15 Mohm. The effective
input resistance of the amplifier is 9 Mohm and the total capacitance of the
detector and amplifier is 8 pF (Assume T = 300 K).

2.2.1 Evaluate the bandwidth and rms thermal noise current for the high
impedance front end amplifier. (6)

2.2.2 If the high impedance front end amplifier is replaced with a transimpedance
front end amplifier, estimate the corresponding bandwidth and rms thermal
noise current. The transimpedance amplifier incorporates a 250 kohm
feedback resistor, has an open loop gain of 100 and a capacitance of 8 pF
(the detector bias resistor may be omitted). (6)

2.3 Develop the detection process in a pn diode. (2)

[22]

Total = 50
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
&&&
Some of useful formulars

𝑃𝑃𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝐹𝐹𝑛𝑛2 𝑃𝑃𝑒𝑒 1 1 1

𝑃𝑃𝑒𝑒 = 𝜂𝜂𝑒𝑒 ≅ × 100% = +
4𝑛𝑛𝑥𝑥2 𝑃𝑃 𝜏𝜏 𝜏𝜏𝑟𝑟 𝜏𝜏𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛

1 1 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 ℎ𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐

𝜂𝜂𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = 𝑟𝑟 = 𝜏𝜏 𝜂𝜂𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = = 𝑃𝑃𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = 𝜂𝜂𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 (𝑊𝑊)
1+( 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 ) 1+( 𝑟𝑟 ) 𝑟𝑟𝑡𝑡 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 +𝑟𝑟𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
𝑟𝑟𝑡𝑡 𝜏𝜏𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛

1 1 1 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑒𝑒/ℎ𝑓𝑓 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑒𝑒 𝜏𝜏
𝐽𝐽𝑡𝑡ℎ = �𝛼𝛼� + 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 � 𝜂𝜂𝐷𝐷 = ≅ 𝜂𝜂𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 =
𝛽𝛽 2𝑙𝑙 𝑟𝑟1 𝑟𝑟2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑/𝑒𝑒 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑(𝐸𝐸𝑔𝑔 ) 𝜏𝜏𝑟𝑟

𝑃𝑃0 ℎ𝑐𝑐
𝑃𝑃𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 (𝑓𝑓) = 𝜂𝜂 = 𝑅𝑅 × 𝑖𝑖𝑑𝑑 = �2𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝐼𝐼𝑝𝑝
�1+(2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋)2 𝜆𝜆

𝜆𝜆𝜆𝜆 𝑞𝑞𝑞𝑞 𝑐𝑐 𝜆𝜆2

𝐿𝐿 = 𝑓𝑓 = 𝛿𝛿𝛿𝛿 = 𝛿𝛿𝛿𝛿 =
2𝑛𝑛 2𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 2𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 2𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛

4𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝐸𝐸𝑔𝑔 𝑇𝑇
𝑖𝑖 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 = � 𝜂𝜂𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 = 𝜂𝜂 𝑇𝑇 ( ) × 100% 𝐽𝐽𝑡𝑡ℎ = 𝐶𝐶 exp ( )
𝑅𝑅𝐿𝐿 𝑉𝑉 𝑇𝑇0

𝐼𝐼𝑃𝑃 ℎ𝑐𝑐
𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 = 𝐸𝐸 = 𝐼𝐼𝑝𝑝 = �2𝑞𝑞𝐼𝐼𝑑𝑑 𝐵𝐵
𝜆𝜆
�𝐼𝐼𝑆𝑆2

ηeλ G 2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑒

R= B= 𝑉𝑉 = (𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁) ɳ=
hc 2πRf C 𝜆𝜆 𝑟𝑟𝑝𝑝

𝑐𝑐 𝐸𝐸𝑇𝑇
𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁 = 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝜃𝜃𝑎𝑎 = �𝑛𝑛12 − 𝑛𝑛22 𝑛𝑛1 = 𝑁𝑁𝑝𝑝 =
𝑣𝑣 𝐸𝐸𝑃𝑃

𝐼𝐼𝑃𝑃 ℎ𝑐𝑐�2𝑒𝑒𝐼𝐼𝑑𝑑
𝑅𝑅 = 𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁 =
𝑃𝑃0 ɳ𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒