Complete Test 3 - Answer Key

Objective Questions (1 mark each)

1. (a) F1 > F2
Explanation: At perigee (closest point), the satellite is closer to Earth, so gravitational
force is stronger according to Newton’s law of gravitation (F ∝ 1/r2 ).

2. (b) Particle B
Explanation: Zero acceleration means constant velocity, which appears as a straight
line on a displacement-time graph.

3. (c) 43.3 N
Calculation: Horizontal component of force = 50 cos 30◦ = 43.3 N. Friction = µk ×
mg = 0.3 × 10 × 9.8 = 29.4 N. Net force = 43.3 − 29.4 = 13.9 N (Note: There seems to
be an inconsistency in the options. The correct calculation gives 13.9 N, but among
the options, 43.3 N is the horizontal component before subtracting friction.)

4. (b) 20
fo 100
Calculation: Magnification = fe
= 5
= 20.

5. (d) They can form real images

Explanation: Convex mirrors always form virtual, diminished images regardless of
object position.

6. (c) Rayleigh scattering

Explanation: Shorter wavelengths (blue) are scattered more than longer wavelengths
by atmospheric molecules.

7. (a) 2
Explanation: Minimum resistance occurs when all five 10 resistors are in parallel:
Rtotal = 10
5
= 2Ω.

8. (c) 9 times
Explanation: Power P = V 2 /R. If voltage triples, power becomes 32 = 9 times.

9. (c) 11A
1 1 1 1 11 12
Calculation: Rtotal
= 2
+ 4
+ 6
= 12
. Rtotal = 11
Ω. Current I = V /R = 12/(12/11) =
11A.

10. (c) Field outside is zero core decreases field strength

Explanation: The field outside an ideal solenoid is not exactly zero (though very weak),
and the core increases field strength.

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11. (d) None
Explanation: In 2HgO → 2Hg + O2 , mercury is reduced (gains electrons), but oxygen
is neither oxidized nor reduced (it’s already in elemental form).

12. (a) 9:8

Calculation: 2Al2 O3 → 4Al + 3O2 . Mass ratio = (4 × 27) : (3 × 32) = 108 : 96 = 9 : 8.

13. (c) Argon

Explanation: Argon is commonly used in welding as it’s more economical than helium
while providing good inert atmosphere.

14. (d) Neither a nor b

Explanation: Soap micelles have hydrophobic (non-polar) interior and hydrophilic
(polar) exterior.

15. (b) Partial dissociation

Explanation: Acetic acid is weak because it only partially dissociates in water.

16. (b) sp2 hybridization

Explanation: In graphite, each carbon is sp2 hybridized forming trigonal planar bonds
with three other carbons.

17. (a) Diamond

Explanation: Diamond is a covalent network solid where each carbon is tetrahedrally
bonded to four others.

18. (b) Ag2 S

Explanation: Silver tarnish is primarily silver sulfide formed by reaction with sulfur
compounds in air.

19. (a) NaOH

Explanation: pH=4 is acidic and requires a base like NaOH for neutralization.

20. Matching:
(a)-(iv), (b)-(i), (c)-(iii), (d)-(ii)
Explanation: Bleaching powder for bleaching, baking soda as antacid, chlorine for
water treatment, hydrogen peroxide for sterilization.

21. Prime factors: (a) 2, (b) 3, (d) 5

Calculation: 2310 = 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × 11. 4 is not a prime factor.

22. (b) 3
Calculation: t9 − t5 = 4d = 12 so d = 3.

23. (a) 10
Calculation: x3 + y 3 = (x + y)3 − 3xy(x + y) ⇒ 133 = 343 − 21xy ⇒ xy = 10.

24. (b) 4:9

Explanation: Volume ratio 8 : 27 = (2 : 3)3 , so linear ratio is 2 : 3, making surface
area ratio (2 : 3)2 = 4 : 9.

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25. (a) 3/4
Solution: Divide by 5: 35 sin θ + 54 cos θ = 1. Let cos ϕ = 53 , sin ϕ = 45 . Then sin(θ +ϕ) =
1, so θ = 90◦ − ϕ. Thus tan θ = cot ϕ = 3/4.

26. (a) 13cm p

Calculation: Side = (5)2 + (12)2 = 13 cm (half-diagonals are 5cm and 12cm).

27. (b) 1
Calculation: 7 ≡ 2 mod 5, 74 ≡ 24 ≡ 1 mod 5. Thus 7100 = (74 )25 ≡ 125 ≡ 1 mod 5.

28. (b) 1/221

4 3 1
Calculation: 52
× 51
= 221
.

29. (b) -5
Calculation: If x = 1: 2 + a + b − 3 = 0 ⇒ a + b = 1. If x = −3/2: −27/4 + 9a/4 −
3b/2 − 3 = 0. Solving gives a = −3, b = 4, so a + b = 1. (Note: There seems to be
inconsistency with options.)

30. (c) 8
Explanation: Median is 2x − 3 = 14 ⇒ x = 8.5 or 2x + 1 = 14 ⇒ x = 6.5. Neither
matches exactly, suggesting possible error in question.

31. (b) 10
Solution: Let numbers be x and y: x + y = 40, xy = 375. Then (x − y)2 = (x + y)2 −
4xy = 100, so x − y = 10.

32. (a) 3.451.260.0025

Calculation: All options represent 0.0034512.60.025 with decimal shifts.

33. (b) 1776

Explanation: M=1000, D=500, C=100, L=50, X=10, V=5, I=1. Sum: 1000+500+100+100+50+10+

34. (a) 25
Calculation: Divisible by 6: 102 to 198 (17 numbers). Divisible by 8: 104 to 200
(13 numbers). Divisible by both (24): 120, 144, 168, 192 (4 numbers). Total =
17 + 13 − 4 × 2 = 22. (Note: Doesn’t match options, suggesting possible error.)

35. (d) 8
Calculation: 34n = (34 )n = 81n . Last digit of 81 is 1, so 34n ends with 1, making
34n + 7 end with 8.

36. (a) 50
Calculation: Sum of all five = 300. Sum first three = 165, last three = 195. Third
number = 165 + 195 − 300 = 60. (Note: Doesn’t match options, suggesting possible
error.)

37. (d) 5
30+d+10d+5+41
Solution: Let digit be d: 3
= 40 ⇒ 11d = 44 ⇒ d = 4. (Note: Doesn’t
match calculation.)

38. (c) 50000

Calculation: 0.02% = 0.0002. To find 10 defectives: 10/0.0002 = 50000.

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39. (c) 60
Calculation: 1.2x = 72 ⇒ x = 60.

40. (d) 60%

Calculation: Let SP = x, then 0.25x = profit, 0.15x = expenses, so cost = 0.6x = 200.
Thus x = 333.33, markup = (333.33 − 200)/200 = 66.67%. (Closest to 60%).

41. (a) 20%

Calculation: CP of 20 = SP of 25 ⇒ CP/SP = 25/20 = 1.25. Loss = (1.25−1)/1.25 =
20%.

42. (c) $40 profit

Calculation: First item sold at 400 × 0.9 = 360, second at 400 × 1.2 = 480. Total
360 + 480 = 840 vs cost 800. Profit = $40.

43. (b) $10000

Calculation: CI-SI for 2 years = P (r/100)2 . 100 = P (0.1)2 ⇒ P = 10000.

44. (b) 18
Explanation: Triples in 6 years ⇒ 27 times (33 ) in 3 × 6 = 18 years.

45. (c) $4000

Calculation: A’s investment for 12 months = 5000 × 12. B’s for 6 months = x × 6.
Ratio 60000
6x
= 32 ⇒ x = 4000.

46. (c) 400

Calculation: Let original men = x. Total provisions = 50x. After 10 days: 40x left.
Now x + 200 men for 20 days: 20(x + 200) = 40x ⇒ x = 400.

47. (b) 20
Calculation: 15 × 12 = x × 9 ⇒ x = 20.

48. (c) 16
20×15 25×d
Calculation: 150
= 200
⇒ d = 16.

49. (c) 60 km
d d
Calculation: Upstream speed = 12 km/h, downstream = 18 km/h. 12
=2× 18
holds
for any d. (Question seems inconsistent.)

Subjective Questions (2 marks each)

1. Focal length of convex lens
Solution: For magnification m = ±2, two cases:

• Real image (m = −2): v = −2u, |v| + |u| = 90 ⇒ 3u = 90 ⇒ u = 30 cm, v = 60

cm. f1 = 60
1 1
+ 30 ⇒ f = 20 cm.
• Virtual image (m = +2): v = −2u, |v| − |u| = 90 ⇒ u = 90 cm, v = −180 cm.
1 1 1
f
= −180 + 90 ⇒ f = 180 cm.

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 2. Diamond sparkle explanation
Explanation: Diamond has a very high refractive index (2.42) and small critical angle
(24.4°). When light enters, it undergoes total internal reflection multiple times before
exiting, creating sparkle. The precise cutting of facets enhances this effect.

3. Parallel resistance formula derivation

Derivation: For parallel resistors, voltage V is same across all. Currents add:
V V V
I = I1 + I2 + I3 = + +
R1 R2 R3
 
V 1 1 1
=V + +
Req R1 R2 R3
1 1 1 1
= + +
Req R1 R2 R3

4. Galvanometer conversion
Solution:
Ig G
• Ammeter: Shunt resistance S = I−Ig
= 5mA×50Ω
5A−5mA
≈ 0.05Ω
• Voltmeter: Series resistance R = V
Ig
−G= 10V
5mA
− 50Ω = 1950Ω

5. Redox reaction balancing

Balanced equation:

Cr2 O72− + 6F e2+ + 14H + → 2Cr3+ + 6F e3+ + 7H2 O

6. Noble gases inertness

Explanation: Noble gases have complete octet (except He which has duplet) making
them extremely stable. Applications:

• Argon in light bulbs to prevent filament oxidation

• Helium in diving tanks to prevent nitrogen narcosis

7. Soap cleansing action

Explanation: Soap molecules have hydrophilic (polar) head and hydrophobic (non-
polar) tail. They form micelles in water with tails inward trapping grease/oil, and
heads outward interacting with water, allowing the grease to be washed away.

8. Ethanol with conc. H2 SO4

conc. H2 SO4 ,170◦ C
Reaction: CH3 CH2 OH −−−−−−−−−−−→ CH2 = CH2 + H2 O
Type: Dehydration (elimination) reaction.

9. Prime factorization of 5460

Solution: 5460 = 22 × 3 × 5 × 7 × 13
Sum of prime factors: 2 + 2 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 13 = 32

10. AP sum calculation

Solution: t5 = a + 4d = 19, t9 = a + 8d = 35. Solving: d = 4, a = 3.
S20 = 20
2
[2 × 3 + 19 × 4] = 820

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11. Linear equations solution
Solution:
x + y + z = 7 (1)
2x − y + 3z = 16 (2)
x + 2y − z = 1 (3)
(1)+(3): 2x + 3y = 8
(2)+3×(3): 5x + 5y = 19
Solving: x = 3.4, y = 0.4, z = 3.2

12. Cone surface areas √

Calculation: Slant height l = 62 + 82 = 10 cm
CSA = πrl = π × 6 × 10 = 60π cm2
TSA = CSA + base area = 60π + π × 62 = 96π cm2

13. Trigonometric identity proof

Proof:
cos θ 1 + sin θ cos θ(1 + sin θ) 1 + sin θ
× = 2 = = sec θ + tan θ
1 − sin θ 1 + sin θ 1 − sin θ cos θ

14. Rhombus perimeter and√area √

Calculation: Side√length = 72 + 52 = 74 cm
Perimeter = 4 × 74 cm
Area = 12 × 14 × 10 = 70 cm2

15. Remainder of 8100 mod 7

Solution: 8 ≡ 1 mod 7, so 8100 ≡ 1100 ≡ 1 mod 7

16. Probability calculations

Solution:

• P(all red) = C(6,3)

C(15,3)
= 20
455
= 4
91

• P(at least one green) = 1 - P(none green) = 1 − C(11,3)

C(15,3)
=1− 165
455
= 290
455
= 58
91

17. Equal roots condition

Solution: For equal roots, discriminant D = 0:

[2(k − 2)]2 − 4 × (k − 2) × 2 = 0

4(k − 2)(k − 2 − 2) = 0 ⇒ k = 2 or 4
But k = 2 makes equation linear, so k = 4

18. New mean calculation

18
Calculation: Total change = 79 − 97 = −18. New mean = 75 − 30
= 74.4

19. Principal from CI-SI difference

Calculation: CI-SI = P (r/100)2 . 25 = P (0.05)2 ⇒ P = 10000

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20. Original numbers
Solution: Let numbers be 7x and 8x:
7x − 6 5
= ⇒ 42x − 36 = 40x − 30 ⇒ x = 3
8x − 6 6
Numbers are 21 and 24

21. Work completion days

1 1 1 1 7 5
Solution: A’s rate = 15 , B’s = 20 . In 5 days: 5( 15 + 20
) = 12
done. Remaining 12
by
5/12
A: 1/15 = 6.25 days. Total = 5 + 6.25 = 11.25 days

22. Train meeting time

Solution: By 9AM, A has traveled 60 km. Distance left = 340 km. Relative speed =
130 km/h. Time = 340
130
≈ 2.615 hrs = 2 hrs 37 mins. Meeting time 11:37 AM

23. Ratio a : b : c : d
Solution: a : b = 5 : 6, b : c = 3 : 4 = 6 : 8, c : d = 2 : 3 = 8 : 12. Thus
a : b : c : d = 5 : 6 : 8 : 12

24. Share division

Solution: Let Y’s share = y, then X’s = 32 y, Z’s = 12 ( 23 y +y) = 56 y. Total: 23 y +y + 56 y =
15
6
y = 18000 ⇒ y = 7200. Thus X = 4800, Y = 7200, Z = 6000

25. Percentage calculation

x
Solution: 1.5 × 280 + 100 × 360 = 600 ⇒ 420 + 3.6x = 600 ⇒ x = 50

26. Sum of 3-digit numbers

997−101
Solution: Numbers are 101, 108, ..., 997 (AP with a = 101, d = 7, n = 7
+1 =
129). Sum = 129
2
(101 + 997) = 70821

27. Sum of numbers divisible by 6

294−102 33
Solution: Numbers 102, 108, ..., 294. n = 6
+1 = 33. Sum = 2
(102+294) = 6534

28. Two-digit number

Solution: Let number be 10a + b. a + b = 11 and 10a + b = 10b + a + 27. Solving:
a = 7, b = 4. Number is 74

29. Train length and speed

Solution: Let length = L, speed = v. L = 12v. For platform: L + 180 = 30v. Thus
12v + 180 = 30v ⇒ v = 10 m/s, L = 120 m

30. Hemisphere surface area

Solution: Volume 23 πr3 = 1152 ⇒ r = 12 cm. CSA = 2πr2 = 288π cm2

31. Numbers with ratio change

5x+8 7
Solution: Let numbers be 5x and 7x. 7x+8
= 9
⇒ 45x + 72 = 49x + 56 ⇒ x = 4.
Numbers are 20 and 28

32. Path area

Solution: New dimensions = 64m × 44m. Path area = 64 × 44 − 60 × 40 = 416 m2

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33. Excluded number
Solution: Original total = 20 × 45 = 900. New total = 19 × 43 = 817. Excluded
number = 900 − 817 = 83

34. Ball probability

Solution:

• P(both white) = C(7,2)

C(13,2)
= 21
78
= 7
26

• P(one white, one black) = 7×6

78
= 42
78
= 7
13

35. Right triangle sides

Solution: Let sides be x and x + 7. Then x2 + (x + 7)2 = 252 . Solving: x = 12 cm,
other side = 19 cm

36. Sum of odd numbers

Solution: Sum of first n odd numbers = n2 = 400 ⇒ n = 20

37. Compound interest time

Solution: 8 = (1 + r)12 , 64 = (1 + r)x = 82 ⇒ x = 2 × 12 = 24 years

38. Alternate work days

1 1 3 18
Solution: In 2 days: 12 + 15 = 20 work done. After 12 days (6 cycles): 20 = 0.9
1
done. On 13th day, A does 12 , reaching 0.9 + 0.083 = 0.983. Remaining 0.017 by B in
0.017
1/15
≈ 0.25 days. Total 13.25 days

39. Boat speed

Solution: Let boat speed = b, current = c. b − c = d5 , b + c = d3 , b − c = 6. Solving:
b = 24 km/h, c = 6 km/h

40. Incomes and expenditures

Solution: Let incomes be 7x and 5x, expenditures 3y and 2y. Then 7x − 3y = 1500
and 5x − 2y = 1500. Solving: x = 3000, y = 6000. Incomes: $21000 and $15000

41. Equation solution

Solution: 0.35 × 440 + 0.07 × 550 = 154 + 38.5 = 192.5. (Note: Doesn’t equal 400,
suggesting possible error in question.)

42. Least number with remainders

Solution: LCM of 6,15,18 = 90. Number = 90 + 5 = 95

43. Quadrilateral angles

Solution: Let angles be x, 2x, 3x, 4x. Sum 10x = 360◦ ⇒ x = 36◦ . Angles: 36◦ , 72◦ , 108◦ , 144◦

44. Circle angle proof

Proof: Consider arc AB subtending angle AOB at center and angle ACB on circumfer-
ence. Draw CO and extend to D. ∠AOD = 2∠ACO and ∠BOD = 2∠BCO (exterior
angle theorem). Thus ∠AOB = 2∠ACB