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GEOGRAPHY

The document defines industry as a category of enterprises involved in producing or selling goods and services, detailing four main types: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary industries. It also outlines various factors influencing the location of industries, including economic, environmental, political, social, technological, and global factors. Each factor plays a crucial role in determining where industries are established and how they operate.

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4 views3 pages

GEOGRAPHY

The document defines industry as a category of enterprises involved in producing or selling goods and services, detailing four main types: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary industries. It also outlines various factors influencing the location of industries, including economic, environmental, political, social, technological, and global factors. Each factor plays a crucial role in determining where industries are established and how they operate.

Uploaded by

chizaram.uju-barth
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DEFINITION Industry is a category of active enterprises and

organizations which produce or sell products, services, or sources of


revenue Industry refers to economic activities, which are connected with
conversion of resources into useful goods. The production or processing
of goods and materials as well as breeding and raising of animals.

TYPES
Primary Industry:​
This industry is focused on the extraction and harvesting of natural
resources directly from the Earth. Activities include agriculture , fishing,
forestry (gathering timber and forest products), and mining. These
resources form the foundation for other industries by providing raw
materials essential for production and consumption.
Secondary Industry:​
Involves transforming raw materials obtained from the primary industry
into finished goods or semi-finished products. It includes manufacturing
industries (e.g., producing cars, electronics, and clothing), construction,
and industrial processing (e.g., refining oil or processing food). This
sector adds value to raw materials and plays a critical role in industrial
development.
Tertiary Industry:​
Also known as the service industry,focuses on providing services to
individuals, businesses, and communities. It includes a wide range of
activities, such as retail, healthcare, education, transportation and
tourism (offering travel and leisure experiences). The tertiary industry is
crucial for supporting economic growth and meeting societal needs.
Quaternary Industry:​
The quaternary industry emphasizes knowledge-based services and
intellectual activities. This includes research and development (scientific
and technological advancements), information technology (software
development and data management), and consultancy. It plays a key
role in innovation, problem-solving, and improving efficiency across other
sectors, making it a driving force in modern economies.

Factors Influencing Location of Industry


1.​ Economic Factors
○​ Proximity to Markets: Closer to customers to reduce
transportation costs.
○​ Raw Materials: Located near sources to minimize transport
expenses.
○​ Transport Infrastructure: Access to roads, rail, ports, and air
travel.
○​ Labor Availability & Cost: Access to skilled/unskilled labor at
competitive wages.
○​ Access to Capital: Availability of funding and investment
opportunities.
○​ Economies of Scale: Benefits from clustering with suppliers
and industry peers.
2.​ Environmental Factors
○​ Climate and Geography: Suitability for specific industries
(e.g., agriculture).
○​ Regulations: Compliance with environmental laws affecting
site selection.
3.​ Political Factors
○​ Government Policies: Tax incentives and regulatory
environment.
○​ Stability: Political stability and effective governance encourage
investment.
4.​ Social Factors
○​ Quality of Life: Education, healthcare, and amenities for
attracting labor.
○​ Community Attitudes: Local acceptance of industrial projects.
○​ Cultural Compatibility: Alignment with local culture
andpractices.
5.​ Technological Factors
○​ Access to Technology: Proximity to innovation hubs and
research centers.
○​ Infrastructure: Availability of communication and technological
resources.
6.​ Global Factors
○​ Global Supply Chains: Decisions influenced by international
trade efficiencies.
○​ Trade Agreements: Impact on cost and market access.

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