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Chromatography 2

Chromatography is a fundamental separation technique used to analyze, identify, purify, and quantify components of mixtures based on their interactions with stationary and mobile phases. It includes various methods such as paper, thin-layer, column, gas, and liquid chromatography, utilizing mechanisms like adsorption, partition, ion-exchange, and size-exclusion for effective separation. This technique is crucial in fields like pharmaceuticals, food safety, forensic science, and environmental monitoring.

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Bosco jr Canao
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6 views

Chromatography 2

Chromatography is a fundamental separation technique used to analyze, identify, purify, and quantify components of mixtures based on their interactions with stationary and mobile phases. It includes various methods such as paper, thin-layer, column, gas, and liquid chromatography, utilizing mechanisms like adsorption, partition, ion-exchange, and size-exclusion for effective separation. This technique is crucial in fields like pharmaceuticals, food safety, forensic science, and environmental monitoring.

Uploaded by

Bosco jr Canao
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PRINCIPLES OF

CHROMATOGRAPHY
A FUNDAMENTAL SEPARATION
TECHNIQUE
WHAT IS CHROMATOGRAPHY?
A technique used to
separate components
of a mixture based on
their distribution
between a stationary
and mobile phase.
It is used in chemistry,
biology, and forensic
science for analyzing
substances.
COMPONENTS

MOBILE PHASE STATIONARY PHASE

A liquid or gas that carries


the sample. A solid or liquid fixed in
place.
Seperation Mechanism

Components interact
differently with the phases,
leading to differential
movement.
Types of Chromatography
Paper Chromatography: Uses paper as the
stationary phase.
Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC): Uses
a thin layer of adsorbent material.
Column Chromatography: Uses a packed
column with stationary phase.
Gas Chromatography (GC): Uses a
gaseous mobile phase.
Liquid Chromatography (LC): Uses a liquid
mobile phase.
Mechanisms of Separation
Adsorption Chromatography: Components
adhere to a solid surface.
Partition Chromatography: Components
distribute between two liquid phases.
Ion-Exchange Chromatography: Uses charge
interactions for separation.
Size-Exclusion Chromatography: Separates
based on molecular size.
Retention Time (tR): Time
taken for a compound to
travel through the system.

CHROMATOGRAPHIC Rf Value (Retention


PARAMETERS Factor): Distance traveled
by the substance divided by
the distance traveled by the
mobile phase.
APPLICATION
CHROMATOGRAPHY IS USED BY SCIENTISTS
TO:

ANALYZE- EXAMINE A MIXTURE, ITS


COMPONENTS, AND THEIR RELATIONS TO
ONE ANOTHER.

IDENTIFY - DETERMINE THE IDENTITY OF A


MIXTURE OR COMPONENTS BASED ON
KNOWN COMPONENTS.
PURIFY - SEPARATE COMPONENTS IN ORDER
TO ISOLATE ONE OF INTEREST FOR FURTHER
STUDY.

QUANTIFY - DETERMINE THE AMOUNT OF THE


MIXTURE AND/OR THE COMPONENTS
PRESENT IN THE SAMPLE.
Pharmaceutical
Industry: Drug purity
testing.
Food Industry:
Detection of additives
and contaminants.
Forensic Science:
Drug and toxin
identification.
Environmental
Analysis: Detection of
pollutants.
Advantages: High
precision, applicable to
many substances,
automation possible.

Limitations: Requires
expertise, expensive
equipment for
advanced types.
A RECAP

CHROMATOGRAPHY IS A
CHROMATOGRAPHY IS AN ESSENTIAL SEPARATION POWERFUL AND
TECHNIQUE BASED ON THE DIFFERENTIAL INTERACTION INDISPENSABLE ANALYTICAL
OF COMPONENTS WITH STATIONARY AND MOBILE TECHNIQUE THAT ENABLES
PHASES. PRECISE SEPARATION AND
IT INCLUDES VARIOUS METHODS SUCH AS PAPER, THIN- IDENTIFICATION OF CHEMICAL
LAYER, COLUMN, GAS, AND LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY. SUBSTANCES.
AS ADVANCEMENTS IN
DIFFERENT MECHANISMS, INCLUDING ADSORPTION,
TECHNOLOGY CONTINUE,
PARTITION, ION-EXCHANGE, AND SIZE-EXCLUSION,
CHROMATOGRAPHIC
ALLOW FOR EFFECTIVE SEPARATION BASED ON PHYSICAL TECHNIQUES WILL BECOME
AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES. EVEN MORE EFFICIENT,
CHROMATOGRAPHY PLAYS A CRUCIAL ROLE IN EXPANDING THEIR
PHARMACEUTICALS, FOOD SAFETY, FORENSIC SCIENCE, APPLICATIONS IN SCIENTIFIC
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY. AND INDUSTRIAL FIELDS.

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