SICS STD XU ey gern S| | pees Couce ircular motion, (1) In uniform circular m are lengit (8) (a) Angular displacement (9) = Radius (7), 8 = oD (b) Angular speed (0) == OF © "dt __, o do (c) Angular acceleration (0) = =" OF % ~ “dt o (a) For one complete revolution @ = 2 and t= T 2. ona nn (e) Frequency = peqog ie: or re (2) Linear velocity = Radius x Angular velocity i.e. ¥= 70, (3) The magnitude of the centripetal acceleration, a, = —~ = ro? mv (4) The magnitude of centripetal force (C.P.F), F=——= mre mv (5) The magnitude of centrifugal force (C.F.F), F = ~~ mr? (6) Maximum and minimum speed: (a) Maximum speed of the vehicle on plane horizontal road, = u,rg , where, = coefficient of static friction. Umax (b) For Well of death, minimum speed of vehicle, Upin = (c) For Banked road, (i) Most safe speed (v,) = J rgtan® P (ii) Banking angle (8) = tan! ( (7) Conical pendulum: (a) Period of conical pendulum of length (L) at semi vertical angle(@) is : Lcos@ r . s T=20 ge ot T=2n\|Gtand (r= Lsin®) x : — {b) Frequency of conical pendulum, n=5-\ —s, or n= 3 gtane wi a {e) 1r0 is small cos®~ 1. «. Period(T) = 2x" Vehicle at the top of a convex over bridge, Ves top = V 79 —remo rT Cte 5 ae ey Uniform 4. 2-n) es symmetric Central I-F re =7)) spherical shell ee Perpendicular to ML? Tb/2 Thin uniform rod | length and passing Te 08 Es | : throughcentre | 0} | Thin uniform rod | Perpendicular to ML? L or length and about ea Rectangular plate one end = Uniform plate or Ma? +) > ; Rectangular Central a Fit} parallelopiped L Vv Uniform solid 3 A : right circular Central 1= SgMR A zr | cone — . Uniform hollow 1 /\ right circular Central [= SMR? LAr cone i 2 ae (1) Pressure: Force oS {a) Pressure (P) = pea (b) Pressure due to liquid column, P= hog (c) Gauge pressure = P~Po= hog (2) Surface tension: a (a) Surface tension (1)=7- __(b) Surface tension (1) = (e) For equilibrium of the drop, cos® = 7 1 (3) Excess pressure: a7 {a) Excess pressure inside a drop (P.-P) = a (b) Excess pressure inside a soap bubble (P;~ P,) = —— (4) Capillary rise: 2Tcosé (a) Expression for capillary rise or fall for a liquid, h= a : rhpg : i 1 (b) Surface tension T = Deosd (ce) Height < Tadius ** ha (5) Reynold’s number and critical velocity of fluid : upd Rn {a) Reynold’s number (R,,) = e (b) Critical velocity (v,) = aod (6) Co-efficient of viscosity (n): 11 = 12)5 (9) In vertical circular motion, total energy 1s constant and is T.E. = zm z mr? or I = frP-dm i=l (10) Moment of Inertia of a system of” particles. I= 1 (11) Kinetic Energy: : : a (a) K.E. of rigid body rotating about a given axis, (KE Jey = 31? 1 1 (b) K.E. of rolling body = (K.E.)py + (K-E-Jen = ym + gw (12) Radius of Gyration: I= MK? where, K = Radius of gyration. (13) Theorems: (a) Parallel axes theorem, Ip =I¢ + Mie (b) Perpendicular axes theorem, 1,= + ly (14) Angular momentum (L): (a) L =7xp or b=rpsind —(b) L=10 (15) Torque (1) = M.I. x Angular acceleration i.e.t = Jo (16) Body rolling down along an inclined plane: 2gh : : {a) Linear speed, v= oy where h- vertical distance (height) Linear dis =" (¢) Linear acceleration (a) = 222 (b) Linear distance, s= Jy (e) Linear acceleration (a o 1 +e (17) Expression for moment of inertia for some objects: Pye eee bat mJ Central I= MR? Diameter a 2 ‘Annular ring or Thick walled Central a hollow cylinder 2 Uniform disc or 7 Solid cylinder oe I= MR? em Unifor i i : rm disc Diameter = MR @ Thin walled hollow sphere Central I= mre OD Solid sphi 2 sphere Central = Se Q | (3)(7) Stoke’s law: Fy = 6xnrv Pg(p-9) (8) Terminal velocity: v = 5 3) dv (9) Flux and continuity : dv dm og (b) Volume flux = 3 (a) Mass flux = pap =—Gr (ce) Equation of continuity, A,v, =A,¥, or Av = constant, (10) Work done, Bernoulli’s equation and Efflux: (a) Work done due to force other than conservative force of gravity, W = AK.E. + AP.E. (b) Bernoulli equation: () Py-Pa= HP? v1) + PAR.) 1 (ii) ptzev+pgh = constant (c) Speed of efflux, (v) = y2gh (d) Rate of flow of liquid passing through a cross section, 2gh=v,?—v, stas ton ad (1) Gas Laws : ; {a) Boyle's law: Px v ie. PV = constant (at constant temperature) (b) Charle’s law: V =~ T ie. TH constant (at constant pressure) (ec) Gay-Lussac’s law: P= T ie. a= constant (at constant volume) (d) Ideal gas equation: PV = nRT (2) Mean free path and r.m.s. velocity: § AB+BC+CD+.. 7 (a) Mean free path (1) = N oo C,+C, + Cyt. + Cy D B (b) Mean velocity (C) = a A ow, — ©C,+C, = +...4+Cy {c) Mean square velocity (C)= ite To a (d) r.m.s. velocity (C) = =e (C7) aft Sate (3) Pressure exerted by gas: i (c) Poa 1 (a) P= 32 wm P-> a (4) on ahealiy su pene al oo: t 3P {a) r.m.s. velocity, (C) = {c) Speed of sound in a gas, (uv) =(5) Kinetic Energy: 3 (a) K.E. per unit volume = ak ; 3 as= > (b) K.E. ofone mole oF one 2 lomole of £88 =] oa ISS = Pe ee tees ss tet mess" 2M (6) Mayer’s relation: f C= a) Sp- Sv" MJ (a)C,-Cy=R_—(B) Cp Cre (7) (a) For monoatomic gases, Y = Gy al Cee (b) For diatomic gases, tatcy = 7 Cr 4 ara (ec) For polyatomic gases, , Y ~ G, (8) Co-efficients of absorption, reflection and transmission: (a) Coefficient of : Q r ran a Absorption (a) = a Reflection (r) = a ; Transmission (1) =~ oe sw atretal (b) Q, + Q, + Q= (9) Emissive power and Kirchhoff’s ro. (a) Emissive power (R)= qq °F Rewg R E (b) Coefficient of emission, (¢) = R~ OF ert (c) Kirchhoff law of radiation, ety (10) Wien’s displacement Jaw? Ainax = bx Fr Of Nee p. (11) Stefan-Boltzmann Law: a =eoT* (a) R=oT* or f-or (b) SS R=eoT* ora; (1) Quantity of heat and work done: {a) First law of thermodynamics Q = AU + W (b) Work done (W) = pdv (2) Ideal gas equation: PV = nRT (3) The first law of thermodynamics, when applied to an isothermal V, ; process, Q = W= neti} = nRT log 2) 7 ee Qel (4) Thermal effleiency (7) ofthe heat engige:1)=——= 1 1121-7 (5) Performance of a Refrigerator: Ql Qn io | i Cc (a) Co-efficient of ea (K) = = (K) Wee (b)K= 1Qe1 = 1Qu! (6) For air conditioner: K = a2) (1) In linear S.H.M., F = ~kx, where k= force constant. (2) The period of linear S.H.M. and frequency of S.H.M.: m % ) Frequency (n) = (3) Simple Harmenle Motion (S. H. M.): : Qn (a) Period, ee (a) Acceleration of S.H.M., a = -w2x (b) Velocity of S.H.M., v = ta A?-2 (e) Displacement of S.H.M. x = A sin(wt + >) (4) Energy of particle performing S.H.M.: ae 1 (a) Kinetic energy, Ey = MePA?cos?(wt +6) 1 (b) Potential energy, E, = Mora? sin? (wt + o) z (c) Total energy, E = E+ Bp= mora? (5) Simple pendulum: l (a) Period (T) = amt (b) Frequency (n) = mt (6) For seconds pendulum, T = 2 sec. Therefore, length (I) = (7) Period of angular S.H.M.: Period (T) = 2n Angular acceleration per unit displacement (8) Period of magnet vibrating in uniform magnetic field: Period (T) = 2x Va (9) Damped Oscillations: (a) Damped force(F,) = ~ bu (b) Force on the bloric from the spring 7 F, = ~kx (1) Wave motion: 1 (a) Speed of wave, u= nd —_(b) Frequency (n) = Period (1) (2) Amplitude of the Resultant wave produced due to superposition of two waves: Y,=A,sin@tand Y, = A,sin(ot + >) {a) Resultant wave Y = Asin(ot + 6) (b) Resultant ran is A=VA,? + A,? + 2A,A,cosd(3) Equation of stationary wave: a Y = Asin(2nnt), where A= 2.2008 (4) Vibrations of air column in a pipe: (a) When a pipe is closed at one end: A (i) Fundamental frequency Reais (ii) In this case only odd harmonics are present. (b) When a pipe is open at both ends: (i) Fundamental frequency 2= 37, where, L=1+2e (ii) In this case all harmonics are present. (5) End correction (e): e=0.3d where d= inner diameter of pipe (6) Vibrations produced in a string: 7 {a} Speed of wave along string v = \e where, T = Tension applied to string, m = Mass per unit length of string. 1 [T (b) Fundamental frequency, 2 = 97\ in where, |= vibrating length of string. (7) Beats: (a) Resultant equation: y = Asin(2nnf (b) Period of beat (T) = (c) Frequency of beat (n) = n, — n, (1) Refractive index of medium with respect to air: vy ie sint (@) ata" Sinr Palm = GZ (C) am = (d) Refractive index of glass with respect to water, ,, 7 ae (2) Wave number and critical angle: Ba = 1 {a) Wave number (v)==- _{b) Critical angle, sinc = -— iv (3) Wave vector and electric field: 2 (a) Wave vector (K) = > {b) The magnitude of electric field E = Eysin(Kx~- of 2, 2 is (4) Brewster’s law: (a) tan, = a (b) 6, +@, = 90° (5) Path Difference: ya {a) Path difference (P.D.) = [De {b) Equation for n'" bright band, Yn = ee D(2n-1)a a7 an) h fea (c) Equation for n'" dark band, Y, =A (6) Fringe width (W): W = > (7) Optical path = wt * dig (8) Path difference = d(u- 1) (9) Maxima and minima: nh (a) Equation of n'* minima, sind, = a (2n+ 1) {b) Equation of n'* maxima, sin6,, = —ia 24D (c) Width of the central bright band = a. (10) Limit of resolution and Resolving power: (a) For Microscope: ae 4 a (i) Limit of resolution = Dasind - i 2Qyusin@ 2(N.A.) (ii) Resolving power = ae {b) For Telescope: 1.222 D (i) Limit of resolution = —5— (ii) Resolving power“ 7'92, ] __Electrostatics | (1) Charge (q): a FF Number of b ber of tube] _ {Number of tube] _ (2) Sap oe ela = [Meer forees |- of induction (3) Charge density and Electric intensity: N% {a) Electrostatic force (F) = ane, 7 . € - c - Par (b) Dielectric constant (K) = fm Car Fred q : {c) Linear charge density (2) = T (d) Surface charge density (0) = xX a oe q a . FV {e) Volume charge density (p) = (f) Electric intensity (E) = a Seen (4) Gauss’s law and Electric intensity: (a) Gauss law: foEcoséds = 5 qj - 4 6 (b) Electric intensity due to charged spt a cz = Fae, (5) Electric potential energy: Us ane, r (6) Electric potential due to a point charge: V = 4ne,rdv (7) Relation between E and V: E= “iz (8) Electric potential due to an electric dipole: cee here p= q* 21= Electric dipole moment Vaipote a 4 r? te (9) Electrostatics potential due to a system of charge: 1 n 4 Vosystem = Ane, an (10) Potential energy: L ae Potential energy of two point ohare, U - Gre, rai (11) Electric susceptibility: Ps oe (12) Capacitance: C = i (13) Capacitors in series and parallel: 1 (a) Equivalent capacitance in series, ‘Cae s (b) Equivalent capacitance in parallel, Cp = C,+C,+C,+ (14) Capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor: Ag {a) Without dielectric, C = a (b) With a dielectric slab between the plates,C = (15) Energy stored in capacitor (U): 2 aL 1Q 1 wee oe )U=ZOV (ey U=5cv? : Vv (1) Ohm’s law: V=IR -. Resistance (R) aor RA (3) Specific resistance: p = fa i (2) Conductance: K= R 1 (4) Conductivity: o = . (5) Kirchhoff’s laws: (a) Kirchhoff’s current law: £1=0 (b) Kirchhoffs voltage law: Zemf + EP.D.=0 (6) Wheatstone’s bridge : i (a) Wheatst twork conditi a oe : fone ni cor : pe ~= ‘etwork condition: RR, or 5 7 ; i x _& k (b) Meter bridge condition: oR h X= RE In Kelvin’s method ition: ote =r (c) In Kelvin’s method, condition: Rh Ge a(7) Moving Coil Galvanometer (MCQ): (a) Conversion of MCG into ammeter: hunt (S) = = (i) Shunt (8) (Je (ii) Shunt (S) = at Gc Fract 1 a oe ace of total current through shunt resistance, + “S+G (b} on of MCG into voltmeter: v (i) High resistance (x) = T,~© (ii) High resistance (x) = G(n- 1) ue to Electric Current (1) Magnetic, electric and Lorentz force: (a) Magnetic force, F,.= q(Vx B) = qVBsine (b) Force due to electric C field, LFe =Eq (c) Lorentz force, F = F, +F, =qE +(V xB]] (2) Cyclotron formula: my = qBR_ie.p=qBR 2nm (3) Cyclotron Accelerator: (a) Period (T) = 5 a B?R? {b) Frequency (n) = m (€) KE ofions = sme = = (4) Magnetic force: {a) Magnetic force in terms of current I, F= T(t x B) = I/Bsin@ (b) Torque on a current loop, t=1 LLBsine K (5) For moving coil galvanometer: | = note (6) Magnetic dipole moment: a (a) For coil M = NIA b) For magnet M = 2im (7) Electri (a) Teas acide on current it carrying coil in uniform magnetic field, =MBsin@ .. =MxB oo (b) ee acting on coil in electric field,t = PEsing . t = Px E (8) Biot-Savart law: (a) Magnetic potential energy of Le = -MBcos@ (b) Biot-Savart’s law: dB = ps = (c) Magnetic induction due to straight wire, B = (9) Magnetic field (B): (a) Magnetic field produced by current in a circular arc of a wire, Hy 16 4nr I : : Hy (b) Magnetic field at the centre of circle of wire, B = as oR(10) Ampere’s Law and Magnetic fleld of solenoid and toroid: (a) Ampere Law, f B- ds = tol N (b) Magnetic field of a solenoid, B=ppnI where, n= Tr N (c) Magnetic field of a toroid, B = Hy nl. where, n= 5 (d) Magnetic field outside the solenoid and outside the toroid is zero. ie.B=0 CT] (1) Magnetic dipole moment (M): 5 (a) Magnetic length = & (Geometric length) i.e. 21 = ee {b) Magnetic dipole moment, M = 21m (2) Magnetic moment of orbiting electron: e enh 1 (a) M,, = IA= qevr OM = [amr - Tam, e (c) Gyromagnetic ratio = a “im (3) Magnetization, magnetic intensity and magnetic susceptibility: Loe Net magnetic moment (M,<) (a) Magnetization (M;) = Voume (V) M (b) Magnetic intensity, H =n! (c) Magnetic susceptibility, x = Fr (4) Curie’s Law and Curie temperature: c 2s = A (a) Curie’s Law: M, = Ca(b) 1= w-1ece () x= 2 Ea (1) Magnetic flux and Magnetic inductio: (a) Magnetic flux, ¢= BA {b) Magnetic induction, B = (2) Faraday’s law : Magnitude of: ‘induced emf is d ...(for one turn) (b)e = ng (a) e = ...(for n turns) (3) emf: ena power: (a) emf induced in the coil, e = Blv (b) emf induced in rotating co coil in magnetic field, e = e,sinat = B*L4 (c) Power = F- v = 7 $ dl (4) Self inductance: (a) $= LI orL=+ (b) e=-Lag. : 1 {e) Energy of circuit = alr (d) Inductance of a solenoid: L {e) Inductances in Series: = iyrPIA () inductances in Parallel: (g) Energy density of magnetic field (u,) = ue (5) Mutual Inductance; Ho S $ (a) 95 = MI, or M=—* (by) eo-M- Se ae (6) For Transformer: ” : [se s I —=—* , 2 . : (a) N, 1, ~ & where, Kis called transformer ratio. Pp (b) Power of transformer, n = = x 100 [73 | (1) sueas emf in rotating coil placed in uniform magnetic field: e= €,sinwt where, é, is the peak value of emf. (2) Current in circuit connected to generator: (3) Average and r.m.s. values of AC: {a) Average value of AC: Cy = 0.637e, and 1, = 0.637], (B)RMS values OFAC: —eqqg= G2 and —Ipgg™ - (4) LCR circuit: x2 (a) Impedance, Z = + Re (XX? (b)Z = = (e) tang= (5) LR and CR circuit: (a) For LR circuit, Z= R°+X,? (b) For CR circuit, Z= «| R?+ x2 (6) Average power and power factor: (a) Average power in LCR circuit, Pay = Cras * Ins * C080 R True power (b) Power factor (cos) = = = Apparent power (7) Resonant frequency and power factor: {a) Resonant frequency (/;) input m1VLC R Re +X,2 i ea) he Oe (b) Power factor (cos4) *(ia) EI . he (1) Photon energy: hv = Tv (2) Photoelectric work function: 6, = hvp c (3) Threshold frequency: v= 7 1 (4) Einstein's photoelectric equation: 7 MU*,,,. = RV-%o = hy - hv, 1 (5) Stopping potential (V,): eV, = zm max (6) De-Broglie Hypothesis: )p=> — (e) p=me (aya = A | 1.228 V2mEx V2mev Ww > fa) p= (in nm) ea Re eet (1) Bohr’s postulates: mv? de nh fa) : * Gane, (b) mur=5 (c) hv=E,-E_ (2) Radius of n‘* orbit: r, = mht (3) Veloci - 2 Tn am Ze ( soy 2eynh e . th orbi = (4) Energy of an ae For nt on E, Bee (5) Rydberg’s formula: =R 2 (za) where Ris Rydberg constant (6) DeBroglie hypothesis: 2nr, h nh 7 (b)4= (La = Pan De (a)A,= (7) Mass number and mass defect: (a) Mass number, A=Z+N_ (b) Mass defect, Am= Zm, + Nm,-M (8) Binding energy: (a) Binding energy (E,) = Ame = (Zm,+ Nm,,-M)c? B.E. (b) B.E per nucleon = A (9) Law of Radioactive decay: (b) Ny= Noe™ — (e) Ay = Age! 1 (e) Average life (1) = on dN (a) Gp = -AN (d) Half life period (T) = (10) Energy released in the nuclear reaction: Q= [m,-m,-m,-2m,]c?Semiconductor Devices (7 V=IR (2) Power (P) = VI (3) Output voltage, Vo =IR, ()I,=L+h . lc Ie PB — (5) De = 7, anit Boo = T (6) Op = aT and Boo a—1 (7) Current and voltage gain: : Alc a AV, (a) Current gain (A,) = Tig (b) Voltage gain (A,) = 7y_ (8) Input and output resistance: i (a) Dynamic input resistance; Ti, (b) Dynamic output resistance 7, = Ale