Yamaha Keyboards - Programming 2024/01/01

1 Programming
Table of contents
1 Programming .............................................................................................................. 1
1.1 CASM Section Format 1 ......................................................................................... 2
1.2 CASM Section Format 2 ......................................................................................... 6
1.3 OTS Section Format ............................................................................................ 11
1.4 MDB Section Format ............................................................................................ 13
1.5 Music Finder File Format ...................................................................................... 15
1.6 Multi Pad Format ................................................................................................. 16
1.6.1 Tyros ............................................................................................................. 16
1.6.2 Other models .................................................................................................. 16
1.7 Voice File Format ................................................................................................ 17
1.7.1 Selecting a voice sample .................................................................................. 17
1.7.2 Creating a voice sample ................................................................................... 17
1.7.3 What is inside a voice sample ........................................................................... 17
1.7.4 Computer programs for modifying voices............................................................ 17
1.8 Yamaha File Extensions........................................................................................ 18
1.8.1 Style Files - sty, pst, pcs, sst, prs, bcs, fps, scp, aus ............................................ 18
1.8.2 Registration Files - rgt, reg ............................................................................... 18
1.8.3 Voice Files - org, vce, liv, swv, clv, mgv, sar, sa2, ldr, drm, swv, nlv, mgv, sfx, lsf,
env, cvn/d, cwn/d, uvn/d/i, tvn/d/i, vv1, cv1, vli, t2e ....................................................... 18
1.8.4 Yamaha Expansion Packs (YEPs) - yep, ppi, ppf, cpi, cpf....................................... 18
1.8.5 Music Finder Files - mfd ................................................................................... 18
1.8.6 MIDI and Audio Files - mid, wav, mp3 ................................................................ 19
1.8.7 Multipad Files - pad, pd2 .................................................................................. 19
1.8.8 License files - n25, n26, n27 ............................................................................. 19
1.8.9 Play List Files – tsv .......................................................................................... 19
1.8.10 Misc. files - usr, bup ........................................................................................ 19
1.8.11 Outdated files - ots, vic, eff .............................................................................. 19
1.9 Yamaha Internal Data .......................................................................................... 19
1.9.1 Multi Pad Numbers .......................................................................................... 19
1.9.2 Harmony/Arpeggio Numbers ............................................................................. 20
1.9.3 Style Numbers ................................................................................................ 21
1.10 HP_MIDIFILE.dll in C# and VB.Net ........................................................................ 22
1.10.1 C# sample code for Form1 ............................................................................... 22
1.10.2 VB.Net sample code for Form1 .......................................................................... 23

© 2002-2024 Jørgen Sørensen

Web site: http://www.jososoft.dk/yamaha
E-mail: [email protected]

© 2002-2024 http://www.jososoft.dk/yamaha Page 1 of 25

 Yamaha Keyboards - Programming 2024/01/01

1.1 CASM Section Format 1

The CASM is the first Yamaha-chunk in a style file following the MIDI data.
The CASM section holds the Ctab settings and some other settings of the style. Only some of these
settings can be done at the keyboard.
In December 1999 I reverse-engineered the CASM. The original format was published March 2000.
By the arrival of the first Tyros keyboard the CASM section format was altered slightly.
These changes were reverse engineered in February 2003. The revised format was published
October 25th 2004.
The CASM format was changed radically with the release of Tyros 3 in November 2008. This new
format has been applied to later keyboards.
Check CASM Editor software program at
http://www.jososoft.dk/yamaha/software/casmedit/index.htm
In the following x represents a byte.
No. CASM data Function Hex value Comment
00 CASM CASM Marker 43 41 53 4d Beginning of CASM Section
01 xxxx CASM Length Length of the entire CASM section
02 CSEG Section 43 53 45 47 Beginning of CSEG Section within CASM. A CSEG
Marker Section holds information about style parts using
equal settings.
03 xxxx Section Length of the CSEG section
Length
04 Sdec Parts Marker 53 64 65 63 Beginning of Sdec part within CSEG Section
05 xxxx Parts Length Length of the Sdec part
06 Main Style parts Style part names of the styles with this setting.
A,Main B Names are separated with commas, but no comma
etc. at the end of the part name string.
07 Ctab Channel 43 74 61 62 Beginning of Ctab string
Marker
08 xxxx Channel Length of the Ctab string
Length
09 x Source 00 - 0F The source channel in the MIDI part of the style file
Channel which holds note information. Valid values are 00 -
0F (= channel 1 - 16).
10 xxxxxxxx Voice Name Voice name. Always 8 bytes. The voice can be called
any name.
11 x Destination 08 - 0F Source channel data must be remapped to a valid
Channel destination channel. Valid values are 08 - 0F (=
channel 9 - 16).
12 x Editable 00 - 01 01 Channel Read Only - 00 Channel Editable
13 x Note Mute 00 - 0F Notes to play (0 = not play)
1. digit 1.digit = 0 (always)
2. digit
2.digit = F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
14 x Note Mute 00 - FF B 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bb 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
3. digit
A 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0
4. digit G# 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0

3.digit = F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
G 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
F# 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
F 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0
E 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0

© 2002-2024 http://www.jososoft.dk/yamaha Page 2 of 25

 Yamaha Keyboards - Programming 2024/01/01

4.digit = F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Eb 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
D 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
C# 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0
C 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
Example: 0E A3 means that C C# F G A Bb and B
plays. When other notes are pressed the
accompaniment is muted.

15 x Chord Mute 00 - 07 Chords to play (0 = not play)

1. digit 1.digit = 0 (always)
2. digit
2.digit = 3 2 1 0 add 4 if auto start
16 x Chord Mute 00 - FF 1+2+5 1 1 0 0
sus4 1 0 1 0
3. digit
4. digit 3.digit = F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
1+5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
17 x Chord Mute 00 - FF 1+8 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
5. digit 7aug 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0
6. digit M7aug 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0

18 x Chord Mute 00 - FF 4.digit = F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

7. digit 7(#9) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
7(b13) 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
8. digit 7(b9) 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0
19 x Chord Mute 00 - FF 7(13) 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
9. digit 5.digit = F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
10. digit 7#11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
7(9) 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
7b5 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0
7sus4 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0

6.digit = F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
dim7 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
dim 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0
m7M(9) 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0

7.digit = F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
mM7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
m7(11) 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
m7(9) 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0
m(9) 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0

8.digit = F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
m7b5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
min7 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
min6 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0
min 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0

9.digit = F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
aug 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6(9) 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
M7(9) 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0
(9) 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0

10.digit= F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
M7#11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Maj7 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
Maj6 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0
Maj 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
Example: 03 FF EF FF F8 means that when playing a
Maj chord or a 7sus4 chord the accompaniment is
muted.

© 2002-2024 http://www.jososoft.dk/yamaha Page 3 of 25

 Yamaha Keyboards - Programming 2024/01/01

20 x Source Chord 00 - 0B These settings determine the original key of the

source pattern (i.e. the key used when recording the
21 x Chord Type 00 - 21
pattern). The default, CM7 (the source root is "C"
and the source chord type is "M7"), is automatically
selected whenever the preset data is deleted prior to
recording a new style, regardless of the source root
and chord included in the preset data.
Valid Chord Types are: Maj, Maj6, Maj7, M7#11,
Madd9, M7(9), M6(9), aug, m, m6, m7, m7b5, m(9),
m7(9), m7(11), mM7, mM7(9), dim, dim7, 7, 7sus,
7b5, 7(9), 7(#11), 7(13), 7(b9), 7(b13), 7(#9),
M7aug, 7aug, 1+8, 1+5, sus4, 1+2+5
22 x Note 00 - 01 NTR specify the transposition rule to be used by the
Transposition transposition table. Two settings are available:
Rule ROOT TRANS (00): When transposed the pitch
relationship between notes is maintained. For
example, the notes C3, E3, and G3 in the key of C
will become F3, A3, and C4 when transposed to F.
Use this setting for parts that contain melodic lines.
ROOT FIXED (01): The note is kept as close as
possible to the previous note range. For example,
the notes C3, E3, and G3 in the key of C will become
C3, F3, and A3 when transposed to F. Use this
setting for chordal parts.
23 x Note 00 - 05 NTT specify the note transposition table to be used
Transposition for source pattern transposition. The following table
Table types are available. Note that to obtain the settings
marked with *, the NTT setting in the Cntt section
(line 32) must be set too.
BYPASS (00): No transposition.
MELODY (01): Suitable for melody line transposition.
Use for melody parts such as PHRASE 1 and PHRASE
2.
CHORD (02): Suitable for chord transposition. Use
for the CHORD 1 and CHORD 2 parts when they
contain piano or guitar-like chordal parts.
BASS (03): Suitable for bass line transposition. This
table is basically similar to the MELODY table, but
recognizes "on-bass" chords allowed in the
FINGERED 2 fingering mode. Use primarily for bass
lines.
MELODIC MINOR (04): This table lowers the third
scale degree by a semitone when changing from a
major to a minor chord, or raises the minor third
scale degree a semitone when changing from a
minor to a major chord. Other notes are not
changed.
*MELODIC MINOR 5th Variation (04)
HARMONIC MINOR (05): This table lowers the third
and sixth scale degrees by a semitone when
changing from a major to a minor chord, or raises
the minor third and flatted sixth scale degrees a
semitone when changing from a minor to a major
chord. Other notes are not changed.
*HARMONIC MINOR 5th Variation (05)
*NATURAL MINOR. If BassOff (04). If BassOn (05)
*NATURAL MINOR 5th Variation (04)
*DORIAN (04)
*DORIAN 5th Variation (04)
NOTE
When NTR (above) is set to ROOT FIXED and NTT
(also above) is set to BYPASS, the SOURCE ROOT

© 2002-2024 http://www.jososoft.dk/yamaha Page 4 of 25

 Yamaha Keyboards - Programming 2024/01/01

and SOURCE CHORD parameter names change to

PLAY ROOT and PLAY CHORD. In this case it is
possible to change chords and hear how the results
sound for all parts.
If "P" or "PRESET" appears for the SOURCE ROOT,
SOURCE CHORD, NTR, or NTT parameter, the preset
data uses special settings.
24 x High key 00 - 0B HIGH KEY specify the upper root limit. Chords with a
root higher than the specified limit will be played in
the octave immediately below the high-key limit.
This setting is effective only when the NTR
parameter (above) is set to ROOT TRANS.
Example: When HIGH KEY = F.
Root Motion: C C# D F F#
Notes Produced: C3-E3-G3 / C#3-F3-G#3 / D3-F#3-
A3 / F3-A3-C4 / F#2-A#2-C#3
25 x Note Low 00 - 7F NOTE LIMIT LOW and HIGH specify the low and high
Limit note limits for all notes in the specified part. Notes
outside this range are transposed to the nearest
26 x Note High 00 - 7F
octave within the range.
Limit
Example: When LOW = C3 and HIGH = D4
Root Motion: C C# D#
Notes Produced: E3-G3-C4 / F3-G#3-C#4 / D#3-G3-
A#3
27 x Retrigger Rule 00 - 05 RTR (Retrigger Rule) specify how notes held through
chord changes will be handled. 6 settings are
available:
STOP (00): The note is stopped, and resumes
sounding from the next note data.
PITCH SHIFT (01): The pitch of the note will bend
without attack to match the type of the new chord.
PITCH SHIFT TO ROOT (02): The pitch of the note
will bend without attack to match the root of the new
chord.
RETRIGGER (03): The note is retriggered with attack
at a new pitch matching the new chord type.
RETRIGGER TO ROOT (04): The note is retriggered
with attack at a new pitch matching the new chord
root.
NOTE GENERATOR (05): This setting will only be
available if programmed in the original style. A
designated note is produced with designated pitch,
length, and velocity matching the new chord.
28 x End Marker 00 End Marker for this channel
... and over from line 07 for each channel in the CSEG section.
When all channels are set, continue from line 29 with all channels with defined values in line 32.
29 Cntt New NTT 43 6E 74 74 Beginning of Cntt string
30 xxxx Cntt Length 00 00 00 02 Length of the Cntt string
31 x Source 00 - 0F The source channel. Same value as in line 09.
Channel
32 x Note see next NTT specify the note transposition table to be used
Transposition column for source pattern transposition. 11 table types are
Table available:
Type Bass Off Bass On
BYPASS not def. 80
MELODY + BASS not def. 81

© 2002-2024 http://www.jososoft.dk/yamaha Page 5 of 25

 Yamaha Keyboards - Programming 2024/01/01

CHORD not def. 82

MELODIC MINOR not def. 83
MELODIC MINOR 5th VAR 04 84
HARMONIC MINOR not def. 85
HARMONIC MINOR 5th VAR 06 86
NATURAL MINOR 07 87
NATURAL MINOR 5th VAR 08 88
DORIAN 09 89
DORIAN 5th VAR 0A 8A

... and now over from line 29 for each channel with defined values in line 32 in the CSEG section
... and now over from line 02 for each CSEG section in CASM

1.2 CASM Section Format 2

The CASM is the first Yamaha-chunk in a style file following the MIDI data.
The CASM section holds the Ctab settings and some other settings of the style. Only some of these
settings can be done at the keyboard.
In December 1999 I reverse-engineered the original CASM. This was published March 2000.
By the arrival of the first Tyros keyboard the original CASM section format was altered slightly.
These changes were reverse engineered in February 2003. The revised format was published
October 25th 2004.
The CASM format was changed radically with the release of Tyros 3 in November 2008. The new
format has been applied to later keyboards.
In the following x represents a byte.
No. CASM data Function Hex value Comment
00 CASM CASM Marker 43 41 53 4d Beginning of CASM Section
01 xxxx CASM Length Length of the entire CASM section
02 CSEG Section 43 53 45 47 Beginning of CSEG Section within CASM. A CSEG
Marker Section holds information about style parts using
equal settings.
03 xxxx Section Length of the CSEG section
Length
04 Sdec Parts Marker 53 64 65 63 Beginning of Sdec part within CSEG Section
05 xxxx Parts Length Length of the Sdec part
06 Main Style parts Style part names of the styles with this setting.
A,Main B Names are separated with commas, but no comma
etc. at the end of the part name string.
07 Ctab Channel 43 74 61 62 Beginning of Ctab string
Marker
08 xxxx Channel Length of the Ctab string
Length
09 x Source 00 - 0F The source channel in the MIDI part of the style file
Channel which holds note information. Valid values are 00 -
0F (= channel 1 - 16).
10 xxxxxxxx Voice Name Voice name. Always 8 bytes. The voice can be
called any name.
11 x Destination 08 - 0F Source channel data must be remapped to a valid
Channel destination channel. Valid values are 08 - 0F (=

© 2002-2024 http://www.jososoft.dk/yamaha Page 6 of 25

 Yamaha Keyboards - Programming 2024/01/01

channel 9 - 16).
12 x Editable 00 - 01 01 Channel Read Only - 00 Channel Editable
13 x Note Mute 00 - 0F Notes to play (0 = not play)
1. digit 1.digit = 0 (always)
2. digit
2.digit = F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
14 x Note Mute 00 - FF B 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bb 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
3. digit
A 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0
4. digit G# 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0

3.digit = F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
G 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
F# 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
F 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0
E 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0

4.digit = F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Eb 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
D 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
C# 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0
C 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
Example: 0E A3 means that C C# F G A Bb and B
plays. When other notes are pressed the
accompaniment is muted.
15 x Chord Mute 00 - 07 Chords to play (0 = not play)
1. digit 1.digit = 0 (always)
2. digit
2.digit = 3 2 1 0 add 4 if auto start
16 x Chord Mute 00 - FF 1+2+5 1 1 0 0
sus4 1 0 1 0
3. digit
4. digit 3.digit = F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
1+5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
17 x Chord Mute 00 - FF 1+8 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
5. digit 7aug 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0
6. digit M7aug 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0

18 x Chord Mute 00 - FF 4.digit = F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

7. digit 7(#9) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
7(b13) 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
8. digit 7(b9) 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0
19 x Chord Mute 00 - FF 7(13) 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
9. digit 5.digit = F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
10. digit 7#11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
7(9) 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
7b5 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0
7sus4 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0

6.digit = F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
dim7 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
dim 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0
m7M(9) 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0

7.digit = F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
mM7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
m7(11) 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
m7(9) 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0
m(9) 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0

8.digit = F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
m7b5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
min7 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0

© 2002-2024 http://www.jososoft.dk/yamaha Page 7 of 25

 Yamaha Keyboards - Programming 2024/01/01

min6 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0
min 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0

9.digit = F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
aug 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6(9) 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
M7(9) 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0
(9) 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0

10.digit= F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
M7#11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Maj7 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
Maj6 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0
Maj 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
Example: 03 FF EF FF F8 means that when playing
a Maj chord or a 7sus4 chord the accompaniment is
muted.
20 x Source Chord 00 - 0B These settings determine the original key of the
source pattern (i.e. the key used when recording
21 x Chord Type 00 - 21
the pattern). The default, CM7 (the source root is
"C" and the source chord type is "M7"), is
automatically selected whenever the preset data is
deleted prior to recording a new style, regardless of
the source root and chord included in the preset
data.
Valid Chord Types are: Maj, Maj6, Maj7, M7#11,
Madd9, M7(9), M6(9), aug, m, m6, m7, m7b5,
m(9), m7(9), m7(11), mM7, mM7(9), dim, dim7, 7,
7sus, 7b5, 7(9), 7(#11), 7(13), 7(b9), 7(b13),
7(#9), M7aug, 7aug, 1+8, 1+5, sus4, 1+2+5
22 x Low / middle 00 - 7F Specifies the lowest MIDI note value which is part
limit of the "middle note section". All notes below this
note belong to the "low notes section".
If the value of this byte is 0, then the data in the
"low notes section" is not used.
23 x Middle / high 00 - 7F Specifies the highest MIDI note value which is part
limit of the "middle note section". All notes above this
note belong to the "high notes section".
If the value of this byte is 7F, then the data in the
"high notes section" is not used.
The following 6 lines are repeated for low, middle and high notes sections.
24 x Note 00 - 02 NTR specify the transposition rule to be used by the
Transposition transposition table. Three settings are available:
Rule ROOT TRANS (00): When transposed the pitch
relationship between notes is maintained. For
example, the notes C3, E3, and G3 in the key of C
will become F3, A3, and C4 when transposed to F.
Use this setting for parts that contain melodic lines.
ROOT FIXED (01): The note is kept as close as
possible to the previous note range. For example,
the notes C3, E3, and G3 in the key of C will
become C3, F3, and A3 when transposed to F. Use
this setting for chordal parts.
GUITAR (02): This is exclusively for transposing
guitar accompaniment. Notes are transposed to
approximate the chords played with natural guitar
fingering.
25 x Note Bass "off": NTT specify the note transposition table to be used
Transposition 00 - 0A for source pattern transposition. The following table
Table Bass "on": types are available.
BYPASS (00 - 80): No transposition.

© 2002-2024 http://www.jososoft.dk/yamaha Page 8 of 25

 Yamaha Keyboards - Programming 2024/01/01

80 - 8A MELODY (01 - 81): Suitable for melody line

transposition. Use for melody parts such as PHRASE
1 and PHRASE 2.
CHORD (02 - 82): Suitable for chord transposition.
Use for the CHORD 1 and CHORD 2 parts when
they contain piano or guitar-like chordal parts.
MELODIC MINOR (03 - 83): This table lowers the
third scale degree by a semitone when changing
from a major to a minor chord, or raises the minor
third scale degree a semitone when changing from
a minor to a major chord. Other notes are not
changed.
MELODIC MINOR 5th Variation (04 - 84)
HARMONIC MINOR (05 - 85): This table lowers the
third and sixth scale degrees by a semitone when
changing from a major to a minor chord, or raises
the minor third and flatted sixth scale degrees a
semitone when changing from a minor to a major
chord. Other notes are not changed.
HARMONIC MINOR 5th Variation (06 - 86)
NATURAL MINOR (07 - 87)
NATURAL MINOR 5th Variation (08 - 88)
DORIAN (09 -89)
DORIAN 5th Variation (0A - 8A)
ALL-PURPOSE (00 - 80): This table covers both
strummed- and arpeggio-played sound.
STROKE (01 - 81): Suitable for stroke-played sound
of the guitar. Some notes may sound as if it is
muted. This is normal condition when the chord is
played on guitar by stroke.
ARPEGGIO (02 - 82): Suitable for arpeggio-played
sound of the guitar. Using this table, four notes
arpeggio sounds most beautiful.
NOTES
If Bass is "off" values 00 - 0A are used, else if Bass
is "on" values 80 - 8A are used. These settings are
in the keyboard fingering area.
ALL-PURPOSE; STROKE and ARPEGGIO is only
available when NTR (above) is set to GUITAR.
26 x High key 00 - 0B HIGH KEY specify the upper root limit. Chords with
a root higher than the specified limit will be played
in the octave immediately below the high-key limit.
This setting is effective only when the NTR
parameter (above) is set to ROOT TRANS.
Example: When HIGH KEY = F.
Root Motion: C C# D F F#
Notes Produced: C3-E3-G3 / C#3-F3-G#3 / D3-
F#3-A3 / F3-A3-C4 / F#2-A#2-C#3
27 x Note Low 00 - 7F NOTE LIMIT LOW and HIGH specify the low and
Limit high note limits for all notes in the specified part.
Notes outside this range are transposed to the
28 x Note High 00 - 7F
nearest octave within the range.
Limit
Example: When LOW = C3 and HIGH = D4
Root Motion: C C# D#
Notes Produced: E3-G3-C4 / F3-G#3-C#4 / D#3-
G3-A#3
29 x Retrigger Rule 00 - 05 RTR (Retrigger Rule) specify how notes held
through chord changes will be handled. 6 settings
are available:
STOP (00): The note is stopped, and resumes
sounding from the next note data.

© 2002-2024 http://www.jososoft.dk/yamaha Page 9 of 25

 Yamaha Keyboards - Programming 2024/01/01

PITCH SHIFT (01): The pitch of the note will bend

without attack to match the type of the new chord.
PITCH SHIFT TO ROOT (02): The pitch of the note
will bend without attack to match the root of the
new chord.
RETRIGGER (03): The note is retriggered with
attack at a new pitch matching the new chord type.
RETRIGGER TO ROOT (04): The note is retriggered
with attack at a new pitch matching the new chord
root.
NOTE GENERATOR (05): This setting will only be
available if programmed in the original style. A
designated note is produced with designated pitch,
length, and velocity matching the new chord.
... and over from line 24 - 29 for middle notes section; and once more for high notes section.
30*) x 00 or 80 Default value is 00.
If value is 80 there is an extra break voice (like a
Crash Cymbal in drum channels) for non-drum
channels, when playing the 3- or 4-finger break.
The extra break drum voice will sound at time 0
within the break measure.
31*) x 00 or 01 Default value is 00.
If value is 01, then the channel is always a drum
channel. In this case lines 33, 34 and 35 have non-
00 values and line 30 is always 00.
32*) x 00 Always 00.
33*) x 00 or 18 Default value is 00.
If value is 18, then the channel is always a drum
channel. In this case line 31 is 01 and line 34 and
35 has non-00 values.
34*) x Instrument 23 - 50 or 80 Default value is 80.
If line 33 is 18 (= drum channel), then value is in
interval 23 - 50. The actual value is the General
MIDI Percussion Key Number.
35*) x Volume 00 - 7F Default value is 00.
If line 33 is 18 (= drum channel), then actual value
is the volume of the Percussion Instrument, defined
in the line above.
36 x End Marker 00 End Marker for this channel
... and over from line 07 for each channel in the CSEG section.
... and now over from line 02 for each CSEG section in CASM
*)
The findings in these lines are still to be verified. In rare cases other values might be present in
lines 30, 34 and 35.
This section is from "Style Files - Introduction and Details" by Peter Wierzba and Michael P.
Bedesem. The entire document is found at http://www.wierzba.homepage.t-
online.de/stylefiles.htm A must read for style programmers!
If NTR is "Guitar" the following apply
In contrast to other NTRs there is no harmonic relation between source and target notes. Each
source note is mapped to one of the guitar strings. The pitch or harmonic function will be
irrelevant.
The mapping of source notes to guitar strings is as follows:
B -> 1st string (high E)
A -> 2nd string (B)
G -> 3rd string (G)
F -> 4th string (D)
E -> 5th string (A)

© 2002-2024 http://www.jososoft.dk/yamaha Page 10 of 25

 Yamaha Keyboards - Programming 2024/01/01

D -> 6th string (low E)

C# -> a quint above/below
C -> root note
That means you can control exactly which of the six strings should sound at what time.
C and C# will be mapped to the root of an on-bass chord, if parameter BASS is set to on.
It is recommended not to use C, C#, D and E at the same time.
If source notes will be moved by an octave this does not mean that the chord will sound an octave
lower/higher.
Rather you can control which chord position on the fretboard will be used:
C2 - B2 -> 1st position
C3 - B3 -> 2nd position
C4 - B4 -> 3rd position
C5 - B5 -> 4th position
As a consequence of the above information, the MIDI channels in the style file having the "Guitar"
setting in NTR must be prepared accordingly.
This also means that the style file will not sound right when/if switching between "Guitar" and one
of the other NTR settings without editing the MIDI notes.

1.3 OTS Section Format

The OTS is the second Yamaha-chunk in a style file following the CASM data.
OTS Editor software program at http://www.jososoft.dk/yamaha/software/otseditor/index.htm
In a hexadecimal editor the beginning of the OTS section might look like this:

The OTS chunk identifier "OTSc" and then 4 bytes giving the length of the entire section, not
including the 4 identifier bytes and the 4 length bytes.
Next comes a "MTrk" identifier. This is a MIDI track identifier; and later on will follow 3 more
"MTrk" identifiers.
The first MIDI Track holds the "OTS 1" information; the second MIDI Track holds the "OTS 2"
information; and so on.
This means that the entire OTS section is so to speak a "4 Track MIDI File with an abnormal
header".

© 2002-2024 http://www.jososoft.dk/yamaha Page 11 of 25

 Yamaha Keyboards - Programming 2024/01/01

In the MIDI Tracks we will find some "normal" MIDI events and a lot of "normal" SysEx messages
defining the voices in the OTS set-up.
These "normalities" are found in the keyboard data sheet. SysEx of this form: "F0 43 10 4C xx xx
xx yy F7" are normal.
After stripping a OTS section for these "normalities" there will remain some OTS specific data,
which all are SysEx messages.
These messages have this form: "F0 43 73 01 5z xx xx xx yy .. yy F7", where
• "z" is 0 or 1
• "xx xx xx" is address. The second xx block is 00 -> 03 = channel (1 -> 4) - Right 1; Right 2;
Right 3 and Left.
• "yy .. yy" are actual data value - one or more bytes
Notice:
The information in this page is not complete; and errors might occur.
Yamaha never tells us about their file formats!
Please contact me if you have information about the "?" fields in the table.
Section SysEx message Data Byte Value(s) Function
Header F0 43 73 01 50 05 01 01 2A F7 ?
F0 43 73 01 50 05 01 02 32 F7 ?
Part Right
F0 43 73 01 50 08 00 00 yy F7 00 = 0 or 7F = 127 part off/on
1
F0 43 73 01 50 08 00 04 yy F7 00 = 0 to 7F = 127 voice set volume *)
F0 43 73 01 50 08 00 03 yy F7 See table below Octave Set *)
Part Right
F0 43 73 01 50 08 01 00 yy F7 00 = 0 or 7F = 127 part off/on
2
F0 43 73 01 50 08 01 04 yy F7 00 = 0 to 7F = 127 voice set volume *)
F0 43 73 01 50 08 01 03 yy F7 See table below Octave set *)
Part Right
F0 43 73 01 50 08 02 00 yy F7 00 = 0 or 7F = 127 part off/on
3
F0 43 73 01 50 08 02 04 yy F7 00 = 0 to 7F = 127 voice set volume *)
F0 43 73 01 50 08 02 03 yy F7 See table below Octave set *)
Part Left F0 43 73 01 50 08 03 00 yy F7 00 = 0 or 7F = 127 part off/on
F0 43 73 01 50 08 03 04 yy F7 00 = 0 to 7F = 127 voice set volume *)
F0 43 73 01 50 08 03 03 yy F7 See table below Octave set *)
Part Right F0 43 73 01 51 08 00 11 yy yy DSP Variation
Check Manual
1 yy F7 Parameter *)
F0 43 73 01 50 08 00 08 yy F7 00 = 0 or 7F = 127 DSP off/on
F0 43 73 01 50 08 00 01 yy F7 00 = 0 or 7F = 127 DSP Variation off/on *)
Part Right F0 43 73 01 51 08 01 11 yy yy DSP Variation
Check Manual
2 yy F7 Parameter *)
F0 43 73 01 50 08 01 08 yy F7 00 = 0 or 7F = 127 DSP off/on
F0 43 73 01 50 08 01 01 yy F7 00 = 0 or 7F = 127 DSP Variation off/on *)
Part Right F0 43 73 01 51 08 02 11 yy yy DSP Variation
Check Manual
3 yy F7 Parameter *)
F0 43 73 01 50 08 02 08 yy F7 00 = 0 or 7F = 127 DSP off/on
F0 43 73 01 50 08 02 01 yy F7 00 = 0 or 7F = 127 DSP Variation off/on *)
F0 43 73 01 51 08 03 11 yy yy DSP Variation
Part Left Check Manual
yy F7 Parameter *)
F0 43 73 01 50 08 03 08 yy F7 00 = 0 or 7F = 127 DSP off/on

© 2002-2024 http://www.jososoft.dk/yamaha Page 12 of 25

 Yamaha Keyboards - Programming 2024/01/01

F0 43 73 01 50 08 03 01 yy F7 00 = 0 or 7F = 127 DSP Variation off/on *)

F0 43 73 01 50 08 03 02 yy F7 00 = 0 or 7F = 127 Left Hold off/on *)
Harmony F0 43 73 01 50 04 00 00 yy F7 00 = 0 or F7 = 127 off/on
F0 43 73 01 51 04 00 00 yy yy
See table below type + speed
yy F7
F0 43 73 01 50 04 00 05 yy F7 00 = 0 to 7F = 127 volume
F0 43 73 01 50 04 00 02 yy F7 See table below assign
F0 43 73 01 50 04 00 03 yy F7 00 = 0 or FF = 255 ch note off/on
F0 43 73 01 50 04 00 04 yy F7 00 = 0 to 7F = 127 touch limit
F0 43 73 01 51 07 00 00 yy yy Find values later in this
Multi Pad number
yy F7 document
F0 43 73 01 50 07 00 00 yy F7 00 = 0 to 7F = 127 volume
Manufacturer Specific message (format
260 Bytes ?
unknown)
*) Setting of this parameter and all settings marked "?" are not yet implemented in the OTS Editor
software.
Octave Value Harmony Data
3E = -2 Types Speed Values Assign
3F = -1 Standard Duet = 0 Echo type: Auto = 16
40 = 0 Standard Trio = 1 4, 6, 8 and 12 Multi = 17
41 = 1 Full Chord = 2 Tremolo and Trill types: R1 = 0
42 = 2 Rock Duet = 0 + 256 8, 12, 16 and 32 R2 = 1
Country Duet = 0 + 256 * 2 R3 = 2
Country Trio =1 + 256
Type + Speed Data Bytes
Block = 3
Byte 1 = always 2
4-Way Close1 = 4
4-Way Close2 = 4 + 256
Echo, Tremolo and Trill types:
4-Way Open = 5
Byte 2 = type
1+5 = 6
Byte 3 = speed index (0 to 3)
Octave = 7
Strum = 8
Other Harmony types:
Multi Assign = 9
Byte 2 = type%256
Echo = 10
Byte 3 = type/256
Tremolo = 11
Trill = 12
If byte 2 and byte 3 = 0A 00
Type = Echo
Speed = 4 (index 0)
In PSR A3000; PSR S970; PSR S770 and PSR S670 there has been added 166 additional
Harmony/Arpeggio types.
These has been added to the OTS Editor software at
http://www.jososoft.dk/yamaha/software/otseditor/index.htm from version 2.37.

1.4 MDB Section Format

The Music Data Base is the third - and last - Yamaha-chunk in a style file following the OTS data.
MDB Editor software program at http://www.jososoft.dk/yamaha/software/mdbedit/index.htm
This Music Data Base is stored in the style file, and must not be mixed up with Music Finder Data,
which is stored in the keyboard. Read later in this document.
The MDB section has a chunk identifier; and a number of records.
To demonstrate, this is the MDB section in a 4 style file; which opened in a hex editor looks like
this:
TIP:
Read Hex Numbers at http://www.jososoft.dk/yamaha/articles/midi_11.htm for converting
between hexadecimal and decimal numbers.

© 2002-2024 http://www.jososoft.dk/yamaha Page 13 of 25

 Yamaha Keyboards - Programming 2024/01/01

Lets take a closer look at the section!

At position 12 in the first line comes the 4 byte chunk identifier = "FNRc"
Then the 4 byte length (red underlined) of the entire MDB chunk - not including the chunk
identifier and this 4 "length" bytes.
In this case: "00 00 01 6A" (hex) = (0 * 256 * 256 * 256) + (0 * 256 * 256) + (1 * 256) + 106 =
362 bytes.
Next is the record identifier "FNRP" (green underlined) and the length of the record (blue
underlined) - not including the record identifier and this 4 "length" bytes.
The record length is 4D (hex) = 77 (dec) bytes.
Then 3 bytes "0C 0B E1" (orange underlined) which defines the tempo calculated as:
Tempo = 60000000 / (1.byte * 256 * 256 + 2.byte * 256 + 3.byte)
In this case - when remembering to convert the hexadecimal values to decimal - the result is:
Tempo = 60000000 / (12 * 256 * 256 + 11 * 256 + 225) = 60000000 / 789473 = 76
Next 2 bytes "04 04" (black underlined) which defines the Time Signature. In this case 4/4 - no
calculations required...!
Next 8 bytes "4D 6E 61 6D 00 00 00 0F" (yellow underlined) which is the Music Name (Song Title)
identifier "Mnam" and the length of Music Name. In this case "0F" (hex) = 15 (dec)
Next the 15 bytes defining the song title = "As Time Goes By".
In a similar way comes
• Genre (identifier "Gnam") - violet underlined. The record reads: "All Time Hits"
• Keyword1 (identifier "Kwd1") - light green underlined. The record reads: "40,movie,sam"
• Keyword2 (identifier "Kwd2") - pink underlined. The record reads: ""
Notice that there is no data in Keyword2 (data length = 0).

© 2002-2024 http://www.jososoft.dk/yamaha Page 14 of 25

 Yamaha Keyboards - Programming 2024/01/01

1.5 Music Finder File Format

A Music Finder File (file extension: mfd) has a header; and a number of records.
To demonstrate, this test file is a single record Music Finder file; which opened in a hex editor looks
like this:

This file has only ONE record. If the file was a multi record file, the following records are added at
the end of this file.

The header is the first 36 bytes. Yamaha has used several formats, some keyboard specific and
some of the "NetCommon" type.
As the format has never been published the idea about this has never been fully revealed. However
most keyboards read Music Finder files with all headers.
The last two bytes in the header (index 34 and 35 in the first black square) are the total number of
records in the file. In this case this number = 1, which is written 00 01.
Now comes the record(s). Each record is 92 bytes long.
# of bytes Function In this file Marking
2 Two blanks 00 00 None
2 Record serial number (0-indexed) *) 00 00 Black square
2 Internal style number **) 1C 00 (= 7168 in dec.) Green underline
2 Time signature 03 04 (= 3/4 time) Red underline
2 Tempo 00 3E (= 62 in dec.) Blue underline
1 Fav, S1 and S2 ***) 00 Black square
32 Song title 41 6D 61... (Ama...) Yellow underline
16 Genre 52 26 42... (R&B...) Brown underline
32 Keywords 68 79 6D... (hym...) Gray underline
1 Intro/Next setting ****) 24 (= 36 in dec.) Black square
*) if there were a record more in the file, the serial number of this record would read 00 01
**) to get "Internal Style Number" please read here. Sorry there is no easier way!
***) "Fav" = Favorites (value = 1); "S1" = Search 1 (value = 2); and "S2" = Search 2 (value =
4). Values are added. E.g. value = 5 means: Favorites = Yes and Search 2 = Yes

© 2002-2024 http://www.jososoft.dk/yamaha Page 15 of 25

 Yamaha Keyboards - Programming 2024/01/01

****) "Intro" = Which intro will be played at start; "Next" = Which part will follow. Values are
added.
Intro values Next values
Off = 0 * 16 Off = 0
Intro 1 = 1 * 16 Intro 1 = 1
Intro 2 = 2 * 16 Intro 2 = 2
Intro 3 = 3 * 16 Intro 3 = 3
Main A = 4 * 16 Main A = 4
Main B = 5 * 16 Main B = 5
Main C = 6 * 16 Main C = 6
Main D = 7 * 16 Main D = 7
Ending A = 8 * 16 Ending A = 8
Ending B = 9 * 16 Ending B = 9
Ending C = 10 * 16 Ending C = 10
E.g. value = 24 (hex) = 36 (dec) = 2 * 16 + 4 means: Play "Intro 2" and continue with "Main A".
In the Music Finder File Manager software at
http://www.jososoft.dk/yamaha/software/mffm/index.htm the sample file will look like this:

Notice that the Internal Style Number is shown as <7168>. This means that the selected keyboard
model (PSR 1500 - see top line in image above) does not recognize the style defined in the Music
Finder record.

1.6 Multi Pad Format

A Multi Pad file is a format 1 MIDI file containing 5 tracks.
The Multi Pad file has resolution of 96 ticks at smaller/older keyboards (e.g. PSR 740); but Tyros
Multi Pads has a resolution of 1920.
The format differs slightly between models.

1.6.1 Tyros
The first track (Track 0) contains 10 MIDI Text events ALL placed at MIDI tick 0.
• 1. text event has a length of 6:
"CMxxxx", where xxxx corresponds to Chord Match value in Multi Pad 1, 2, 3, and 4.
Values for x are: 0 = No and 1 = Yes
• 2. text event has a length of 6:
"RPxxxx", where xxxx corresponds to Repeat value in Multi Pad 1, 2, 3, and 4.
Values for x are: 0 = No and 1 = Yes
• 3. - 6. text event has a length of 52:
This holds the Multi Pad name and number, e.g. "NyHipHop1 yxxxx...",
where y is the Multi Pad number, e.g. "N2HipHop1 2 ....". Rests of the 52 bytes are blanks.
• 7. - 10. text event has a length of 6:
This holds information about the image attached to the MultiPad.
E.g. "IyS375": "I" indicates image; "y" is the Multi Pad number; and "S375" is a reference to the
image.
The following tracks (Track 1 - 4) are normal MIDI tracks with a length of one measure.
• The tracks contain voice definitions and note events.
• In Track 1 channel 1 is used; in Track 2 channel 2 is used; and so on.

1.6.2 Other models

Save a Multi Pad from your keyboard to a file. Open this file in your sequencer software and study
the structure.
In Sonar (CakeWalk) you set the resolution in the Project Menu.
There is no "Loop" option when you record your PADs on the keyboard, but with Sonar (CakeWalk)
you can set "Loop" command for PADs:

© 2002-2024 http://www.jososoft.dk/yamaha Page 16 of 25

 Yamaha Keyboards - Programming 2024/01/01

• CM - means "Chord Match"

• RP - means "Repeat"
The numbers after them are "Flags":
• 0 - means "NO" for each of 4 PAD-buttons
• 1 - means "YES" for each of 4 PAD-buttons

1.7 Voice File Format

New voices can be obtained by modifying the voice samples in the keyboard - and for newer/bigger
models by loading new voice samples.
Modifying samples are done by creating a voice file (file extensions .vce, .liv, .swv, .clv, .cvn, .org,
.sar etc).
New samples are wav files, which have been loaded into the instrument (file extensions .TVN or
.UVN for the last instruments). This kind of voices are not further discussed in this article.

1.7.1 Selecting a voice sample

The voice files are edits of existing preset voices.
Select them from the Voice Selection screen as you would any other voice, after navigating to the
device (e.g. USB) that they are stored on.

1.7.2 Creating a voice sample

To create a Voice file do the following:
• Select a Voice for R1 or R2,
• You will see "Voice Set" at the bottom of the screen (on the S910 this is button 6)
• Adjust whatever sound parameters you wish
• Select "Save" (select the User drive or USB drive)
• Give your custom Voice a new name
• Complete the save operation

1.7.3 What is inside a voice sample

The voice file is actually a Standard MIDI File that stores information only, no sound/audio. Take a
look at the Event List to the right.
When editing, you adjust parameters. Take a look in your keyboard manual. There you will find
these parameters listed.

1.7.4 Computer programs for modifying voices

Edits can be done in the keyboard. But voice files can be created from any MIDI or style file; and
modified in software too.
Take a look at MIDI Player II at http://psrtutorial.com/MB/midiplayer.html and MixMaster. at
http://www.psrtutorial.com/MB/mixMaster.html Both are excellent programs written by Michael
Bedesem.

© 2002-2024 http://www.jososoft.dk/yamaha Page 17 of 25

 Yamaha Keyboards - Programming 2024/01/01

Notice:
For audition of voice modifications always use your keyboard. Hardly any computer sound card are
as good as your keyboard's sound card.

1.8 Yamaha File Extensions

This article describes the files extensions used by Yamaha keyboards.

1.8.1 Style Files - sty, pst, pcs, sst, prs, bcs, fps, scp, aus
Styles are the main component for music reproduction in arranger keyboards.
Style files holds MIDI data and some non-MIDI data. NB: "aus" styles are audio styles.
Style files had some years ago always sty file extension. Now a number of files extensions are
used: pst (pianist); pcs (piano combo); sst (session); prs (pro); bcs (basic); fps (free play) and
scp (dj style).
Beside the built-in styles additional style files can be loaded into most models. But due to some
changes in the style file format during the years, styles might need conversion for use in
smaller/older models.

1.8.2 Registration Files - rgt, reg

Registrations are saved snapshots of all active keyboard settings; e.g. style, instruments. This
makes it possible to set up your keyboard pressing one button.
Registrations are saved to files with rgt or reg file extension. "reg" is an old format.
For the Tyros models Yamaha has developed utilities for converting registrations from one model to
another.
More software tools for manipulation and conversion of registrations are available.

1.8.3 Voice Files - org, vce, liv, swv, clv, mgv, sar, sa2, ldr, drm, swv, nlv,
mgv, sfx, lsf, env, cvn/d, cwn/d, uvn/d/i, tvn/d/i, vv1, cv1, vli, t2e
There are two different ways of changing the voices: Modifying the built-in voices or loading new
voice samples.
The built-in voices can be modified, and may also work on other models. The new voice settings
are saved to a file. File extensions are org; vce; liv; swv; clv; mgv; sar; ldr; and drm. Data
format is MIDI.
When a built-in voice in the keyboard is loaded, the new settings are read and the voice is changed
accordingly.
The latest high end arrangers, the Genos and Tyros models, will load 'real' new voices in the
keyboard firmware. These voices are in files with cvn/cvd; uvn/uvd or tvn/tvd file extensions
("?vd" for drum kits); and these are not interchangeable between models.

1.8.4 Yamaha Expansion Packs (YEPs) - yep, ppi, ppf, cpi, cpf
A Yamaha Expansion Pack is a package which adds more content (voices and styles) to the
keyboard.
The voices and styles are merged into a file, having a yep or ppi extension.
Some YEPs contain Registrations and/or MultiPads too. These data are not included in the "yep/ppi"
file.

1.8.5 Music Finder Files - mfd

The Music Finder gives an easy way to select the style; tempo; and intro style part for songs.
The Music Finder holds a database of song records, where this information is stored.
Each model has a preset Music Finder database. The records in this database can be modified or
deleted; and new ones can be added.
Furthermore the database can be replaced with a new database file. The file extension is mfd.
Music Finder database are keyboard specific; but to some extent they can be used in 'close'
models. If not, software programs can be used edit the database on your PC.

© 2002-2024 http://www.jososoft.dk/yamaha Page 18 of 25

 Yamaha Keyboards - Programming 2024/01/01

1.8.6 MIDI and Audio Files - mid, wav, mp3

All Yamaha keyboards will read MIDI files - file extension mid. MIDI files holds data - 'the music
recipe' - to the sound generator; but no 'music'.
This must not be confused with audio files - file extensions wav and mp3. This later holds 'music'
and is read only by high end arrangers.

1.8.7 Multipad Files - pad, pd2

As an extra spice to your performances one of the built-in multipads can be added.
Besides this you can load additional multipads and get even more and new "spices".
Multipad files have a pad or pd2 file extension. "pad" is a file in MIDI format, while "pd2" is an
audio file link.
"pad" files can be created and edited in MIDI sequencer software.
Multipad files can be transferred from one keyboard to another; and you can replace the multipad
in a style with another and save this.

1.8.8 License files - n25, n26, n27

License key for importing additional files.

1.8.9 Play List Files – tsv

Genos introduced the Play List as a new format to replace the Music Finder; but basically the same
features.

The file format is "Tabulator Seperated Values", which make the files editable in Microsoft Excel
software.

1.8.10 Misc. files - usr, bup

usr = User data files
bup = Backup files (PSR E-models)
prg = Firmware Update File
msu = MIDI Setup File (System Reset Display)
ssu = System Setup File (System Reset Display)

1.8.11 Outdated files - ots, vic, eff

Files with an ots extension are 'One Touch Setting' files for PSR 9000 only. Later models use OTS
data integrated in the style file.
Files with a vic extension are PSR 9000 voice data files.
Files with an eff extension are PSR 9000 effect data files.

1.9 Yamaha Internal Data

When developing software for Yamaha keyboards (or anything else...) you will need information
about internal data; and the format of these.
Yamaha uses a lot of internal data formats; and only documents and publishes very few. Mainly
only the MIDI related data.
This means that I have to spend many hours of revealing the internal data; and where and how
this information is stored in files. In front of a particular keyboard.
Luckily a number of volunteers - having a diversity of keyboards at their disposal - have helped me
in this tedious job. But still some data remains to be revealed.
This page describes how you can assist me in updating my software programs for use in YOUR
keyboard model.
I need Multi Pad numbers; Harmony/Arpeggio numbers; and Style numbers for various models.

1.9.1 Multi Pad Numbers

For use in OTS Editor at http://www.jososoft.dk/yamaha/software/otseditor/index.htm and OTS
Viewer at http://www.jososoft.dk/yamaha/software/otsviewer/index.htm software programs I miss
the internal Multi Pad Numbers for Genos; PSR SX900; PSR SX700; PSR SX600; PSR S975; PSR

© 2002-2024 http://www.jososoft.dk/yamaha Page 19 of 25

 Yamaha Keyboards - Programming 2024/01/01

S775; PSR S670; PSR A5000; PSR A3000; PSR A2000; PSR A350; and PSR OR700 keyboards.
(Note: The internal Multi Pad Numbers are not the numbers in the manual.)
To get the internal numbers, go to the MultiPad data page in your Manual. You will see something
like:

1. Now open a style (any will do)

2. Select One Touch Setting 1
3. Change the MultiPad to MultiPad number 1 in the manual data sheet (e.g. E.Gtr16BtCut1)
4. Select One Touch Setting 2
5. Change the MultiPad to MultiPad number 2 in the manual data sheet (e.g. E.Gtr16BtCut2)
6. Select One Touch Setting 3
7. Change the MultiPad to MultiPad number 3 in the manual data sheet (e.g. E.Gtr16BtCut3)
8. Select One Touch Setting 4
9. Change the MultiPad to MultiPad number 4 in the manual data sheet (e.g. FunkyGtr16Bt1)
10. Save the style as a user style as mp1-4.sty
11. Now repeat this sequence; but Change the MultiPad to MultiPad no 5, 6, 7 and 8
12. Save the style as a user style as mp5-8.sty
13. Now repeat this sequence; but Change the MultiPad to MultiPad no 9, 10, 11 and 12
14. Save the style as a user style as mp9-12.sty
15. etc.
16. Mail all the saved user styles to me. Find my address in the top right corner of this page.
17. I will now be able to extract the internal MultiPad numbers for all MultiPads.

1.9.2 Harmony/Arpeggio Numbers

For use in OTS Editor at http://www.jososoft.dk/yamaha/software/otseditor/index.htm software
program I miss the internal Harmony/Arpeggio Numbers for Genos; PSR A5000; PSR A3000; CVP
809/805/709/705/701. (Note: The internal numbers are not the order numbers in the manual.)
To get the internal numbers, go to the Harmony/Arpeggio data page in your Manual. You will see
something like:

© 2002-2024 http://www.jososoft.dk/yamaha Page 20 of 25

 Yamaha Keyboards - Programming 2024/01/01

1. Now open a style (any will do)

2. Select One Touch Setting 1
3. Change the Harmony to Harmony number 1 in the manual data sheet (e.g. Standard Duet)
4. Select One Touch Setting 2
5. Change the Harmony to Harmony number 2 in the manual data sheet (e.g. Standard Trio)
6. Select One Touch Setting 3
7. Change the Harmony to Harmony number 3 in the manual data sheet (e.g. Full Chord)
8. Select One Touch Setting 4
9. Change the Harmony to Harmony number 4 in the manual data sheet (e.g. Rock Duet)
10. Save the style as a user style as ha1-4.sty
11. Now repeat this sequence; but Change the Harmony to Harmony no 5, 6, 7 and 8
12. Save the style as a user style as ha5-8.sty
13. Now repeat this sequence; but Change the Harmony to Harmony no 9, 10, 11 and 12
14. Save the style as a user style as ha9-12.sty
15. etc.
16. Mail all the saved user styles to me. Find my address in the top right corner of this page.
17. I will now be able to extract the internal Harmony/Arpeggio numbers for all Harmony/Arpeggio.

1.9.3 Style Numbers

For use in Music Finder File Manager at http://www.jososoft.dk/yamaha/software/mffm/index.htm
software program I miss the internal Style Numbers for CVP 809; CVP 805; CVP 601; PSR A5000;
PSR A3000; PSR A2000; PSR OR700; PSR S650; PSR S550; and PSR 550 keyboards. (Note: The
internal Style Numbers are not the numbers in the manual.)
To get the internal numbers, go to the Style data page in your Manual. You will see something like:

© 2002-2024 http://www.jososoft.dk/yamaha Page 21 of 25

 Yamaha Keyboards - Programming 2024/01/01

1. Now create a new Music Finder file

2. Add an entry in the Music Finder using the first style in the manual style list (e.g. BritRockPop)
3. Name the entry (Song Title) the same as the style (e.g. BritRockPop)
4. Add a new entry in the Music Finder using the second style in the manual style list (e.g.
AcousticRock)
5. Name the entry (Song Title) the same as the style (e.g. AcousticRock)
6. Add another new entry in the Music Finder using the third style in the manual style list (e.g.
IndieRock)
7. Name the entry (Song Title) the same as the style (e.g. IndieRock)
8. etc.
9. Mail the Music Finder file to me. Find my address in the top right corner of this page.
10. I will now be able to extract the internal Style numbers for all styles.

1.10 HP_MIDIFILE.dll in C# and VB.Net

The HP_MIDIFILE.dll file file at
http://www.heikoplate.de/hpm/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=530&Itemid=68
from Heiko Plate - originally written for MIDI manipulation in C++ coded software programs - can
be utilized in C# and VB.Net software programs as well. Two code samples are shown below.
For more information about the functions etc. in HP_MIDIFILE.dll please read the documentation
from Heiko Plate.
The method is explained with a sample program that converts a MIDI type 1 file
(c:\temp\test1.mid) to a MIDI type 0 file (c:\temp\new1.mid).
The sample programs consists of one form that has one command button called button1. The file
HP_midifile.dll is located in the same folder as the programs.
The method used here is to declare the names of dll functions that will be needed in the programs
using the internal identifications of the library. These "decorated names" are listed in the map-file
HP_midifile.map.
The functions often refer to arguments such as HP_SMF0. The values expected by the dll are
defined in the header file HP_midifile.h. For example the line
#define HP_SMF0 0 /* Standard MIDI file-format 0 */
means passing a "0" signifies a type 0 MIDI file.

1.10.1 C# sample code for Form1

// all code for imports, UI etc.
// generated by the designer is omitted

using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

namespace HP_test
{
public class Form1 : System.Windows.Forms.Form
{

[DllImport("HP_midifile.dll",
EntryPoint="?HP_Init@@YAPAVMIDIFile@@XZ")]
public static extern int HP_Init();

[DllImport("HP_midifile.dll",
EntryPoint="?HP_Load@@YAIPAVMIDIFile@@PBD@Z")]
public static extern int HP_Load(int i, String s);

[DllImport("HP_midifile.dll",
EntryPoint="?HP_Save@@YAIPAVMIDIFile@@PBDH@Z")]
public static extern int HP_Save(int i, String s, int x);

[DllImport("HP_midifile.dll",

© 2002-2024 http://www.jososoft.dk/yamaha Page 22 of 25

 Yamaha Keyboards - Programming 2024/01/01

EntryPoint="?HP_Free@@YAIPAVMIDIFile@@@Z")]
public static extern int HP_Free(int i);

private void button1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)

{
int smf0 = 0;
int hp_err_none = 0;
int mf = HP_Init();
if (mf == 0)
{
// do some error handling here
}
int result = HP_Load(mf, "c:\\temp\\test1.mid");
if (result != hp_err_none)
{
// do some error handling here
}
result = HP_Save(mf, "c:\\temp\\new1.mid", smf0);
if (result != hp_err_none)
{
// do some error handling here
}
result = HP_Free(mf);
if (result != hp_err_none)
{
// do some error handling here
}
}
}
}

Due to a 64 bit vs. 32 bit conflict open "Projects" -> "Properties" window in Visual Studio and set
the Target CPU as x86. You will get some warnings while compiling!

1.10.2 VB.Net sample code for Form1

' all code for imports, UI etc.
' generated by the designer is omitted

Imports System.Runtime.InteropServices

Public Class Form1 Inherits System.Windows.Forms.Form

Private Declare Function HP_Init Lib _

"HP_midifile.dll" _

© 2002-2024 http://www.jososoft.dk/yamaha Page 23 of 25

 Yamaha Keyboards - Programming 2024/01/01

Alias "?HP_Init@@YAPAVMIDIFile@@XZ" () As Integer

Private Declare Function HP_Load Lib _

"HP_midifile.dll" _
Alias "?HP_Load@@YAIPAVMIDIFile@@PBD@Z" (ByVal i As _
Integer, ByVal s As String) As Integer

Private Declare Function HP_Save Lib _

"HP_midifile.dll" _
Alias "?HP_Save@@YAIPAVMIDIFile@@PBDH@Z" (ByVal i As _
Integer, ByVal s As String, ByVal x As Integer) As Integer

Private Declare Function HP_Free Lib _

"HP_midifile.dll" _
Alias "?HP_Free@@YAIPAVMIDIFile@@@Z" (ByVal i As Integer) _
As Integer

Private Sub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _

ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click

Dim smf0 As Integer = 0

Dim HP_ERR_NONE As Integer = 0
Dim mf As Integer = HP_Init()
If mf = 0 Then
' do some error handling here
End If
Dim result As Integer = HP_Load(mf, "c:\temp\test1.mid")
If Not result = HP_ERR_NONE Then
' do some error handling here
End If
result = HP_Save(mf, "c:\temp\new1.mid", smf0)
If Not result = HP_ERR_NONE Then
' do some error handling here
End If
result = HP_Free(mf)
If Not result = HP_ERR_NONE Then
' do some error handling here
End If
End Sub

End Class

Due to a 64 bit vs. 32 bit conflict open "Projects" -> "Properties" window in Visual Studio and set
the Target CPU as x86. You will get some warnings while compiling!

© 2002-2024 http://www.jososoft.dk/yamaha Page 24 of 25

 Yamaha Keyboards - Programming 2024/01/01

© 2002-2024 http://www.jososoft.dk/yamaha Page 25 of 25