-1-

Safety course
1.) WHAT IS METHOD OF STATEMENT?

It is the documents submitted by contractor to

client, covering the general work procedure of a
particular job in safe manners as per required standard.

2.) WHAT IS THE USE OF WMS?

We can plan and execute the work easily and

safely, it also helps to know the codes and standards
used for each activity.

3.) WHAT IS JSA AND ITS USE?

Job safety analysis is the step by step analysis of a job to

determine the safe working procedures
It includes the following steps.
a.) Watch the job being done
b.) Break the job down into steps
c.) Described the hazards in each step of task
d.) Identity the desired controls measures and
 -2-

e.) Implement these counter measures in the job

executions.

4.) WHAT IS WORK PERMIT?

is a written document authorizing a person or a

group to perform maintenance, inspections or
construction work.

5) HOW MANY TYPE OF PERMITS ARE USED?

v Hot work permit,

v Cold work permit,
v Confined space entry permit,
v Excavation permit,
v Lifting permit,
v Night work permit,
v Radiography permit,
Other permits as per job requirement.

6). What is Safety?

v Safety is a state where the Risk has been Eliminated

or Reduced to an Acceptable Level.
 -3-

v Control of Accidental Loss of Resources Human and

Material

7). What is near-miss?

An undesirable event which has the potential to cause

loss

8). WHAT IS CONFINED SPACE?

Any space having a limited means of access and egress,

when subject to the hazards like deficiency of Oxygen,
toxic or flammable gases or substances, dust etc.

9). WHAT IS THE OXYGEN LEVEL IN A CONFINED

SPACE?

The Oxygen level in Confined space is 19.5% to 23.5%.

10). IN WHAT CIRCUMTANCES A CONFINED

SPACE WORK PERMIT CAN BE ISSUED?

If properly ventilated, gas test reading are

satisfactory, properly barricaded and warning signs are
 -4-

Posted, trained stand by man is present with log sheet,

sufficient lightening and low voltage Electricity (24V-
110V), proper means of communication, locked and
tagged out if necessary, lifeline man retrieval System if
necessary etc.

11). WHO IS CONFINED SPACE ATTENNDANT?

He is one who is aware of the confined space

hazards and knows how to react if any thing goes wrong,
able to maintain confined space entry log sheet etc.

12). WHAT ARE THE HAZARDS IN A CONFINED

SPACE ?

Oxygen Deficiency or Enrichment, presence of

toxic or flammable gases, chemical hazards fire hazards
Fall of materials fall hazards electrocution dust
sounds heat or cold caught in between moving
Equipments engulfment etc.

13). WHAT ARE THE DUTIES OF A CONFINED

SPACE ATTENDANT ?

He is responsible for the safety of entrants, should be

present whenever people are working in confined space,
 -5-

maintain update entry log sheet, maintain continuous

communication with entrants and monitor conditions in
the confined space to ensure a safe working atmosphere,
prevent unauthorized personnel, initiate alarm for help if
in need evacuate the entrants if conditions are not
satisfying or in case of any general evacuation initiated
contact rescue personnel if necessary etc.

14). GIVE SOME EXAMPLE OF A CONFINED

SPACE?

Pipes, Vessels, Tanks, boilers, and Tube areas

Silos Trenches and excavation deeper then 4feet sludge
Pits Duct works etc.

15). NAME ONE HAZARDOUS JOB IN A CONFINED

SPACE?

Welding Grinding Chemical Use of gas cutting

sets erection of materials

16). WHO IS COMPETENT PERSONS?

Is one who is properly trained and authorized to perform

a specific work in a safe manner competent person one
who is capable of identifying existing predictable
 -6-

hazards and who has authority to make prompt

corrective actions.

17). WHAT IS ACCIDENT?

Accident is uncontrolled events that results in
undesirable consequences to personnel injury, illness of
the assets damage or loss or to the environment.
An Undesirable event which causes harm to personal
Damage to property.

18). WHAT IS A NEARMISS?

A Potential hazards, which has not yet caused an

accident or an occurrence that did not results in but
have the potentials to results in undesirable
consequences to personnel illness injury and or to the
assets damage loss or to the neighboring community and
environment.
An Undesirable event which has the potential
to cause loss.

19). WHO MAKES AN ACCIDENT REPORT?

Concerned area supervisor or site safety

representatives.
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20). WHO MAKES AN ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION

REPORT?

A team of frontline supervisor, HSE manager sub

contractor representatives if subcontractor personnel
Are injured high officials depending upon the severity of
accident.

21). WHAT IS THE USED OF ACCIDENT REPORT?

To find out the root cause of accident makes

recommendations to prevent re-occurrence and evaluate
the effectiveness of emergency response.

22). WHAT IS WASTE MANAGEMENT?

Waste management means safely disposing the by-

product of a process or a work to the environment after
the proper treatment if necessary so that no threat for
living properties and environment exists.

23). WHAT IS MSDS?

Materials safety data sheets is the documents prepared

by the manufacturer giving product name producer
address emergency contact phone number
 -8-

information of ingredients possible hazards first aid

measures precaution to be taken for storage and
handling recommended PPE extinguisher physical and
chemical properties etc.

24). WHAT IS ISOTOPE?

Isotope means one or more species of atoms having

same atomic number but different mass number.

25). WHY IS ISOTOPE IS HAXARDOUS?

Isotope are hazardous because it emits uncontrolled

energy in the form of radio active waves which is
hazardous to all living things as it can destroy the living
tissues that causes fatality or can convert it to cancer.

26). WHAT IS RADIOGRAPHI?

It is use for welding X-rays.

(If the wind velocity is up the 32 km or 20 miles
then work should stop.)

27). WHAT IS RADIOACTIVITY?

 -9-

Radioactivity is the spontaneous disintegration of atomic

nucleus emits ALPHA particles BETA particles or GAMA
rays or electromagnetic rays during this process.

28). WHAT IS THE UNIT FOR MEASURING THE

RADIATIONS?

Micro sever or Mille Rem.

29). IN WHAT CONDITIONS A WORK PERMITS

CAN BE ISSUED FOR RADIOGRAPHY?

The controlled area is calculated evacuated and

barricaded with yellow black tapes warning signs a
minimum of 4 no. and red or yellow flash lights.

30). WHAT ARE SAFETY MEASURES TO BE TAKEN

WHILE DOING RADOIGRAPHY?

Ensure a competent person is surveying outside the

barricaded areas with surveys meters. The crews are
observing and following the safety precautions. The
controlled areas is calculated evacuated and barricaded
with yellow black warning signs a minimum of 4no.s
and red or yellow flash lights.
 -10-

31). WHAT IS THE CONTROLLED AREA?

Any area where the radiations dose is more that

0.75 MREM/h (7.5 Micro sever)

32). WHAT IS A GIEGER METER?

Is the instruments used to measure the

radiations dose (Radiation Survey Meter)

33). WHAT IS THE USED OF FILM NADGE?

This badge is worn by the personnel who are exposed to

radiation due their nature of duty and this is processed
to calculate the received radiation dose of a person
during the period normally 1 month of exposure.

34). WHAT IS DECAY CHART ?

Is the chart showing the change in the

radioactivity of an Isotope by losing mass by decay in
certain period at regular interval of time.

35) WHO IS AN AUTHORIZED EXPOSE PERSON?

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He is one who got formal training in the use of sealed

source and X-RAY equipment used in industry
radiography.

36) WHAT ARE THE REQUIRMENTS OF A MAN

BASKET?

It should be designed and fabricated according to

standards have party certificates two guide ropes
damage free lifting gears the load bearing capacity
should be written on man basket shackles with cotter pin
only to be used.

37) HOW SLINGS ARE INSPECTED?

All slings must be inspected before every use and

periodically it should be inspected thoroughly and shall
be rejected if found were one third of the original
outside the diameter of outside individual wires serves
corrosion distortion linking crushing bird caging broken
wires.

38) THE TYPES OF CRANES?

v Mobile Crane
v Crawler Crane
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v Tower Crane
v Over Head Crane

39) THE PARTS OFCRANE?

Boom,Slings,Shackie,Flyingjib,Antitwoblock,Outerrigger,
Mainhoist,Auxillaryhoist,Pulley,Webslings,LMI(Load
Movement Indicator).

40) WHAT ARE THE REQUIRMENTS OF A CRANE

LIFTING?

Crane positions on firm and level ground with wood pads

and steel plates. Outriggers are fully extended tires are
off the ground. Certified operator and rigger are
available safe load indicator is working the check list
filled by competent persons.

41) WHAT IS WORK RADIUS?

Is the maximum distance where a certain

activities for lifting or rigging jobs in progress.

42) WHAT IS SWL?

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Safe Working Load is the maximum load that can

apply to the lifting tool, safely

43) WHAT IS LIFTING PLAN?

Is the documents prepare for planning a critical lift by

calculating and considering all factors which is going to
effect the lift and there by selecting the correct tools and
cranes and ensure the safe lifting procedure to be
followed for the particular lift, which is used for lifting
and what the safe factor is, where the load is lifted,
where it is fitted, size and SWL of each lifting tool used
JSA and load-chart are attached with it.

44) WHAT IS TANDUM LIFT?

A lift in wich two crane are used for Lifting is

called Tandum Lifting.

45) What is excavation?

A man made cut, cavity, trench or depression

formed by earth removal.

46) What is trench?

 -14-

A narrow excavation, where the depth is greater

than width

47) What is shoring?

A structure that supports the sides of an excavation and

protects against cave-ins.

48) What is different between a flash back arrestor

and a check valve?

A check valve allows flow in one direction only. This

prevents oxygen reaching acetylene cylinder and
acetylene reaching oxygen cylinder in the event of
blockage in the torch or line or pressure variations.
But a flash back arrestor prevents reverse flow; stop the
flow of flame from reaching the cylinder in the event of a
flash back or the temperature exceeds a limit (220
degrees f.)

49) How many type of Fall Protection system?

(1) Guardrail system,

(2) Safety Net system.
(3)Personal Fall arrest system (BODY HARNESS)
 -15-

50) What is the classis of fire and what type of fire

extinguishers are used for them?

Class A. Ordinary combustible materials

Example: Wood, Cloth, Plastic, Rubber
Extinguisher- Water, DCP, Foam, CO2, Halon

Class B. Combustible liquids and gases.

Example: Gasoline, Diesel, Oil, Grease, Oil based
paint, tar…
Extinguisher- CO2, Foam, DCP

Class C. Energized electrical equipment

Extinguisher - DCP, FM 200, Halon, Carbon
dioxide.

Class D: Combustible metals

Example: Magnesium, Potassium, Zinc, Calcium,
Titanium
Extinguisher- Metal x-type, Combustatible metal
type

51) What is the responsibility of Fire Watch?

 -16-

Fire watch is the person design to identify and eliminate

fire hazards, alert and extinguish fire incase of any out
break of fire and to protect the person and properties
from a fire. He is the man to reach first in case of fire by
keeping a close watch on such hazardous areas.

52) What is color coding system?

This system followed to inspect and insure the

serviceability of tools, equipments periodically ( normally
it is monthly ) like fire extinguishers, full body harness,
lifting gears, electrical codes and power tools, etc. These
things are inspected by competent person and are
indicated by putting the color of particular month (this
color is decided in advance and is being followed by all
people at particular site). The items which are found
defective or unserviceable will not be color coded and
has to be removed from service.

53) Who can color code?

Competent person

54) What is the maximum distance between two

adjacent accesses in a long excavation?
 -17-

A ladder must be present within 25feet, of employees

working in excavation.
In open excavation – At least every 30m on the
perimeter, if less than 1.2m deep
- At every 7.5m on the perimeter, if more than
1.2m deep

55) When is an excavation considered as a confined

space?

If depth is more than 1.2m

56) Who can erect scaffolding?

Certified scaffold

57) Who can inspect the components used for

erecting a scaffold?

A competent and certified scaffolding supervisor

58) What is tag system?

 -18-

A tag system is put on scaffolding, by a competent

person, indicating the present condition whether it can
be used and whether fall protection needed or not.
Red tag – Do not use (is being erected or dismantled)
Yellow tag – Can use with 100% fall protection (is
incomplete or cannot be completed)
Green tag – Safe to use (scaffolding is complete)

59) Who can place a scaffold tag?

Competent person (scaffolding supervisor)

60) What are the details in a scaffold tag?

Location, Maximum loading capacity (kN/m2 or psf),

Date erected and date inspected with foreman’s name
and signature.

61) In which condition a scaffold cannot be

erected?

Extreme weather (strong wind, rain, ice), ground not

stable, safe clearance (minimum 10 feet) can’t be
maintained with live wire, certified workers and
supervisor are not available, permit not available.
 -19-

62) What is the minimum overlapping of two

adjacent planks in a platform?

Not less than 12 inches

63) What is a guard rail system?

A barrier consisting of top rail and med rails, toe board

and vertical up right erected to prevent men and
materials falling from an elevated work area.

64) What is a toe board?

Barrier secured along the sides and ends of a platform to

guard falling of materials, tools, and other objects.

65) What is the minimum height of a toe-board?

Minimum 4 inches

66) What is the height of the top-rail from the

platform?
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38 inches to 45 inches

67) What are the requirements in placing an access

ladder on a scaffold ?

Provide access when scaffold platforms are more than 2

feet above or below a point of access.
When using ladders, bottom rung must not be more than
24 inches high. Ladder to be at the correct angle (i.e.
Feet out for every 4 feet in height) Ladders are to be tied
at both sides not by the rungs. Make sure the ladder
extends a safe distance (at least 90cm) above the landing
stage. When the horizontal travel distance exceeds 15
meters provide at least two accesses. If the platform is
longer, access shall be provided at every 30 meters. The
ladder should be free from damage and should be color
coded. All access ladders must be tagged.

68) In what circumstances fall protection system

has to be used?

If the person could fall more than 1.8 meter then a fall
protection system should be used.
Example- Any activity at an elevation more than 1.8
meter such as erection, dismantling or maintenance of
scaffolding pipes, equipments.
 -21-

69) What is the minimum width required for a

walk-way?

Minimum width of a walk-way is 18 inches.

70) What material’s can be placed on a scaffold

platform?

All types of construction materials which are used for

particular construction activity can be kept on
scaffolding platform but before keeping the materials
and tools required for the work on the platform, we must
ensure load bearing capacity of that scaffolding platform.
The platform shall not be overloaded and shall be fitted
with object protection system like toe board nets etc.

71) What are the requirements for working on a

moving scaffold?

Mobile scaffolding shall be plumb, level and square. It

shall be moved only by manually pushing or pulling the
base. No men, equipment, or materials shall be on the
working platform or elsewhere on the scaffolding while it
is in motion. Castors shall be locked at all times except
during scaffold movement. The temporary foundation or
truck set on uneven ground for scaffold movement shall
be level and properly secured. The height of the working
platform shall not exceed 4 times of the minimum base
 -22-

dimension, if it exceeds this limit outriggers must be

installed. A complete guard rail system must be
provided. The scaffolding shall be inspected and tagged
before use by a competent person.

72) When should we inspect scaffold?

Scaffolding shall be inspected and tagged after

completing erection. Also before each work period or
where they are altered, adjusted to rain or heavy winds.
Thereafter the scaffolding shall be examined at least
once in every seven days.
73) What is the angle to fixed the Ladder?

The angle of Ladder is 75deg or ¼.

74) What is the space between the two ladder

Rungs?

The gape or space is 12inch or 30cm.

75) With what color a ladder can be painted?

Aluminum ladders and wooden ladders shall not be

painted.
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76) What is a life-line?

Life line is component that consists of a flexible line that
connects to an anchorage at one end to hang vertically
or that connects to anchorages at both ends to stretch
horizontally and which serves
as a method to connect component of a personnel fall
arrest system to the anchorage.
77) How can we calculate the safe anchorage of a
life-line?

When life is used they shall be fastened to fixed safe

points of anchorage capable of supporting 2300 kilos
shall be independent, and shall be protected from sharp
edges and abrasion. Safe anchorage points may include
structural members (minimum 4 inches structural
member or 4inces pipes) but do not include guard rails,
vents, other small dia piping system, electrical conduit,
outrigger beams or counter weights. It shall be made
from 10mm dia wire ropes. Horizontal lifelines shall be
installed at the highest feasible point, preferable above
shoulder height. This life lines shall be maintained with
unloaded sag at the centre no longer than 30cm
(12inches) for every 10meters of life line length between
attachment points.

78) What is lock-out/tag-out system?

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For servicing or maintenance of live equipments or pipe

lines where the unexpected energizing or release of
energy could cause of injury, lock and tag are place on
the isolating device to avoid uncontrolled operation and
give details of the lock-out schedule.

79) Abbreviation use for safety?

STARRT - Safety Task and Risk Reduction Talk

COSHH - Control of Substance Hazardous to Health
OSHA - Occupational Safety and Health
Administration
CFR - Court of Federal Regulation
OHSAS - Occupational Health and Safety
Assessment Series
ELCB - Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker
GFCI - Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter
BSI - British Standard Institute
SWL - Safe Working Load
ANSI - American National Standard Institute
LTI - Lost Time Incident
LMI - Load Movement Indicater
MSDS - Material Safety Data Sheet
TWA - Time Wated Average
 -25-

STEL - Short Term Exposure Limit

ERP - Emergency Response Plan
ASTM - American Society for Testing and Material
JSA - Job Safety Analysis
LEL - Lower Explosive Limit
UEL - Upper Explosive Limit
PEL - Permissible Explosive Limit
REL - Recommended Exposure Limit
PSI - Pound per Square Inches (1 bar = 14.7 psi)
STEL - Short Term Exposure Limit
WBGT - Wet Bulb Globe Temperature
APR - Air Purifying Respirator
ASR - Air Supplying Respirator
SCBA - Self Contained Breathing Apparatus
RSO - Radiation Safety Officer
NFPA - National Fire Protection

80) What is the importance of a tool-box meeting?

The workers can be educated about safe work rules and

procedures, and their awareness can be improved on
some task.
 -26-

81) What is an Emergency Evacuation Plan?

It is the procedure to provide concise guidelines for

evacuation in case of some emergencies and to identify
the emergencies in advance. This also helps us to plan
and to define roles and responsibilities of all building
custodian, fire wardens and occupants.

82) What is a hydro-test?

It is the test carried out for leak test for pipes,

equipments etc, by filling water in these equipments and
pipes with some pressure and its joints and connections
are checked for ant leak or breakage.

83) What is a hypo-test?

It is the insulation leakage test done for high electrical

cables, with high voltage merger.

84) What are the safety requirements for doing a

hot work?

Remove all combustible materials from the area (with in

10m), if possible.
 -27-

Use fire blanket to protect immovable combustible

materials and also for welding slugs.
Cover the area with fire blanket for containment of
sparks generated while doing hot work.
Provide proper fire extinguisher in sufficient numbers.
Appoint a fire-watch with red jacket, if necessary.
Barricade the area and post proper signage.
Use of proper PPE and damage free
Conduct gas test if presence of combustible gases
expected prior to work.

85) What are the benefits of near-miss reporting?

To make analysis of the incident, in order to avoid re-

occurrence.
To rectify the cause of those near misses before it turns
into accidents.
To identify the deficiencies of site safety performances
and find remedial actions.
To improve safety performances by reducing LTA’s
incidents and near misses.

86) What is a risk assessment?

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Risk assessment is a method of estimating the rate of

risk of an activity, by classifying actual and potential
consequence and finding out mitigation actions to limit
that risk.

87) In what situation “ear protection is needed”?

In the areas, where sound pollution is more than 85 dBA

88) What is the emergency evacuation procedure to

follow in the event of a gas release?

Don’t get panic on hearing alarm

Observe the direction of wind flow, proceed out in the
cross wind direction to the plant boundary fence and
then proceed up wind.
Obey further instructions from emergency response
team.
Resume work after getting clearance only.

89) What is an “Assembly Muster Point “?

The area determined and marked, for assemble of people

working the area in case of any emergency.
 -29-

90) What is meant by “Head counting”? What is the

purpose?

On hearing emergency alarm, all people have to

assemble in “Assembly Muster Point”.
There area supervisor will call his workers with
attendance sheet and confirm that nobody is trapped in
the site. This procedure is called head counting. Its
purpose is to ensure all workers are present in the
assembly area, they are safely evacuated and identify the
person if anybody is trapped and take necessary actions
to rescue these trapped workers.

91) What is heat stroke? What are the different

stage through which a person undergoes before he
gets heat stroke?

During hot days, due to dehydration, body temperature

increases beyond safe limit, because of break down of
body’s heat regulating mechanism. Due to this the
person collapses and if not taken care off he can even
die. This is called heat stroke.
Generally pulse raises 20 beats per minute for each 1
degree C rise in temperature, heat cramps: Exercising in
hot weather can lead to muscle cramps, because of brief
imbalances in body salt.
 -30-

Heat exhaustion: further losing of fluid and salt can lead

to dizziness and weakness body temperature may rise up
to 102 degree F.
Heat stroke: In some cases, extreme heat can upset
body’s thermostat, causing body temperature to rise to
105 degree F. or higher. Symptoms are lethargy,
confusion and unconsciousness, heat stroke can kill.

92) How is the soil classified? What is the slope to

be given for each type of soil while excavating?

The following is a short explanation of soil

classifications. You should check the standard for
detailed information regarding classifying soils

.Type A soils

v Cohesive soils that have an unconfined compressive

strength of 1.5 tsf or greater.
v E.g., clay, salty clay, sandy clay & clay loam
Type A soils cannot have or be subjected to the
following:
v Fissures
v Subjection to vibration from traffic, pile driving or
similar conditions
v Been previously disturbed
 -31-

v Or if it has been subjected to other factors that would

change it’s classification

Type B soils

v Cohesive soils that have an unconfined compressive

strength greater than 0.5 tsf but less than 1.5tsf
v E.g., angular gravel, silt, silt loam, sandy loam and
previously disrobed soils except those which would be
classified as Type C soil
v Also includes soils that meet some of the requirements
of Type A soils but is fissured or subject to vibration; or
dry rock that is not stable.

Type C soils

v Cohesive soils with an unconfined compressive

strength of 0.5tsf or less
v E.g. granular soils including gravel, sand and loamy
sand
v Also submerged soil or soil from which water is freely
seeping or submerged rock that is not stable
Stable rock
v A natural solid mineral material that can be excavated
with vertical sides and will remain intact while exposed.
Maximum allowable slopes
 -32-

v Stable rock: vertical (90degrees)

v Type A: ¾ :1 (53degrees)
v Type B 1:1 (45degreed)
v Type C : 1 ½ : 1 (34degrees)
v ½ : 1 (63 degrees ) slope is allowed for only short term
excavations that are 12feet deep or le

93) What are the precautions to be taken while

handling and storing compressed cylinders?

1) Where cylinders are to be kept for an appreciable

length of time should be provided to ensure that they
cause no hazard to workers or public in the area.
2) Cylinders should be stored in a well ventilated
area-preferable in open air but protected from the
weather.
3) The store should be away from fire risks and
source of heat and ignition. Nothing else should be
stored in the area.
4) The cylinders should be stored upright on a firm
level, well drained surface free from hollows and
cavities. All long grass, weeds etc. should be removed.
5) Cylinders should be secured so as they are
prevented from falling over, when in storage or use.
6) Cylinders should be segregated within the store
according to type and weather full or empty.
 -33-

7) Oxygen and oxidizing gases should be separated

flammable gases by 6m or by a fire resistant partition.
8) No electrical apparatus should be installed within a
cylinder store unless it is constructed to a suitable
standard for the hazard.
9) No cylinder should be used in a storage area.
10) Appropriate warning signs “HIGHLY
FLAMMABLE”. NO SMOKING”, “FULL/EMPTY” etc.
should be displayed.
11) Suitable fire fighting apparatus should be situated
adjacent to the store. Typically dry powder fire
extinguishers. These should be inspected and maintained
at intervals not exceeding 1 year.

12) Where cylinders area required to be stored in a

compound this should be located not less than 3 meters
from any building, site or public access road. The
compound fence should be a minimum of 2 meters high,
and it should have two means of escape, with the gates
opening outwards.
13) Where it is necessary to take precautions vandalism
or theft, suitable protection cages should be used.
14) Each cylinder should be adequate marked to
include the manufacturer’s mark and serial number,
together with an indication of the specification to which
the cylinder is constructed and its years of manufacture.
A date of test and pressure test, together with weight of
cylinder and the name of the product, should be
displayed.
 -34-

15)When gas cylinders are to be transported they should

be protected from physical damage and the
consequences of any leaks that may occur minimized
16)Move cylinders by hand in proper cylinder trolleys
where the cylinder is secured in the trolley.
17)Take great care when lifting cylinders as they can be
very heavy and awkward to handle.
18)Before moving any cylinders remove all attached
equipment including regulators and safety cap
must be provided.
19)The cylinders should be properly supported and
secures within the vehicle so they cannot move
during the journey. They should be totally within the
vehicle and protected from impact.
20)The cylinders should be checked to ensure that the
valves are closed and there are no leaks.
21)The vehicle should be equipped with a suitable fire
extinguisher. Typically dry powder, minimum
capacity 2kg.
22)There should be no smoking within the vehicle while
crying cylinders.
23)The driver of the vehicle should be conversant with
the load and have written information on the hazards
and the action to be taken should any problems occur.
The driver should also have training in the operation
of the fire extinguisher and any other safety equipment
carried.
 -35-

94) What are the type of fire extinguishers

commonly used and briefly, explain each one?

Multipurpose dry chemical, carbon dioxide, halon, wet

chemical or foam, pressurized water are the commonly
used fire extinguishers.

Multipurpose dry chemical / class “A”, “B”, or “C”

fires.2.5-20lb. dry chemical (ammonium phosphate)
pressurized to 10.5-18 bar by CO2 gas (8-25 seconds
discharge time). Has pressure gauge to allow visual
capacity check.5-20ft maximum effective range.
Extinguisher by smothering burning materials

Smothering – Cut off oxygen / close the ventilation using

fire extinguisher
Starving – Remove the fuel / remove the material
going to burn
Cooling – Reduce the heat / use water

Carbon Dioxide – Class “B” or “C” fires 2.5-100lb. of CO2

gas at 150-200 psi (8-30seconds discharge time).
Has NO pressure gauge-capacity verified by weight 3-8
ft. maximum effective range.
 -36-

Extinguisher by smothering burning materials,

Effectiveness decreases as temperature of burning
material increases.
Halon – Class “A”,”B”, or “C” fires (smaller sizes
ineffective against class “A”). 9-17 lb. Halon 1211
(pressurized liquid) releases as vapor (8-18 seconds
discharge time). Has pressure gauge to allow visual
capacity check 9-16 ft. maximum effective range. Works
best in confined area – ideal for electronics fire due to
lack of residue. Extinguishers by smothering burning
materials, Fumes toxic if inhaled, Halon is ozone
depleting chemical – production halted in Jan ’94.

Wet Chemical or Foam – Class “A”, “B” fires 1.5gal of

stored pressure PRX wet chemical extinguishing agent
(40 sec. discharge time) 10-12 ft. maximum effective
range. On Class “K” fires, don’t use until after fixed
extinguishing system has activated, Extinguishes by
cooling and forming foam blanket to prevent reigniting.
What is S
95) What is the formula for incident rate? Number
of Record able injuries X 200,000 ?
Number of
employees Hour Worked
200,000 is the equivalent of 100 full time employees
working for 40 hours per week or 50 weeks per year
(OSHA guidelines)
 -37-

96) What is First Aid and CPR?

Medical aid provide to a victim of an accident scene. This

first aid is administered by trained nurse. CPR (Cardio
Pulmonary Resuscitation) a first aid given to a person
having heart blocked or chocked due to sudden shock.
FIRE
97) What is Fire?

Chain reaction of FUEL, HEAT, OXYGEN.

A) Fuel any material which can burn like Paper,
Rubber, Wood, Oil, Lubricants, Gases, Metals like
Phosphorous, Magnesium.
B) Heat or temperature at which the any fuel can
ignite this depends on its flash point.
C) Oxygen which is helping in combustion and is
present in the air.

98) How Fire can be extinguished?

Remove anyone of the above three elements of Fire. Fire

will extinguished,
A) Remove the burning material, the remaining
materials will be safe.
B) Cut off the Oxygen by blanketing with foam or Fire
blanket or any other materials which
 -38-

can not burn the oxygen will be cut off and fire
extinguished.
C) Remove or lessen the heat with water or use Carbon
Dioxide fire cylinder. Never use Water for Electric Fire
as water is good conductor of electricity and you will get
electric shock if water is used for electric fire.
99) What common type of the fire extinguisher is
used for fire?

ABC or Dry Chemical Powder Fire Extinguisher used for

Solid, Liquid Gases and Electric Fire.

WORK PERMIT

100) What is a Work Permit?

A written document authorizing employees to carryout a

work in a designated area on an equipment specifying
the hazards, safety instructions and PPE required for
work.

CONFINED SPACES

101)What is a Confined Space?

 -39-

A vessel, column, tank, pit, trench which has limited

entry and access and one can not stay inside for long
time due to following factors.
Lack of fresh air or Oxygen, Heat, Fumes, Toxicity of
storage Contents, Noise any other annoyance, causing
disturbance in normal work.

102)What is (a) THLV (b) LEL (c) UEL?

Threshold Limit Value, Lower Explosive Limit, Upper

Explosive Limit

103)What is ASPHYXIANTS?

Chemical gases which can cause suffocation by

restricting the uptake of oxygen or by respiratory
paralysis or by diluting / displacing oxygen below the
levels needed by human body.

104) What is a SCBA?

Self Contained Breathing Apparatus, use in confined

spaces or where oxygen deficiency exists or where
concentration of toxics gases is harmful to humans.
 -40-

105) What is toxic Material?

A material or substance which adversely effects body or

organs.

106) What are Flammable and Combustible

Liquids?

Liquids that give off enough vapors to form an ignitable

mixture with air and produce a flame when a source of
ignition is present.

107) What is MSDS?

Material Safety Data Sheet

108) What is a Risk Assessment/Hazard

Identification Plan?
Identifying hazards and risk involve in a specific job and
control measures required to eliminate them or bring
them to minimum acceptable limit for the job to be done
in safe manner

SCAFFOLD
 -41-

Before erecting scaffolds assess the work area for

existing and for potential future hazards which may
impact on the work.

109) What are basic components of scaffolds?

a) Base Plate
b) Sill Boards
c) Screw Jack
d) Couplers
e) Vertical tubes or Bearer also called LEDGERS
f) Horizontal tubes or Ledgers also called STANDARDS
g) Transoms connected across the width
h) Hand rails mid rails
i) Toe Boards
j) Platforms
k) Ladder
l) Diagonal Bracings for stability

RIGGING

110) What are different types of slings used for

lifting?
 -42-

a) Wire rope slings

b) Synthetic/Nylon Webbings
c) Chain Slings

111) When a sling is considered unsafe for use?

1) 10 wire broken in one rope lay randomly

distributed
2) 05 wires broken in one strand in one lay
3) 1/3rd of original diameter is scrapping or worn
4) Kink crushing, bird caging, or other damage or
distortion of wire rope structure
5) Evidence of heat damage
6) End attachments that are cracked worn or
damaged
7) Hooks open more than 15% of normal throat
8) Twisted more than 10 degrees from the plane

112) What safety measure are required for SAFE

CRANE OPERATION ?

1) Crane is to be positioned on level ground

2) Outriggers fully extended
3) Mats to be used for stability
 -43-

4) Crane radius of swing should be barricaded and no

one to cross under the suspended load
5) Ensure clear of obstructions
6) Load chart available in the cabin
7) Qualified Operator and rigger to rig the loads
8) Only one rigger is authorized to signal the operator
9) Do not lift the load beyond the rated capacity of the
crane
10) Wind speed not more than 20miles/hr or 32km/hr
11) Anti two block system working
12) Load monitoring indicator operational
13) Telescopic boom free moment
14) Operators cabin have clear view and not obstructed

PORTABLE ELECTRICAL TOOLS

114) Why this should be used with electric tools?

To protect the workers from shock in case of current

leakage

115) What is the sign of a potable electric tool

having double insulated?
 -44-

(Double square)

116) Why tools having broken insulation must not

be used?

To avoid possible electric shock

117) What is meager test?

The insulation break down test is known as meager test

118) Why meager test is necessary for electric

tools?

A tool having subjected to harsh use at site needs to be

tested for insulation break down to avoid possible
electric shock.

119) Why dead man switch should be used on

electric tools?

To cut off the power supply to the tool in emergency

120) Why Safety Training is required?

 -45-

To make the employees familiar with the hazards

associated with their work safety orientation and some
other trainings is required, also special craft training is
required before start of work, safety assessment risk
assessment for potential hazards is essential which
covers the general hazards and specific hazards
associated to the work being undertaken and the control
measures applied to eliminate or minimize the potential
of harm to the employees, therefore emphasis of
accidental loss of resources (Men and Materials) to
reduce the direct and indirect costs and loss time delays
due to interruptions providing safe and friendly
environment for timely completion of projects therefore
imparting plays an important role in loss control and it is
an idea sound business to have safety culture prevailing
on the construction sites.

121) What is LOTO?

Lock out tag out, to lock out specific breakers are used
for the maintenance of all equipments

122) What is GFCI?

Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter

 -46-

123) What is Excavation and Ditches?

Digging of land with Machine or with men

124) What is Confined Space?

Space heaving a limited entrance or egress but that is

large enough to bodily entrance and performed the
work, i.e.
1) Pits sumps
2) Vessels
3) Boilers
4) Tanks Sewers
5) D-Excavations
Hazards
A) High Temperature
B) High Noise
C) Fall from Elevation
D) Sleeping
E) Oxygen deficiency

125) What are the scaffoldings and its kinds and

it’s Consists?
It is temporary platform
 -47-

Kinds
A) System Scaffolding
B) Under Hang Scaffoldings
C) Mobile Scaffolding
D) Bract Scaffolding
E) Tower Scaffolding
F) Tube and Copular scaffolding

Scaffolding Consists

A) Sole Boards
B) Base Plates
C) Posts
D) Ledgers
E) Couplers
1. Right angle couplers
2. Right angle Double couplers
3. End to End Couplers
4. Adjustable Couplers
5. Girder Couplers
F) Top rail
G) Mid rail
1. Should be in between top rail and toe boards
 -48-

H) Toe Board
1. Distance between toe board to top rail should be 38 to
43 inches
I) Bracings
1. Zigzag bracings
2. Transverse bracings
3. Longitudinal bracings and cross bracings

126) What is KENAPI?

To Safe Workers from falling objects we can use KENAPI

nets and catch plate forms.

127) Which Permit is use for Vehicles?

Hot Work Permit

128) What is Risk Assessment?

Simply we can defined it with

v What can go wrong
v What can cause its going wrong
v What can we do to prevent it from going wrong
 -49-

129) What is Evocation?

v Stop the work and switch off equipment and proceed

to nearest assembly ground
v Always walk against wind direction
v If you driving a vehicle, stop on road side switch off
engine and proceed to assembly area and let the key
should inside the ignition point.
v Head count will taken by Safety Officer in assembly
area.
v Do not come to work tell all clear alarm sounds.

130) How many types of accident in construction

area?

Fatality case
Last work day case
Restricted work case
Medical treatment case
First aid case
Near miss Incident
v An incident, which could cause property damage or
personal injury and if we will not stop near miss
incidents then can happen an accident.
 -50-

131) What is Toolbox Talks?

Awareness about work situation to the employee
is called toolbox talk
A development of safety bricfings and deal with
special issues at the workplace.
132) What is DBA?

The frequency of noise at which we should use ear plug

or muffs is 85DBA.
v DBA Decibel at scale A

133) What are LEL and UEL?

v Lower Explosive Limit

v Upper Explosive Limit
Level of Flammable gases or toxic gasses should be zero
Level of Oxygen should be in between 19.5 – 23.5 in
volume

134) How many scaffolding tags used in

scaffolding?
v Green tag - Scaffolding is safe to work
 -51-

v Yellow - Use full body harness is required with

double Lyn yard
v Red tag - Means scaffolding is unsafe or not able to
use (only scaffolder can work)
Note: Safety Harness can bear the weight 2450kg

135) What are the precautions for Welding?

v Hot work permit is required
v Area should be barricaded and warning signage
should be placed
v Area should be clean at least 8 meters (free from
combustible materials)
v Fire extinguisher and fire blankets should be available
v Trained fire watch man should be available
v Fire water drum should be available
Note: Welder must use complete PPE’s (Welding Helmet,
Gloves and Long sleeves shirt)

SAFETY DEFINATIONS
136) Safety
Safety is a state where risk has been eliminated or
reduced to an acceptable level

137) Fire
 -52-

Fire is a chemical reaction involving rapid oxidation or

burning of a fuel. It needs three elements to occur

138) Fuel
Fuel can be any combustible material – solid, liquid, or
gas. Most solids and liquids become a

139) Oxygen
Oxygen the air we breathe is about 21 percent oxygen.
Fire only needs an atmosphere with at least 16 percent
oxygen.

140)Heat
Heat is the energy necessary to increase the
temperature of the fuel to a point where sufficient vapors
are given off for ignition to occur.

142)Flash Point
Flash Point is the lowest temperature at which a fuel
produces enough vapors to ignite in the presence of a
heat source.

143) Dust
Dust consists of solid particles and is created by such
operations as grinding or sieving of solid materials,
controlled detonations and various drying processes.
 -53-

144) Fumes
Fumes are finely particulate solids which are created by
condensation from a vapor, very often after a metal has
been converted to the molten state. Fumes are usually
highly toxic.

145) Gases
Gas is the formless chemical which occupies the area in
which it is enclosed. There are many toxic gases used in
industry, such as chlorine.

146) Mist
Mist consists of finely suspended droplets formed by
condensation from a gas or the atomizing of a liquid or
from aerosols.

147) Vapors
Vapors are the gaseous form of a solid or a liquid, rise in
temperature causes the vaporization. Examples are
organic solvent vapors’.

148) Liquid
Liquid is a typical example of a liquid, Can be in other
forms as droplets or aerosols.
 -54-

149) Very Toxic

Substances and preparations which in very low
quantities cause death or acute or chronic damage to
health when inhaled swallowed or absorbed via the skin.

150) Toxic
Toxic substances and preparation that in low quantities
cause death or acute or chronic damage to health when
inhaled swallowed or absorbed via the skin.

151) Corrosive
Corrosive is substances and preparations that may on
contact destroy living tissues.

152) Density
The density of a material is defined as the mass of one
cubic meter of material
DENSITY = MASS/VOLUME

153) Specific Gravity

We can therefore say that any liquid that will not
dissolve (not miscible) in water, with a specific gravity
higher than 1, will sink, whilst those with a specific
gravity lower than 1 will float on top. For example:
1m3 of water (1000 liters) weights 1000kg
 -55-

1m3 of aviation gasoline (1000 liters) weight 720 kgs

154) Heat
Heat is a form of energy. Heat can be produced by
chemical means, e.g., by burning aviation fuel or by
mechanical means, by fiction. Passing electric current
through a resistor also produces heat as in an electric
fire.

155) Element
Substances that consist of only one type of atom are
known as elements. EX. CARBON

156) Molecules
If an element consists of more than one of the same type
of atom, chemically bound together, it is known as a
molecule. EX. OXYGEN, The term molecule can also be
used to describe a substance that is made up of more
than one type of atom, water is example.

157) Compound
A mixture is a term used to describe a substance that is
made up of more than one type of molecule. EX. WATER

158) Combustion ?
 -56-

Combustion is a chemical process. For it to occur,

oxygen, usually from the air, must combine with a fuel. A
fuel is any substance that will burn and may be in any
one of the three states, solid, liquid or gas. EX.
SMOLDING OR FLAMING

Flammability Limits:

Flammability Limit
(% Fuel/Air by volume)

GAS
LOWER LIMIT
UPPER LIMIT
Hydrogen
4
75
Carbon Monoxide
12.5
74.2
Methane
5
15
Butane
 -57-

1.5
9
Ethylene
2.7
28.6
Acetylene
5.5
80

159) Organization Culture ?

Shop floor representatives, supervisors and managers
who meet to discuss general health and safety matters
affecting the company

160)Attitude ?
A person’s point of view, or their way of looking at
something.

161) Mistakes or Errors ?

Doing the wrong thing, believing it to be right

162)Influence of peer group ?

 -58-

A peer group is a group of individuals of a similar age or

background with whom a person mixes in a social
context.

163)Work place group ?

The workplace group is such a group and we behave in
accordance with the collective, accepted behavior of the
group.

164)Communication ?
Communication is defined as, imparting, conveying or
exchanging information, ideas or opinion by the use of
speech, written, or graphics.

165)Written communication ?
Written a postal service or a notice board

166) Oral or Verbal (SPOKEN) Communication ?

Oral or Verbal (spoken) a personal interview or
telephone system

167) Notices, Posters, Films

Used to draw attention to hazards and risks or safe
practices and measures, need to be ‘eye catching’ and
relevant.
 -59-

168) Tool Box Talks

A development of safety briefings and deal with specific
issues at the workplace

169) Employee Hand Book:

Key document laying out company policy and certain
procedures, Effective as part of induction training

170) Investigation ?
The purpose of an investigation is primarily to find the
cause, with the intention of preventing a recurrence,
rather than to blame

171) Reactive Monitoring ?

Reactive Monitoring, which is used in the investigation
of accidents, incidents or dangerous occurrences-After

172) Proactive Monitoring ?

Pro-active monitoring, which involves checking that
standards, practices, procedures and system are being
complied with. Before

173) Maintenance Inspections ?

 -60-

Inspections involve examining, testing and making

repairs/adjustments to such items, often specified by the
manufacturer or supplier.

174) Safety Inspection ?

A formal inspection by a team of inspectors who go
round an area or section of work to check on standards;
e.g floor condition, HK, warning signs, fire equipment

175) Safety Survey ?

An in-depth examination of specific procedures such as
the introduction of new equipment, or investigating a
rise in accident or incident rate

176) Chemical Hazard ?

Liquids, dusts, fumes, mists

177) Biological Hazards ?

Exposure to bacteria, viruses and fungi

178) Physical Hazard ?

Mechanical, noise, radiation, heat etc. also includes
ergonomic factors

179) Psychological Hazards ?

 -61-

Refers to mental stress

180) Safe Work System ?

A safe system of work is: a formal procedure which
results from systematic examination of a task in order to
identify all the hazards
1.) WHAT IS METHOD OF STATEMENT?

It is the documents submitted by contractor to

client, covering the general work procedure of a
particular job in safe manners as per required standard.

2.) WHAT IS THE USE OF WMS?

We can plan and execute the work easily and

safely, it also helps to know the codes and standards
used for each activity.

3.) WHAT IS JSA AND ITS USE?

Job safety analysis is the step by step analysis of a job to

determine the safe working procedures
It includes the following steps.
a.) Watch the job being done
b.) Break the job down into steps
 -62-

c.) Described the hazards in each step of task

d.) Identity the desired controls measures and
e.) Implement these counter measures in the job
executions.

4.) WHAT IS WORK PERMIT?

is a written document authorizing a person or a

group to perform maintenance, inspections or
construction work.

5) HOW MANY TYPE OF PERMITS ARE USED?

v Hot work permit,

v Cold work permit,
v Confined space entry permit,
v Excavation permit,
v Lifting permit,
v Night work permit,
v Radiography permit,
Other permits as per job requirement.

6). What is Safety?

 -63-

v Safety is a state where the Risk has been Eliminated

or Reduced to an Acceptable Level.
v Control of Accidental Loss of Resources Human and
Material

7). What is near-miss?

An undesirable event which has the potential to cause

loss

8). WHAT IS CONFINED SPACE?

Any space having a limited means of access and egress,

when subject to the hazards like deficiency of Oxygen,
toxic or flammable gases or substances, dust etc.

9). WHAT IS THE OXYGEN LEVEL IN A CONFINED

SPACE?

The Oxygen level in Confined space is 19.5% to 23.5%.

10). IN WHAT CIRCUMTANCES A CONFINED

SPACE WORK PERMIT CAN BE ISSUED?
 -64-

If properly ventilated, gas test reading are

satisfactory, properly barricaded and warning signs are
Posted, trained stand by man is present with log sheet,
sufficient lightening and low voltage Electricity (24V-
110V), proper means of communication, locked and
tagged out if necessary, lifeline man retrieval System if
necessary etc.

11). WHO IS CONFINED SPACE ATTENNDANT?

He is one who is aware of the confined space

hazards and knows how to react if any thing goes wrong,
able to maintain confined space entry log sheet etc.

12). WHAT ARE THE HAZARDS IN A CONFINED

SPACE?

Oxygen Deficiency or Enrichment, presence of

toxic or flammable gases, chemical hazards fire hazards
Fall of materials fall hazards electrocution dust
sounds heat or cold caught in between moving
Equipments engulfment etc.

13). WHAT ARE THE DUTIES OF A CONFINED

SPACE ATTENDANT?
 -65-

He is responsible for the safety of entrants, should be

present whenever people are working in confined space,
maintain update entry log sheet, maintain continuous
communication with entrants and monitor conditions in
the confined space to ensure a safe working atmosphere,
prevent unauthorized personnel, initiate alarm for help if
in need evacuate the entrants if conditions are not
satisfying or in case of any general evacuation initiated
contact rescue personnel if necessary etc.

14). GIVE SOME EXAMPLE OF A CONFINED

SPACE?

Pipes, Vessels, Tanks, boilers, and Tube areas

Silos Trenches and excavation deeper then 4feet sludge
Pits Duct works etc.

15). NAME ONE HAZARDOUS JOB IN A CONFINED

SPACE?

Welding Grinding Chemical Use of gas cutting

sets erection of materials

16). WHO IS COMPETENT PERSONS?

Is one who is properly trained and authorized to perform

a specific work in a safe manner competent person one
 -66-

who is capable of identifying existing predictable

hazards and who has authority to make prompt
corrective actions.

17). WHAT IS ACCIDENT?

Accident is uncontrolled events that results in
undesirable consequences to personnel injury, illness of
the assets damage or loss or to the environment.
An Undesirable event which causes harm to personal
Damage to property.

18). WHAT IS A NEARMISS?

A Potential hazards, which has not yet caused an

accident or an occurrence that did not results in but
have the potentials to results in undesirable
consequences to personnel illness injury and or to the
assets damage loss or to the neighboring community and
environment.
An Undesirable event which has the potential
to cause loss.

19). WHO MAKES AN ACCIDENT REPORT?

Concerned area supervisor or site safety

representatives.
 -67-

20). WHO MAKES AN ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION

REPORT?

A team of frontline supervisor, HSE manager sub

contractor representatives if subcontractor personnel
Are injured high officials depending upon the severity of
accident.

21). WHAT IS THE USED OF ACCIDENT REPORT?

To find out the root cause of accident makes

recommendations to prevent re-occurrence and evaluate
the effectiveness of emergency response.

22). WHAT IS WASTE MANAGEMENT?

Waste management means safely disposing the by-

product of a process or a work to the environment after
the proper treatment if necessary so that no threat for
living properties and environment exists.

23). WHAT IS MSDS?

 -68-

Materials safety data sheets is the documents prepared

by the manufacturer giving product name producer
address emergency contact phone number
information of ingredients possible hazards first aid
measures precaution to be taken for storage and
handling recommended PPE extinguisher physical and
chemical properties etc.

24). WHAT IS ISOTOPE?

Isotope means one or more species of atoms having

same atomic number but different mass number.

25). WHY IS ISOTOPE IS HAXARDOUS?

Isotope are hazardous because it emits uncontrolled

energy in the form of radio active waves which is
hazardous to all living things as it can destroy the living
tissues that causes fatality or can convert it to cancer.

26). WHAT IS RADIOGRAPHI?

It is use for welding X-rays.

(If the wind velocity is up the 32 km or 20 miles
then work should stop.)
 -69-

27). WHAT IS RADIOACTIVITY?

Radioactivity is the spontaneous disintegration of atomic

nucleus emits ALPHA particles BETA particles or GAMA
rays or electromagnetic rays during this process.

28). WHAT IS THE UNIT FOR MEASURING THE

RADIATIONS?

Micro sever or Mille Rem.

29). IN WHAT CONDITIONS A WORK PERMITS

CAN BE ISSUED FOR RADIOGRAPHY?

The controlled area is calculated evacuated and

barricaded with yellow black tapes warning signs a
minimum of 4 no. and red or yellow flash lights.

30). WHAT ARE SAFETY MEASURES TO BE TAKEN

WHILE DOING RADOIGRAPHY?

Ensure a competent person is surveying outside the

barricaded areas with surveys meters. The crews are
observing and following the safety precautions. The
controlled areas is calculated evacuated and barricaded
 -70-

with yellow black warning signs a minimum of 4no.s

and red or yellow flash lights.

31). WHAT IS THE CONTROLLED AREA?

Any area where the radiations dose is more that

0.75 MREM/h (7.5 Micro sever)

32). WHAT IS A GIEGER METER?

Is the instruments used to measure the

radiations dose (Radiation Survey Meter)

33). WHAT IS THE USED OF FILM NADGE?

This badge is worn by the personnel who are exposed to

radiation due their nature of duty and this is processed
to calculate the received radiation dose of a person
during the period normally 1 month of exposure.

34). WHAT IS DECAY CHART?

Is the chart showing the change in the

radioactivity of an Isotope by losing mass by decay in
certain period at regular interval of time.
 -71-

35) WHO IS AN AUTHORIZED EXPOSE PERSON?

He is one who got formal training in the use of sealed

source and X-RAY equipment used in industry
radiography.

36) WHAT ARE THE REQUIRMENTS OF A MAN

BASKET?

It should be designed and fabricated according to

standards have party certificates two guide ropes
damage free lifting gears the load bearing capacity
should be written on man basket shackles with cotter pin
only to be used.

37) HOW SLINGS ARE INSPECTED?

All slings must be inspected before every use and

periodically it should be inspected thoroughly and shall
be rejected if found were one third of the original
outside the diameter of outside individual wires serves
corrosion distortion linking crushing bird caging broken
wires.

38) THE TYPES OF CRANES?

 -72-

v Mobile Crane
v Crawler Crane
v Tower Crane
v Over Head Crane

39) THE PARTS OFCRANE?

Boom,Slings,Shackie,Flyingjib,Antitwoblock,Outerrigger,
Mainhoist,Auxillaryhoist,Pulley,Webslings,LMI(Load
Movement Indicator).

40) WHAT ARE THE REQUIRMENTS OF A CRANE

LIFTING?

Crane positions on firm and level ground with wood pads

and steel plates. Outriggers are fully extended tires are
off the ground. Certified operator and rigger are
available safe load indicator is working the check list
filled by competent persons.

41) WHAT IS WORK RADIUS?

Is the maximum distance where a certain

activities for lifting or rigging jobs in progress.
 -73-

42) WHAT IS SWL?

Safe Working Load is the maximum load that can

apply to the lifting tool, safely

43) WHAT IS LIFTING PLAN?

Is the documents prepare for planning a critical lift by

calculating and considering all factors which is going to
effect the lift and there by selecting the correct tools and
cranes and ensure the safe lifting procedure to be
followed for the particular lift, which is used for lifting
and what the safe factor is, where the load is lifted,
where it is fitted, size and SWL of each lifting tool used
JSA and load-chart are attached with it.

44) WHAT IS TANDUM LIFT?

A lift in wich two crane are used for Lifting is

called Tandum Lifting.

45) What is excavation?

A man made cut, cavity, trench or depression

formed by earth removal.
 -74-

46) What is trench?

A narrow excavation, where the depth is greater

than width

47) What is shoring?

A structure that supports the sides of an excavation and

protects against cave-ins.

48) What is different between a flash back arrestor

and a check valve?

A check valve allows flow in one direction only. This

prevents oxygen reaching acetylene cylinder and
acetylene reaching oxygen cylinder in the event of
blockage in the torch or line or pressure variations.
But a flash back arrestor prevents reverse flow; stop the
flow of flame from reaching the cylinder in the event of a
flash back or the temperature exceeds a limit (220
degrees f.)

49) How many type of Fall Protection system?

 -75-

(1) Guardrail system,

(2) Safety Net system.
(3)Personal Fall arrest system (BODY HARNESS)

50) What is the classis of fire and what type of fire

extinguishers are used for them?

Class A. Ordinary combustible materials

Example: Wood, Cloth, Plastic, Rubber
Extinguisher- Water, DCP, Foam, CO2, Halon

Class B. Combustible liquids and gases.

Example: Gasoline, Diesel, Oil, Grease, Oil based
paint, tar…
Extinguisher- CO2, Foam, DCP

Class C. Energized electrical equipment

Extinguisher - DCP, FM 200, Halon, Carbon
dioxide.

Class D: Combustible metals

Example: Magnesium, Potassium, Zinc, Calcium,
Titanium
 -76-

Extinguisher- Metal x-type, Combustatible metal

type

51) What is the responsibility of Fire Watch?

Fire watch is the person design to identify and eliminate

fire hazards, alert and extinguish fire incase of any out
break of fire and to protect the person and properties
from a fire. He is the man to reach first in case of fire by
keeping a close watch on such hazardous areas.

52) What is color coding system?

This system followed to inspect and insure the

serviceability of tools, equipments periodically ( normally
it is monthly ) like fire extinguishers, full body harness,
lifting gears, electrical codes and power tools, etc. These
things are inspected by competent person and are
indicated by putting the color of particular month (this
color is decided in advance and is being followed by all
people at particular site). The items which are found
defective or unserviceable will not be color coded and
has to be removed from service.

53) Who can color code?

Competent person
 -77-

54) What is the maximum distance between two

adjacent accesses in a long excavation?

A ladder must be present within 25feet, of employees

working in excavation.
In open excavation – At least every 30m on the
perimeter, if less than 1.2m deep
- At every 7.5m on the perimeter, if more than
1.2m deep

55) When is an excavation considered as a confined

space?

If depth is more than 1.2m

56) Who can erect scaffolding?

Certified scaffold

57) Who can inspect the components used for

erecting a scaffold?

A competent and certified scaffolding supervisor

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58) What is tag system?

A tag system is put on scaffolding, by a competent

person, indicating the present condition whether it can
be used and whether fall protection needed or not.
Red tag – Do not use (is being erected or dismantled)
Yellow tag – Can use with 100% fall protection (is
incomplete or cannot be completed)
Green tag – Safe to use (scaffolding is complete)

59) Who can place a scaffold tag?

Competent person (scaffolding supervisor)

60) What are the details in a scaffold tag?

Location, Maximum loading capacity (kN/m2 or psf),

Date erected and date inspected with foreman’s name
and signature.

61) In which condition a scaffold cannot be

erected?
 -79-

Extreme weather (strong wind, rain, ice), ground not

stable, safe clearance (minimum 10 feet) can’t be
maintained with live wire, certified workers and
supervisor are not available, permit not available.

62) What is the minimum overlapping of two

adjacent planks in a platform?

Not less than 12 inches

63) What is a guard rail system?

A barrier consisting of top rail and med rails, toe board

and vertical up right erected to prevent men and
materials falling from an elevated work area.

64) What is a toe board?

Barrier secured along the sides and ends of a platform to

guard falling of materials, tools, and other objects.

65) What is the minimum height of a toe-board?

Minimum 4 inches
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66) What is the height of the top-rail from the

platform?

38 inches to 45 inches

67) What are the requirements in placing an access

ladder on a scaffold?

Provide access when scaffold platforms are more than 2

feet above or below a point of access.
When using ladders, bottom rung must not be more than
24 inches high. Ladder to be at the correct angle (i.e.
Feet out for every 4 feet in height) Ladders are to be tied
at both sides not by the rungs. Make sure the ladder
extends a safe distance (at least 90cm) above the landing
stage. When the horizontal travel distance exceeds 15
meters provide at least two accesses. If the platform is
longer, access shall be provided at every 30 meters. The
ladder should be free from damage and should be color
coded. All access ladders must be tagged.

68) In what circumstances fall protection system

has to be used?

If the person could fall more than 1.8 meter then a fall
protection system should be used.
 -81-

Example- Any activity at an elevation more than 1.8

meter such
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