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Visual Guide
to Math
 Contents
Written by Karen Wilding
Senior editors Jolyon Goddard, Cécile Landau 04 Introduction
Senior art editor Ann Cannings
Project art editor Emma Hobson
US senior editor Shannon Beatty 06 What is math?
US editor Elizabeth Searcy
Art editor Shipra Jain 08 Numbers everywhere!
Editorial assistance Marie Greenwood,
Carrie Love, Kathleen Teece
Additional design Dave Ball
10 Counting
DTP designers Rajesh Singh, Vijay Kandwal
Senior DTP designer Shanker Prasad 12 Number order
Jacket coordinator Francesca Young
Jacket designer Dheeraj Arora 14 Seeing without counting
Managing editor Laura Gilbert
Managing art editor Diane Peyton Jones
Preproducer Nadine King 16 Number patterns
Producer Basia Ossowska
Creative director Helen Senior 18 Ten-frame number patterns
Publishing director Sarah Larter

Math consultant Meryl Glicksman

20 Numbers within numbers
First American edition, 2018 22 The number 10
Published in the United States by DK Publishing
345 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014 24 Number lines
Copyright © 2018 Dorling Kindersley Limited
DK, a Division of Penguin Random House LLC 26 Place value
18 19 20 21 22 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
001–308816–Aug/2018 28 Comparing
All rights reserved.
Without limiting the rights under the copyright reserved above, no part 30 Making 100
of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a
retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means 32 Groups of 100
(electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise), without
the prior written permission of the copyright owner.
Published in Great Britain by Dorling Kindersley Limited
34 Numbers in 100

A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. 36 More comparing
ISBN: 978-1-4654-7093-5
38 Adding
DK books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk
for sales promotions, premiums, fund-raising, or educational use.
For details, contact: DK Publishing Special Markets, 345 Hudson Street, 39 Subtracting
New York, New York 10014
[email protected] 40 Counting on…
Printed and bound in China
41 … and counting back
A WORLD OF IDEAS:
SEE ALL THERE IS TO KNOW 42 Adding with ten frames
www.dk.com 43 Subtracting with ten frames
44 Adding on a number line
45 Subtracting on a number line 84 Capacity
46 Difference 86 Estimating
48 Difference on a number line 88 My day
50 Multiplying 90 Hours and minutes
51 Dividing 92 Days, weeks, and months
52 Multiplying with arrays 94 Temperature
53 Dividing with arrays 96 Money
54 Multiplying with ten frames 98 Using coins
55 Dividing with ten frames 100 Spending money
56 Multiplying on a number line 102 Shapes
57 Dividing on a number line 104 2-D shapes
58 Odd and even 106 3-D shapes
60 Building times tables 108 Nets of shapes
62 Times tables 110 Direction
64 Multiples 112 Reflection of objects
66 Multiplying by 10 114 Collecting data
68 Fractions 116 Showing data
70 Halves and quarters 118 Pictograms
72 Adding halves 120 Bar graphs
74 Measuring 122 Glossary
76 Standard measurements 125 More useful math words
78 Nonstandard measurements 126 Index
80 Length, height, and depth 128 Acknowledgments
82 Mass
 Introduction
Visual Guide to Math gives your children the key skills
necessary to be confident in using math, not only at
school but also in many of their everyday activities.

Making math fun Headings tell you

the topic you’re
Many children struggle with math. They about to explore.

fail to understand what numbers really are

and how they relate to the world around
them. This book takes a fresh, fun approach,
using simple visual tools to show, as well as Comparing
tell, children how math works. We often compare the sizes of things, suc
or lengths. We can use words and symbol
are more than, less than, or equal to each

Using bars
Key topics We can use bars to show the things we are
comparing and use symbols instead of words.

We can com
By working through this book, the heights

your child will learn about trees using

Color
the following: photography
helps link The open “m
this symbol a
• Numbers and counting math ideas to faces the am
that it is mor
the real world. the other.
• Patterns
• Comparison
We can com

• Addition and subtraction the heights

children us

• Multiplication and division Now the “mo

to “eat” the r

• Measurements showing tha

is less than

• Shapes
• Data, tables, and graphs 28

4
 How the book works
Each page or pair of pages explores either a new topic or takes you
a step further into an area of math covered earlier in the book. You
can dip in and out, but the book works best when you work
through the pages in order.
Tabs tell you the
Keys facts math skills covered.
are highlighted.

Comparison Measurement

Illustrated
ch as their heights We can show the lengths of examples
the crocodiles using bars. make math
ls to say whether sizes
h other. concepts

= clearer and
Comp
aring h
you se elps
differe e how
nt or s
im
easier to grasp.
things ilar
are.

This symbol shows when two

things are equal in value.
mpare
s of the
bars. Comparing numbers
Ten frames and counters can be used to compare numbers. We can
see that the top number (15) is more than the bottom number (13).

mouth” of
always > Visual tools,
mount
re than
such as grids,
These 2
ten frames ten frames,
show 15.
and number
lines, boost
mpare
understanding.
s of the These 2
sing bars. ten frames
show 13.

mouth” is trying
right bar,
at the left bar
> Now, using a number line, we can easily see
that 13 is less than 15, and 15 is more than 13.
13 < 15
15 > 13
n the right.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

29

5
 What is math?
Math is all around you. Math is numbers, counting,
patterns, shapes, calculations, fractions, and much,
much more. Everything in our world involves math.

Where do you use math in

your everyday life?

Meas
Learning math at school helps us solve everyday

uring
problems and organize our lives. Whether we are

d
istan
playing a game, drawing a picture, or spending
money, we use math skills to do these tasks.

ce
We use math when we
measure distances with
a ruler or tape measure.

Telling time
involves math skills.

ng money
U si
Meas
uring
temp
e
ratur
e
is

it
e
t tim Counting, saving, We use math to check how
wha
in g and spending hot or cold something is
Know money all use math. with a thermometer.

6
 s
thing
hing
Weig

We use math to
weigh ingredients. When we divide up
a cake to share,
Di
we use math. vid
ing
a ca k
e int
o equal p
a r ts

Using math for work

Every job that grown-ups do uses math.
Good math skills make your work easier.

A chef uses math to measure

ingredients for a recipe.

A builder uses
Doctors and nurses use math to figure math to figure out
out the amount of medicine to give. how big something
needs to be.

7
Numbers everywhere!
Have you noticed numbers around you? There are
numbers everywhere we look. Have you ever thought
about why they are there?

Phones Watches and

Phones have clocks
numbers to press 1 The numbers 1 to 12 are
2
or tap, so you can 3 often seen on watches
put in a phone 4 and clocks. They let you
5
number and talk 6
know what time it is.
to someone. 7
8
9
*
0
#

Around the house

Look around your home.
You might see numbers
on the doors or walls, the
refrigerator, the stove,
and many other things.

Is there an apartment
or house number on
your front door?
 License plates
Numbers are mixed up
with letters on the license
plates of cars, trucks, and
other vehicles.

Compass
Numbers around the edge
of a compass help you
find directions more easily.

Road and street signs

Signs along roads often have numbers
on them. They might tell you speed
limits, distances, or the times of day
when certain rules apply for road users.

9
 Counting
We count to find out how many of something there
are. This amount is called the quantity. We also count
to figure out the order of a set of objects, such as
which one is first, second, third, and so on.

Quantity
When we count things, we might
want to know how many there
3
are, or the quantity.

1 2
4
? How many dog
s can
you
cou The final number
nt? tells us how many
The dachshund
dogs there are.

2nd
comes first in this
group of dogs.

1
st 3rd 4th

Order
Sometimes we count to find out
the order of objects in a group.

10
 Numbers
and counting

There’s more to counting...

Sometimes counting is a little more
complicated. Look at the red and yellow Math words
counters below. Imagine that you just want for order
to count the red ones. Here’s how you do it. Here are some words that
describe number order.
What comes after eleventh?
You need to be

1 able to see which

counters are red.
S
Fi T

ec

hi
rs
You don’t need

rd
2

ond
t
to count any 1st 2nd 3rd
yellow counters.

F Fi Si
Touch each red

ou

xt
fth
3
rth

h
counter only once, 4th 5th 6th
and say what number
it is (1, 2, 3, and so
on) as you touch it.
S Ei Ni

gh

nt
ev

h
th
en t

7th 8th 9th

Count all the red ones.
4
h

Don’t miss any.

El
Te
ev
nt

?
enth
h

You can count them 10th 11th

5 in any order. You

should always get
the same number.
Answer: Twelfth (12th)

The last number you

6 say tells you how

many there are.
 Number order
We usually use symbols, such as 1, 3, 5, and 7,
when we write numbers. Numbers follow an
order, which can go up or down.
The o
r
the dig der of
Number symbols us wh
its can
ich nu tell
mber
come
The symbols for numbers are used all around the s next
.
world. They are called digits. We put digits together
to make other numbers, such as 24 or 107.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Zero One Two Three Four Five Six Seven Eight Nine

Once we’ve learned the order

that numbers go in, we can find
The order of the
numbers can go up
7 5
a missing number. or down, and we
don’t always have 6 4
5 3
to begin with 1.

1 2 3 4 5 6 ? 8
The missing
4 2
number is 7.
3 1
Number track
To help us understand number order, we can use a number Each counter
track. On the track, each space is numbered. Each number can is matched
be matched with an object, so we can count the objects easily. with a number.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Each space
12 has a number.
 Numbers
and counting

100s chart
Instead of just making a number track longer and longer, we can
chop it up into groups of 10 to make a picture called a 100s chart.
100s charts are useful for seeing patterns in numbers (see page 65).

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Each line has

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
10 numbers.

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
31

41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60

61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70

71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80

The last line

81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
ends at 100,
which is 10
groups of 10. 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100

13
Other documents randomly have
different content
 (iii) A protective barrage will be maintained in front of the green line until zero plus four hours.
During this period approximately fifty per cent. (50%) of the guns remaining in the barrage will be
employed in a protective line barrage; the remainder will be employed to search and sweep deeply
into the enemy's position. At zero plus four hours all barrage fire will cease.
Barrage Maps will be issued later.

2. Capture of Second and Third Objectives.

(a) Assembly.—5th and 4th Australian Divisions will select and mark positions for the assembly of their
troops.
These areas will be selected in liaison with Tank Commanders and with the 2nd and 3rd Australian
Divisions respectively, to prevent movement to them clashing with the approach march of these
divisions and that of the Tanks.
This requires careful co-ordination between each pair of Divisions and Tank Commanders.
(b) Command.—At zero plus four hours, responsibility for the battle front will pass to G.O.C., 5th
Australian Division, in the right sector, and to G.O.C., 4th Australian Division, in the left sector.
(c) The Advance.—5th and 4th Australian Divisions will time their advance so that the leading troops
cross the first objective (green line) at zero plus four hours.
(d) From zero plus four hours the advance will be continued under the conditions of open warfare.
Battle Instructions No. 8
ROADS
1. A map is forwarded herewith showing the organization of the road system in the captured territory.
2. The Chief Engineer will issue the necessary instructions for the preparation of these roads for traffic.
3. All light traffic which is capable of moving across country will do so and will avoid main roads.
4. Mule tracks will be a divisional responsibility.
5. Artillery advancing with the 5th and 4th Australian Divisions will carry forward a proportion of
bridges. Arrangements should be made as soon as possible for the development of tracks, making use
of the routes taken by the artillery over these bridges.
6. The Amiens—Longueau—Villers-Bretonneux main road, as far east as the cross roads in N.26.c., will be
reserved for the exclusive use of the Cavalry Corps from 9.30 p.m. on Y/Z night until 8 a.m. on Z day.
After 8 a.m. on Z day it will be available for the Australian and Cavalry Corps.
Assistant Provost Marshal, Australian Corps, will arrange for the control of the traffic on this road
throughout.
Chief Engineer, Australian Corps, will prepare short avoiding roads at the cross roads at N.26.c. to cross
the north-east or south-west corner to avoid congestion at this spot.
Battle Instructions No. 9
LIGHT SIGNALS, MESSAGE ROCKETS, SMOKE
1. Light Signals.

(a) Australian Corps.

The following Light Signals will be employed in the Australian Corps:

S.O.S. Signal, No. 32 grenade—showing green over green over green. Allotment 500 per
Division.
Success Signal, No. 32 grenade—showing white over white over white. Allotment 600 per
Division.
 A small reserve of each of these grenades is held at Corps Headquarters.
No other Light Signals will be laid down by Corps. There is no objection to the use within Divisions
of a Very Light for the local indication of targets between Infantry and Tanks.
(b) Other Formations.
Light Signals of other formations are as follows:
Formation. Signal. Meaning.
(i) Cavalry Corps. White star turning "Advanced troops
to red on a parachute of Cavalry are
fired from here."
1½" Very pistol.
(ii) Third Corps. No. 32 grenade, "S.O.S."
green over green
over green.
No. 32 grenade, "Success signal,
white over white i.e., we have
over white. reached objective."
One white Very "Barrage is about
light. to lift."
(iii) Canadian Corps No. 32 grenade, "S.O.S." will also
red over red mean (a) "We are
over red. held up and cannot
advance without
help." (b) "Enemy
is counter-attacking."
No. 32 grenade, "(a) Lift your fire.
green over green We are going to
over green. advance. (b) Stop
firing."
Three white Very "We have reached
lights in quick this point."
succession.
Remark.—In the case of (a) a smoke rocket (No. 27 grenade) will also be fired in the direction of
the obstruction to indicate its position.
(c) Special care must be taken by the Artillery on the right flank of the Corps that all officers and
N.C.O.'s are acquainted with these signals, so that no mistake may arise as regards the difference
in the S.O.S. Signals of the Australian and Canadian Corps.

2. Message-carrying Rockets.
Allotment of Message-carrying Rockets is 80 per Division.
3. Smoke.

(a) Artillery smoke will be as follows:

(i) 3 rounds per gun will be fired during the first three minutes of the artillery barrage.
(ii) 3 rounds per gun will be fired in quick succession on the arrival of the field artillery barrage
at the artillery halt line covering the first objective.
 (iii) In the event of wet weather a small proportion of smoke will be used in the barrage to
replace the smoke and dust caused by the burst of the shells in dry weather. This will not be
sufficient to confuse the effect with that of the smoke shells prescribed in paragraph 3 (a) (i)
and (ii).

(b) Screening beyond the First Objective.

15th Wing, Royal Air Force, will arrange to screen the advance of the Tanks and Infantry from
special localities in advance of their first objective by dropping phosphorus bombs.
Divisions and G.O.C., 5th Tank Brigade, will inform Australian Corps Headquarters as early as
possible of the localities which they desire screened.
A map will be issued showing times at which it is anticipated that the Infantry will make good
certain zones. Phosphorus bombs will not be dropped within these zones at any time after it is
anticipated that the Infantry will have occupied them.

Battle Instructions No. 10

INTELLIGENCE AND DISPOSAL OF PRISONERS OF WAR
1. Battalion Intelligence Police.
One German speaker and two searchers will be allotted to each battalion for use as follows:

(a) German Speaker.

(i) To secure immediate identifications quickly, so that identifications will reach Corps
Headquarters as speedily as possible of enemy units on the battle front.
(ii) To secure immediate information required by the Battalion Commander as regards enemy
dispositions, assembly positions, orders for counter-attack, etc.
(iii) To be in charge of the two searchers and separate important documents, orders, maps,
etc., translate and convey information of moment to the immediate Commander.

(b) Two Searchers.

The two searchers under the German speaker systematically search the battlefield, enemy
positions, suspected headquarters, dead, etc., for papers, documents, maps, etc., have them
packed in sandbags, and sent through the usual channels to the Corps Cage as quickly as possible.
This personnel should carry torches and, besides rifles or revolvers, bombs are recommended as
being useful for dealing with any of the enemy who may be found in dug-outs.

2. Divisional Intelligence Officers.

Divisional Intelligence Officers will go forward to an Advanced Divisional Collecting Cage, with a view to
obtaining, as soon as possible, information of immediate tactical importance.
The Cage will be connected by telephone to Divisional H.Q., and important information obtained should
be transmitted as quickly as possible to Divisional and Brigade H.Q.
The main points on which immediate information is required from prisoners are: The Order of Battle,
Units seen, Distribution of the Enemy's Forces, Method of holding the Line, Assembly Positions, Counter-
attack Orders and Intentions.
This information will be wired to their respective Divisional Headquarters and repeated to Corps
Headquarters and Corps Cage by Divisional Intelligence Officers.
Divisional Intelligence Officers will not detain prisoners longer than is necessary to obtain this tactical
information of immediate importance.
In case a large number of prisoners are captured, they will detain only one or two from each regiment,
and will not delay the passage of the remainder to the Corps Cage.
Any further information required from prisoners by Divisions or lower formations can always be obtained
by telephone from the Corps Cage.
3. Searching of Prisoners.

(a) Officers and N.C.O.'s.

Officers and N.C.O.'s will be searched as soon as possible after capture by a responsible officer or
N.C.O., and all documents taken from them sent back with them (in sacks, labelled by regiments, if
a number are captured) to the Divisional Intelligence Officer, at such place as this officer has
prearranged.
It is left to the discretion of Divisional Intelligence Officers as to what documents, maps, etc., taken
from prisoners they hold back for the information of Brigade and Divisional Commanders. When
this is done, Corps "I" will be informed by wire, priority if necessary, of the nature of the
documents, etc., held back, and of any points of immediate tactical importance they may contain.
As soon as possible after information has been extracted from them, the documents will be
forwarded on to the Corps Cage. Arrangements can be made by Corps, if notified that documents
are ready to be sent on, to fetch them by motorcyclist or cycle.

(b) Other Ranks.

Prisoners other than officers and N.C.O.'s will be searched on their arrival at the Corps Cage. Their
papers, etc., will be taken from them and put into sacks labelled according to regiments.
(c) All ranks should understand that a prisoner's pay-book, identity disc, and personal belongings
should not be taken from him. Escorts and guards will be warned to take special precautions to
prevent prisoners from destroying papers.

4. Separation of Officers, N.C.O.'s and Men.

Care will be taken that officers, N.C.O.'s and privates are all separated from one another at once, and
are not allowed to communicate with one another. Prisoners who have been interrogated should not be
allowed to mix with those who have not yet been interrogated.
5. Notification of Locality of Capture.
It is essential that, when prisoners are sent back, information be sent with them which will show where
they were captured. Information as to the battalion which made the capture is a useful indication.
6. Authorized Persons only to converse with Prisoners.
It is most important that no officer or N.C.O., except those duly authorized, be allowed to interrogate or
converse with prisoners.
7. Prisoners of War Cage.
The Advanced Corps Cage will be situated at Vecquemont, N.11.b.8.7. and the Rear Corps Cage at
N.2.c.3.7.
Intelligence Officers and personnel will be stationed here, and will carry out a more detailed
interrogation and sort out captured documents.
The Advanced Corps Cage will be connected by telephone to Corps H.Q.
8. Prisoners.
The following procedure will be adopted for the disposal of prisoners:
After capture they will be escorted to the Advanced Divisional Collecting Cage, for examination by the
Divisional Intelligence Officer, who, after he has finished with them, will send them back to the
Advanced Corps Cage.
The sending back of prisoners should be carried out as quickly as possible, and several escorts should
be arranged for them to be passed back without any unusual delay. Instructions should be issued to
ensure that too many men are not employed on escort duty.
In the forward area directing notices should be placed to show the route to be taken to the Advanced
Divisional Collecting Cage.
Traffic control personnel should be conversant with the method of disposing of prisoners.
9. Identifications.
The importance of passing on all identifications as speedily as possible to Corps "I" cannot be too
strongly impressed on all concerned. It is essential that special efforts be made to wire at once, as soon
as identifications are made and the locality in which obtained.
10. Maps and Photographs.

The following maps are being issued:

(i) A large issue of 1/20,000 No. 62.D. South-East regular series for distribution to all officers.
(ii) 1/20,000 Map Message Form, for distribution down to N.C.O.'s.
(iii) A small issue of 1/10,000 Maps of forward area only.
(iv) 1/20,000 Barrage Map, for distribution down to Company Commanders.
(v) 1/40,000 Organization Map, together with notes on the enemy.

The following special photographs are being issued:

(a) A Mosaic of each Divisional front, squared and contoured and freely annotated, for distribution
down to N.C.O.'s.
(b) Oblique Photographs of each Divisional front, for distribution to all officers.

Battle Instructions No. 11

CO-OPERATION OF INFANTRY AND AIRCRAFT
1. Contact Aeroplanes.

(i) Indication of position by flares.

(a) Red ground flares will be used to indicate the infantry positions to contact aeroplanes. They
will be lit by infantry in the most advanced line only.
(b) A contact aeroplane will fly along the line of the first objective at zero plus 2 hours 30
minutes. Flares will be called for by the aeroplane sounding a succession of "A's" on the Klaxon
horn and by firing a white Very Light. If the aeroplane fails to mark the line accurately, it will
repeat its call ten minutes later.
Should the infantry not have reached the line of the objective at the time laid down above, the
contact aeroplane will return at half-hour intervals until flares are shown.
(c) A contact aeroplane will fly along the line of the second objective at zero plus 6 hours 30
minutes. It will call for flares, and the same procedure will be followed on this objective as on
the first objective until the flares are seen.
(d) A contact aeroplane will fly over third objective at zero plus 7 hours, when the procedure
laid down for the first objective will be observed until the flares are shown.
(e) Divisions will organize message-dropping stations in the vicinity of their Headquarters.
 (ii) Other means of identifying the position of the Infantry.

(a) Rifles.—Three or four rifles laid parallel across the top of the trench.
(b) Metal Discs.—Metal discs will be used as reflectors by flashing in the sun. This method has
been successful even on days which have not been particularly bright.
The disc is most easily carried sewn to the Small Box Respirator, and can be used in this way
without inconvenience.

2. Counter-attack Planes.

(a) From zero hour counter-attack planes will be constantly in the air, with the object of
observing hostile concentrations or abnormal movement.
(b) In the event of an enemy concentration indicating a counter-attack, the counter-attack
aeroplane will signal this information to the Artillery by wireless. In the case of a counter-
attack actually developing a white parachute flare will be fired by the aeroplane in the direction
of the troops moving for the impending counter-attack, for the information of the Infantry.

3. Ammunition-carrying Aeroplanes.

(a) Aeroplanes will be detailed to transport ammunition from zero plus 2 hours 30 minutes.
(b) Vickers guns will display a white "V" at the point where ammunition is to be dropped. The
arms of the "V" to be 6 feet in length and 1 foot in width. The apex of the "V" to point towards
the enemy.
(c) Ammunition aeroplanes will have the under-side of the lower planes painted black for a
distance of 2½ feet from the tips.

Battle Instructions No. 12

CONSOLIDATION
1. Divisions allotted to First Objective.

(a) Consolidation.—As soon as the first objective has been captured troops will dig in.
(b) Troops holding present front line.—The brigades of 2nd and 3rd Australian Divisions holding the
line on the night prior to zero will remain in their battle positions until all troops detailed to the
attack have passed through. They will then be organized and prepared to move to meet any
emergency.
2nd Australian Division will be prepared to detach its brigade to act in support of 5th Australian
Division, and 3rd Australian Division to detach its brigade in support of 4th Australian Division.
(c) Reorganization of Troops on First Objective.—As soon as the whole of the troops detailed to the
capture of second (red line) and third (blue line) objectives have passed through the line of the first
objective, 2nd and 3rd Australian Divisions will organize the defence of their sectors on the first
objective in depth in each brigade sub-sector. Units will be reorganized, and those not detailed to
the defence of the line will be withdrawn into support and held in readiness for eventualities. At
least one battalion in each brigade sub-sector should be withdrawn in this way.

2. Second Objective.
Consolidation.—As soon as the second objective (the red line) has been captured, the position will be
thoroughly consolidated. Arrangements will be made to ensure a supply of engineering material for this.
3. Main Line of Resistance.
 (a) When the third objective (the blue line) is attained, it will be organized and consolidated as the
main line of resistance.
(b) If the enemy is able to develop an immediate counter-attack, or if he has a definite plan, and
the troops available in close reserve for the defence of the blue line, it may not be possible to reach
the third objective. In this case the second objective (red line) will become the main line of
resistance, and will be consolidated and organized in depth accordingly.
(c) Definite plans will be prepared to deal with either case. The Corps must be prepared, as early
as possible, to fight a stiff defensive battle on the main line of resistance.

Battle Instructions No. 13

1. The 5th Australian Division will move into its assembly area by Brigade Groups as follows:

"A" Brigade Group on the night 4th-5th August from Montières to Camon and Rivery area. Quarters
have been arranged for one brigade, less one battalion. Shelters will be drawn from Area
Commandant, Camon, for this battalion.
"B" Brigade Group from Allonville area to forward area.
"C" Brigade Group from Vaux area to Allonville area.

2. For the purposes of staging, Poulainville will be included as one of the battalion areas of the Allonville
brigade area.
The camp in Bois de Mai has been allotted for the use of the 5th Division nucleus.
It is left to the discretion of the G.O.C., 5th Australian Division, as to whether the Battalion at
Poulainville moves on the night of 4th August.
3. On the night 5th-6th August the 5th Australian Division will continue its move into its allotted
assembly grounds in the forward area.
4. Rear parties are to be left in charge of all camps until handed over to the Area Commandant.
Battle Instructions No. 14
ARMOURED CAR BATTALION
1. The 17th Armoured Car Battalion has been placed at the disposal of the Australian Corps, and will
join the 5th Tank Brigade shortly.
2. This battalion is organized in two companies of eight (8) armoured cars each. Each armoured car
carries one forward and one rear Hotchkiss gun.
3. One and a half (1½) companies are allotted to the 5th Australian Division, and half (½) a company
will remain in Corps Reserve.
The half company detailed to remain in Corps Reserve will select a position of assembly in Square 0.26,
and will occupy this position by 9.30 p.m. on Y/Z night. During the action its orders will be transmitted
through the 5th Australian Divisional Signal Service. The Commander will arrange with the 5th
Australian Division accordingly.
4. As soon as the Battalion Commander or his representative reports to the 5th Tank Brigade, he will be
instructed to report to the General Staff, Australian Corps, and then to Headquarters, 5th Australian
Division.
Battle Instructions No. 14a
ARMOURED CAR BATTALION
1. The 17th Armoured Car Battalion is being given definite rôles in accordance with paragraph 3 of
Battle Instructions No. 14. The rôles assigned to this battalion may carry the cars forward for a
considerable distance into enemy territory, and may necessitate their returning through other Divisional
Sectors than that of the 5th Australian Division.
2. British Armoured Cars can be recognized by the red and white band markings which are similar to
those of the British Tanks.
3. All troops will be warned of the possibility of our armoured cars coming into our own sector, and of
the way in which they are marked.
Battle Instructions No. 15
ZERO HOUR—SYNCHRONIZATION OF WATCHES
1. Zero Hour.
Zero hour will be notified in writing from Australian Corps Headquarters by noon on the day prior to
zero.
2. Synchronization of Watches.
Watches will be synchronized by officers detailed by Australian Corps Headquarters, who will visit
Headquarters in the following order, leaving Corps Headquarters shortly after noon and 6 p.m. on Y
day:

(a) One officer to Headquarters Heavy Artillery, 3rd Australian Division and 4th Australian Division.
(b) One officer to 2nd Australian Division and 5th Australian Division.

Battle Instructions No. 16

AIRCRAFT
1. The Air Forces which will operate on the Australian Corps front during the battle will be as follows:

(a) Corps Squadron—3rd Australian Squadron.

(b) 5th Tank Brigade—8th Squadron.
(c) The 22nd Wing, consisting of eight Scout Squadrons, which will be exclusively employed in
engaging ground targets by bombing and machine-gunning along the whole Army front.
(d) One night-bombing squadron—101st Bombing Squadron.
(e) One Reconnaissance Squadron—48th Squadron.

Four additional day-bombing squadrons and three additional night-bombing squadrons are being
obtained from other Wings for co-operation with the above, making 19 Squadrons in all.
2. Low-flying Scouts.
The low-flying scouts of the 22nd Wing are being detailed on an even distribution to the Corps front.
They will operate in two phases, viz.:

(a) From zero to zero plus four hours eastward from the green line.
(b) From zero plus four hours onwards eastwards from the red line.

In each phase favourable targets will be engaged in addition to the targets marked by the green and
red lines.
3. Markings on Planes.
The following will be the special markings of machines allotted to special duties:

(a) Contact patrol machines—Rectangular panels 2' by 1' on both lower planes about three feet
from the fuselage.
(b) Machines working with Tanks—Black band on middle of right side of tail.

4. Ammunition-carrying Squadron.
Aeroplanes carrying small arms ammunition will drop it at points as laid down in Battle Instructions No.
11, para. 3 (b). The first ammunition-carrying planes will arrive over the battlefield at zero plus seven
hours.
5. Aeroplane Smoke Screens.
In addition to carrying small arms ammunition, this Squadron will be employed to drop phosphorus
smoke bombs to obstruct the enemy's view. The areas to be screened and the time at which the
screening in each case shall cease in order not to interfere with the advance of the Infantry will be
shown on a map to be issued later.
Battle Instructions No. 17
ARTILLERY ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE LAST NIGHT BEFORE ZERO
1. S.O.S.

(i) Each line division will arrange for four field artillery brigades, or an equivalent number of guns,
to fire on S.O.S. lines at any time up to zero minus fifteen minutes.
(ii) From zero minus fifteen minutes until zero hour S.O.S. arrangements will be inoperative.

2. Heavy Artillery.
In the event of the enemy opening a gas bombardment on the Villers-Bretonneux area, arrangements
have been made for the co-operation of the Canadian Corps Heavy Artillery in an artillery counter-attack
on enemy batteries. The Canadian Corps will deal with the enemy artillery about Wiencourt and
Marcelcave. Fire will be opened, on application, direct between the two Corps Headquarters.
G.O.C., R.A., Australian Corps, will arrange details with G.O.C., R.A., Canadian Corps.
Battle Instructions No. 18
These are not reproduced. They refer only to Wireless Code Calls prescribed for all units.
Battle Instructions No. 19
LIAISON ARRANGEMENTS
1. Officers are detailed for liaison duties as follows:

(a) At Canadian Corps Headquarters—Capt. Shearman, D.S.O., M.C.

(b) At Third Corps Headquarters—Major R. Morrell, D.S.O.
(c) With 1st Australian Division—To be notified.
(d) With 2nd Australian Division—Major H. Page, M.C.
(e) With 3rd Australian Division—Lt.-Col. A. R. Woolcock, D.S.O.
(f) With 4th Australian Division—Major G. F. Dickinson, D.S.O.
(g) With 5th Australian Division—Lt.-Col. N. Marshall, D.S.O.

2. The main function of the liaison officer is to relieve the Staff of the fighting formation of the necessity
of:

(a) Supplying information to Australian Corps Headquarters.

(b) Collecting information from Corps Headquarters for transmission to the formation for whom
they are carrying out liaison duties. It is their function to save the Staff as far as possible, and not
to get in the way. At the same time, they are expected to keep Corps Headquarters and the
formation to which they are attached fully informed of events.

3. Direct telephone lines exist between Australian Corps Headquarters and neighbouring Corps.
For the battle there is a special General Staff switchboard with direct lines to 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th
Australian Divisions.
4. An information bureau will be established in a marquee to be erected on the lawn in front of the
Headquarters offices. Major W. W. Berry will be in charge of this bureau. It will be provided with a
telephone, writing material, maps, etc.
Liaison officers from other formation at Australian Corps Headquarters will be accommodated in this
marquee.
During the battle officers whose business does not require them to visit the General Staff Office will
make all inquiries at this office for information as to the progress of the operations.
Battle Instructions No. 20
CAVALRY
1. The First Cavalry Brigade, plus one company of Whippet Tanks attached, comes under the command
of the Australian Corps Commander at 9 p.m. on Y/Z night.
2. Its function is to assist in carrying out the main Cavalry rôle by seizing any opportunity which may
occur to push through this Corps front.
3. The First Cavalry Brigade will operate north of the Amiens—Chaulnes railway in conjunction with 5th
Australian Division. It will move from its assembly position in Square n.32 under orders of G.O.C., 1st
Cavalry Division, via the southern side of Bois de l'Abbé.
It will cross to the north side of the railway east of Villers-Bretonneux.
It will push forward patrols to keep in touch with 8th and 15th Australian Brigades.
After crossing the railway the main body of 1st Cavalry Brigade will march roughly parallel to it, keeping
close touch with the remainder of 1st Cavalry Division to the south.
4. If a break in enemy's resistance occurs, the remainder of the 1st Cavalry Division may be employed
in support of 1st Cavalry Brigade.
5. Command of 1st Cavalry Brigade will pass from Australian Corps to the 1st Cavalry Division when the
Infantry reaches the red line unless the brigade is required in the area south of the Australian Corps to
exploit success gained before that hour. This will be determined by G.O.C., 1st Cavalry Division, who will
inform Australian Corps and 5th Australian Division, and issue orders direct to 1st Cavalry Brigade.
Battle Instructions No. 21
NOTIFICATION OF DATE AND TIME OF BATTLE
1. Reference paragraph 1 of General Staff Memo. No. AC/42, dated 7th instant, ZERO will be 4.20 a.m.
8th instant.
 INDEX
Administrative Services, 12.

Aeroplanes first used to carry small arms ammunition, 59.

As noise camouflage, 105.

Air Force, 13, 171.

Albert, 30, 36, 79.

Allied Offensive, Aug. 8th:

Conference at Flexicourt, 73.
Outline of plan, 73-80.
Three phases, 84.
Disposition of brigades, 93-94.
Artillery calibration, 102.
Tanks, 104.
Armoured cars, 107.
Intelligence Service, 112.
Air Squadron, 113.
Day before battle, 119.
Zero hour, 4.20 a.m., 120.
Guns begin, 121.
First phase completed, 122.
"Outwards" telegrams, 123.
Enemy completely surprised, 125.
Third Corps failed to reach objective, 126.
Armoured cars, sensational report, 127.
Guns and booty captured, 129.
Ludendorff's comments, 130.
General meeting at Villers-Bretonneux, 132.
The King at Bertangles, 132.

American Army's first great attack, 206, 259.

First offensive battle, Hamel, 59.
Second Corps, 235.
To join Fourth British Army, 236, 243, 254.
1,200 taken prisoners, 262.
131st Regt., 136, 143.
27th Div., 275, 278.
30th Div., 275, 278.
33rd Div., 52.

Amiens, defence of, 26 et seq.

Anzac, First and Second Corps, 7.

Corps, abolition of, 9.
Day, 3rd anniversary, 37.
Arcy Wood, 161, 163.

Armistice requested by enemy, 280.

Army Corps improvised, 2.

Constitution and scope, 3.

Artillery barrage, 228-229.

Classification of, 12.

Assevillers, 221, 247.

Aubigny, 31.

Australian Army Corps constituted, 9.

United, 10.

Australian Corps Headquarters, Bertangles, 35.

Australian Soldier's high moral, 288.

Adaptability, 291.
Instinct for "square deal," 292.

Australian Staff watchword, "Efficiency," 295.

Australia's five Divisions, 5.

Authie, 25.

Bapaume, 198.

Basseux, 24.

Battles on grand scale finished, 281.

Beaurevoir, 218, 258, 276.

Bell, Maj.-Gen. John, 52, 136.

Bellenglise, 219.
Captured, 260.

Bellicourt taken, 261.

Bellicourt Tunnel, 219, 237.

Bertangles, Australian Corps H.Q., 35, 52, 132.

Biaches, 198.

Bingham, Lt.-Col., 106.

Birdwood, Gen., 9, 36, 40, 132.

Birdwood, Gen. Sir William:
Commands First Anzac Corps, 7.
Appointed Commander Australian Imperial Force, 10.
Appointed Commander Fifth British Army, 10, 40, 209.

Blamey, Brig.-Gen., 296.

Bony captured, 267.

Bouchavesnes, 182.

Bourlon Wood, 259.

Braithwaite, Lieut.-Gen., 204, 221.

Brancourt, 259.

Bray, 137, 148, 155, 158, 195.

Brie, 196, 198.

Brigade reductions, 15.

British Fifth Army, 40, 219.

Brown, Corpl. W., captures officer and 11 men, 66.

Bryce, Lt.-Col., 106.

Bussy, 62.

Butler, Gen., Third Corps, 73, 136, 221.

Byng, Gen., 27, 134.

Calibration, 102.

Cambrai, 259.

Canadians, 73, 75, 76, 115, 122, 129, 133, 134, 136, 139, 140, 198, 259.

Canadian Troops, fixed constitution, 5.

Cannan, Brig.-Gen., 27.

Cappy, 137, 157, 166.

Captive Balloon Service, 14.

Carter, Lieut.-Col. E. J., 108.

Cavalry first employed, 201.

Cerisy, 136.

Cessation of hostilities, 281.

Chamier, 22.

Château-Thierry, 72.
End of German offensive, 72.

Chipilly, 126, 136, 137.

Chuignes, 152, 156.

Churchill, Mr. Winston, 209.

Clemenceau, M.:
Speech to troops after Hamel battle, 62.
After Aug. 8th, 132.

Cléry, 170-180.

Combles, 198.

Commanders and Staffs, 16-17.

Congreve, Gen., his first order, 26.

Contact aeroplanes, 171.

Cook, Sir Joseph, 55.

Corps Cavalry, 11.

Corps Commander's responsibilities, 4.

Corps Conferences, 150.

Corps Signal Troops, 11.

Corps Troops, 11.

Couin, 25.

Courage, Brig.-Gen., 50, 106, 222.

Couturelle, 24.

Cox, Maj.-Gen. Sir H. W., 9.

Crossing the Somme, plan for, 178.

Cummings, Brig.-Gen., 29.

Curlu, 170.

Currie, Gen., 73, 132, 140.

Dernancourt, 31, 33.

Difficulties of Army in retreat, 280.

Disorganized British retreat, 23.

Division, the fighting unit, 2.

Division I., 18, 34, 40, 43, 73, 117, 134, 139, 140, 146, 152, 166, 203, 205, 221, 232, 243, 281.
Last fight, 233.

Division II., 18, 34, 40, 43, 65, 67, 71, 86, 115, 122, 135, 139, 146, 165, 170, 184, 257, 266, 270, 275,
277, 279.
Last fight, 279.

Division III., 18, 20, 31, 37, 40, 53, 86, 115, 122, 126, 137, 142, 146, 155, 158, 165, 170, 184, 191,
200, 201, 205, 235, 253, 261, 263, 265, 268, 270.
Last fight, 270.

Division IV., 18, 24, 30, 33, 65, 89, 115, 117, 126, 137, 146, 164, 203, 205, 221, 232, 233, 243, 281.
Last fight, 233.

Division V., 18, 34, 65, 76, 89, 115, 134, 146, 165, 169, 184, 193, 235, 253, 261, 262, 267.
Last fight, 270.

Doullens, population prepare to evacuate, 23.

First move, 22-23.

Dummy Tanks, 223.

Efficient Army more potent than League of Nations, 298.

Elles, Gen., 44, 221.

End of German offensive, 72.

Enemy attack in the South, July 15th, 72.

Comments on our successes, 66-67.
Discover our movement South, 116.
Move from Russian to Western Front, 20.
"On the run," 168.
Propaganda, 160.
Reserves melting away, 42.
Reserves absorbed, 206.
Secure our "Recruiting
Cable," 159.
Withdraws in disorder, 170.
Engineers, Companies of, 12.

Estries, 258.

Eterpigny, 196.

Etinehem, 137.

Fairfax, Lieut.-Col. Ramsay-, 106.

Farewell Order to Third Division, 41.

Farewell Order, 282.

Feuillancourt, 185.

Feuillères, 137.

Fifth Army defensive unduly attenuated, 23.

Fifth British Army, 21.

First Australian Division, 5.

First British Army attack, Aug. 26th, 198.

First Order from 10th Corps, 25.

Flamicourt, 191.

Flanders' liquid mud, 18, 20.

Flexicourt Conference, 73.

Foch, Marshal, appointed Supreme Commander, 37; 142, 200.

Fontaine, 169.

Foott, Brig.-Gen., 196.

Forty-sixth Imperial Division, 260.

Foucaucourt, 169.

Fourth Army enlarged, 204.

British flank with French, 37.

Fourth and Fifth Australian Divisions, 6.

Framerville, 135.

Franvillers, 27, 33.

Fraser, Brig.-Gen., 173, 222.

French Army's different outlook, 71.

Frevent, 23.

"Fuse 106" as wire cutter, 257.

Garenne Wood, 157.

Gellibrand, Maj.-Gen., 268.

German attack, March 21st, 1918, 21.

Propaganda, 160.
Withdrawal general on all fronts, Sept. 4th, 205.

Germany's "Black Day," 130.

Crack regiments opposed to Australians, 183.
Surrender due to military defeat, 287.
Determining cause, breach of Hindenburg defences, 287.

Gillemont Farm, 251, 267.

Glasgow, Maj.-Gen., 158, 221.

Godley, Lieut.-Gen. Sir A., commands Second Anzac Corps, 7, 132, 136, 199, 204.

Gouy, 262.

Grimwade, Brig.-Gen., 30.

Haig, Brig.-Gen. Neil, 201.

Field Marshal, 54, 62, 132, 209, 250.

Hamel, proposed operation against, 44-48.

Battle of, planned, 51.
Zero fixed, 56.
Over in 93 minutes, 56.
Official commentary, 57.
Americans' first offensive battle, 59.
No gas shells used, 60.
Congratulatory messages, 61.
M. Clemenceau's speech, 62-3.
Dinner at Amiens to celebrate victory, 63-64.
End of British defensive, 64.

Hamel Wood, 33, 39, 44, 56.

Hangard, 34, 36.

Hargicourt, Zero hour, 5.20 a.m. Sept. 8th, 226.

Red line reached before 10 o'clock, 232.
 Outpost line captured, 232.

Haut Allaines, 200.

Hautcloque, 23.

Hazebrouck, 35.

Headquarters of Army Corps, 11.

Hebuterne, 25.

Heilly, 28.

Hem, 170.

Herleville, 152.

Hill 90, 157.

Hill 104, 33, 36, 65.

Hindenburg Line, 199.

Purpose of, 214.
St. Quentin-Cambrai section, 215.
Germans' elaborate system of trenches, 217.
Hargicourt line, 218.
Capture of plans of German defence scheme, 219.
Plan for attacking, 221.
Machine gun barrage, 223.
Dummy tanks, 223.
Tapes for Infantry start line, 224.
Direction boards, 225.
Plan for further advance, 236-240.
America's Second Corps in battle front, 242.
Australian and American Divisions, 254.
Mustard gas first used, 256.
Destroying wire entanglements, 256.
Disposition of Divisions, 258.
Two phases, 258.
Zero hour, 5.50 a.m. Sept. 29th, 259.
Fifth Australians hung up, 261.
Americans held up, 261.
Forget to mop up, 262.
Change of plan, 264.
Enemy relinquish tunnel defences, 268.
Collapse of the whole defences, 279.

Hobbs, Maj.-Gen., 108, 169, 193.

Hughes, W. M., 55.

Message from, 61, 281.

Hunn, Maj. A. S., 210.

Infantry advance behind barrage, 229.

Infantry Brigade reductions, 15.

"Instantaneous" fuse, 257.

Joncourt, 258, 267.

July 18th, French and American counter-stroke, 72.

Kavanagh, Gen., Cavalry Corps, 73, 132.

King, the, at Bertangles, 132.

Knob, the, 267.

Knoll, the, 267.

Labour Corps, 12.

La Flaque, 129.

La Neuville, 155.

Last Australian battle in Great War, 279.

La Verguier, 232.

League of Nations less potent than efficient Army, 298.

"Leap Frog" tactics, 81.

Le Cateau, 281.

Le Catelet, 218, 261.

Leslie, Brig.-Gen. W. B., 9.

Lewis, Maj.-Gen., 246.

Lewis Gun detachments, 91.

"Liaison Force," 143.

Lihons, 135.

Losses, comparison of, 289.

Ludendorff's comments on Aug. 8th attack, 130.

Lyon, Lt.-Col., 106.

Maclagan, Maj.-Gen., 24, 26, 30, 52, 136, 221, 243, 247.

McNicoll, Brig.-Gen., 24, 28.

March 22nd, 1918, first move, 21.

Marett Wood, 29.

Martin, Brig.-Gen., 185.

Marwitz, Gen. von der, 281.

Maurepas, 198.

Max (Prince) of Baden, 280.

Mechanical Transport, 11.

Méricourt, 133, 139.

Mills's grenades, 248.

Minor battles begun, 37.

Result, 38-39.

Monash, Lieut.-Gen., Sir John:

In command First Australian Div., 5.
Third Australian Div., 6.
Australian Army Corps, 10.
17th Imperial Div., 16.
32nd Imperial Div., 16.
27th American Div., 16.
30th American Div., 16.
Without orders, 23.
Honoured by the King, 132.
Hands over command to General Read, 279.

Mondicourt, 24.

Monster German Naval 15-inch gun captured, 161.

Montbrehain, 278.
Last Australian battle, 279.

Montgomery, 132.

Mont St. Martin, 275.

Mont St. Quentin, 177, 182.

Second Prussian Guards defend, 183.
 Captured, 184, 193.

Monument Wood, 67.

Mopping up, 229, 248.

Result of neglecting, 252, 262.

Morain, M., entertains British and French Army officers after Hamel, 64.

Moral v. material, 279.

Motor Ambulance Corps, 12.

Mound, the, 78.

Mullens, Maj.-Gen., letter of appreciation, 31.

Mustard gas, 78, 255.

Nauroy, 218, 263, 267.

Nielles-lez-Blequin, 20.

Noise camouflage, 105.

Nollet, Gen., 164.

Noyons, 198.

Officers and men, relations between, 293.

Ommiécourt, 137.

O'Ryan Maj.-Gen., 246.

Partington, Major, 106.

Pas, 25.

Péronne, 148, 182.

Enemy defence of, 183.
Taken, 191.

Poulainville, 129.

Prince Max of Baden, 280.

Prisoners, treatment of, 210.

Excuses for surrender, 213.
Cages, 209.
"Pigeons" employed to gain information, 211.
Proyart, 139.

Prussian Guards hold Mont St. Quentin, 183.

Quennemont Farm, 251, 263.

Ramicourt, 277.

Ramsay-Fairfax, Lieut.-Col., 106.

Rawlinson, Gen. Lord, 35-44, 52, 72, 73, 96, 132, 166, 181, 192, 221, 235, 236, 241, 250, 274, 278.

Read, Maj.-Gen. G. W., 243, 278, 279.

Reorganization of Brigades, 272-3.

Repatriation of Australian Forces, 282.

Results, analysis of, 284 et seq.

Rheims, 259.

Robertson, Maj. P. R., 142.

Roisel, 204.

Rosenthal, Brig.-Gen., 24, 43, 67, 169, 192, 278.

Rosières, 129.

Roye, 133, 141, 198.

Sailly-Laurette, 29.

Sailly-le-Sec, 31.

Second Australian Division, 5.

"Set-piece" operations, 226.

"Siegfried Line," 214.

Skene, Brig.-Gen. P. G. M., 9.

Smoke shells, 169.

Smyth, Sir N. M., V.C., 9.

Soissons, German withdrawal, 78.

Somme Canal, 174.
Line of, 148.
Enemy retreat, 182.

Somme, North, 34.

Plan for crossing, 178.
South, 34.

St. Christ, 198.

St. Denis, 190.

St. Gratien, 33.

St. Mihiel Salient attack, Sept. 11th, 206.

St. Quentin Canal, 216, 232.

Tanks, 14, 44, 48, 49, 91, 104, 276.

Improved type, 48.
Dummy, 223.
"Star," 91.

Teamwork, 150.

Third Australian Division, 6.

Third British Army attack Aug. 21st, 154, 198, 221.

Time-table for successive Army engagements impossible, 153.

Tivoli Wood, 170.

Toulorge, Gen., 42.

Treux Wood, 29.

Tunnellers, 12.

Underground shelters, galleries and dug-outs, German, 249.

Vaire Wood, 39, 56.

Vaux, 49.

Vauxvillers, 133, 135.

Verdun, 259.

Vermandovillers, 169.
Villers-Bretonneux, 33, 36, 37, 64, 67, 78.

Visitors to Corps, 208.

Lord Milner, 209.
Mr. Winston Churchill, 209.

Wackett, Capt., Australian Flying Corps, 60.

Walker, Maj.-Gen. Sir H. B., 9.

Warneton, early 1918, 18.

Whippet tanks, 276.

Wiancourt, 277.

Wilson, Sir Henry, 132.

Wisdom, Brig.-Gen., 143.

Ypres, 260.

Zero hour, Aug. 8th, 120.

Hamel, 56.
Hargicourt, 226.
Hindenburg Line, 259.
Printed at The Chapel River Press, Kingston, Surrey.
 Transcriber's Note
Obvious errors of punctuation and diacritical markings were corrected.
Inconsistent hyphenation was made consistent.
P. 123: No correction made to "Sent at 2.5 p.m."
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