Happy Grove High, Titchfield, Annotto Bay, Seaforth High, Immaculate, Wolmer’s, St.

Mary
High Graph Tutorial

June , Paper II, Question # (Exact date – not known)

You are advised to spend no more than 30 minutes on this question.

In pole-vaulting, most of the kinetic energy that the athlete possesses at the end of his run-up is
converted to gravitational potential energy. The centre of gravity of the athlete is raised from
height, ho, to height, h. It is known that the height he achieves depends on his speed at the end of
his run-up.
Table 1
Height Achieved, h / m Speed, v / m s-1 Speed Squared, v2 / m2 s-2
3.3 7.25
3.8 7.80
4.2 8.40
4.5 8.80
4.9 9.35
5.3 9.70

a) Calculate and tabulate the values of v2 in Table 1 above. (3 marks)

b) Starting both scales from 0, plot a graph of v 2 against h. (9 marks)
c) Determine the gradient of the graph (5 marks)
d) The intercept ho on the x-axis represents the height of the centre of gravity of the athlete above
the ground before he takes off. Determine ho of the graph (2 marks)
e) Read off from the graph the value of h which corresponds to v = 9.0 m / s. (2 marks)

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f) i) Calculate the kinetic energy the athlete would have when his speed was 9.0 m / s, if his mass
were 80 kg. (3 marks)
ii) If this kinetic energy were all converted to potential energy, what increase in height of the
centre of gravity would you expect? (3 marks)
iii) What total height would he achieve in this case? (1 mark)
iv) Suggest TWO possible causes to account for the difference between this total height and the
corresponding value from the graph. (2 marks)
[acceleration due to gravity, g = 10 m s -2]
Total = 30 marks
………………………………………………………………………………………………

June , Paper II, Question # (Exact date – not known)

You are advised to spend no more than 30 minutes on this question.

The apparatus below is that used by a student to measure the specific latent heat of vaporization
of water. A heater placed in the beaker of water that stands on the top of an electronic weighing
scale so that the mass of the beaker and water may be measured.

In this question, assume that no heat is lost to the atmosphere.

a) Define specific latent heat of vaporization. (2 marks)

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Happy Grove High, Titchfield, Annotto Bay, Seaforth High, Immaculate, Wolmer’s, St. Mary
High Graph Tutorial
b) As soon as the water is boiling, the student notes down the reading on the scale and start a
timer. Every one hundred seconds the student records the reading on the scale. The results
obtained are shown in the table below:

Time/s 0 100 200 300 400

Reading on Scale 203.22 201.62 199.79 198.26 196.50

i) Draw a table to show the total mass of water evaporated after 100 s, 200 s, 300 s and 400 s
(calculate from 0 to 100 s, 0 to 200 s and so on). (4 marks)
ii) The heater supplies energy at a rate of 38 J/s. Add to your table values showing the energy
provided by the heater in 100 s, 200 s, 300 s and 400 s (that is from 0 to 100 s, 0 to 200 s and so
on). (4 marks)
c) Plot a graph of energy supplied (y-axis) against mass of water evaporated (x-axis), Start axis
at (0, 0). (7 marks)
d) Determine the gradient of the graph. Explain how the specific latent heat of vaporization of
the water related to this gradient. (4 marks)
e) The voltage of the power supply connected to the heater is doubled. Describe and explain the
effects this has on the readings obtained, as well as on the result. (4 marks)
Total = 25 marks
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
M.D. 2002, Paper II, Question #1

You are advised to spend no more than 30 minutes on this question.

1. Students are asked by their teacher to use the relationship h = ½ gt2 to find the height that a
ball will fall from in the time recorded in the table below.

time, t/s 0 0.91 1.73 2.64 3.67 4.15 4.50

time squared, t2/s2
height, h/m

a) Use the formula (h = ½ gt2) to fill out the table above (g is the acceleration due to gravity =
9.81 m s-2) (4 marks)
b) Use the completed table to construct a graph of height against time squared.

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Happy Grove High, Titchfield, Annotto Bay, Seaforth High, Immaculate, Wolmer’s, St. Mary
High Graph Tutorial
(9 marks)
c) Calculate the gradient, S, of the graph. (4 marks)
d) What does the gradient of the graph represent? (1 mark)
e) From the graph, deduce the distance the ball will travel in 2.9 s. (2 marks)
f) What time will the ball take to travel a distance of 90 m? (2 marks)
g) If the gradient, S, when squared, is equal to 2g( 1/2gt2), calculate t. (3 marks)
Total=25 marks
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
June 2001, Paper II, Question #1

a) i) A small block of wood (mass 0.50 kg) slides from rest down an inclined track with
negligible friction. The distance, x, travelled after certain times, t, was measured and the graph of
x against t plotted (on previous page). Use the graph to complete Table 1 below.
x/m 0
t/s 0 0.50 0.80 1.00 1.20 1.40 1.50
t2/s2 0
Table 1
(7 marks)
ii) State which of the timings is the least accurate and explain why. (2 marks)
iii) Use data in your Table 1 to plot a graph of t2 against x on graph paper. (9 marks)
iv) Find the slope, S, of your graph. (4 marks)
v) Given that 2/a = S, where a, is the acceleration of the block down the slope, find a.
(2 marks)
vi) Calculate the force which must be acting on the block to cause the acceleration.
(3 marks)
vii) If the block reaches the end of the track after 1.6 s, calculate its final speed.
(2 marks)
Total = 29 marks
………………………………………………………………………………………………..

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Happy Grove High, Titchfield, Annotto Bay, Seaforth High, Immaculate, Wolmer’s, St. Mary
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Happy Grove High, Titchfield, Annotto Bay, Seaforth High, Immaculate, Wolmer’s, St. Mary
High Graph Tutorial
……………………………………………………………………………………………
June 2004, Paper II, Question #1

You are to spend no more than half hour on this question.

1. A car that cannot start because of a ‘dead’ battery may sometimes be ‘push started’. This
involves applying an external horizontal force to accelerate it up to a speed at which the engine
can operate on its own. The car will then increase its acceleration in the direction in which it
was pushed.

The dynamics of a ‘push start’ was investigated by measuring the distance covered from rest at
five (5) second intervals. The results obtained are tabulated below.
Time, t/s 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Distance, s/m 0 2.80 11.4 25.6 45.6 73.5 122 207
Velocity, v/ms-1 5.88 13.4 20.9
PUSHING PHASE ENGINE DRIVEN
STAGE
a) The velocity, v, and the distance, s, during pushing are related by the equation:

v =  0.5 s
Use this relationship to complete the table. (2 marks)
b) During the pushing phase the acceleration of the car is constant. It is also constant during the
engine driven stage. Plot the complete velocity-time graph of this push start and the engine
driven stage. (10 marks)
c) Find the acceleration of the car while it is being pushed. (6 marks)
d) The mass of the car is 1.25 x 103 kg. Determine the NET force needed to give this mass the
acceleration calculated in part c). (3 marks)
e) The car in this example experiences constant resistive force of 1400 N. Determine the
external pushing force that MUST be applied to give the car the acceleration calculated in part
(c). (3 marks)

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Happy Grove High, Titchfield, Annotto Bay, Seaforth High, Immaculate, Wolmer’s, St. Mary
High Graph Tutorial
f) One of the forces opposing the motion of the car is friction in the engine and other moving
parts. Explain the nature of this friction. (3 marks)
g) Determine the distance covered by the car during the FIRST 22 seconds of its motion.
(3 marks)
Total = 30 marks
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
June 2007, Paper II, Question #1

No more than ½ hour should be spent on this question.

DATA ANALYSIS

A student investigates the relationship between the volume and temperature of a mixed mass of
gas at a constant pressure of 1 atmosphere.

The results she obtained are shown in the table below.

Temperature / oC 20 50 100 150 200 250

Volume / cm3 49.1 54.0 61.3 70.5 78.9 87.0

a) With the aid of a diagram, describe a method that the student could have used to obtain her
results. (6 marks)
b) Plot a graph of volume, V, (y-axis) against temperature, T, (x-axis). The axes have been
drawn for you. The scale for the x-axis should include the range -300 oC to +300 oC, with 50 oC
per division. Label the graph line of V against T “Line 1”.
c) From the graph determine V1, the volume of the gas at -120 oC. (2 marks)
d) At what temperature is the volume 2V1? (2 marks)
e) Determine the slope, S, of the graph. Include its units. (4 marks)
f) From your graph read off the temperature, T o, at which the volume would be zero. Explain the
significance of To. (3 marks)
g) The equation of the graph line is V = mT + C. Write down the values of m and C.
(2 marks)
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Happy Grove High, Titchfield, Annotto Bay, Seaforth High, Immaculate, Wolmer’s, St. Mary
High Graph Tutorial
h) The pressure of the gas is doubled and the experiment repeated. Draw, on the same set of
axes, the line that would be obtained if the experiment is repeated at this higher pressure. Label
this line “Line 2”. (2 marks)
Total = 30 marks
……………………………………………………………………………………………………...
June 2000 & January / June 2002 Specimen Paper, Paper II, Question # 1

A student investigates the properties of a spring and obtains the following results of the variation
of the length of a spring with load.
Load/N 4.0 8.0 12.0 16.0 20.0 24.0 28.0 32.0
Length/mm 18.4 20.5 22.4 24.3 26.4 28.5 31.3 36.4

a) Use these values to plot a graph of length against load on graph paper.
(10 marks)
b) Find the slope, S, of the graph. (4 marks)
c) Given that the spring’s constant = 1/S, find the spring’s constant. (2 marks)
d) Use your graph to determine the spring's length when the load is zero. (2 marks)
e) What is the value of the spring's EXTENSION when the load attached is 14 N?
(2 marks)
f) What mass must be placed on the spring to produce an extension of 9 mm?
(5 marks)
g) Describe the procedure the student may have used to obtain the results. State the precautions
the student should have taken to ensure the accuracy of the readings and to prevent damage to
the spring. (5 marks)
Total = 30 marks
……………………………………………………………………………………………...

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Happy Grove High, Titchfield, Annotto Bay, Seaforth High, Immaculate, Wolmer’s, St. Mary
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January 2003, Paper II, Question #1

A bicycle pump is modified by replacing the handle with a flat plate onto which masses can be
placed. The plate carries an attached pointer that is next to a vertical scale as shown in Figure 1.
The bottom of the pump is sealed so that a fixed mass of gas is trapped inside. Initially masses,
M, are added to the flat plate until the pointer reaches the 5 cm mark. The masses are then
removed in steps; the trapped gas expands and drives up the piston, increasing the upward
displacement L. Corresponding values of L and M are recorded in the table below.

(Assume the temperature of the gas is kept constant throughout the experiment.)
TABLE 1
Mass M (kg) 118 48.0 25.0 13.0 6.00 2.00
Displacement L (cm) 5.00 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0
-1
1/L (cm )

a) i) Calculate corresponding values of 1/L and complete Table 1. (4 marks)

ii) Plot M vs. 1/L on graph paper. (9 marks)
iii) Determine the slope, S, of the graph and give its unit. (4 marks)
b) i) What is the value of L when M = 0? (2 marks)
ii) The results of this experiment can be used to verify Boyle’s Law. State Boyle’s Law as
clearly and as completely as you can. (3 marks)

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 Happy Grove High, Titchfield, Annotto Bay, Seaforth High, Immaculate, Wolmer’s, St. Mary
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iii) State TWO precautions that Boyle’s Law suggests for this experiment. (2 marks)
c) i) The piston have a radius of 2.5 cm. Calculate its area in m 2. (3 marks)
Calculate the pressure applied to the trapped mass of gas when a mass of 100 kg rest on the flat
plate. (3 marks)
Total = 30 marks
……………………………………………………………………………………………...
June 2006, Paper II, Question #1

A student was asked to investigate the variation in temperature of 2 kg of water initially when
heat energy was supplied to it by an electric heater rated at 1400 W. The following
measurements were taken and recorded in Table 1.
Table 1
Temperature of water, θ/oC 30.0 40.0 51.0 62.5 72.0 80.0 89.0
Heating time, t/s 0 60 120 180 240 300 360
Temperature change, A9 = (θ - 30)/ oC 0
Energy supplied, Q = 14OOt/J 0

a) Complete the table above. (3 marks)

b) Plot on the graph page a graph of energy supplied against temperature change.
(11 marks)
c) Calculate the gradient of the graph. (6 marks)
d) Assuming that the energy loss to the container and the surroundings is negligible, what
physical quantity does this gradient represent? (1 mark)
e) Determine the value of this quantity if 1 kg of water were used and state the quantity this
represents. (2 marks)
f) Water boils at 100 oC. Calculate the heat energy which must be supplied in order to
completely convert the 2 kg of water to steam. (3 marks)
g) Distinguish between boiling and evaporation. (4 marks)
[Specific latent heat of vaporization = 2.3 x 106 J kg-1]
Total = 30 marks
……………………………………………………………………………………………

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Happy Grove High, Titchfield, Annotto Bay, Seaforth High, Immaculate, Wolmer’s, St. Mary
High Graph Tutorial
June 1998, Paper II, Question 1

You should NOT spend more than 30 minutes on this question.

The apparatus shown in Figure 1 above may be used to investigate how the volume of a fixed
mass of gas at constant temperature varies when the pressure is changed. Air is trapped in a
uniform glass tube which has a scale behind it calibrated in cm 3. As the pressure in the oil
chamber is increased using the pump, oil is forced into the glass tube, decreasing the volume of
the air. The pressure, in k Pa, is indicated by a gauge filled to the oil chamber.

The graph on page 2 was plotted from data gathered using the apparatus shown in Figure 1.

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Happy Grove High, Titchfield, Annotto Bay, Seaforth High, Immaculate, Wolmer’s, St. Mary
High Graph Tutorial
a) How would you make sure that the temperature of the gas was constant during the
experiment'? (1 mark)
b) It is suggested that if the temperature is constant, the pressure, P, of a fixed mass of gas is
inversely proportional to the volume, V, that is

1/V = k x P where k is a constant.

To test whether the relationship applies in this case, read off values of V from the graph to
complete Table 1 below. Calculate the corresponding values of 1/V.

Pressure p/k Pa Volume, V/cm3 (1/V)/crn-3

100
150
200
230
270
300
Table 1
(9 marks)
(c) On page 5 (graph paper), plot a graph of 1/V against P. (8 marks)
d) What conclusion can you draw from the graph you have plotted? Give a reason for your
answer. (2 marks)
e) The gradient of the graph is equal to the value of k. Find k. (5 marks)
f) i) What would be the volume of the air in the tube if the pressure could be increased to 550 k
Pa? (Assume the equation in b) on page 3 applies.) (3 marks)
ii) The maximum volume of the air in the tube is 65 cm 3. Calculate the pressure of the air for
this volume. (2 marks)
Total = 30 marks
…………………………………………………………………………………………….

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Happy Grove High, Titchfield, Annotto Bay, Seaforth High, Immaculate, Wolmer’s, St. Mary
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June 1999, Paper II, Question 1

Candidates are advised NOT to spend more than 30 minutes on this question.

1. The data in the table below show how the pressure of compressed gas in a cylinder varies
with the total mass of the cylinder of gas.
Mass of cylinder of gas (m)/kg 9.9 10.2 10.8 11.4 11.8 12.3
Pressure, P, in cylinder X 105 Pa 1.5 2.7 5.0 7.3 8.9 10.9

a) Plot a graph of P (y-axis) against m (x-axis). (8 marks)

b) Use your graph to find the mass of the empty cylinder. (3 marks)
c) Find the gradient of the graph. (4 marks)
d) When the pressure reaches 12 x 105 Pa, the cylinder is considered full. Would it be possible
to add more gas at this pressure? Why might this not be advisable? (2 marks)
e) Use your graph to find the
i. total mass of the cylinder and gas
ii. mass of gas only at this maximum pressure 12 x 105 Pa (4 marks)
f) At a certain time, the pressure of the gas is 7.8 X 105 Pa and its temperature is
24 oC. What will be the new pressure if the temperature of the cylinder and gas rises to 32 oC?
(Assume the cylinder does not expand.) (4 marks)
g) In terms of the kinetic theory of gases, explain what causes the pressure of a gas and why the
pressure of a gas rises when its temperature rises at a constant volume.
(5 marks)
Total = 30 marks
……………………………………………………………………………………………...
June 2002, Paper II, Question#1

A liquid, A, initially at temperature, T1 = 28.4 oC is heated by an emersion heater in a container.

The resulting temperature, T2, is recorded at one (1) minute intervals and the following results
were obtained.

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Happy Grove High, Titchfield, Annotto Bay, Seaforth High, Immaculate, Wolmer’s, St. Mary
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Time, t/min 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Temperature, T2/ oC 28.4 36.0 43.1 52.5 60.5 69.0 75.1 84.3
o
Temperature changes, ΔT/ C

a) Complete the table by computing the temperature changes ΔT = T2 - T1. (4 marks)

b) Plot a graph of temperature change, ΔT, against time, t, on graph paper. (9 marks)
c) Find the slope, S, of the graph. (5 marks)
d) The specific heat capacity of the liquid, cL, is related to the slope, S, by the equation
cL = 2000 J kg-1K-1. Find the specific heat capacity.
S
(2 marks)
e) From the graph, deduce the change in temperature of the liquid after 3.5 minutes.
(2 marks)
f) Another liquid B has a much higher specific heat capacity than Liquid A. On the same graph
paper that you have been using, sketch (DO NOT PLOT) a line showing the approximate graph
that would be obtained if Liquid B was the working fluid. (2 marks)
g) State two possible sources of error in this experiment and in EACH case describe a method
that might be used to minimize the magnitude of the error. (4 marks)
Total = 28 marks
……………………………………………………………………………………………
June 2003, Paper II, Question #1

Table 1 shows the relationship between the temperature, T, of the measuring junction of a
thermocouple and the thermocouple emf, E that is measured by a millivoltmeter.

Table 1
Thermocouple emf E/mV 0.1 0.4 0.7 1.0 1.4 1.8
Temperature T /oC 44 118 163 202 247 293

a) i) Use the values in the table to plot E against T. Draw your BEST straight line.
(10 marks)

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Happy Grove High, Titchfield, Annotto Bay, Seaforth High, Immaculate, Wolmer’s, St. Mary
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ii) Find the slope S of the graph. (5 marks)
b) i) Use your straight line graph to determine To, the temperature at which the thermocouple
emf E = 0. (3 marks)
ii) Use your straight line graph to determine, E x, the thermocouple emf when T = 200 oC.
(1 mark)
Iii) Given that E = S(T - To), use this relationship to find T when E = 0.4 mV. (3 marks)
iv) Determine the difference between the experimental value as given in Table 1 and that
obtained using the formula in Part iii), and explain the significance of this difference.
(2 marks)
v) Compare the thermocouple and laboratory thermometer in terms of i) range ii) speed of
response iii) sensitivity. (6 marks)
Total = 30 marks
……………………………………………………………………………………………...
January 2006, Paper II, Question #1

Three hundred and fifty grams (350 g) of a solid substance, X, is heated in an insulated oven at a
steady rate. A record of the variation of temperature as time varies is tabulated below in Table
1.

Temperature, T / oC 20 50 80 80 80 105 147

Time, t / s 0 100 200 300 400 550 800

a) Using the observations from the Table 1, plot a graph of temperature vs time on the graph
paper. (Your graph should have THREE straight line sections.) (11 marks)
b) Determine the slope of the graph during the first 200 s. (5 marks)

c) Given that the specific heat capacity of substance X is 1720 J kg-1 K-1, calculate the rate at
which heat is supplied to substance X. (5 marks)
d) How much energy is needed to melt substance X completely from its original temperature of
20 oC? (3 marks)
e) Explain the behaviour of substance X between t = 200 s and t = 800 s. (3 marks)
f) Sketch the cooling curve of substance X if the oven is turned off at t = 800 s. (3 marks)
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High Graph Tutorial
Total = 30 marks
…………………………………………………………………………………………………...
June 2006 & Specimen Paper 2008 Paper II, Question #1

A student was asked to investigate the variation in temperature of 2 kg of water initially at 30 oC,
when heat energy was supplied to it by an electric heater rated at 1400 W. The following
measurements were taken and recorded in Table 1.
Table 1
Temperature of water, θ/oC 30.0 40.0 51.0 62.5 72.0 80.0 89.0
Heating time, t/s 0 60 120 180 240 300 360
Temperature change, Δθ = (θ - 30) / oC 0
Energy supplied, Q = 1400t / J 0

a) Complete the table above. (3 marks)

b) Plot on the graph page a graph of energy supplied against temperature change.
(11 marks)
c) Calculate the gradient of the graph. (6 marks)
d) Assuming that the energy loss to the container and the surroundings is negligible, what
physical quantity does this gradient represent? (1 mark)
e) Determine the value of this quantity if 1 kg of water were used and state the quantity this
represents. (2 marks)
f) i) Water boils at 100 oC. Calculate the heat energy which must be supplied in order to
completely convert the 2 kg of water to steam. (3 marks)
ii) Calculate the time taken to convert 2 kg of water to steam. (3 marks)
g) Distinguish (state TWO differences) between boiling and evaporation. (4 marks)
[Specific latent heat of vaporization = 2.3 x 106 J kg-1]
Total = 30 marks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..

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Happy Grove High, Titchfield, Annotto Bay, Seaforth High, Immaculate, Wolmer’s, St. Mary
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June 2005, Paper II, Question #1

You are to spend no more than 1/2 hour on this question.

In this question you will find the refractive index of a rectangular block of glass.
A student was given this experiment as a CXC SBA activity and produced the following results.
Angle of incidence i/degrees Angle of refraction r/degrees Sin i Sin r
10.0 6.0
20.0 12.0
30.0 18.0
40.0 24.0
50.0 30.0
60.0 36.0

a) Complete the table above. (4 marks)

b) Plot a graph of Sin i against Sin r on the graph paper. (10 marks)
c) Find the slope, n, of the graph. (4 marks)
d) What does the slope, n, of the graph represent? (1 mark)
e) Draw a labelled diagram identifying the apparatus used and the angles measured by the
student to obtain the results. (6 marks)
f) A ray of light is incident at an angle of 35o. With the aid of dotted lines use your graph to
calculate the angle of refraction produced. (5 marks)
Total = 30 marks
……………………………………………………………………………………………
June 2007, Paper II, Question #1

No more than ½ hour should be spent on this question.

DATA ANALYSIS

A student investigates the relationship between the volume and temperature of a fixed mass of
gas at a constant pressure of 1 atmosphere.

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Happy Grove High, Titchfield, Annotto Bay, Seaforth High, Immaculate, Wolmer’s, St. Mary
High Graph Tutorial

The results she obtained are shown in the table below.

Temperature / oC 20 50 100 150 200 250

Volume / cm3 49.1 54.0 61.3 70.5 78.9 87.0

a) With the aid of a diagram, describe a method that the student could have used to obtain her
results. (6 marks)
b) Plot a graph of volume, V, (y-axis) against temperature, T, (x-axis). The axes have been
drawn for you. The scale for the x-axis should include the range -300 oC to +300 oC, with 50 oC
per division. Label the graph line of V against T “Line 1”. (9 marks)
c) From the graph determine V1, the volume of the gas at -120 oC. (2 marks)
d) At what temperature is the volume 2V1? (2 marks)
e) Determine the slope, S, of the graph. Include its units. (4 marks)
f) From your graph read off the temperature, T o, at which the volume would be zero. Explain the
significance of To. (3 marks)
g) The equation of the graph line is V = mT + C. Write down the values of m and C.
(2 marks)
h) The pressure of the gas is doubled and the experiment repeated. Draw, on the same set of
axes, the line that would be obtained if the experiment is repeated at this higher pressure. Label
this line “Line 2”. (2 marks)
Total = 30 marks
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
January 2010, Paper II, Question #1 – Section A

In an experiment to investigate Charles’ Law, a Physics student used a fixed mass of dry air
trapped in a glass capillary tube as seen in Figure 1. The student recorded in Table 1 how the
length of the air column varied with temperature.

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Happy Grove High, Titchfield, Annotto Bay, Seaforth High, Immaculate, Wolmer’s, St. Mary
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Figure 1. Diagram Showing Air trapped in a Capillary Tube

TABLE 1: RESULTS OF THE EXPERIMENT

length of the air column, L / mm 152.0 158.0 163.0 170.0 179. 182.0
Temperature, θ / oC 14.0 29.0 40.0 57.5 78.0 85.0
Temperature, T / K

a) Complete Table 1 by calculating the temperature, T / K. (3 marks)

b) Use the readings from the completed Table 1 to plot of graph of length of the air column (L /
mm) against temperature (T / K) on graph paper.
The L-axis starts at 140 mm and the T-axis starts at 270 K (6 marks)
c) From your graph, calculate the slope, S. (4 marks)
d) What information does the slope (gradient) of the graph provide? (1 mark)
e) Use you graph to determine the value of the length of the air column at 273 K. (1 mark)
f) State Charles’ law. (4 marks)
g) In a related practical activity, 2 litres of a gas were heated from 35 oC to 75 oC. If the pressure
was kept constant, calculate the final volume of the gas. (6 marks)
Total = 25 marks
................................................................................................................................................
June 2008, Paper II, Section A – Question #1

In the experimental setup in Figure 1, a variable a.c. voltage source, V 1, drives the primary of a
step down transformer of turns ratio 5000 : 600. A resistor, R = 8 Ω, is connected across the
secondary winding.

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CSEC PHYSICS
Mikhael V. Davis JP 5/7/2021
Happy Grove High, Titchfield, Annotto Bay, Seaforth High, Immaculate, Wolmer’s, St. Mary
High Graph Tutorial

Table 1 shows the values obtained for V2 and V1 is varied from 0 V to 90 V.

Table 1
V1 / V 0 15 30 45 60 75 90
V2 / V 0 2.0 4.7 7.1 8.6 11 14

a) Use the readings from Table 1 to plot a graph of V 2 vs V1 on graph paper. (6 marks)
b) Find the slope, S, of your graph. (4 marks)
c) What does the slope of your graph represent? (1 mark)
d) Use your graph to determine the value of V2 when V1 = 50 V. (3 marks)
e) Calculate the current I2 in the secondary windings when V1 = 50 V. (3 marks)
f) Use the slope of your graph and the equation I1 = S I2 to determine the current I1 in the primary
windings (2 marks)
g) i. Calculate the power delivered to the resistor, R, by the secondary windings. (3 marks)
ii. Calculate, also, the power input to the primary windings by the source. (1 mark)
h) i. State TWO major sources of energy loss in transformers (2 marks)
ii. Describe the constructional features of commercial transformers which minimize the losses
stated in part h) i. (2 marks)
Total = 25 marks

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CSEC PHYSICS
Mikhael V. Davis JP 5/7/2021