CHAPTER -I

INTRODUCTION

World Health Organization (WHO) has defined post-menopausal women as those women who have
stopped menstrual bleeding one year ago or stopped having periods.

The famous slogan “Healthy women, Healthy World. so woman play vital role in maintaining the
wellbeing of their communities. the age menopause is influenced by hormone changes. hormonal
changes associated with menopause can affect physical, emotional, mental, and social well-being. The
symptoms experienced during and following the menopausal transition vary substantially from person
to person. Some have few if any symptoms. For others, symptoms can be severe and affect daily
activities and quality of life. Some can experience symptoms for several years. Symptoms associated
with menopause are hot flushes and night sweats. Hot flushes refer to a sudden feeling of heat in the
face, neck and chest, often accompanied by flushing of the skin, perspiration, palpitations, and acute
feelings of physical discomfort which can last several minutes; changes in the regularity and flow of the
menstrual cycle, culminating in cessation of menstruation; vaginal dryness, pain during sexual
intercourse and incontinence; difficulty sleeping/insomnia; and changes in mood, depression, and/or
anxiety.it has been noted that women often ignored these symptoms in many parts of the world

BACKGROUND

Mahajan, Narinder; Aggarwal, Meenu1; Bagga, Amrita2 conducted a study” Health issues of
menopausal women in North India” in this study Mean age of menopause was 44.54 years. symptoms
associated with menopause were reported as fatigue (62%), hot flashes (56%), Cold sweats (52%), and
backaches (51%). Other ailments associated with menopause were arthritis (25%), hypertension (23%),
and diabetes (6%).

Deepika Nagaraj, Naveen Ramesh, Divya Devraj, Marciya Umman, Anila K. John, and Avita Rose
Johnson conducted a study “Experience and Perceptions Regarding Menopause among Rural Women: A
Cross-Sectional Hospital-Based Study in South Karnataka” in this study The most common perceptions
regarding menopause were loss of fertility, However, 10% of the women perceived that women who
attain menopause are no longer real women and after menopause women have no real purpose in life.
Some perceived menopause as a disease (15%) and that after menopause women do not want to have
sexual intercourse (34%). Women also felt that after menopause there was no need to visit a
gynecologist anymore (19%).for this I want to assess the knowledge of menopausal syndrome.

NEED OF THE STUDY

1. Now a days menopausal syndrome is important issue for Indian women. they always ignore the
menopausal syndrome not only they, their family also ignore these. even they and their family
have some knowledge according to menopausal syndrome. they think Menopause is one such
midlife stage which might be overcome easily or make a lady miserable depending on her luck.
This phase of life is shrouded with lots of myths and taboos for this study aim is
 2. Otherwise in Rural area women have some knowledge about menopausal syndrome and used
coping strategy for this study aim is relationship between menopausal syndrome with women
knowledge also used coping strategy. Early recognition of symptoms can help in reduction of
discomfort and fears among the women.

PROBLEM STATEMENT

Assessment of knowledge regarding menopausal syndrome and coping strategies among menopausal
women in selected rural areas of Darjeeling, West Bengal.

OBJECTIVES

1. To assess knowledge of menopausal syndrome among menopausal woman in selected rural

areas Darjeeling, West Bengal.
2. To assess the coping strategies among menopausal woman in selected rural areas Darjeeling,
West Bengal.
3. To find out association between knowledge of menopausal syndrome of menopausal woman
and selected demographic variables in selected rural areas Darjeeling, West Bengal.
4. To find out correlation between knowledge and coping strategies among menopausal woman
in selected rural areas Darjeeling,West Bengal

OPERATIONAL DEFINITION
Menopause
In present study menopause refers the time to cessation of menstruation cycle at least 1 year ago
Menopausal syndrome
In present study Menopausal syndrome refers to some symptoms which creates from menopause thats
are Vasomotor symptoms, Urogenital atrophy, Osteoporosis and fracture, Cardiovascular disease,
Cerebrovascular diseases, Psychological changes, Skin and hair changes, Sexual dysfunction, Dementia
and cognitive decline.
Menopause Women
In present study Menopausal women who has stopped menstruation cycle to 5years
Knowledge
In present study knowledge refers to correct response which acquired through life experience as
measured by interview technique.
Coping strategies
In present study Coping Strategies refers adapt and relief from stresses which are created by menopause
as measured by structured qustionaire

ASSUMPTION
The study assumes that:
1. Woman have some knowledge about menopausal syndrome
2. Women have not proper used coping strategies

DELIMITATION:
1. Study is delimited to menopausal women who has natural stoppage menstruation cycle.
 2. Study is delimited to selected rural area of Darjeeling district
3.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Conceptual Framework is the visual portrayal of interaction among concepts which brings to the surface
some common themes relevant to the inter relatedness of the concepts.

Conceptual framework presents logically constructed concepts to provide general explanation of the
relationship among the concepts of the research study, without using a single existing theory.
Conceptual frameworks are usually constructed by using the researcher's own experience, previous
research findings, or concepts of several theories and models.

Here's an application of the social cognitive theory model to the assessment of knowledge regarding
menopausal syndrome and coping strategies among menopausal women in District Darjeeling:

SCT, developed by Albert Bandura, emphasizes the interaction between personal factors, environmental
influences, and behaviors. It suggests that people learn not just through direct experience but also by
observing others, through self-regulation, and by being influenced by social and environmental factors.
It is particularly useful when trying to understand and influence behaviors in a community or group.

This framework is based on the interaction between Personal Factors, Behavioural Factors, And
Environmental Factors. It is applied in following study as-

Cognitive

- Self-Efficacy: Belief in ability to manage menopause.

Outcome Expectations: Expectations of benefits from managing menopause.

- Goals: Setting goals for health and well-being.

Behavior

Behavioral Capabilities: Knowledge, skills, and confidence in managing menopausal symptoms.

Behavioral Outcomes: Effective coping strategies, health behaviors, and quality of life.

Support: Support from family, friends, healthcare providers.

Environment

Access to Resources: Healthcare services, information, and support groups.

- Community Norms: Cultural attitudes towards menopause

 SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORY MODEL
- Self-Efficacy: Belief in ability to manage menopause.

Cognitive
Outcome Expectations: Expectations of benefits from
managing menopause.

- Goals: Setting goals for health and well-being.

Behavioral Capabilities: Knowledge, skills, and

- Social Support: Support from family, friends, confidence in managing menopausal symptoms.
healthcare providers.
Behavior
Environment
Behavioral Outcomes: Effective coping strategies,
Access to Resources: Healthcare services,
health behaviors, and quality of life.
information, and support groups.

- Community Norms: Cultural attitudes

towards menopause

Figure 1 : Schematic Presentation of Conceptual Framework for the construction of assessment of

knowledge regarding menopausal syndrome and coping strategies among menopausal women
based on Social Cognitive Theory, developed by Albert Bandura(1986).
 Organization of Report

The content matter of this report is organized in the next four chapters and would be presented as
follows:

-Chapter-II would deal with the review of literature with the research studies related to the present
study.

-Chapter-III would present the methodology of the study, which includes the research approach, design,
variables under study, settings, sample, sampling technique, development and description of the tools
and plan for data analysis.

-Chapter-IV would explain details of data analysis and interpretation.

-Chapter-V would contain discussion, major findings, conclusion, implications, limitations and
recommendations.

The last chapter would be followed by references and appendices.

 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF LITERATURE
In this study literature review is organized on the basis of following
Research study related to knowledge regarding menopausal syndrome
1. Rajsree Saikia, M.Sc. Nursing, Department of Community Health Nursing, Asian Institute Of
Nursing Education GUIDE : Ms. Sabita Bayan, Associate Professor, Department of Mental
Health Nursing, Asian Institute Of Nursing Education conducted a study “Knowledge
Regarding Menopausal Symptoms And Its Management Among Women In Selected Urban And
Rural Areas Of Kamrup, Assam : A Comparative Study With A View To Develop An
Information Booklet” published on 1st January 2024 in this study Out of 68 women in urban
area, 37(54.5%) had adequate knowledge, 28(41.2%) had moderately adequate knowledge and
3(4.4%) had inadequate knowledge of menopausal symptoms and its management whereas out
of 68 women in urban area, 39(57.4%) had moderately adequate knowledge, 17(25%) had
adequate knowledge and 12(17.6%) had inadequate knowledge of menopausal symptoms and its
management
2. Anil agrawal,Nirmala Kiron,Rajesh Gupta,Aditi Sengar and Preeti Gupta conducted a study “ A
study of assessment menopausal symptoms and coping strategies among middle age women of
North Central India,published on oct 2018. In this study assess the menopausal syndrome among
150 menopausal woman aged 43-57 years.as aresult of this study that The most prevalent
symptoms reported were joint and muscular discomfort (70.6%); physical and mental exhaustion
(61.3%); and sleeping problems (59.3%). Followed by symptoms of anxiety (48.6%); irritability
(45.3%) hot flushes and sweating (38.6; dryness of vagina (37.9%); depressive mood (38.0%).
Other complaints noted were incontinence/Frequency of urine (27.3 and heart discomfort
(23.3%).
3. Varuna Pathak, Neetu Ahirwar*, Shruti Ghate conducted a study “Study to assess knowledge,
attitude and practice regarding menopause among menopausal women attending outdoor in
tertiary care centre” in this study study, 32.72% of menopausal women had knowledge of
menopausal symptoms. 39.09%, 52.72% and 22.72% knew that menopause increases risk of
cardiovascular, osteoporosis and breast cancer respectively. 28.18% think menopausal women
should consult a physician, only 4.54% of menopausal women are aware of HT. 64.55% of
menopausal women perceive menopause as loss of youth. 67.28% think menopausal
psychological symptoms affect quality of life.
4. Kavita Sambharam, Anand Bhalerao conducted a study ‘A Study of Urinary Disorders in Post-
Menopausal Women in a Tertiary Institute in Western Maharashtra’ published Year : 2015 In
this study total 121 post-menopausal women with urinary symptoms attending the gynaecology
OPD. According to result Burning micturition was the most common urinary symptom in the
present study, seen in 85.12% post-menopausal women followed by urinary frequency
(59.50%), urinary incontinence (28.92%), urinary urgency (27.27%) and mass per vaginum
(25.61%). Escherichia Coli was the most common organism found in 45 post-menopausal
women on urine culture and sensitivity. Local estrogen therapy provided relief of symptoms
more than those who did not receive any local estrogen therapy.
 5. Pragya Singh, Shaili Vyas1 , Vidisha Vallabh1 , Ruchira Nautiyal2 , Abhay Srivastava1 , Jayanti
Semwal1 conducted a study “A Study to Assess the Prevalence and Factors Affecting
Menopausal Symptoms among Middle-Aged Females in the Garhwal Region of Uttarakhand’ in
this study was a cross-sectional study carried out in rural and urban areas of district Dehradun
among 400 females. The Menopause-Specific Quality of Life questionnaire was used to assess
the prevalence of menopausal symptoms.as a result that that majority of the females’ quality of
life were found to be affected with different grades of menopausal symptoms
6. Sagar A,Borker, P.P. Venugopalan and Shruthi N. Bhat conducted a Study of menopausal
symptoms, and perceptions about menopause among women at a rural community in Keral In
this study Menopausal health demands priority in Indian scenario due to increase in life
expectancy and growing population of menopausal women. The result was Most are either
unaware or do not pay adequate attention to these symptoms.here Data was coded, entered, and
analyzed using SPSS 15.. Prevalence of symptoms among ladies were emotional problems
(crying spells, depression, irritability) 90.7%, headache 72.9%, lethargy 65.4%, dysuria 58.9%,
forgetfulness 57%. musculoskeletal problems (joint pain, muscle pain) 53.3%, sexual problems
(decreased libido, dyspareunia) 31.8%, genital problems (itching, vaginal dryness) 9.3%, and
changes in voice 8.4%. Only 22.4% of women knew the correct cause of menopause.Thus study
stated that all the ladies were suffering from one or more number of menopausal symptoms.
7. Eun Kyung Kwak,Hyun Soon Park,Nam Mi Kang conducted a study Menopause Knowledge, Attitude,
Symptom and Management among Midlife Employed Women,published on 2014.In this study
Menopause knowledge, attitude, symptom and management according to menopausal period Statistically
significant difference was not found in menopause knowledge according to menopausal period (t =
1.90, P = .061). This study result that a positive correlation was found between menopause attitude and
menopause management
8. N A njaly,Lekha Biswanath,T Anju Philip conducted study”Assess the knowledge on menopausal self
care among perimenopausal woman published on 2014 . in this study about knowledge and attitude
regarding menopause among rural urban married women in Mangalore, sample size consisted of 100
married women aged between 40 to 50 years. Results was that majority of the women in rural area
(78%) had average knowledge on menopause and most of the women in urban area (62%) had
satisfactory knowledge regarding menopause

Research study related to coping strategies ysed by menopausal women

1. Nafiseh Shams Nateri. Marjan Beigi.2 Ashraf Kazemi.² and Fatemeh Shinnkam³ conducted
study Women Coping Strategies towards Menopause and its Relationship with Sexual
Dysfunction.published year 2015 In this study sexual dysfunction and its coping strategies is
essential impact on mental health in postmenopausal women and their families. This study was
the relationship between women coping strategies toward the process of menopause and sexual
dysfunction in menopausal women. According to the results of this study, the relative frequency
of sexual dysfunction in menopausal women is 67.42%. The mean score of the avoidance
strategy in people with overall sexual dysfunction was significantly higher than the group
without disorder (P < 0.001) The mean of coping strategies of social support seeking (P < 0.001)
problem-solving (P = 0.016) and target replacement strategy (P = 0.004) were significantly
lower than that in the group without disorder.
 2. Kazuyo Matsuzaki 1, Toshiyuki Yasui 2, Sumika Matsui 3, Miwa Fúkuoka 2, Hirokazu Uemura
conducted study about ‘Differences in menopausal symptoms and coping strategies according to
personality in Japanese nurses’ published year 2018 Here examined the associations of type A
personality with menopausal symptoms and strategies for coping with menopausal symptoms in
Japanese nurses. Valid responses to health questionnaires were obtained from 1.174 nurses aged
45-60 years. Menopausal symptoms were assessed using Greene's climacteric scale, and a type
A behaviour pattern was assessed using the.. The proportion of nurses who received hormone
replacement therapy in the nurses with a type A personality was significantly higher than that in
the nurses with a non-type A personality.

3. Fei Wan Ngai 1 conducted study on Relationships between menopausal symptoms, sense of
coherence, coping strategies, and quality of life. published year 2019 In this study were the
relationships between menopausal symptoms, sense of coherence (SOC), coping strategies, and
quality of life, and to test the mediating effects of SOC and coping strategies on the relationships
between menopausal symptoms and quality of life among Chinese women during menopausal
transition.as a result that SOC alleviate the adverse effects of menopausal symptoms on quality
on life

Research study related correlation between knowledge about menopausal syndrome with
demographic variables

1. Danielle AJ M Schoenaker Caroline A Jackson 2 Jemma V Rowlands 2, Gita D Mishra

conducted study on Socioeconomic position, lifestyle factors and age at natural menopause: a
systematic review and meta-analyses of studies across six continents. Published year 2014 In
this study Age at natural menopause is considered a marker of biological ageing and is
increasingly recognized as a sentinel for chronic disease risk in later life. Socioeconomic
position and lifestyle factors are thought to be associated with ANM. Here performed a
systematic review and meta-analyses to determine the overall mean ANM, and the effect of SEP
and lifestyle factors on ANM by calculating the weighted mean difference and pooling adjusted
hazard ratios.
 CHAPTER III

WORKPLAN

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

APPROACH: Quantitative research approach

DESIGN: The Research design for this study is Non experimental Descriptive survey design

Schematic Diagram Of Research Methodology

VARIABLES

Research variables

Knowledge of menopausal syndrome among menopausal women in selected rural areas Darjeeling,
West Bengal.

Coping strategies used by menopausal women in selected rural areas Darjeeling, West Bengal.

Demographic variables
Age ,Religion, type of family, marital status, education level, occupation, economic status, age at
menarche, number of pregnancy, number of children, number abortion, source of menopause
information

STUDY SETTING

Pilot study :Block : Phansideoa Block,Darjeeling,West Bengal

Final study:Block: Matigara Block, Darjeeling,West Bengal

POPULATION

The population of the following study will be all menopausal women of West Bengal

SAMPLE

The sample of the following study will be selected menopausal women , after cessation of menstrual
cycle in district Darjeeling.
INCLUSION CRITERIA
1. Women Who will be available in data collection
2. Women Who will be willing to participate
3. Women Who can understand and speak Bengali / Hindi/Nepali/English language
4. Women who are present at the data collection for the study
EXCLUTION CRITERIA
1. Women Who are serious ill.
2. Women Who are mentally disabled.
SAMPLE SIZE
Rajsree Saikia, M.Sc. Nursing, Department of Community Health Nursing, Asian Institute Of Nursing
Education GUIDE : Ms. Sabita Bayan, Associate Professor, Department of Mental Health Nursing,
Asian Institute Of Nursing Education conducted a study “ Knowledge Regarding Menopausal
Symptoms And Its Management Among Women In Selected Urban And Rural Areas Of Kamrup,
Assam : A Comparative Study With A View To Develop An Information Booklet” published on 1 st
January 2024
Sample size (n) = (t2 x p x q)/ d2
where, t= Critical Z value of the corresponding confidence level (CI): here t is 1.90 p=Expected overall
knowledge mean score based on previous studies q = (1 – p), d = Margin of error or precision
so in this study the overall knowledge score of menopause revealed that the mean score among women
in urban area was 13.35±3.43 and the mean score among women in the rural area was 10.44±4.10. The
mean difference score was 2.91.so For rural area P=10/100=.1,q=(1-p)=.9,
Sample size =( (1.96)2× 0.1 ×0.9/ (0.05)2 =138.29 So,
sample size is 138

SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
Non probability purposive sampling
SELECTION OF TOOLS:
Sl no Variables Tool Technique
1.
Selected Socio-demographic Variables Structured Interview
Questionnaire.
Age ,Religion, type of family, marital status,
education level, occupation, economic status,
age at menarche, number of pregnancy, number
of children, number abortion, source of
menopause information

2. Research variables
Structured
Knowledge of menopausal syndrome Interview
interview

Structured
Coping strategies used by menopausal women
interview
Inter view
 VALIDITY OF TOOLS
After constructing the questionnaire, it will be given to Eleven experts for validation of tool. Experts

will be chosen according to the subject speciality.

VALIDITY OF TOOL-I

Sl. No. Total agree ICVI Remarks Sl. No. Total agree ICVI Remarks

1. 11(100%) 1 11. 10(90.90%) 0.90 Modified

2. 11(100%) 1 12. 11 (100%) 1

3. 11 (100%) 1 13. 10(90.90%) 0.90 Modified

4. 11 (100%) 1 14. 11 (100%) 1

5. 10(90.90%) 0.90 Modified 15. 10(90.90%) 0.90 Modified

6. 9(81.81%) 0.81 Modified 16. 10 (90.90%) 0.90 Modified

7. 11 (100%) 1

8. 11(100%) 1

9. 11 (100%) 1

10. 10(90.90%) 0.90 Modified

VALIDITY OF TOOL-II

Sl. No. Total agree ICVI Remarks

1 10 0.90 Modified
 2 10 0.90 Modified

3 11 1

4 11 1

5 9 0.81 Modified

6 11 1

7 9 0.81 Modified

8 9 0.81 Modified

9 9 0.81 Modified

10 10 0.90 Modified

11 9 0.81 Modified

12 11 1

13 10 0.90 Modified

14 10 0.90 Modified

15 10 0.90 Modified

16 11 1

17 10 0.90 Modified

18 11 1

VALIDITY OF TOOL- III(standardized tool)

 Serial No. Total Agree ICVI Remarks
(Item level
content
validity index)
13 11 (100%) 1

VALIDITY INDEX OF THE TOOL

NAME OF THE TOOL MODIFIED ITEM ITEM DISCARDED FINAL ITEM

ITEM ADDED

TOOL-I 07 Nil Nil 16

Structured Socio
Demographic
characteristics
TOOL-II-Knowledge of 12 Nil Nil 18
menopausal syndrome

Tool III- standardized Nil Nil Nil 13

tool- Coping Scale
Hamby, Grych, &
Banyard, 2013

ESTABLISHMENT OF RELIABILITY
Reliability of the tool II is done by administering the tools to18 samples. The reliability of internal
consistency of structured questionnaire is established by split-half technique and Spearman- Brown
prophecy formula..
Reliability tool II 0.77 thus the tools were found to be reliable.

Reliability Calculation of tool III(Coping Scale Hamby, Grych, & Banyard, 2013 )
Tool III- standardized tool- Coping Scale
Hamby, Grych, & Banyard, 2013
Partially adapted from: Holahan & Moos, 1987; Spitzberg & Copach, 2008

Main samples are 0.88 and 0.91, respectively. Validity was established in the main sample with strong
correlations with
other measures of regulatory strengths, such as Anger Management (r = .57) and Endurance (r = .63),
and with measures
of well-being, such as Subjective Well-being (r = .53) and Posttraumatic Growth (r = .65).
Ethical Consideration

-Ethical permission was taken from Institutional Ethics Committee of North Bengal Medical College
And Hospital.
-Written consent was taken from smple before conducting the study.
Confidentiality was maintained.

Administrative permission was taken from:

In formal
Principal of College of Nursing, North Bengal Medical College And Hospital..
Formal
1. The directorate of health services dept of health & family welfare, govt of west Bengal.
2. The OSD & joint director of health service Nursing department of health and family.
3. CMOH of the selected rural area and selected district in West Bengal.
4. BMOH of the selected rural area and selected district in West Bengal
5.conscent will be taken from each participants after explaining following information about,
o Purpose of study
o Duration of time involvement
o Type of involvement
o Voluntary willingness for participant
o Benefit of study
o Confidentiality and anonymity to be maintained
Pilot Study
Data was collected from 09.12.2025-14.12.2025 at Boropathuram village under phansidewa block.
Total sample were 14,.Built rapport with concerned authority and a formal permission obtained from
CMOH. An conscentt obtained from participants.14 Sample are explained the procedure after brief
introduction of self .The data collection done by interview method
No significant problem was faced by researcher during pilot study. The research tool was found
feasible.

Final Study Setting: Matigara block district Darjeeling..

Period of Data Collection: 17th February 2025-15th March 2025

Sampling Frame

Permission is taken from Principal of College of Nursing, North Bengal Medical College
and Hospital

Permission is taken from OSD & Ex- Officio of Health (Nursing Department), Govt. of
West Bengal

Permission is taken from CMOH of the selected rural area and selected district in West
Bengal.

Permission is taken from BMOH of the selected rural area and selected district in West
Bengal

Selected participants by purposive sampling technique for data collection with consent

Data Collection procedure for pilot study

 Administrative permission is obtained
 Self-introduction is given and purpose of the study is explained
 Informed and written consent is obtained from each participant. They are assured of the
confidentiality of their responses.
  Participant is informed that their participation is entirely voluntary and that they could quit at
any time.
 Data is collected with Structured questionnaire of knowledge and demographical variables,
standarized coping strategies tool

Procedure of Data Collection

-The Institutional Ethics Committee clearance is obtained from North Bengal Medical College &
Hospital, Darjeeling.
-A formal permission obtained from Principal of College of Nursing, North Bengal Medical College &
Hospital, Darjeeling.
-Formal Permission is taken from CMOH of the selected rural area and selected district in West Bengal.

Permission is taken from BMOH of the selected rural area and selected district in West Bengal

-Built rapport with participants home to home visit who are meeting criteria of study and explained
them the need, consequences & procedure after brief introduction of self..

-Willing participants are given the consent papers.

-Total 135 participants from Matigara block are presented with consent

-The data collection done by interview method .

.Plan for Data Analysis

In the present study,The collected data were checked for consistency, completeness and entered into
Microsoft Excel(MS-EXCEL) data sheet. The data were organized, tabulated and analyzed by using
descriptive and inferential statistics with the help of SPSS mode analysis.

Section-I : Findings related to Socio-demographic Variables analysed by using Frequency &

Percentage & different types of diagrams.

Section –II : Research variables- Knowledge regarding menopausal syndrome analyzed by using
Inferential Statistics according to obtained score of individual participants.

The scores were divided into domain wise & overall knowledge level.

Frequencies , Percentage, Mean, Median, Standard Deviation were used for the analysis.

Inferential Statistics was used.

Summary

The chapter dealt with the research methodology adopted for the study. It includes research approach,
design, variables under study, research settings, sample, sample size, sampling technique, sample
selection criteria, selection and development of study tools, validity of the tools, pre-testing of the tools,
reliability of the tools, pilot study, final study, ethical considerations, formal permission, data collection
procedure, and plan for data analysis.

CHAPTER IV

Data Analysis & Interpretation of the Findings

PROBLEM STATEMENT

Assessment of knowledge regarding menopausal syndrome and coping strategies among menopausal
women in selected rural areas of Darjeeling, West Bengal.

OBJECTIVES

1. To assess knowledge of menopausal syndrome among menopausal woman in selected rural

areas Darjeeling, West Bengal.
2. To assess the coping strategies among menopausal woman in selected rural areas Darjeeling,
West Bengal.
3. To find out association between knowledge of menopausal syndrome of menopausal woman
and selected demographic variables in selected rural areas Darjeeling, West Bengal.
4. To find out correlation between knowledge and coping strategies among menopausal woman
in selected rural areas Darjeeling,West Bengal

Organization of Data & Analysis

SECTION –I : Findings related to demographic characteristic of primi postnatal mother

SECTION-II : II-finding related to assess the knowledge regarding menopausal syndrome among
menopausal women

SECTION –III: finding related to assess the Coping strategies regarding menopausal syndrome among
menopausal women

SECTION IV- Finding association between knowledge of menopausal syndrome among menopausal
woman and selected demographic variables

SECTION V-Finding correlation between knowledge and coping strategies among menopausal woman
Pilot Study Data Analysis

Table 1: table showing frequency and percentage distribution of menopausal women according
their age
The data depicted in figure 1 shows the distribution of respondant according their age.the data revealed
that 2 of respondent was <45 years,8 of respondent was 45-50years, 2 of respondent was 51-55year , 2
of respondent was 56-60 year.

Figure 1: pie diagram showing frequency and percentage distribution of menopausal women
according their marital status
The data depicted in figure 1 shows the distribution of respondant according their marital status.the data
revealed that 11 of respondent was married,4 of respondent was widow,

Figure 2: pie diagram showing frequency and percentage distribution of menopausal women
according their types of family

The data depicted in figure 1 shows the distribution of respondant according their types of family the
data revealed that 5 of respondent was in nuclear family,7 of respondent was in joint family, 2 of
respondent was in extended family
Figure 3: pie diagram showing frequency and percentage distribution of menopausal women
according their education level

The data depicted in figure 1 shows the distribution of respondant according their education level.the
data revealed that 6 of respondent has no formal education, ,2 of respondent has below primary level
education, 3 of respondent has primary to madhyamik level education, 3 of respondent has above
madhyamik level education.
Figure 4: pie diagram showing frequency and percentage distribution of menopausal women
according their occupation

The data depicted in figure 1 shows the distribution of respondent according their age.the data revealed
that 13 of respondent was housewife, 1 of respondent was government service holder,
Figure 5: pie diagram showing frequency and percentage distribution of menopausal women
according their age at menarche

The data depicted in figure 1 shows the distribution of respondant according their age.the data revealed
that 6 of respondent was age at menarche <10 years,5 of respondent was age at menarche 10-12years, 3
of respondent was age at menarche >12 year ,
Figure 6: pie diagram showing frequency and percentage distribution of menopausal women
according their age at menopause attained

The data depicted in figure 1 shows the distribution of respondant according their age at menopause
attained.the data revealed that 5 of respondent was at menopause attained <45 years,6 of respondent was
at menopause attained 45-50years, 3 of respondent was at menopause attained >50year
Figure 7: doughnut diagram showing frequency and percentage distribution of menopausal
women according their number of children

The data depicted in figure 1 shows the distribution of respondant according their number of
children .the data revealed that 4 of respondent had 1 child,9 of respondent had 2-4 children., 1of
respondent had more than 4 children
Figure 8: pie diagram showing frequency and percentage distribution of menopausal women
according their number of abortion

The data depicted in figure 1 shows the distribution of respondant according their number of
children .the data revealed that 11 of respondent had no abortion,1 of respondent had 1 abortion., 2 of
respondent had 2-3 abortion
Figure 9: pie diagram showing frequency and percentage distribution of menopausal women
according their dietary pattern

The data depicted in figure 1 shows the distribution of respondant according their number of
children .the data revealed that 13 of respondent was non veg,1 of respondent was veg.
Figure 10: doughnut diagram showing frequency and percentage distribution of menopausal
women according their dietary pattern

The data depicted in figure 1 shows the distribution of respondant according their number of
children .the data revealed that 13 of respondent took information from family member,1 of respondent
took information from health worker
Figure 11: pie diagram showing frequency and percentage distribution of menopausal women
according their exercise habit

The data depicted in figure 1 shows the distribution of respondant according their exercise habit.the data
revealed that 10 of respondent had no exercise habit. <45 years,4 of respondent had irregular exercise
habit.
Section I-Finding related to assess the knowledge regarding
menopausal syndrome among menopausal women
Table 1-Range. Mean, Median and Standard deviation of the knowledge regarding menopausal
syndrome among menopausal women

The above table 1 showed that mean knowledge regarding menopausal syndrome among menopausal
women was 10.14 with standard deviation of 1.76, median was 11.5, and range was 6-14.
The data presented in table & revealed that 42.85% menopausal women’s level of knowledge was good,
14.28% menopausal women’s knowledge was average and 42.85% menopausal women’s knowledge
was poor regarding menopausal syndrome.
The presented in table 1 deputed that domain wise knowledge of menopausal syndrome among
menopausal women, concept (40.47%) ,Vasomotor symptoms 39.28%, Urogenita stymptoms 71.42%
Physical symptoms 67.85% Psychosocial symptoms 52.38% Prevention 57.14% Management 69.05%
Section III- Finding related to assess the Coping strategies
among menopausal women
Section IV-Finding related to association between knowledge
regarding menopausal syndrome among menopausal woman and
selected demographic variables

data presented in table 6 shows that, the computed Chi-Square value (X²) is 0.12which is less than
tabulated value (3.84) at 0.05 level of significance. So there is no significant association between
knowledge score of menopausal women regarding menopausal syndrome and age of the women.

.So, null hypothesis (0) is accepted and research hypothesis (1) is rejected
data presented in table 7 shows that, the computed Chi-Square value (X²) is 0.4244 which is less than
tabulated value (3.84) at 0.05 level of significance. So there is no significant association between
knowledge score of menopausal women regarding menopausal syndrome and marital status.

So, null hypothesis (0) is accepted and research hypothesis (1) is rejected.

data presented in table 8 shows that, the computed Chi-Square value (X²) is 0.3112which is less than
tabulated value (3.84) at 0.05 level of significance. So there is no significant association between
knowledge score of menopausal women regarding menopausal syndrome and education level of the
women.So, null hypothesis (1) is accepted and research hypothesis (1) is rejected.
data presented in table 9 shows that, the computed Chi-Square value (X²) is 1.60which is less than
tabulated value (3.84) at 0.05 level of significance. So there is no significant association between
knowledge score of menopausal women regarding menopausal syndrome and age at menarche of the
women.So, null hypothesis (0) is accepted and research hypothesis (1) is rejected.

data presented in table 10 shows that, the computed Chi-Square value (X²) is 0.146which is less than
tabulated value (3.84) at 0.05 level of significance. So there is no significant association between
knowledge score of menopausal women regarding menopausal syndrome and age at menopause of the
women.
data presented in table 11 shows that, the computed Chi-Square value (X²) is 0.873 which is less than
tabulated value (3.84) at 0.05 level of significance. So there is no significant association between
knowledge score of menopausal women regarding menopausal syndrome and number of child

data presented in table 12 shows that, the computed Chi-Square value (X²) is 0.025 which is less than
tabulated value (3.84) at 0.05 level of significance. So there is no significant association between
knowledge score of menopausal women regarding menopausal syndrome and family pattern
data presented in table 13 shows that, the computed Chi-Square value (X²) is 2.38 which is less than
tabulated value (3.84) at 0.05 level of significance. So there is no significant association between
knowledge score of menopausal women regarding menopausal syndrome and exercise habit.

data presented in table 14 shows that, the computed Chi-Square value (X²) is 0.15which is less than
tabulated value (3.84) at 0.05 level of significance. So there is no significant association between
knowledge score of menopausal women regarding menopausal syndrome and abortion history

SEC IV- Finding related to correlation between knowledge and

coping strategies regarding menopausal syndrome among
menopausal woman
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