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Lecture-14

IPv6, or Internet Protocol version 6, features a larger address space of 128 bits, simplified header format, and improved support for security and auto-configuration compared to IPv4. It allows for differentiated services and efficient flow labeling, supporting trillions of devices. The document also outlines the differences between IPv4 and IPv6, types of IPv6 addresses, and applications for transitioning from IPv4.

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3 views

Lecture-14

IPv6, or Internet Protocol version 6, features a larger address space of 128 bits, simplified header format, and improved support for security and auto-configuration compared to IPv4. It allows for differentiated services and efficient flow labeling, supporting trillions of devices. The document also outlines the differences between IPv4 and IPv6, types of IPv6 addresses, and applications for transitioning from IPv4.

Uploaded by

suri.network475
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTERNET PROTOCOL

VERSION 6 (IPv6)
Introduction
 IPv6 is Internet protocol version 6.
Following are its distinctive features as
compared to IPv4.
◦ Header format simplification
◦ Expanded routing and addressing
capabilities
◦ Improved support for extensions and
options
◦ Flow labeling (for QoS) capability
◦ Auto-configuration and Neighbour
discovery
◦ Authentication and privacy capabilities
◦ Simple transition from IPv4
WHY IPv6?

Larger address space

Simplified header

Support for route aggregation

Security, QoS, Auto-configuration, Mobility etc.


LARGER ADDRESS SPACE

IPv4
32 bits
= 4,294,967,296 possible addressable devices

IPv6
128 bits: 4 times the size in bits
= 3.4 x 1038 possible addressable devices
=
340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456
∼ 5 x 1028 addresses per person on the planet
Header Changes
between IPv4 & IPv6
Version HLen TOS Length Removed (6)
Id Flags Offset • ID, flags, flag offset
TTL Protocol Checksum • TOS, hlen
Source Addr • header checksum
Destination Addr
Pad Changed (3)
Options (variable) (variable)
• total length => payload
IPv4 • protocol => next header
version
V Traffic Class Flow Label • TTL => hop limit
Payload Length Next Header Hop Limit Added (2)
• traffic class
SourceAddr (4 words)
• flow label
DestinationAddr (4 words) Expanded
• address 32 to 128 bits
IPv6
IPv6 Packet Format

version Traffic Class


Flow Label
Payload Length Next Header Hop Limit

Source Address (128 bits)

Destination Address (128 bits)


Summary of Fields

Version (4 bits) -The constant 6 (bit sequence 0110).


Traffic Class (8 bits) -This field allows for
differentiated services. Hosts or routers can set this field
to indicate that certain packets require priority
forwarding over others.
Flow Label (20 bits) - Flow Label specifications and
minimum requirements are described. Allows
intermediate routers to identify flows in an efficient and
fast manner.
Summary of Fields

Payload Length (16 bits) -The size of the payload in


octets, including any extension headers. The length is
set to zero when a Hop-by-Hop extension header
carries a Jumbo Payload option.
Next Header (8 bits) -Specifies the type of the next
header. This field usually specifies the transport layer
protocol used by a packet's payload.
Hop Limit (8 bits) -Replaces the time to live field of
IPv4. This value is decremented by one at each
intermediate node the packet visits. When the counter
reaches 0 the packet is discarded.
Summary of Fields
Source Address (128 bits) -The IPv6
address of the sending node.
Destination Address (128 bits) -The
IPv6 address of the destination node(s).
3FFE:085B:1F1F:0000:0000:0000:00A9:1234

128--bit IPv6 Address


128
8 groups of 16-bit hexadecimal numbers separated by “:”

Leading zeros can be removed

3FFE:85B:1F1F::A9:1234

:: = all zeros in one or more group of 16-bit hexadecimal


numbers
Text Representation of
Addresses

 HEX in blocks of 16 bits


BC84 : 25C2 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 55AB : 5521 : 0018
 leading zero suppression
BC84 : 25C2 : 0 : 0 :55AB : 5521 : 18
 Compressed format removes strings of 0s
BC84 : 25C2 :: 55AB : 5521 : 18
:: can appear only once in an address.
can also be used to compress leading or trailing 0s
 Mixed Notation (X:X:X:X:X:X:d.d.d.d)
e.g., ::144.16.162.21
Text Representation of
Addresses

 Link local address


10 bits 54 bits 64 bits
1111111010 0 Interface ID

 Site-local address
10 bits 38 bits 16 bits 64 bits
1111111011 0 subnet ID Interface ID
Differences Between IPv4 & IPv6
Feature IPv4 IPv6

Address length 32 bits 128 bits


Header size 20-60 bytes 40 bytes
IPSec support Optional Required
QoS support Some Better
Fragmentation Hosts and routers Hosts only
Checksum in header Yes No
Options in header Yes No
Link-layer address resolution ARP (broadcast) Multicast Neighbor
Discovery messages
Router Discovery Optional Required
Uses broadcasts? Yes No
Configuration Manual, DHCP Automatic, DHCP
Types of IPv6 Addresses

 Unicast
◦ One address on a single interface
◦ Delivery to single interface
 Multicast
◦ Address of a set of interfaces
◦ Delivery to all interfaces in the set
 Anycast
◦ Address of a set of interfaces
◦ Delivery to a single interface in the set
 No broadcast addresses
IPv6 Extension Headers

Extension headers are defined to


encode certain options that are needed
for processing of the IPv6 packet.
Hop by Hop options header
Authentication header
Fragmentation header
Routing header
Destination options header
Applications
 Transition from IPv4
 Plug-n-play feature for devices in
network
 Devices can auto configure
themselves in network using IPv6
 Provides larger address space so that
it can support more than trillions of
devices in networks
Scope of Research
 IPv6 support for mobile devices
 Route optimization in IPv6
Assignment
 Which of the following addresses are
valid IPv6 addresses?
1. ::
2. 123:A23F::AAAA:CA12
3. FE80:12:23:145:0:0:0:1
4. 123A:FFFF:0::

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