Remote real-time Monitoring System for Oil and Gas Well

Based on Wireless Sensor Networks

Pan Yi, Xiao Lizhi, Zhang Yuanzhong

China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249
Beijing, China
[email protected]

Abstract—In this paper a monitoring system for production well

based on WSN is designed, where the sensors can be used as the II. SYSTEM DESIGN
downhole permanent sensor to measure temperature and pressure
analog signals. The analog signals are modulated digital signals A. Node Structure
by data acquisition system. The digital signals are transmitted to The wireless sensor networks nod consist of four units
database server of monitoring center. Meanwhile the data can be showed as figure 1, sensing unit, processing unit,
browsed on internet or by mobile telephone, and the consumer communication unit and power supple unit. The central
receive alarm message when the data are overflow. The system
device of sensing unit is the fiber Bragg grating sensor
offered manager and technician credible gist to make decision
exploited by nucleus magnetic resonance lab China
timely.
University of Petroleum. The function of processing unit
Keywords— WSN; monitoring system; oil and gas well include analog-digital conversion by C8051f020 chip made
from Silicon Labs corporation, processing data by SC12 chip
made from Beck IPC corporation. In addition the SC12 chip
I. INTRODUCTION controlled the communication unit by RS-232 joint.
Wireless sensor networks technologies are made up of a Communication unit compose GSM MODEM wireless
batch of Ad hoc tiny sensor [1], which refer to inter communication module on GPRS (General Packet Radio
disciplinary, leading and hot research work, and include Service) [5] net made by Wavecom corporation.
sensor technologies, embedded computing technology,
modern network and wireless communicational [2]
FBG C8051f020 RS-232 Wavecom
technology and distributed information processing SC12
technology. WSN can cooperative real-time monitor, collect Sensor A/D MODEM
and process the information of objects in geographical area
and transmit them to user who need these data. A wireless
sensor network can provide access to information anytime, power supply
anywhere by collecting, processing, analyzing and
disseminating data. Thus, the unique advantage and
extensive appliance has attracted great attention of the most Figure 1. Wireless Sensor Nod Structural
researchers [3].
Production logging and production test are the production B. System Structure
surveillance ways of oil and gas reservoir adopted in most
According to the demand of production control and
oil-field in China, which collect downhole information by
technical research, this system is devised to realize the real-
regular or periodical measured means and then proceed to
time and long-range acquirement, transmit and management
process data at processing center. Therefore the optimal
decision of oil and gas well data, which is comprised of the
juncture of diagnosing production question and oil reservoir
Data acquisition terminal and Surveillance centre. The Data
lose and the production performance describe inaccuracy,
acquisition terminal is composed of the formation
meanwhile at the ocean and faraway production platform the
information collection fiber Bragg grating, permanent sensor
data is hard to collect in rough weather, and the cost of
and GPRS communication module, and these components
manufacture go up for the production shutdown. So the
play a role in information collection, the information
wireless sensor networks is proposed to abate personal error,
transmission and exchange. The service center is equipped
cut cost, timely find production question by real-time
with Web with fixed IP address which links to the Internet
production surveillance of temperature and pressure of
and the database server, which is used to sending the
productive formation[4], then the feasible recovery scheme is
message of information collection request, receiving the
draw up to optimize the oil reservoir production.
collection information, information management,
visualization and Statistic analysis mainly. Firstly, The Data
acquisition terminal receive the information collection
instruction came from Surveillance centre. With the

978-1-4244-7739-5/10/$26.00 ©2010 IEEE

information decipherment and conversion, the information is system. CIP-51 inner core 8051 compatible with high velocity
collected immediately after the sensor has received the and linearly structure (maximum rate is25 MIPS),full speed
information collection instruction, then the information was and non-invasion system debug interface, two DAC 12-Bit
coded, the coded information is sent by communication Channels, ADC 12-Bit or 8-Bit Channels and programmable
module at last; while Surveillance centre receive the grain amplifier of maximum conversion rate 100 kps, two
deciphered information for the use of analysis and decision- UART serial interfaces, five general 16-Bit timers, watchdog,
making; when the data overflowed, the warning message will VDD monitor and temperature probe.
be sent to the colligated mobile phone; the authorized user After the stratigraphic information acquired with chip
can view the formation information by using web server, and microprocessor from fiber Bragg grating and transmitted to
send instruction to the sensor to control the on-off of the microprocessor by serial communication, they are processed.
sensor. The system architecture is shown in figure 2. The A/D converters with F020 chip omit peripheral circuit
and data deliver immediately SC12 chip through serial
Cell Phone communication.
Web Server Internet GPRS Cell Phone B. Transfer Data
SC12 chip connect with the GPRS MODEM through RS-
Cell Phone 232 interface, programming the GPRS MODEM by using
AT[6] command, the data will be transferred to database
Database server with static IP address in the Surveillance centre which
user user user node node node has been connect with the Internet. Because of GPRS
working by IP protocol when IP address and port of the
Figure 2. System Structure database are declared, then data of oil and gas well can be
transmitted to database of monitoring center through GPRS
and Internet directly.
C. Function Design
The following are the concrete steps:
Based on the system construction, the system function (1) Establishing the wireless PPP connection with
can be divided into two parts: the Data acquisition terminal GGSN, then return a dynamic IP address. AT command is:
and Surveillance centre. The function construction is shown AT+ MIPCALL=1,"CMNET"
in figure 3. The function of Data acquisition terminal is While receiving the right answer, the terminal has been
collecting information, information decipherment and connected with gateway node through the GPRS network,
conversion, sending and receiving the information. The the PPP negotiation is successful, the system log in the
sensor technology is used to collect the information of internet from long-range, and receive the IP address
formation temperature and pressure, and then send the distributed by the GPRS gateway.
collected information to the Surveillance centre by GPRS (2) After the Socket was initialized, opening the
communication module. The function of the Surveillance connection with the centre by the PPP agreement. AT
centre is real-time auto-examine centralized graphic display, command is:
intelligent dispose, dynamic simulation report printing and AT+MIPOPEN=1,5050,”***.***.***.***”,5050,0
real-time data overflow warning. If receiving the answer is OK, then the local terminal
which port is 5050 has connected with host which IP is
remote real-time monitoring system ***.***.***.*** and port is 5050, and data can be
for oil and gas well
transmitted. Communication protocol is PPP.
(3) Before data is send to GPRS MODEM by serial port,
a number sign is set in the GPRS MODEM cumulate buffer.
data acquisition unit monitoring center When the number sign is true data will be pushed in the
protocol stack. AT command˖
AT+MIPSETS=1,200
data receive receive data data data data alarm (4) Sending the data to the GPRS MODEM cumulate
and and explain user
acquisition display manage analyse message manage
send send buffer through the serial port. AT command˖
AT+MIPSEND
(5) Push data of GPRS MODEM cumulate buffer into
Figure 3. Function Module
protocol stack. AT command˖
III. SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION AT+MIPPUSH=1
Now data will be send monitoring center database
A. Data Acquisition through GPRS and internet.
(6) After the data is sent out, this Socket can also be
C8051f020 chip microprocessor made from American closed. AT command is:
Silicon Labs Corporation, complete integrated composite AT+MIPCLOSE=1
signal system MCU chip, is adopted in this data acquisition
C. Text Alarm of time and space and give gist to manage staff and
SMS (short message service) is popular to customer as a technician, which adopt the fiber Bragg grating sensor to
result of its convenience, economy, prompt and accuracy [7]. collect formation parameter of oil and gas well and transmit
Hence SMS can use to alarm at all times and all places. In and publish information with the way of GPRS network and
other word, “Updata” case will happen when the data Internet. Our object is to realize the visualization of
acquisition by permanency sensor is recorded in “data” table, exploiting block and discern the field situation combination
meanwhile the program of sending alarm message to binding with the geographic information system.
cell phone will proceed as soon as the data over flow the
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