### **Brief Answers (Group A)**

1. **Unique features of e-commerce:**

- Ubiquity (available everywhere)
- Global reach
- Universal standards
- Richness (complexity of messages)
- Interactivity
- Information density
- Personalization & customization
- Social technology (user-generated content)

2. **E-commerce business model:**

A plan for how a company generates revenue online, such as subscription, advertising, or
marketplace models.

3. **Firm value chain:**

A series of activities a firm performs to deliver a product/service, from sourcing to customer
service.

4. **Benefits of mobile applications for e-commerce:**

- Convenience for users
- Personalization
- Faster transactions
- Push notifications for promotions
- Offline accessibility

5. **Dimensions of e-commerce security:**

- Confidentiality
- Integrity
- Availability
- Authentication
- Non-repudiation

6. **Search engine marketing (SEM):**

Promoting websites via paid ads (e.g., Google Ads) to increase visibility in search results.

7. **Location-based marketing:**
Targeting consumers based on their geographic location (e.g., GPS, beacons).

8. **Reverse auction:**
Buyers post requests, and sellers compete to offer the lowest price (e.g., procurement
auctions).

9. **Collaborative commerce:**
 Businesses sharing data/resources digitally to improve supply chain efficiency (e.g., shared
inventory systems).

10. **Affinity community:**

Online groups formed around shared interests (e.g., Reddit forums, Facebook groups).

---

### **Short Answers (Group B – Attempt any 5)**

11. **Benefits of e-commerce to businesses:**
- Lower operational costs
- Global customer reach
- 24/7 availability
- Data-driven decision-making
- Faster transactions

12. **How e-commerce influences industry structure:**

- Reduces barriers to entry
- Disintermediates traditional middlemen
- Increases price transparency
- Encourages digital-first competitors

13. **Services provided by the Internet:**

- Communication (email, messaging)
- Information access (websites, search engines)
- E-commerce platforms
- Cloud computing
- Social networking

14. **Social marketing in brief:**

Using social media (Facebook, Instagram) to promote products via ads, influencers, and
engagement.

15. **How supply chain helps B2B e-commerce:**

- Automates procurement
- Reduces delays via real-time tracking
- Lowers costs through efficient logistics

16. **B2B e-commerce marketplace:**

An online platform where businesses trade goods/services (e.g., Alibaba, ThomasNet).

---

### **Long Answers (Group C – Attempt any 3)**

17. **Types of e-commerce with examples:**
- **B2C (Amazon)**
- **B2B (Alibaba)**
- **C2C (eBay)**
- **M-commerce (Uber)**
- **Social commerce (Facebook Shops)**

18. **E-commerce payment systems:**

- **Credit cards (Visa):** Secure but fraud risks.
- **Digital wallets (PayPal):** Convenient, stores multiple payment methods.

19. **Email marketing & efficiency:**

- Direct, personalized communication.
- High ROI (low cost, measurable results).
- Automation (triggered emails for cart abandonment).

20. **Types of portals:**

- **Horizontal (Yahoo):** General-purpose.
- **Vertical (TripAdvisor):** Industry-specific.
- **Corporate (Microsoft SharePoint):** Internal business use.

---

### **Comprehensive Answers (Group D)**

21. **B2C business models with examples:**
- **E-tailer (Amazon)**
- **Subscription (Netflix)**
- **Advertising (Google Ads)**
- **Freemium (Spotify)**
- **Affiliate (Amazon Associates)**

22. **Technological solutions to e-commerce threats:**

- **Encryption (SSL/TLS)**
- **Firewalls**
- **Two-factor authentication**
- **Tokenization (for payments)**
- **AI fraud detection**

---
Here are the answers to your questions based on the book "E-Commerce 2021" by Kenneth C.
Laudon and Carol Guercio Traver.

Group A: Brief Answer Questions

1. What is spoofing?
o Spoofing is a cyber-attack where an attacker pretends to be a trusted entity to gain
access to sensitive information, such as passwords or financial data.
2. Define intranet.
o An intranet is a private network that uses internet technologies to securely share
information within an organization.
3. What is Wi-Fi?
o Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) is a wireless networking technology that allows devices
to connect to the internet without physical cables.
4. Write risks in C2C e-commerce model.
o Fraudulent transactions
o Lack of buyer/seller trust
o Product misrepresentation
o Payment security issues
5. Define affinity community.
o An affinity community is an online group where members share common
interests, such as sports, hobbies, or professional topics.
6. What is a net marketplace?
o A net marketplace is an online platform that facilitates transactions between
multiple buyers and sellers in a digital environment.
7. Define packet switching.
o Packet switching is a data transmission method where messages are broken into
packets and sent independently across a network before being reassembled at the
destination.
8. What is clickstream behavior?
o Clickstream behavior refers to the sequence of web pages a user visits while
browsing a website, which helps businesses analyze user interests.
9. Define pure e-commerce.
o Pure e-commerce refers to business transactions that occur entirely online,
without physical products or offline interactions (e.g., digital downloads, online
banking).
10. What is mobile marketing?

 Mobile marketing involves promoting products and services through mobile devices
using SMS, apps, and social media ads.
Group B: Short Answer Questions

1. Define social marketing. What are its goals?

o Social marketing is the use of marketing techniques to promote social good rather
than commercial benefits.
o Goals:
 Raising awareness about social issues
 Changing behaviors for the public good
 Encouraging positive lifestyle choices
2. Define Intelligent Personal Assistants. What are its features?
o Intelligent Personal Assistants (IPAs) are AI-powered tools that assist users with
tasks using voice recognition (e.g., Siri, Alexa).
o Features:
 Voice-based interaction
 Task automation
 Personalized recommendations
3. Differentiate between debit and credit cards.
o Debit Card: Directly deducts money from the user’s bank account.
o Credit Card: Allows users to borrow money up to a credit limit and repay later.
4. What is cloud computing? What are its advantages?
o Cloud computing delivers computing services like storage and software over the
internet.
o Advantages:
 Cost savings
 Scalability
 Remote accessibility
5. Explain the Internet's main impacts on marketing.
o Personalized advertising
o Global reach
o Cost-effective promotions
o Enhanced customer engagement through social media
6. What are the potential benefits of B2B e-commerce?
o Lower transaction costs
o Faster supply chain processes
o Increased efficiency in business operations

Group C: Short Answer Questions

1. Explain the evolution of technology platforms in B2B commerce.

o Started with Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)
o Shifted to web-based platforms
o Now integrates AI and blockchain for security and automation
2. What is dynamic pricing? Explain its types.
o Dynamic pricing is a strategy where prices change based on market demand.
 o Types:
 Time-based pricing (e.g., airline tickets)
 Demand-based pricing (e.g., surge pricing in ride-hailing apps)
 Competitive pricing (adjusting based on competitors)
3. What is collaborative commerce? What are its elements?
o Collaborative commerce (C-commerce) involves businesses working together
digitally to improve efficiency.
o Elements:
 Shared data systems
 Joint product development
 Real-time communication tools
4. Define web analytics. Why do managers use it for marketing campaigns?
o Web analytics is the measurement and analysis of website traffic.
o Uses for marketing:
 Tracks customer behavior
 Optimizes advertising strategies
 Measures campaign success

Group D: Comprehensive Questions

1. Define search engine. How can it be beneficial to business? How does Google search
engine work?
o A search engine is a tool that helps users find information on the internet.
o Benefits to business:
 Increases online visibility
 Drives website traffic
 Enhances brand credibility
o How Google works:
 Crawls web pages
 Indexes content
 Ranks pages based on relevance and keywords
2. Define procurement. What are its types? Explain the steps in the procurement
process.
o Procurement is the process of acquiring goods and services for business
operations.
o Types:
 Direct Procurement (raw materials)
 Indirect Procurement (office supplies)
o Steps:

1. Identify needs
2. Select suppliers
3. Negotiate contracts
4. Approve purchase orders
 5. Receive and inspect goods
6. Make payments

Here are the answers to your questions based on the book "E-Commerce 2021" by Kenneth C.
Laudon and Carol Guercio Traver.

Group A: Brief Answer Questions

1. What is spyware?
o Spyware is a type of malicious software that secretly collects user information
without their knowledge, often used for advertising or stealing personal data.
2. Define Internet.
o The Internet is a global network of interconnected computers that enables
communication, data exchange, and access to online resources using standardized
protocols.
3. What is IoT (Internet of Things)?
o IoT refers to the network of physical devices embedded with sensors, software,
and connectivity that allows them to collect and exchange data over the Internet.
4. List two Internet Protocols.
o TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
o IP (Internet Protocol)
5. Define encryption.
o Encryption is a security process that converts data into unreadable code
(ciphertext) to prevent unauthorized access, ensuring data confidentiality.
6. What is a private industrial network?
o A private industrial network (PIN) is a secure online platform used by businesses
and their partners for supply chain management and collaboration.
7. Define packet switching.
o Packet switching is a method of breaking data into packets for transmission over a
network, where each packet may take different routes to reach its destination
efficiently.
8. What is Bluetooth?
o Bluetooth is a short-range wireless communication technology that enables the
exchange of data between devices over a short distance.
9. Define cookies.
o Cookies are small text files stored on a user's device by websites to track user
activity, preferences, and authentication details.
10. What is spoofing?

 Spoofing is a cyber attack where an attacker disguises themselves as a trusted source to

gain unauthorized access to systems or steal sensitive data.
Group B: Short Answer Questions

1. Define firewall. What are its functions?

o A firewall is a network security system that monitors and controls incoming and
outgoing network traffic based on security rules.
o Functions:
 Blocks unauthorized access
 Filters harmful traffic
 Prevents cyber attacks
2. Define Intelligent Personal Assistants. What are its features?
o Intelligent Personal Assistants (IPAs) are AI-powered software applications that
assist users with tasks using voice commands (e.g., Siri, Alexa).
o Features:
 Voice recognition
 Task automation
 Internet search capability
3. Differentiate between HTTP and HTTPS.
o HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol): Standard protocol for web
communication but lacks security.
o HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure): Uses SSL/TLS encryption to
secure data transmission.
4. Define credit card. How does an online credit transaction work?
o A credit card is a payment card that allows users to borrow money from a
financial institution to make purchases.
o Online credit transaction process:
 User enters card details on a website
 Payment gateway encrypts and verifies information
 Transaction is authorized by the bank
 Payment is processed
5. Explain the social marketing process.
o Social marketing involves using social media platforms to promote
products/services.
o Steps:
 Identifying the target audience
 Creating engaging content
 Running campaigns
 Monitoring performance
6. Define CRM. How does CRM help to promote your business?
o CRM (Customer Relationship Management) is a strategy that helps businesses
manage customer interactions.
o Benefits:
 Improves customer satisfaction
 Enhances sales
 Strengthens customer loyalty
Group C: Short Answer Questions

1. Explain vulnerable points in an e-commerce transaction.

o Weak authentication (stolen credentials)
o Data interception (man-in-the-middle attacks)
o Fraudulent transactions (phishing scams)
2. What are the factors shaping the decision to purchase online?
o Convenience
o Product variety
o Price comparison
o Reviews and ratings
3. What is an e-commerce portal? Explain its types.
o An e-commerce portal is an online platform that connects buyers and sellers.
o Types:
 B2B Portals (Alibaba)
 B2C Portals (Amazon)
 C2C Portals (eBay)
 M-commerce Portals (mobile shopping apps)
4. Explain trends in Supply Chain Management (SCM).
o AI-driven logistics
o Blockchain for transparency
o Real-time tracking
o Green supply chain practices

Group D: Comprehensive Questions

1. How does e-commerce change business? Describe the industry value chain with a
diagram.
o E-commerce has revolutionized businesses by enabling digital transactions,
reducing costs, and expanding market reach.
o Industry Value Chain:
 Inbound logistics → Operations → Outbound logistics → Marketing &
Sales → Customer Service
2. What is an auction? What are its benefits? Explain its types.
o Auction: A competitive selling method where buyers bid for products/services.
o Benefits:
 Fair price discovery
 Global reach
 Faster transactions
o Types:
 English Auction (Highest bidder wins)
 Dutch Auction (Prices drop until a buyer accepts)
 Reverse Auction (Buyers post requirements, and sellers compete)
These answers are based on your uploaded book. Let me know if you need more details! 😊