Chapter 1 – Factors and Multiples Date: 7 January 2025

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1.1 Primes, Prime Factorisation and Index Notation

Take away…
Contents Check list
1) Recall – Primary 4 Factors & multiples
2) Composite numbers VS Prime Numbers
3) Activity for getting Prime Numbers
4) Prime factorisation – 2 methods
 Successive short division
 Factor tree
5) Identify composite numbers & prime
numbers
6) Prime factorisation
7) Index Notation
 read
 Write
Chapter 1 – Factors and Multiples Date: 7 January 2025
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1.1 Primes, Prime Factorisation and Index Notation
Primary 4 – Book 4A

Recall…  Multiples

 Factors
Multiples Factors
3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18,
Multiples of 3 : ______________________ Factors of 12 Factors of 36
12 36
21, 24, 27, 30 …
___________________________________ 1 × 12 1 × 36
factors
2×6 2 × 18 factors
7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42,
Multiples of 7: ______________________ of 12
3×4 3 × 12 of 36
49, 56, 63, 70 …
___________________________________ 4×9
6×6

Lowest Common Multiple of 3 and 7 is: Highest common factor of 12 and 36 is

21 12
________ ________
Chapter 1 – Factors and Multiples Date: 7 January 2025
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1.1 Primes, Prime Factorisation and Index Notation

The method in the table in slide 1 has advantages and disadvantages.

Advantages: Disadvantages:

1) Only for numbers less than 100 1) Large numbers cannot use
this method

2) Only for primary school

Think!
Yes, 36 is divisible by 3. 12 is the factor of 36.
1) Is 3 a factor of 36? _____________________________________________________

No, 36 is not divisible by 7.

2) Is 7 a factor of 36? _____________________________________________________
Chapter 1 – Factors and Multiples Date: 7 January 2025
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1.1 Primes, Prime Factorisation and Index Notation

C. Composite numbers and Prime numbers

What is the difference between composite numbers and prime numbers?

Composite numbers have…. Prime numbers have…

 a whole number greater than 1.  Only 2 factors.

___________________________________
___________________________________
 2 or more factors  multiply by 1 and itself
___________________________________
___________________________________ .
* Note: 0 and 1 are not prime numbers! .
___________________________________
Chapter 1 – Factors and Multiples Date: 7 January 2025
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How to identify prime numbers?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 1) Cross out 1
2) Cross out all the even
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
numbers except 2
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
3) Cross out all the multiples
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 of 3 except 3
4) Cross out all the multiples
51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
of 5 except 5
61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 5) Cross out all the multiples

71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 of 7 except 7

81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90

91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100
Chapter 1 – Factors and Multiples Date: 7 January 2025
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How to identify prime numbers?

The prime numbers are

2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19,
________________________
23, 29, 31, 37,
________________________
41, 43, 47, 53, 59,
________________________
61, 67, 71, 73, 79,
________________________
83, 89, 97
_______________________ .
Chapter 1 – Factors and Multiples Date: 7 January 2025
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1.1 Primes, Prime Factorisation and Index Notation
*ALWAYS divide by the
This is Successive Short Division smallest prime number
method 1  ‘Ladder’
 2, then 3, then 5, then 7
Example 1:

Determine whether 280 is a prime number or a composite number.

2 280
280 ÷ 2 = 140
2 140
2 70
280 is a composite number because it has
5 35 more than two factors.
7 7
1

*STOP at 1
Chapter 1 – Factors and Multiples Date: 7 January 2025
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1.1 Primes, Prime Factorisation and Index Notation
*ALWAYS divide by the
This is Factor Tree
method 2 smallest prime number
Example 1:
 2, then 3, then 5, then 7
Determine whether 280 is a prime number or a composite number.

280

2 140 280 ÷ 2 = 140

2 70 280 is a composite number

because it has more than two
factors.
2 35

5 7 This method, Ms Koh will

use whiteboard