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Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education

SMARTFOCUS ASSIGNMENT REVISION
BOOKLET

BIOLOGY
FORM 1

These exams have been

compiled from various joint
exams and top national
schools exams across the
country
KNEC COMPLIANT
 GOLDLITE ONLINE EDUCATIONAL SERVICES
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (Kcse)
SMARTFOCUS REVISION SERIES
231/1/2 - BIOLOGY- FORM 1
Name: ………………………………………….….…… Index No: …………………...….
School: …………………………………………………………………………………….....
Stream: ………………Candidate’s Signature: ………..……….... Date: ………………
EXAM 1
1. Biology is derived from two Greek words bios and logos. What is the meaning of
Bios (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Logos (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. List three main branches of biology and for each give its definition (6mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
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3. Describe six characteristics observed among living organisms (12mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
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4. Identify the following apparatus and for each state the function (6mks

(a)

Name
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Function
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(b)

1
 Name
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Function
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(c)
Name
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Function
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
5. Outline the four precautions to be observed during collection and observations of organisms during
practical study. (4mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
6. The diagram below shows an instrument used in the laboratory

(a) Name the instrument (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(b) Label the parts (3mks)
X
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Y
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Z
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(c) What is the function of the instrument?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(d) The student observed the housefly whose actual length was 8cm. she used the apparatus named
above 6(a) above and the total magnification was X4. Calculate the length of the drawing. Show your
working. (3mks)
7. (a) What is classification? (1mk)
2
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(b) What is the need for classification? (4mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

8. Fill the table below by identifying the correct kingdom and appropriate representative in each case
(5mks)

kingdom representative
a) Hydra
b) Protozoa
c) Yeast
d) Monera
e) Garden pea
9.
a) Distinguish between magnification and resolution (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
b) Fill the table below (3mks)

Eye-piece lens Objective lens Total magnification

X30 (i) ………………………………. X600

X14 X5 (ii) ………………………………

(iii) ……………………… X40 X2000

c) Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow
The diagram represents the field of view observed under the light microscope during the form one
practical lesson.

If the students counted 10 cells across the field of view, calculate the size of one cell in micrometers.
Show your working. (3mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

3
10. What is the importance of the following practices in biological preparation of the specimen?
i) Cutting very thin sections (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
ii) Staining the cells using common dyes (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
iii) Adding a drop of water on the cell (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
11. Distinguish between unicellular and multicellular organisms. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
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12. Identify three types of cells found in plants. (3mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
13. The figure shows a microscope

a) Name the parts of the microscope shown above. (4mks)

b) State the functions of the parts (5mks)

14. State three importance of studying biology (3mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
15. For the table below, identify the cell organelle and state the appropriate function (10mks)
CELL ORGANELLE FUNCTION
a) Cell wall ……………………………………………………………

4
 b) …………………………………… Add carbohydrates to protein and transport them in the cell

c) Nucleus …………………………………………………………

d) Nucleolus …………………………………………………………

e) …………………………………… Protein synthesis

f) Chloroplast …………………………………………………………

g) ……………………………………… Contain lytic enzymes

h) Rough endoplasmic reticulum …………………………………………………………….

i) ……………………………………… Transport lipids
j) ……………………………………… Site for respiration

16. Name the taxonomic units of classification in order of hierarchy (7mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
17. (a) What is the name given to the double naming of living organisms? (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(b) The scientific name of a cat is Felis catas. Which taxonomic group does the name Felis and catas
refer to? (2mks)
Felis
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Catas
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(c) Outline four principles used in double naming system of living organisms (4mks)

5
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Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (Kcse)
SMARTFOCUS REVISION SERIES
231/1/2 - BIOLOGY- FORM 1
Name: ………………………………………….….…… Index No: …………………...….
School: …………………………………………………………………………………….....
Stream: ………………Candidate’s Signature: ………..……….... Date: ………………
EXAM 2
Answer all the questions in the spaces provided
1. a. Name one product of the light stage during photosynthesis(1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
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b. Name the process by which water molecules are split by light during photosynthesis (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
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2. What name is given to the process whereby:
a. Red blood cells wrinkle after losing their water to a hypertonic solution? (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
b. Plant cells become flaccid after losing their water to a hypertonic solution? (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. Four equal strips A, B, C and D were cut from a potato whose cells had a sugar concentration of 28.5%. The
strips were placed in sugar solutions of different concentrations as follows:
A:10% B 15% C 25% D 35%
i. What changes would you expect in strips A and D?2mks
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
ii. Account for the change in strip D(3mks)
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4. The figure below shows a small piece of visking tubing which is filled with potassium permanganate
solution. Its free ends were tied tightly to prevent leakage. It was then dipped in a beaker full of distilled
water. The set up was left for 2 hours. It was observed that the distilled water was colored purple.

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 a. What physiological process was being investigated. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
b. Account for the observation made in (a) above. (3mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
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5. a. State three factors that affect enzyme activities. (3mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
b. Name the structures on an enzyme where substrate molecules fix themselves during an enzyme reaction.
(1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
c. State what would happen to an enzyme molecule if the temperature is:-
i . Raised above 40˚c(1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
ii.Lowered below 10˚c.(1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
6. The diagram below represents a set up that was used to investigate a certain process in a plant.

a. State the aim of the experiment.(1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
b. State a factor that would affect the process.(1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
7. State the importance of nucleic acids to an organisms.(1mk)
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 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
8. State the significance of the following to a leaf:-
a. Thinness(1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
b. Presence of air spaces(1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
c. Stomata(1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
9. What is the role of roof hairs in plants.(1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
10. What is meant by the term organ systems in organisms?(1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
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11. State three factors that affect the rate of diffusion (3mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
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12. What is compensation point.(1mk)
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13. a.State two properties of monosaccharide .(2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
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b.What is the main function of monosaccharide in organisms?(1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
14. State the formula for calculating magnification when using the following
a. Hand lens/naked eyes (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
b. A light microscopic (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
15. Explain why a mule, a product of mating between a horse and a donkey is sterile .(1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
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16. State two factors considered while grouping the organisms in the same species. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

17. Describe how you would carry out food tests to test the presence of starch and reducing sugars on a food
sample.
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 a. Test for starch.(3mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
b. Test for reducing sugar (4mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

18. Explain how surface area to volume ratio idea may be applied to explain rate of diffusion in
organisms.(2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

19. Which organelles in a cell perform the following functions

a. Manufacture of ribosomes(1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
b. Package cell secretions(1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
c. Energy production(1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
d. Synthesis of carbohydrates.(1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
20. Name the taxonomic unit with:
a. The greatest number of organism.(1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
b. The least number of organisms(1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
21. a.Define the term cell(1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
b.When onion epidermal cells were placed and focused along the diameter of the field of view ,10 cells were
viewed and counted. Calculate the length of each epidermal cell in micrometers (1mm =
1000micrometers).Assume the diameter of field of view= 3mm(2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

22. Name the kingdom in which the organisms named below belong.
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 a. Bacteria(1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
b. Paramecium(1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
c. Yeast(1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
23. State the deficiency disease caused by deficiency of the following vitamins
a.Vitamins A(1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
b.Vitamin D (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
c.Vitamin B1 (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
24. a. State and explain how the ileum is adapted to perform its function.(4mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
b.State two functions of the colon during digestion.(2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
25. a.Name two diseases that affect human teeth.(2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
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b.(i) Write the dental formula of an adult human.(1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
ii)Work out the total number of teeth from the formula above.(1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
26. In an experiment to investigate a factor affecting photosynthesis, a leaf of a potted plant which had been
kept in the dark overnight was covered with aluminium foil as shown in the diagrams below.

The set up was kept in sunlight for three hours after which a food test was carried out on the leaf.

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 a. Which factor was being investigated in the experiment?(1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
b. Which food test was carried out?(1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
c. I)Sate the results of the food test.(2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

ii) Account for the results in (c) (i) above.2mks

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

d. Why was is necessary to keep the plant in darkness before the experiment? 1mk
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
27. a. Distinguish between the term s homodont and heterodont (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

b.Name the gap between incisors and premolars in some herbivores and state its function.(2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

28. State and explain how palisade cells are adapted to perform their function.(3mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

29. a.Define the term active transport .(2mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

b.State four factors that affect active transpiration.(4mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

30. State the function of the following parts of a light microscope.

a. Coarse adjustment knob.(1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
b.Diaphragm(1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
c.Condenser(1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
31. Name the first four taxa in taxonomy starting from the highest level

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Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (Kcse)
SMARTFOCUS REVISION SERIES
231/1/2 - BIOLOGY- FORM 1
Name: ………………………………………….….…… Index No: …………………...….
School: …………………………………………………………………………………….....
Stream: ………………Candidate’s Signature: ………..……….... Date: ………………
EXAM 3
SECTION A
1.State the use of the Pooter in the study of living organisms (1 mark)

2.When are two organisms considered to belong to the same species (1 mark)

3. Define the following term

I. Entomology [1 mk]

II. Genetics [1 mk]

4. The scientific names of three animals leopard, wolf and lion in the family carnivora are; Panthera pardus,
Canis lupus and Panthera leo respectively.
a) Why are scientific names given in Latin? (1 mark)

b) What does Canis refer to? (1 mark)

c) Giving a reason, state the organisms that are MOST closely related. (1 mark)

5. State the specific sites in which the following reactions occur: (2mks)
 (i) Light stage.

(ii) Dark stage.

6. State two functions of cell membrane (2mks)

7(a) Explain the term cell specialization. (1mk)

(b) State how each of the cells listed below is specialized to carry out its function;
(i) Palisade cell. (1mk)

(ii) A sperm cell. (1mk)

8. Give one structural and one functional difference between smooth endoplasmic reticulum and rough
endoplasmic reticulum (2 mks)
RER SER

9.Name the parts of a light microscope which perform each of the following functions.
i. Controlling the amount of light entering the specimen. (lmk)

ii. Magnifies the object. (1mk)

iii. Used for focusing image under low power. (lmk)

10. The diagram below shows a type of epithelial tissue.

 M

a. Name the parts labelled M and N. (2mks)

b. State function of structures labelled M. (lmk)

c. Name one part of the body where M can be found. (lmk)

11. Give two functions of a cell membrane. (2mks)

12. (a) What is the formula for calculating linear magnification using a light microscope. (1mk)

b) State two functions of centrioles (2mks)

13.(a)Name two raw materials for the dark stage process of photosynthesis. (2 marks)

(b) The set up shows an experiment to investigate photosynthesis.

Gas collected

Water containing sodium

hydrogen carbonate

At the start Aquatic plants After the

experiment
(i) What gas was collected in the test tube? (1 mark)

(ii)What was the role of sodium hydrogen carbonate in the experiment? (2 marks)
14.a) The diagram below represents a cell organelle.

(i) Identify the organelle. (1mk)

(ii) Name the part labelled B. (1mk)

(iii)State the function of the part labelled A. (1mk)

b) State the functions of the following parts of light microscope

(i)Condenser (1mk)

(ii)Diaphragm (1mk)

15. State the characteristics of living things that is being demonstrated by plants
producing carbon (IV) oxide during daytime (1 mark)

16. Why is it necessary to expand biology to include the study of non-living things? (1 mark)

17.Give one importance of each of the following processes in living organisms. (3 mks)
(a) Locomotion:

(b) Excretion:

(c) Irritability:

18. Give a reason for the following.

i. A mature plant cell does not collapse even after losing water. (2mks)
 ii. Explain what would happen to red blood cells if they are placed in a concentrated salt solution.
19.Distinguish between plasmolysis and Haemolysis. (2mks)

20. A student collected a bone from the school garden. The bone was measuring 45 cm. He drew the bone in
his book and his diagram was 9 cm long.
Calculate the magnification of his drawing. (2 marks)

21. Name the tissue that carry out the following functions in mammals.
a) Binds and supports various organs in the body. (1 mark)

b) Transport oxygen throughout the body. (1 mark)

c) Contract and relax to bring about movement. (1 mark

SECTION B
22.a) Define the term cell physiology (1mk)

b) Two pieces of leaf petioles were cut as shown in the diagram below, then each piece
placed in solution of different concentration.

i)What physiological process was being investigated in this experiment? (1mk)

ii)Suggest the type of solution piece B was placed (1mk)

iii) Explain the appearance of piece A after 15 minutes (3mks)

24. (a) Name two types of slides: (2 mks)

(b) When estimating the size of an onion epidermal cell, a transparent ruler was placed on the field of view
of a light microscope and the number of mm marks counted as shown below.

The transparent ruler was then measured and replaced with a section of an onion epidermis on the field of view
as shown below.

(i) Using the information provided above, calculate the average size of an onion epidermal cell
(3mks)

(ii) State one limitation of the method above for illustrating cell size (1mk)

(c) Explain why, (i) Adrop of water was placed on the epidermis before a coverslip was placed on top. (1mk)

(ii) A sharp surgical blade was used when cutting the epidermal sections: (1mk)
25.The diagram below shows an experiment to investigate the diffusion of substances through a membrane.

a) Account for the observations made at the end of the experiment.4mks)

b) State two uses of osmosis in plants.(2mks)

c) Name two body regions in man where active transport occurs.(2mks)

26. A health plant was kept in the dark for 48 hrs .Then one of its leaves (x) was enclosed in a glass flask as
down below .The whole plant was then returned to light

a) After 48 hrs the leaves were tested for starch. What observations do you expect?(2marks)

b) i) What conclusions can you draw from this observation (1mark )

 ii) Explain your conclusion in b (i) above (2marks)

c) Why was the plant kept in the dark for 48 hrs (1mark)

SECTION C

27.a) Define the following terms (3mk)

i) Photosynthesis

ii) Chemosynthesis

iii) Nutrition

b) How is the structure of leaf adapted to the photosynthetic function? (8mks)

c) Describe the light stage of photosynthesis (9mks)

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SMARTFOCUS REVISION SERIES
231/1/2 - BIOLOGY- FORM 1
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School: …………………………………………………………………………………….....
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EXAM 4
1. a) Name the main branch of Biology that studies the following. (2mks)
i. Organisms such as a Crocodile.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii. Organisms seen as a bean plant.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Explain the following biology sub-branches (5mks)
i. Mycology
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii. Ornithology
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
iii. Anatomy
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
iv. Cytology
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
v. Bio chemistry
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) State any three scientific skills gained through the study of biology (3mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Explain four reasons why you would encourage your friends in High school to study Biology (4mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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3. a) Explain the following characteristics of living organisms (4mks)
i. Growth
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii. Development
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) State any two environmental problems that the study of biology tries to solve. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) Name the characteristics of living organisms, illustrated through the following activities.
(4mks)
i. A cow giving birth to a calf.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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 ii. A student eating “Githeri” in the dining hall
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
iii. A gazelle running away after spotting Lion from a distance.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
iv. A student sneezing after smelling strong perfume.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Give two significance of locomotion to animals (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………...…………………………………………………………………………………………
5. a) Below is an instrument used for collection of specimen

i. Name the instrument (1mk)

Name parts labelled;
X ……………………………………………………………………..
Y ……………………………………………………………………..

ii) Briefly explain how the instrument works (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) State two precaution to follow when collecting a spider for biology study. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) State three ways in which plants compensate for their inability to locomote. (3mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. How does nutrition as a characteristics of living organism differ in plants and animals. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Differentiate between locomotion and movement (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. a) Define classification (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) State two reasons for classifying organisms (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) Differentiate between taxonomy and taxon (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

9. a) Label parts A, B, C (3mks)

A …………………………………………………..
B ………………………………………………….
C …………………………………………………
b) Identify the apparatus above and state its function (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) If magnification of a drawing is X8 and the drawing length is 16cm. What is the actual length of the
object (3mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. a) What is binomial nomenclature (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) The scientific name for maize is Zea mays. Identify the generic and specific name (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) State two rules of binomial nomenclature (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
d) A cross between a donkey and a horse produces an infertile offspring called mule. Give a reason
(2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. State the five kingdoms into which living things are placed and its each case give two examples of
organisms (5mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

12. List the seven units of classification in an hierarchical order from the smallest into the largest. (7mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

13. Define the term cell (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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14. Name two types of microscopes (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

15. Fill the table below

Part Function

(i) Holding while carrying microscope

Base (ii)

(iii) Contains lens for magnifying object

Fine adjustment knob iv

Mirror (v)

Condenser (vi)

16. Mention four rules to be observed when one is using a microscope (4mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

17. A student observed an animal cell under a microscope which was magnified X675 times using an eye-
piece lens magnification power X15. What was the objective lens power? (Show your working) (4mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

18. State four differences between light microscope and electron microscope. (4mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
19. Name two functions of a microscope. (2mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Mention two handling practices and care of a light microscope. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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SMARTFOCUS REVISION SERIES
231/1/2 - BIOLOGY- FORM 1

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School: …………………………………………………………………………………….....
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EXAM 5

1.(a).Name the structures used for locomotion in each of the following organisms. (2mks)
i).Euglena.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii).Paramecium.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b)Blackjack (Bidens pilosa) belongs to the family compositae. What is the plant’s: (2mks).
i).Genus
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii).Species
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Study the diagram of a cell below and answer the questions that follow.

(a) What chemical material is part W composed of? (1mk)

(b) Label on the diagram the part of the cell that controls all the cell activities (1mk)

(c) Identify the parts of cell labeled Z and Y. (2mks)

Z…………………………………………………………………………………………
Y…………………………………………………………………………………………

1
 (d) State two functions of the part labeled X. (2mks)

3. Study the diagrams of two cell organelles labeled A and B given below and answer the questions that
follow.
A.

B.

(a) Label the following parts on the appropriate diagram:

Cristae
Matrix
Stroma

(b) State the function of organelle A. (1mk)

(c) State two way in which organelle B is suited for its function. (2mks)

4. Name the parts of the microscope that determines the following; (2mks)
(a) Resolving power of a microscope

(b) Magnification power of a microscope

5. Give a reason for the following during preparation of temporary slides in microscopy.
(a) Use of stains (1mk)

(b) Lowering of the cover slip gently onto the microscope slide (1mk)

(d)Use of blotting paper (1mk)

6. A form one student viewed a specimen under the eye piece lens of X10 and objective lens of X45. Calculate
the total magnification of the specimen. (show your working) (3mks)

7. Below is a diagram of a specialized cell in plants under a light microscope.

2
 (i) Identify the cell. (1mk)

(ii) Give one characteristic that adapt the cell to its function (1mk)

8. The graph below shows the relationship between cell size and surface area to volume ratio of different
cells.

(a) (i) State the relationship between the surface area and volume ratio of the cells (2mks)

(iii) Explain how the relationship stated above increase the rate of diffusion (2mks)

9. A group of students observed 8 cells across the diameter of the field of view of a light microscope. Work out
the actual diameter of one cell given that the diameter of the field of view was 5mm. Give your answer in
micrometers. (3mks)

10. Three cylinders of equal length were obtained from peeled raw pawpaw. One was placed in Solution Q1,
another Cylinder in Q2 and the third one was left in the open. After 15 minutes, the three cylinders were
measured and recorded as shown in the table below
Cylinder placed in: Initial Length Final
Length
Solution Q1 30mm 33mm

Solution Q2 30mm 27mm

The open 30mm 30mm

(a) Determine the percentage change in length of the cylinders placed in Q1 (3mks)

(b) Account for change in length observed in the cylinder placed in solution Q2 (2mks)

(c) Why was one of the paw paw cylinders placed in the open? (1mk)
3
11. (a) Define the term Osmosis. (1mk)

(b) Why is osmosis known as a ‘special Diffusion” (1mk)

12. The young one of a cross between a donkey and a horse is called a mule. Why is the mule sterile? (1mk)

13. State the functions of the following parts of a microscope (2mks)

(a) Condenser

(b) Diaphragm
14. Name two cells of a leaf that undertake photosynthesis. (2mks)

15. Differentiate between Plasmolysis and Haemolysis. (2mks)

16. Name the tissue in animals responsible for the following functions. (2mks)

(a) Connect and hold tissues and organs

together……………………………………………………………………………….

(b) Line and protect internal and external surfaces of

organs……………………………………………………………….

17. (a) Define the term Diffusion. (1mks)

(b) Give one factors that increase the rate of diffusion. (1mk)

18. The diagram below is a structure found in cells.

(a) Label on the diagram the following:

Pore

Protein molecule

(b) State two properties of the above structure. (2mks)

19. Identify the functions of the following specialized cells in living systems (3mks)

(a)

4
(b)

(c)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
20. (a) State two ways the leaf veins of a leaf are important in the process of photosynthe (2mks)

(b)Give two reason why glucose has to be converted into starch immediately after photosynthesis.
(2mks)

21. Arrange the following from the most complex to the simplest. (1mk)
Organ, Organism, Cell, Organ system, Organelle, Tissue

22. The following is a cross section of a leaf of a plant.

(a) Identify the cells labeled F and B. (2mks)

F …………………………………………………………………………………

B………...................................................................................................................
(b) What is the importance of region G to photosynthesis. (2mks)

(c) Give two reasons to show that region where cell B are, is more suited to photosynthesis than region
where cell C are found. (2mks)

(d) Identify the parts labeled A, E and I. (3mks)

A. ……………………………………………………………………………………………
E
I. …………………………………………………………………………………………
5
23. Identify and give the functions of the following laboratory equipment. (6mks)

Equipment Name Function

24. Study the diagram of nucleus of a cell below and answer the questions that follow.

(a) Identify the parts labeled E and F. (2mks)

25. A student set up an experiment on a physiological process as shown below.

6
(a) Name the physiological process under investigation. (1mk)

(b) Suggest the result at the end of the experiment. (1mk)

(c) With a reason, suggest the result of the experiment if the if the Irish potato was boiled. (1mk)

Reason. (2mks)

7
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EXAM 6
Answer ALL questions in the spaces provided.
1. Name the branch of Biology involved in each of the following. (3mks)
a) Study of inheritance and variations.

b) Study of cells

c) Study of parasites

2. Describe what each of the following branches of Biology involves. (3mks)

a) Ecology –

b) Entomology –

c) Microbiology -

3. List four professional occupations in which the study of biology is important.

(4mks)

4. Differentiate between growth and development. (2mks)

5. Give four reasons why animals move from one place to another. (4mks)

6. Complete the table below appropriately. (6mks)

1
 Branch of Name of scientist who Name of study
biology specializes in it.
i. Zoology ii. iii.
i. ii. Ecologist iii.
i. ii. iii. Study of fungi

7. How does nutrition as a characteristic of living organism differ in plants and

animals? (2mks)

8. State the importance of each of the following in living organisms. (2mks)

a) Nutrition –

b) Excretion –

9. A car produces energy, moves about and produces waste products yet it is regarded
as a non-living thing. Explain this observation. (4mks)

10. Make a well labeled diagram of a magnifying lens. (4mks)

11. (a) Explain the meaning of the term Binomial nomenclature. (1mk)

(b) State the three rules used in Binomial nomenclature. (3mks)

12. Name the taxonomic units of classification in ascending order.(7mks)

2
13. The scientific name Lantana camara refers to a green herbaceous plant. Other
related plants include; Lantana trifoliate and Vitex rifoliate .
a) From the list, identify the plants belonging to the same genus. (2mks)

b) From the name Lantana Camara, which name represents:-

i) Genus name (1mk)

ii) Species name. (1mk)

14. State three importance of classification of living organisms. (3mks)

15. (a) Explain why it is important to use scientific names of organisms in biology
other than common names. (1mk)

(b) VITEX is a genus of a tree found on Mt. Kenya. The specific name has been
latinised to KENESIS. Write down the scientific name of the tree. (2mks)

16. State the name and function of each of the following apparatus as used in
specimen collection
a) ..

Name…………………………………………… (1mk)
Function: (1mk)

3
 ..
Name: ………………………………………. (1mk)
Function: (1mk)

17. State any three precautions when collecting specimens for a biological study.
(3mks)

18. A leaf drawn using a hand lens measured 10cm long. The actual length of the
leaf was 5cm. Work out the magnification of the drawing.(2mks)

19. Kingdom is the largest taxonomic unit of classification with the highest
members. List down the 5 kingdoms as used in classification. (5mks)

20. Define the term species. (1mk)

4
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EXAM 7
INSTRUCTIONS: ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS IN THE SPACE PROVIDED.
1. Define the term biology. (1mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. List three importance’s of studying biology (3mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. List eight characteristics of living things (8mk

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………

4. List four careers that require knowledge in biology (4mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5. Give the meaning of the following terms (4mks)

i. Respiration

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii. Nutrition

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
iii. Reproduction

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
iv. Locomotion

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. The table below shows branches of biology. Fill the gaps (8mks)
branch Field of study
i. Genetics _____________________________
ii. _______________________ Study of parasites
iii. Taxanomy _______________________
iv. _____________________ Study of cells
v. Entomology ________________________
vi. ______________________ Study of living things & environment
vii. Microbiology _______________________________
viii. _____________________ Study of external structure of organisms.

7. Why do we collect specimen in biology (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
8. Name six apparatus used in handling and collection of specimen giving an example in each (6mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. State four precautions during collection and observation of specimen .(4mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. A tractor is able to move and break down fuel to carbon(iv) oxide and water, yet it is not classified
among living things .List other characteristics that are not shown by a tractor.(3mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. Tabulate four differences between plants and animals .(8mks)

Plants Animals

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EXAM 8
1. i) Explain two main branches of Biology. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. Name the cell organelle which would be abundant in: (2mks)

i) Sperm cell:
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

ii) Pancreas:
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. What is the name given to the study of; (3mks)
Fungi
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Cells
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Tissues
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. Give reason why each of the steps is followed when preparing a cross section of a leaf for examination under a
microscope. (2mks)

a) Cutting very thin sections

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Using sharp razor blade when cutting

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5. State three importance of osmosis in plants (3mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

1 | Page
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

6. a) Name the following apparatus used in specimen collection and for each, mention its function.
(6mks)

Name Apparatus Function

b.) State four precautions during collection and observation of specimen. (4mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Differentiate between plants and animals in terms of nutrition. (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

8. Define the term species. (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

9. State three principles of binomial nomenclature (3mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

10. Name the tissue in plants responsible for.

a) Transport of water and mineral salts. (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Transport of synthesized food substances. (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. State the functions of the following cell organelles.

a) Golgi apparatus. (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Ribosomes (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2 | Page
 c) Lysosomes (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
12. Name the organelle which carry out the following functions in a cell

(a) Transport of lipids (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(b) Formation of cilia and flagella (1mk)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………..

13. The table shows substances at different concentrations between sea-water and the cell sap of the root hair cells of
sea weeds.

Substance Iodine Phosphorus Potassium

Concentration in sea 20 50 33
water
Concentration in sea 40 42 21
weed root hair cell

a.) Name the process by which;

i. The iodine molecules were absorbed by the root hair cell (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii. The phosphorus molecules were absorbed by the root hair cell. (1mk)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

14. State four importance of studying Biology. (4mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
15. Give three properties of a cell membrane. (3mks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
16. Explain three roles of diffusion in animals. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
17. The diagram below a red blood cell that was subjected to a certain treatment.

At start at the end of experiment

a) Account for shape of the cell at the end of the experiment. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3 | Page
 b) Draw a diagram to illustrate how a plant cell would appear if subjected to the same
treatment (1mk)

18. Plant cells do not burst when immersed in distilled water. Explain (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
19. The following is a diagram of a light microscope.

a) Name the parts labeled A, B, C, D and E. (5mks)

A…………………………………………………………………………………………….
B…………………………………………………………………………………………….
C…………………………………………………………………………………………….
D…………………………………………………………………………………………….
E…………………………………………………………………………………………….
b) State the functions of parts labeled F and G (2mks)
F ……………………………………………………………………………….………………

G …………………………………………………………………………………………
c. ) State the formular for calculating magnification in a Light Microscope. (1mk)

20. Name the organelle that Contains enzymes that are capable of destroying old damaged cell. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
21. The scientific name for beans is Phaseolus vulgaris
a) What taxa does the term Phaseolus represent (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) State two rules that are followed when giving a scientific name to an organism (2mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
. 23. List four careers that require knowledge in biology (4mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
24. Classify the following organisms into their kingdoms (4mks)
Organisms Kingdom
a) Maize,Beans ………………………………………..
b) Mushrooms,Yeast ……………………………………….
c) Protozoa, algae ……………………………………
d) Bacteria ……………………………………….

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EXAM 9
1. Differentiate between Botany and Zoology (2 mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………
2. Motor vehicle move, use energy and produce carbon iv oxide and water similar characteristics occur in
living organisms yet motor vehicles are not classified as living organism. Explain
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………….

3. List skills that are gained on studying Biology (2 mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Give three difference between the light and electron microscopes
Light microscope Electron microscope (3 mks)

1
 5. The diagram above was obtained from a certain organism.
i) Identify the structure (1 mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………..
ii) Which type of microscope was used to view the structure (1 mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………….

iii) Name the parts labelled (2 mks)

B ………………………………..

C………………………………..

iv) State the function of the part labelled A (2 mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
6. State the functions of the following parts of a light microscope
a) Diaphragm ………………………………. (1 mk)
b) Objective lens ……………………………. (1 mk)
7. Explain the importance of doing the following when testing a leaf for starch (4 mks)
i) Boiling the leaf in water ………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………
ii) Boiling the leaf in methlylated spirit ………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………….
iii) Boiling the methylated spirit in water bath ………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………..
iv) Placing a potted plant in the sun for 5 hours……………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………..
8. Describe what happens during the light stage of photosynthesis (3 mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………

9. State two factors that affect enzymatic activities (2 mks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
10. State a function of the large intestine in humans (1 mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
11. State the role of
i) Vitamin C in human (1 mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
ii) Iron in humans (1 mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
12. State two roles of HCL in the stomach (2 mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
2
 …………………………………………………………………………………………..
13. a) Complete the table given below (3 mks)
Eye –piece lens magnification Objective lens magnification Total magnification
X5 _______ X20

X 10 X5 _______

______ X10 X100

b) State two activities of the cell that are controlled by nucleus (2 mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
c) Identify the specialized cell illustrated below (1 mk)

i) ………………………………………………. (1 mk)

ii) Name the parts labelled (2 mks)

A…………………………………..

B…………………………………..

iii) What is Binomial nomenclature (1 mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
14. Name the organelles that would be found in large numbers in cells of a:
i) Rapidly respiring tissue (1 mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
ii) Secretory gland (1 mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………….
15. State the function of each of the following tissues
i) Meristematic (1 mk)
3
 …………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………..
ii) Blood (1 mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………….
16. Differentiate between plasmolysis and crenation (2 mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
17. The scientific name of an onion is Allium cepa Identify the genus and the species to which the organism
belongs (2 mks)
a) genus…………….

species…………….

b) Outline three functions of carbohydrate in living organism (2 mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
c) What are the building blocks of proteins (1 mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………….
d) Give two factors that determine energy requirement in human beings (2 mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
e) Name the monosaccharides that make up the following substances
i) Sucrose………………………. (1 mk)

ii) Lactose …………………………. (1 mk)

18. The table below shows the number of teeth in the jaws of an animal
Canines Incisors Premola Molars
Upper jaw 0 0 6 4
Lower jaw 8 0 6 6

a) Write the dental formula of the organism (1 mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………….
b) i) State the mode of feeding of this animal (1 mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
iii) Give two reasons for your answer (2 mks)
………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………….
iv) Name any two dental diseases (2 mks)

4
 …………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………….
v) The diagrams below represents common equipment used by Biologists

O P Q

a) Identify the equipment

O……………………………….. (1 mk)

P………………………………. (1 mk)

Q………………………………. (1 mk)

5
 GOLDLITE ONLINE EDUCATIONAL SERVICES
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (Kcse)
SMARTFOCUS REVISION SERIES
231/1/2 - BIOLOGY- FORM 1
Name: ………………………………………….….…… Index No: …………………...….
School: …………………………………………………………………………………….....
Stream: ………………Candidate’s Signature: ………..……….... Date: ………………
EXAM 10
1.Define the following terms: (5 marks)
a). Organelle

b). Cell

c). Tissue

d). Organ

e). Organ system

2.State the functions of each of each of the following cell organelles. (5 marks)
a).Mitochondrion

b).Lysosomes

c).Ribosomes

d).Nucleus

e).Chloroplasts

3a) What do you understand by the term cell specialization? (2 marks)

b) Explain how the following cells are specialized to perform their functions
i) Sperm cell (2 marks)

ii) Root hair cell (1 mark)

4.A student used a light microscope to observe a specimen. He observed eight cells along the diameter of field
of view of length 20mm. Find the size of one cell in micrometres. (3 marks)

5.State five differences between a plant cell and an animal cell. (5 marks)
Plant cell Animal cell

1
6.If the eye piece magnification is ×10 and the objective lens has a magnification of ×15. Find the total
magnification. (3 marks)

7.State five differences between a light microscope and an electron microscope. (5 marks)
Light microscope Electron microscope

8a). Draw a well labelled diagram of a hand lens. (3 marks)

b).A student used a hand lens to magnify an insect. The actual length of the insect was 2.5cm. The length of the
drawing was 7.5cm. Determine the magnification. (3 marks)

9a). What is cell physiology? (1 mark)

b). State the three physiological processes. (3 marks)

c). State three factors that affect diffusion process. (3 marks)

d). Distinguish between osmosis and diffusion. (2 marks)

e). State three roles of diffusion in living organisms. (3 marks)

10.Explain the term semi-permeability as a property of a cell membrane.(1 mark)

2
 GOLDLITE ONLINE EDUCATIONAL SERVICES
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (Kcse)
SMARTFOCUS REVISION SERIES
231/1/2 - BIOLOGY- FORM 1

Name: ………………………………………….….…… Index No: …………………...….

School: …………………………………………………………………………………….....
Stream: ………………Candidate’s Signature: ………..……….... Date: ………………
EXAM 11
1. a) Name the branch of science that deals with the study of living things (1mk
b) Name the branch of Biology that deals with the study of ;( 2mks
I. plants
ii. Animals
2. State three differences between plants and animals (3mks
Plants Animals
3. a) Distinguish between taxonomy and taxon (2mks

b) Define the term species (2mks

c) State the seven classification units starting from the smallest unit (7mks
d) What is the name given to the system of assigning two scientific names to an organism? (1mk
e) A scientist discovered a new organism and decided to assign it a scientific name. What rules should be put
in consideration while assigning the name? (4mks
4. Name five kingdoms used in classifying organisms and give an example in each (5mks
5. a) Give the functions of the following organelles(3mks
i) Mitochondri ii) Ribosomes iii) Vacuole
b) In an experiment to estimate the size of a cell a student determined the field of view to be 3mm. On
observing onion epidermal cells, he counted 11 cells across the field of view. Determine the size of each cell.
(3mks
c) Explain the importance of the following procedures during preparation of the slides. (3mks)
i.Cuting thin sections
ii. Staining
iii. Placing section in water
6. The diagram below represents a cell organelle. Study it and answer the questions that follow
a) Name the organelle shown above (1mk
b) State two functions of the organelle (2mks
c) Name the parts labeled (2mks A and B
d) State two properties of the organelle you have named (2mks
7. Explain the following terms (3mks
i) Diffusion
ii) Active transport
iii) Plasmolysis
8. A group of students set up an experiment to investigate a certain physiological process. The set up was as
shown in the figure below

After sometimes the students observed that the level of the salt solution had risen
a) Name the physiological process being investigated (1mk
b) Account for the rise in the level of salt solution in the experiment (3mk
c) Suggest the results that the students would obtain if they repeated the experiment using a piece of boiled
pawpaw (1mk
d) State the importances of the process named above in living organisms (3mks
9. Name two photosynthetic cells in plants (2 mks)
10. The diagram below represents an experiment set up by students of Kiboko Secondary School
a) Name the factor being investigated in the above set up (1mk
b) Why is it necessary to first keep the set up in the dark for 48hrs? (1mk
c) What is the role of sodium hydroxide pellets in the experiment (1mk
d) When testing for starch in a leaf, explain the reasons for doing the following (3mks
i) Dipping the leaf in boiling water
ii) Boiling the leaf in methylated spirit
iii) Boiling methylated spirit indirectly in a water bath
e) Name the reagent used to test for starch (1mk
f) State the expected results for leaves A and B after a starch test (2mks
g) Explain the results in (f) above (2mks
11. The graph below shows the effect of temperature on an enzyme catalysed reaction. Study it and answer
the questions that follow

a) Account for the shape of the curve between points A and B(3mks

b) What does the point marked x represent? (1mk

c) Explain the curve beyond point c (2mks
12. a) Name the elements present in carbohydrates(3mks
b) Name carbohydrates that is 3mks
i. Abundant in mammalian blood
ii. Stored in the liver
iii. Stored in seeds
13. The diagram below represents a chloroplast. Study it and answer the questions that follow
a) State the function of this organelle (1mk
b) Name the parts labeled A, and C. (2mks
A
C
c) List two processes that take place in the structure labeled A (2mks
d) Name the process that takes place in the structure labeled C (1mk
e) Name the chemical pigment found in the structure labeled A and state its function (2mks
14. State three adaptations of a leaf to its photosynthetic functions (3mks
15. State five factors that affect the process of diffusion (5mks
16. a. State the functions of the following parts of a microscope: (3 mks)
i. Condenser
ii. Fine adjustment knob
iii. Objective lens
b. State two differences between a light and electron microscope. (2 mks)
 GOLDLITE ONLINE EDUCATIONAL SERVICES
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (Kcse)
SMARTFOCUS REVISION SERIES
231/1/2 - BIOLOGY- FORM 1

Name: ………………………………………….….…… Index No: …………………...….

School: …………………………………………………………………………………….....
Stream: ………………Candidate’s Signature: ………..……….... Date: ………………
EXAM 12
1. a.Name one product of the light stage during photosynthesis(1mk)
b.Name the process by which water molecules are split by light during photosynthesis (1mk)
2. What name is given to the process whereby :
a. Red blood cells wrinkle after losing their water to a hypertonic solution?(1mk
b. Plant cells become flaccid after losing their water to a hypertonic solution?(1mk)
3. Four equal strips A,B,C and D were cut from a potato whose cells had a sugar concentration of
28.5%.The strips were placed in sugar solutions of different concentrations as follows:
A:10% B 15% C 25% D 35%
i. What changes would you expect in strips A and D?2mks
ii. Account for the change in strip D(3mks)
4. The figure below shows a small piece of visking tubing which is filled with potassium permanganate
solution. Its free ends were tied tightly to prevent leakage .It was then dipped in a beaker full of distilled
water. The set up was left for 2 hours .Its was observed that the distilled water was coloured purple.
 a. What physiological process was being investigated.(1mk)
b. Account for the observation made in (a) above.(3mks)
5. a.State three factors that affect enzyme activities.(3mks)
b.Name the structures on an enzyme where substrate molecules fix themselves during an enzyme
reaction.(1mk)
c.State what would happen to an enzyme molecule if the temperature is:-
i. Raised above 40˚c(1mk)
ii.Lowered below 10˚c.(1mk)

6. The diagram below represents a set up that was used to investigate a certain process in a plant.

a. State the aim of the experiment.(1mk)

b. State a factor that would affect the process.(1mk
7. State the importance of nucleic acids to an organisms.(1mk
8. State the significance of the following to a leaf:-
a. Thinness(1mk)
b. Presence of air spaces(1mk
c. Stomata(1mk)
9. What is the role of roof hairs in plants.(1mk
10. What is meant by the term organ systems in organisms?(1mk)
11. State three factors that affect the rate of diffusion (3mks)
12. What is compensation point.(1mk)
13. a.State two properties of monosaccharide .(2mks)
b.What is the main function of monosaccharide in organisms?(1mk)

14. State the formula for calculating magnification when using the following
a. Hand lens/naked eyes (1mk
b. A light microscopic (1mk)
15. Explain why a mule, a product of mating between a horse and a donkey is sterile .(1mk
16. State two factors considered while grouping the organisms in the same species. (2mks)
17. Describe how you would carry out food tests to test the presence of starch and reducing sugars on a food
sample.
a. Test for starch.(3mks)
b. Test for reducing sugar (4mks)
18. Explain how surface area to volume ratio idea may be applied to explain rate of diffusion in
organisms.(2mks)
19. Which organelles in a cell perform the following functions
a. Manufacture of ribosomes(1mk)
b. Package cell secretions(1mk)
c. Energy production(1mk)
d. Synthesis of carbohydrates.(1mk)
20. Name the taxonomic unit with:
a. The greatest number of organism.(1mk
b. The least number of organisms(1mk)
21. a.Define the term cell(1mk
b.When onion epidermal cells were placed and focused along the diameter of the field of view ,10 cells
were viewed and counted. Calculate the length of each epidermal cell in micrometers (1mm =
1000micrometers).Assume the diameter of field of view= 3mm(2mks)
22. Name the kingdom in which the organisms named below belong.
 a. Bacteria(1mk
b. Paramecium(1mk)
c. Yeast(1mk
23. State the deficiency disease caused by deficiency of the following vitamins
a.Vitamins A(1mk)
b.Vitamin D (1mk)
c.Vitamin B1 (1mk)
24. a. State and explain how the ileum is adapted to perform its function.(4mks
b.State two functions of the colon during digestion.(2mks)
25. a.Name two diseases that affect human teeth.(2mks)
b.(i) Write the dental formula of an adult human.(1mk)
ii)Work out the total number of teeth from the formula above.(1mk)
26 In an experiment to investigate a factor affecting photosynthesis, a leaf of a potted plant which had been
kept in the dark overnight was covered with aluminium foil as shown in the diagrams below.

The set up was kept in sunlight for three hours after which a food test was carried out on the leaf.

a. Which factor was being investigated in the experiment?(1mk)

b. Which food test was carried out?(1mk)
c. I)Sate the results of the food test.(2mks)
ii) Account for the results in (c) (i) above.2mks
d. Why was is necessary to keep the plant in darkness before the experiment? 1mk
 27 a. Distinguish between the term s homodont and heterodont (2mks)
b.Name the gap between incisors and premolars in some herbivores and state its function.(2mks)
28. State and explain how palisade cells are adapted to perform their function.(3mks)
29. a.Define the term active transport .(2mks)
b.State four factors that affect active transpiration.(4mks)
30. State the function of the following parts of a light microscope.
a. Coarse adjustment knob.(1mk
b.Diaphragm(1mk)
c.Condenser(1mk
31. Name the first four taxa in taxonomy starting from the highest level
 GOLDLITE ONLINE EDUCATIONAL SERVICES
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (Kcse)
SMARTFOCUS REVISION SERIES
231/1/2 - BIOLOGY- FORM 1

Name: ………………………………………….….…… Index No: …………………...….

School: …………………………………………………………………………………….....
Stream: ………………Candidate’s Signature: ………..……….... Date: ………………
EXAM 13

1. What is biology? (1 mark)

2. Give two skills gained by a student learning Biology. (2 marks)
3a)Name the unit of classification that has the least organisms. (1 mark)
b)State the application of Binomial nomenclature in naming organisms. (1 mark)
4.What is the importance of using a hand lens in classification of organisms (1 mark)
5.State two main branches of biology. (2 marks)
6.Define each of the following terminologies as used in biology : (2 marks)
a). Ecology
b). Anatomy
7.What characteristics of living organisms is represented by the following characteristics:
a)A cat producing kittens. (1mk)
b)A girl dropping a hot pan. (1mk)
c)The exhalation of carbon (IV) oxide. (1mk)
8. The diagram below represents a plant cell.
(a) Name a carbohydrate which forms part of the structure labelled S. (1mark)
(b) State two functions of the part labelled R. (2 marks)
(c) Name two structures present in the diagram but absent in the animal cell (2marks)
9 a) An electron microscope has a much greater resolving power than a light microscope. Explain the
meaning of the term resolving power. (1 mark)
b) Give a reason why an electron microscope cannot be used to study life specimen. (1 mark)
10. What is taxonomy? (1mark)
11. Give two reasons why classsification is important in biology. (2marks)
12. (a) Distinguish between growth and development. (2marks)
(b) State the importance of growth in living organisms. (1mark)
13.During a practical lesson to estimate the size of a cell, using the sketch below which some students observed,
calculate the length of one cell in micrometers given that the field of view was 8mm wide. (3 marks)

14. a) What is meant by the term Entomology. (1 mark)

b) The diagram below represents a certain apparatus used by biology students.

(i) Name the apparature above. (1 mark)

(ii) State the role of the apparatus named in b) (i) above. (1 mark)
15. Black jack (Bidens pilosa) belongs to the family Compositae.
What is it’s:
Genus. (1 mk)
Species. (1 mk)
16. a) Differentiate between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. (1 mk)
b) i) identify the organelle represented by the diagram below. (1 mk)

ii) State the function of the organelle identified in 2b(i) above. (1 Mark)
17. If a light microscope had an eye piece lens of X25 and an objective lens of X40, what would
the total magnification be? (2 mks)
18. a. State the importance of each of the following process in living things. (3 mks)
i. Respiration
ii. Gaseous exchange
iii. Reproduction

b. Apart from the characteristics of living things mentioned in (a) above, state any other 4other characteristics
common in living things. (4mks)
19. a). Give a reason why each of the following steps are followed when preparing cross sections
of a leaf for examination under a microscope:(4mks)
b)Cutting very thin sections
c)Using sharp razor blade (scalpel) during cutting.
d)Placing the sections in water
e)Staining the sections with iodine before observing under a microscope.
20. Calculate the magnification of the drawing of the termite below given that the actual length of the termite is
0.9cm long .Show your working (2mks)
21. plasmodium Falciparum are transmitted by a mosquito.
(a) Identify two mistake made in writing the scientific name (2mks)
(b) Can the above organisms interbreed? Give reasons (2mks)
(c) Rewrite the above scientific name properly (1mk)
22.Peter was using a light microscope to view onion cells with lens combination of eye piece lens X10 and
objective lens X20.
a)Calculate the total magnification. (1 mk)
b)If he changed the objective lens magnification to X40, would the cells appear bigger or smaller? Explain.
(2 mks)
23.Below is a structure found in plants.

Name the organelle. (1 mk)

What is the role of the organelle you have named in (a) above. (1 mk)
Name the parts labeled J and L. (3 mks)
24.Name the five major kingdom of classification (5mks)
25. The diagram below represents the structure of a light microscope. Study it and answer the
questions that follow.

a)Name the parts of the microscope labeled A to G. (7 mks)

b)State the functions of each of the parts marked E and F. (2 mks)
c)Which part of the microscope (use letter symbols):
i. Contributes to the magnification of the specimen. (1 mk)
ii. Is used to move the body tube over very small distances when observing under
high power magnification. (1 mk)
e)While trying to observe a specimen under a microscope, a student failed to see the
field of view. Suggest two possible causes of this. (2 mks)
26. The diagram below shows a cell as seen under a microscope.

a)i. Is this observation under a light or an electron microscope? (1 mk)

ii. Give a reason for your answer. (1 mk)
i. Is this an animal or a plant cell? (1 mk)

ii. Give a reason for your answer in (b) (i) (1 mk)

b)Name the parts labeled A to H. (5 mks)
c)State the functions of each of the parts marked A, B, C, D, E, F, H. (6 mks)
27. Briefly and adequately explain how plants compensate for lack of movement in a constantly changing
environment. (2 marks)
 GOLDLITE ONLINE EDUCATIONAL SERVICES
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (Kcse)
SMARTFOCUS REVISION SERIES
231/1/2 - BIOLOGY- FORM 1

Name: ………………………………………….….…… Index No: …………………...….

School: …………………………………………………………………………………….....
Stream: ………………Candidate’s Signature: ………..……….... Date: ………………
EXAM 14
1. State the use of the following apparatus in collecting and observing organisms (3mks)
a) Pooter
b) Hand lens
c) Pitfall trap
2. The scientific name for French bean is Phaseolus Vulgaris
a) What taxon does the term Phaseolus represent? (1mk)
b) State two rules that are followed when giving a scientific name to an organism(2mks)
3. a) What is meant by the term taxonomy (1mk)
(b) When are two organisms considered to belong to the same species? (2mks
4. Name the branch of biology that deals with the study of zooplanktons. (1mk)
5. Four organisms were classified using the binomial nomenclature as below.
Organism Name
V Drosophila melanogaster
W Canis lupus
X Rana temporaria
Y Canis familiaris

a) Name two organisms that are closely related. (2mks)

b) Give a reason for your answer in (a) above. (1mk)
6. Mango is known as MANGIFERA INDICA
i) Write down the scientific name given above following the acceptable system of naming. (1mk)
ii) What is the scientific naming system called? (1mk)
7. a) What is the formula for calculating linear magnification using a light microscope (1mk)
 (b) State two functions of the following cell organelle.
Nucleolus (1mk)
Centrioles (1mk)
Mitochondrion (1mk)
Chloroplast (1mk)
Golgi body (2mks)
8. Give the functions of the following parts of a microscope. (5mks)
Condenser
Fine adjustment knob
Eye piece
Objective lens
Diaphragm

9. Define the following terms

a) Magnification (1mk)
b) Resolution (1mk)
c) Give three differences between a plant cell and an animal cell. (3mks)
Plant cell Animal cell

10. The figure below is a diagram of a cell as seen under the light microscope. The microscope’s eye piece
lens had a magnification of x10.

Cell wall
Mg X40

i) Name three structures that show that this is a plant cell and not an animal cell.(3mks)
ii) Name one chemical compound that is only found in the structure labeled A and state its function.
(2mks)
11. Explain why the following processes are important during the preparation of temporary slides.
 a) Staining (1mk)
b) Use of a sharp cutting blade. (1mk)
12. In a class experiment to establish the size of an onion cell, a learner observed the following on the
microscope field of view.

If the student counted 20 cells across the diameter of this field of view, calculate the size of one cell
micrometers. (3mks)

13. a) List four skills that you develop as you study biology. (4mks)
(b) List three careers that require study of biology. (3mk
c) State two importance of classification of living organisms. (2mks)
d) Name five kingdoms of classification and in each case give an example. (5mks)
14. Distinguish between heterotrophism and autotrophism. (2mks)
15. Name the building blocks of: (2mks)
a) Lipids
b) Proteins
16. An experiment was set up as shown below to investigate a condition necessary for photosynthesis.

a) Name the condition being investigated. (1mk)

 b) What is the role of sodium hydroxide pellets. (1mk)
c) Explain the expected results when leaf S and T are tested for starch. (2mks)
17. Below is a list of carbohydrates; sucrose, fructose, cellulose, galactose, glycogen, maltose.
a) Name two monosaccharide’s (2mks)
b) Name two disaccharides (2mks)
c) Name two polysaccharides (2mks)
18. a) Explain the importance of the following stages in an experiment to test for presence of starch in a leaf.
i) Dipping the leaf in hot water. (1mk)
ii) Boiling the leaf in alcohol methylated spirit. (1mk)
iii) Adding iodine. (1mk)
d) What are the expected results if:
i) Starch is present. (1mk)
ii) Starch is absent (1mk
e) What are the expected results if a variegated leaf is used? (1mk)
 GOLDLITE ONLINE EDUCATIONAL SERVICES
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (Kcse)
SMARTFOCUS REVISION SERIES
231/1/2 - BIOLOGY- FORM 1

Name: ………………………………………….….…… Index No: …………………...….

School: …………………………………………………………………………………….....
Stream: ………………Candidate’s Signature: ………..……….... Date: ………………
EXAM 15

1. i) State one process that takes place during the light stage and one that takes place in the dark stage of
photosynthesis. (2mks)

Light

Dark
ii) Name three products of the light stage of photosynthesis (3mks)

c) Name three types of cells in the leaves where photosynthesis occurs (3mks)
2. Name one example of the specialized cells in plants and one example in animals.
(i)Plants (1mk
(ii) Animals (1mk)

3. Identify the following apparatus and state its functions.

i) Name……………………(1mk)

ii) Function (1mk)

4. A student measured the length of a mitochondrion on a photomicrograph whose magnification was X
40000 and found it to be 1mm. Calculate the actual size of the mitochondrion. (3mks)
5. State the type of solution that makes the plant cell. (2mks)
i) Flaccid……………………………………………….……………………………………………
 ii) Turgid………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. Name the carbohydrate stored in:
i) Cell wall. . (1mk)
ii) Mammalian liver. (1mk)
7. Name the monosaccharides that make up the disaccharides below
a)Sucrose………………………… (1mk)
b)Lactose………………(1mk)
c Maltose……………………(1mk)
8. (a) Name three characteristics of living organisms (3mks)
(b) Apart from Plantae and Animalia, name three other kingdoms. (3mks)
9. Draw a well labeled diagram show the external parts of a simple leaf (6mks)
10. Give two characteristics that distinguish scientific names from common names. (2mks)

11. (a) What is cell specialization (1mk)

(b) Name three types of tissues found in animals (3mks)
(c) Name three main types of lenses found on a light microscope (3mks)
12. The diagram below represents the digestive system in man. Study the diagram and answer the questions that
follow

(a) Label the part K ,L, S and salivary glands M and P (5rnks)
(b) Name three hormones which are secreted along the alimentary canal (3mks)

13. List down four differences between a light microscope and an electron microscope (4mks)
Light Microscope Electron Microscope

14. List down four factors that determines energy requirements in human being: (4mks)
15. Define the following branches of Biology. (2mks)
i) Genetics
ii) Entomology
16. State the functions of each of the following organelles.
a) Nucleolus (1mk)
b) Golgi apparatus (2mks)
17. The diagram below represents a longitudinal section of a human tooth.

(a) Identify the type of tooth. (1mk)

(b) Give one reason for your answer in (a) above. (1mk)
(c) State one function of the tooth. (1mk)
 GOLDLITE ONLINE EDUCATIONAL SERVICES
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (Kcse)
SMARTFOCUS REVISION SERIES
231/1/2 - BIOLOGY- FORM 1
Name: ………………………………………….….…… Index No: …………………...….
School: …………………………………………………………………………………….....
Stream: ………………Candidate’s Signature: ………..……….... Date: ………………
EXAM 16
Answer all the questions
1. State the functions of the following parts of alight microscope: (2mks)
a) Objective lens
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Diaphragm
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. State the functions of the following cell organelles:
a) Ribosomes (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Lysosomes (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
3 a) Distinguish between diffusion and active transport. (2mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) State one hole that is played by osmosis in:
i) Plants. (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) Animals (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Explain how the following factors determine the daily energy requirement in humans
a) Age - (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Occupation. (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) Sex (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. The diagram below a red blood cell that was subjected to a certain treatment.

At start at the end of experiment

a) Account for shape of the cell at the end of the experiment. (2mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
1
 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Draw a diagram to illustrate how a plant cell would appear if subjected to t he same
treatment. (1mk)

6. Plant cells do not burst when immersed in distilled water. Explain (2mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. State three functions of Golgi apparatus. (3mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. Name the diseases caused by deficiency of
a) Iodine (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Vitmain B2 (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. The diagram below shows part of alimentary canal.

B A
C

F
D
E

a) What substances are absorbed at part labeled F. (1mk)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) State two functions of the substances stored in B (2mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) Name the enzyme that digest proteins in structure labeled C. (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
d) State two adaptations of the structure D that causes the increase of surface area. (2mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………

e) Name structure E (1mk)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. State two adaptations of leaves that maximize efficiency in trapping sunlight for
Photosynthesis (2mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. Name one cell organelle found in the actively respiring tissues. (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
12. a) Define the term symbiosis. (1mk)
2
 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) i) What are the final products of digestion of fats. (2mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) Under which conditions will the body use proteins as a source of energy. (2mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
iii) Name one nutrient that does not require digestion before it is absorebed. (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
13. The diagram below represents the external structure of a mammalian tooth. Study it.

i) Name the parts labeled J and K (2mks)

J……………………………………………………………………………………………………
K……………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) Identify the type of tooth shown. (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
iii) Give two reasons for your answer in (ii) above (2mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
14. a) State two factors that denature enzymes (2mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Give two functions of the large intestines in human beings. (2mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
15. State the role of the following parts of the mammalian intestine.
a) Goblet cells. (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Lacteals in the villi (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
16. An animal has no incisor, no canines, 6 premolars and 6 molars in its upper jaw. In the lower jaw,
there are 6 incisors,2 canines, 6 premolars and 6 molars.
i) Write the dental formula of the animal. (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) Calculate the total number of teeth for the animal. (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
iii) What is the likely food of the animal? (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
17. Distinguish between hypertonic and hypotonic solutions. (2mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
18. The following is a diagram of a light microscope.

3
 a) Name the parts labeled A, B, C, D,E , (5mks)
A…………………………………………………………………………………………….
B…………………………………………………………………………………………….
C…………………………………………………………………………………………….
D…………………………………………………………………………………………….
E…………………………………………………………………………………………….
b) State the functions of parts labeled E and F (2mks)
E…………………………………………………………………………………………….
F…………………………………………………………………………………………….

19. Name the organelle that:

a) Manufacture and transport lipids and steroids in a cell (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Contain enzymes that are capable of destroying old damaged cells. (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) Control all the processes in a cell. (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
d) Form Cilia and flagella in cells that have them (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
20. State the branch of biology that deals with the study of : (2mks)
(i) Insects
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) The relationship between organisms and their environment.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
21. Name the filed of science that specializes in the study of cells. (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
22. State the use of the following apparatus.
i) Pooter. (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) Sweep net (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
23. The scientific name for beans is Phosedus vulgaris.
a) What taxon does the term phoseodus represent. (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) State two rules that are followed when giving a scientific name to an organism (2mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
24. Compare the structure of plant and animal cells. (4mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
4
 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………

25. List seven life processes/characteristics that must take place in all living organisms. (7mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
26. The figure below shows an experimental set up.

Beaker

Salt solution visking tube

Beginning
a) What process of
wasexperiment
being investigated. End of experiment (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Give reasons for the results obtained at the end of the experiment. (3mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
27. List seven major taxonomic units of classification on living things. In descending order. (7mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

28. Classify the following organisms into their kingdoms (4mks)

Organisms Kingdom
a) Maize,Beans ………………………………………..
b) Mushrooms,Yeast ……………………………………….
c) Protoza, algae ……………………………………….
d) Bacteria ……………………………………….