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43 views49 pages

(Ebook PDF) Human Resource Management 5th Canadian Edition by Sandra Steen Instant Download

The document provides information about various eBooks related to Human Resource Management, including the 5th Canadian Edition by Sandra Steen. It contains links to download these eBooks and outlines the contents of the 5th Canadian Edition, covering topics such as HR strategies, legal contexts, talent management, and performance management. The document also highlights additional resources and related titles available for download.

Uploaded by

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Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Second Pass

F I F T H C A N A D I A N E D I T I O N

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Brief Contents
Preface xv
PART 4
Compensating and Rewarding
PART 1 Human Resources 195
The Human Resource CHAPTER 8
Environment 1 Total Rewards 196
CHAPTER 1
Strategies, Trends, and Opportunities for
Human Resource Management 2
PART 5
Meeting Other HR Goals 229
CHAPTER 2
The Legal Context for HRM and Creating Safe CHAPTER 9
and Healthy Workplaces 32 Labour Relations 230

CHAPTER 10
PART 2 Managing Human Resources Globally 254
Preparing for and Acquiring CHAPTER 11
Human Resources 61 Creating and Sustaining High-Performance
Organizations 281
CHAPTER 3
Analyzing Work and Designing Jobs 62
Notes EN-1
CHAPTER 4 Glossary GL-1
Planning for and Recruiting Human
Resources 83 Index IN-1

CHAPTER 5
Selecting Employees 108

PART 3
Talent Management 133
CHAPTER 6
Training, Learning, and Development 134

CHAPTER 7
Managing Employees’ Performance 168

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Contents
Preface xv What Are the HR Responsibilities of Supervisors and
Managers? 19
How Is the Labour Force Changing? 19
PART 1 Aging of the Workforce 20
A Multi-generational Workforce 21
The Human Resource A Diverse Workforce 21
Shift to Knowledge Workers 22
Environment 1 Increasing Levels of Education 23

CHAPTER 1 Competing through Technology 23


Social Networking, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and
Strategies, Trends, and Opportunities for
Robotics 23
Human Resource Management 2 HRIS, Mobile Devices, Cloud Computing, and HR
Earning a Reputation as a Great Employer 3 Dashboards 25
Introduction 3 High-Performance Work Systems and
Virtual Teams 26
Human Resources and Organizational Performance 4
Thinking ETHICALLY Using Data Analytics
Did You KNOW? Engaged and Enabled Employees Deliver
Responsibly 27
Organizational Results 5
How Is This Book Organized? 27
What Are the Responsibilities of HR Departments? 6
Analyzing and Designing Jobs 7
Summary 28
Workforce Planning 7 Critical Thinking Questions 29
Recruiting and Hiring Employees 8 Experiencing HR 29
Training, Learning, and Development 8 Case Study 1.1 29
Performance Management 8 Case Study 1.2 30
Total Rewards 8
Maintaining Positive Employee and Labour Relations 9 CHAPTER 2
Establishing and Administering Human Resource The Legal Context for HRM and Creating Safe
Policies 9 and Healthy Workplaces 32
Managing and Using Human Resource Data 9
PSPC Recognized as a Best Diversity Employer 33
HR How-To Making Analytics Useful and Relevant 10 Introduction 33
Ensuring Compliance with Federal and Provincial/Territorial The Legal Context for HRM in Canada 33
Legislation 10 Valuing Diversity and Inclusion 33
Focus on Strategy 11 Culture of Workplace Health and Safety 34
The Legal Framework for HRM 34
HR Oops! Out-of-Focus HRM 11
Employment-related Legislation 35
Evidence-based HRM 12 Protecting Human Rights at Work 35
Change and Sustainability Requires Agility 12 How Would You Know? 36
Productivity Improvement 13 What Is the Employer’s Duty to Accommodate? 37
Mergers and Acquisitions 13 Protection from Harassment 38
Non-traditional Employment and the Gig Economy 14 Employment Equity 42
Outsourcing 14 Protection of Privacy 43
Expanding into Global Markets 14
What Competencies Do HR Professionals Need? 16 HR How-To Protecting Employees’ Personal
Information 44
Careers in Human Resource Management 16
HR Professional Designations 17 Employment/Labour Standards 45
Ethics in Human Resource Management 18 Controversies 45

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x Contents

HR Oops! Are Unpaid Internships a Violation of Minimum Job Analysis 64


Employment Standards? 46 Importance of Job Analysis 65
Pay Equity 46 Job Descriptions 66
Enforcement of Employment Legislation 47 Job Specifications 67
Human Rights Commissions 47 Sources of Job Information 68
Privacy Commissioners 47 Position Analysis Questionnaire 69
Employment/Labour Standards Offices 47 Fleishman Job Analysis System 69
Workplace Health and Safety 48 Analyzing Teamwork 69
Internal Responsibility System 48 Competency Models 69
Health and Safety Committees 48 Developments in Job Analysis 70
Job Design 71
Did You KNOW? Top Seven Dangers for Young Designing Efficient Jobs 71
Workers (in BC) 49 Designing Jobs That Motivate 72
What Are the Responsibilities of Employers, Managers,
HR How-To Planning for Workplace Flexibility 75
and Supervisors? 49
Some Contemporary Workplace Hazards and
HR Oops! Neglecting Remote Workers? 76
Safety Issues 49
Employee Rights and Responsibilities 51 Designing Ergonomically Correct Jobs 76
Enforcement of Occupational Health and Safety
Did You KNOW? Mental Illness in the Employed Is
Regulations 51
Increasing for All Age Groups 77
Psychological Safety 52
Impact of Occupational Health and Safety Legislation 52 Designing Jobs That Consider Cognitive Demands 78
Employer-sponsored Health and Safety Programs 54 Thinking ETHICALLY How Can You Ethically Design a
Identifying and Communicating Job Hazards 54 Dangerous Job? 78
Reinforcing Safe Practices 55
Employee Health and Wellness Programs 55
Summary 79
Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs) 55 Critical Thinking Questions 80
Promoting Safety Globally 56 Experiencing HR 80
Case Study 3.1 81
Thinking ETHICALLY Simple Situations Can Become Case Study 3.2 81
Awkward 56

Summary 57 CHAPTER 4
Critical Thinking Questions 57 Planning for and Recruiting
Experiencing HR 58 Human Resources 83
Case Study 2.1 58 Balancing Labour Demand and Supply: Uber and Lyft 84
Case Study 2.2 59 Introduction 84
Workforce Planning—Why, What, and How? 84
PART 2 Forecasting 84
Goal Setting and Strategic Planning 87
Preparing for and Acquiring Implementing and Evaluating the Workforce Plan 91
Talent 61 Applying Workforce Planning to
Employment Equity 92
CHAPTER 3 Succession Planning: A Type of Workforce
Planning 93
Analyzing Work and Designing Jobs 62
Recruiting Human Resources 93
Exceptionally Interesting Jobs in STEM? 63 Human Resource Policies 93
Introduction 63
Work Flow in Organizations 63 HR How-To The Process of Developing a
Succession Plan 94
Work Flow Analysis 63
How Does the Work Fit with the Organization’s Recruitment Sources 95
Structure? 63 Internal Sources 95

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Contents xi

Did You KNOW? Four in Ten Positions Are Filled with Interviews 123
Insiders 96 Interviewing Techniques 123
External Sources 98 Advantages and Disadvantages of Traditional
Interviewing 125
HR Oops! Can Job Ads Perpetuate Gender Bias? 100 Preparing to Interview 125
Evaluating Recruitment Sources 101
HR Oops! Red Flags During Job Interviews 126
Recruiter Traits and Behaviours 101
Recruiters’ Functional Area and Traits 102 Selection Decisions 126
Recruiters’ Realism 102 How Organizations Select Employees 126
Enhancing Recruiter Impact 103 Communicating the Decision 127

Thinking ETHICALLY Mindsets Shift on Boomerang Thinking ETHICALLY What Is an Employer’s Ethical Duty to
Employees 103 Check Facts? 128

Summary 104 Summary 128


Critical Thinking Questions 104 Critical Thinking Questions 129
Experiencing HR 105 Experiencing HR 130
Case Study 4.1 105 Case Study 5.1 130
Case Study 4.2 106 Case Study 5.2 131

CHAPTER 5 PART 3
Selecting Employees 108
Valuing Workers with Autism 109
Talent Management 133
Introduction 109
CHAPTER 6
What Are the Steps in the Selection Process? 109
Training, Learning, and Development 134
The Candidate Experience 110
What Are the Legal Standards for Selection? 111 The Blanket Exercise—An Indigenous Learning
Experience 135
HR How-To Using Data Analytics to Support Fair Hiring Introduction 135
Decisions 113
Training, Learning, and Development Linked to
What Are the Criteria for Evaluating Selection Organizational Needs and Strategy 136
Methods? 113
Did You KNOW? More Learning Time in Companies
Reliability 113
Exhibiting a Strong Learning Culture 137
Validity 114
Ability to Generalize 115 Needs Assessment 137
Practical Value 115 Person Analysis 138
Task Analysis 139
Did You KNOW? Consequences of a Bad Hire Affect the
Readiness for Learning 139
Bottom Line 116
Employee Readiness Characteristics 140
Job Applications and Résumés 116 Work Environment 140
Applications 117 How to Plan and Design the Training
Résumés 117 Program 140
References 117 Objectives of the Program 140
Background Checks 118 In-House or Contracted Out? 141
Employment Tests and Work Samples 119 Selecting Training Methods 141
Physical Ability Tests 119 Presentation Methods 141
Cognitive Ability Tests 120 Hands-on Methods 143
Job Performance Tests and Work Samples 120
Personality Inventories 121 HR How-To Using Wearable Technology to Support
Honesty and Drug and Alcohol Tests 122 Training 146
Medical Examinations 123 Group- or Team-building Methods 147

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xii Contents

Implementing and Evaluating the Training Sources of Performance Information 182


Program 148 Managers and Supervisors 182
Principles of Learning 148 Peers 183
Choosing the Training Method 149 Direct Reports 183
Transfer of Learning 150 Self 183
Measuring Results of Training 150 Customers and Clients 183
Crowdsourcing Performance Appraisal 184
HR Oops! Measurement of Training Effectiveness Earns a
Bad Grade 151 Errors in Performance Measurement 184
Types of Rating Errors 185
Applications of Training 152 What Can Be Done to Reduce Errors? 185
Orientation and Onboarding of New Employees 152
Performance Feedback 186
Supporting Diversity and Inclusion 153
Effective Performance Feedback 186
Approaches to Employee Development 153
Development for Careers 153 Did You KNOW? Millennials and Generation X Employees
Formal Education 154 Prefer Praise to Corrective Feedback 188
Assessment 154 Performance Improvement 188
Job Experiences 157
Interpersonal Relationships 159 HR How-To Discussing Employee Performance 189
Career Management Systems 161 Legal, Ethical, and Privacy Issues 189
Data Gathering 161 Legal Requirements for Performance Management 190
Feedback 161
Goal Setting 162 Thinking ETHICALLY What Are the Ethical Boundaries of
Action Planning and Follow-Up 162 Tracking Employee Activities? 190
High-Potential Employees 162 Ethical and Privacy Issues 191
Summary 192
Thinking ETHICALLY Should Companies Tell Employees
They Have High Potential? 164 Critical Thinking Questions 192
Experiencing HR 193
Summary 164
Case Study 7.1 193
Critical Thinking Questions 165
Case Study 7.2 194
Experiencing HR 166
Case Study 6.1 166
Case Study 6.2 167 PART 4
CHAPTER 7 Compensating and Rewarding
Managing Employees’ Performance 168
Human Resources 195
Changing Performance ­Management at
Deloitte 169 CHAPTER 8
Introduction 169 Total Rewards 196
Relevance of Performance Management to
Cisco Provides Time2Give 197
Organizational Strategy and Performance 169
Introduction 197
Purposes of Performance Management 170
Decisions about Base Pay 200
Strategic Purpose 170
Administrative Purpose 170 What Are the Legal Requirements? 200
Developmental Purpose 171 Economic Influences on Pay 201
Criteria for Effective Performance Management 171 Product and Labour Markets 201
Pay Level: Deciding What to Pay 201
HR Oops! Unclear Expectations 172 Gathering Information about Market Pay 202
The Process of Performance Management 173 How Do Employees Judge Pay Fairness? 202
Methods for Measuring Performance 174 Job Structure: Relative Value of Jobs 202
Making Comparisons 174 Pay Structure: Putting It All Together 203
Rating Individuals 176 Pay Rates 203

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Contents xiii

Pay Grades 205 Unionization is in the Air at WestJet 231


Pay Ranges 205 Introduction 231
Alternatives to Job-based Pay 206 Role of Unions and Labour Relations 231
Pay Structure and Actual Pay 206 Types of Unions and Affiliations 232
Incentive Pay 207 Local Unions 233
Pay for Individual Performance 208 History and Trends in Union Membership 233

Did You KNOW? Awarding Spot Bonuses 209 Did You KNOW? Differences Among the ­
Pay for Team Performance 210 Sexes—Unionization Rate 236
Pay for Organizational Performance 211 Impact of Unions on Company Performance 236
What Is the Role of Employee Benefits? 212 Goals of Management, Unions, and Society 237
Management Goals 237
HR How-To Rewarding Workers When Raises Are Not
Union Goals 238
an Option 213

What Benefits Are Required by Law? 214 HR Oops! Public Service Union Says It’s Owed $10 Million
Due to Payroll Fiasco 239
What Optional Benefits Do Some Employers
Provide? 214 Society’s Goals 240
Paid Leave 215 Laws and Regulations Affecting Labour Relations 240
Group Insurance and Benefits 215
Retirement Plans 216 HR How-To Avoiding Unfair Labour Practices 241
Family-friendly Benefits and Services 218 Prevention of Unfair Labour Practices 241
Other Benefits 218 What Is the Union Organizing Process? 241
Selecting Employee Benefits 219 The Process of Organizing 241
An Organization’s Objectives 219 Management Strategies 241
Can a Union be Decertified? 242
HR Oops! Protests at Tim Hortons after Cuts to Employee
Benefits 219 Collective Bargaining 243
Bargaining over New Collective Agreements 244
Employees’ Expectations and Values 220
What Happens When Bargaining Breaks Down? 246
Flexible Benefits 220
Collective Agreement Administration 247
Communicating Total Rewards to Employees 220
Labour–Management Cooperation and
Did You KNOW? Benefits Are Important to Collaboration 249
Employees 221
Thinking ETHICALLY Is the Seniority System Fair? 250
Executive Compensation and Rewards 221
Summary 251
Pay for Executives 221
Critical Thinking Questions 251
Executive Incentives and Benefits 222
Performance Measures for Executives 223 Experiencing HR 252
Case Study 9.1 252
Thinking ETHICALLY Volkswagen Changes How It Pays 224 Case Study 9.2 253
Summary 224
Critical Thinking Questions 225 CHAPTER 10
Experiencing HR 226 Managing Human Resources Globally 254
Case Study 8.1 226 Tim Hortons’ Launch into China 255
Case Study 8.2 226 Introduction 255
HRM in a Global Environment 255
Employees in an International Workforce 256
PART 5 Employers in the Global Marketplace 257
What Factors Affect HRM in International
Meeting Other HR Goals 229 Markets? 259
Culture 259
CHAPTER 9
Labour Relations 230 HR Oops! Cross-Cultural Management Blunders 260

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xiv Contents

Education and Skill Levels 262 Conditions That Contribute to High Performance 285
Economic System 262 Employee Experience 285
Political–Legal System 263
Did You KNOW? Empowerment Associated with Positive
Workforce Planning in a Global Economy 263
Employee Experience 286
Selecting Employees in a Global Labour Market 264
Selecting Expatriate Managers 265
HR Oops! Employees Say Anything to Stay Away from
HR How-To Meeting the Need for Leadership Talent 266 Work 291

Training and Developing a Global Workforce 266 How Is Employee Experience Assessed? 292
Training Programs for an International Workforce 268 HRM’s Contribution to High Performance 294
Training and Development for Global Relocation 268 Job Design 295
Performance Management across National Recruitment and Selection 295
Boundaries 269 Training, Learning, and Development 295
Managing Expatriates’ Performance 269 Performance Management 295
Compensating and Rewarding an International Compensation and Rewards 297
Workforce 269 Managing Voluntary and Involuntary Turnover 297
Handling Employee Discipline Appropriately 300
Did You KNOW? The 10 Most Expensive Cities Are Effectiveness and Impact of Human Resource
Located on Three Continents 270 Management 301
Pay Structure 270 Human Resource Management Audits 301
Incentive Pay 273 Analyzing the Effect and Impact of HRM
Employee Benefits and Services 273 Programs 303
International Labour Relations 273 Improving HRM Effectiveness and Impact through
Preparing and Managing Expatriates 275 Technology 304
Global Relocation Success Factors 275 Human Resource Management Online: E-HRM 304
Helping Expatriates Return and Minimizing Turnover 276 HRM Information Systems 304

Thinking ETHICALLY How Can Employers Support HR How-To HR Services Go Mobile 305
LGBTQ2+ Employees in Expat Assignments? 277
The Future for HR Professionals 306
Summary 278 The Role of the Chief Human Resources Officer 307
Critical Thinking Questions 278
Thinking ETHICALLY How Should Employers Protect Their
Experiencing HR 279
Data on Employee Devices? 308
Case Study 10.1 279
Case Study 10.2 280 Summary 308
Critical Thinking Questions 309
CHAPTER 11 Experiencing HR 310
Creating and Sustaining High-Performance Case Study 11.1 310
Organizations 281 Case Study 11.2 310
EllisDon Builds a High-Performance Culture 282
Notes EN-1
Introduction 282
What Is a High-Performance Work System? 282 Glossary GL-1
Elements of a High-Performance Work System 282
Outcomes of a High-Performance Work System 284 Index IN-1

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Preface
Welcome to the Fifth Canadian edition of Human Resource Management. This book was created to provide you with a
focused introduction to HRM in Canada that is rich in content and relevant in its strategic application. The 11 chapters
balance theory and practical application, and present the material in a manner that is intended to be engaging as well as
thought provoking.
Whether you are a current or future employee, supervisor, manager, entrepreneur, executive, or HR professional, this
Fifth edition is even more focused on supporting your need for foundational Human Resource Management thought lead-
ership and applied insight necessary to perform and thrive in organizations today.
New to this edition are additional resources designed to bring real-world relevance to the study of human resource
management. New Evidence-based HRM and HRM Social Case Studies in each chapter encourage students to explore
real-world HR applications in both individual and group settings. Most chapters also provide specific Indigenous content
intended to open important and elevating conversations. Additionally, this edition was crafted to be necessarily inclusive
with respect to the stories told and images shared.

Engaging, Focused, and Applied


Managing human resources is a critical component of any organization’s overall mission to provide value to customers,
shareholders, employees, and the communities in which it operates. Value includes not only profits but also a positive
employee experience, creation of new jobs, protection of the environment, and contributions to community programs. All
aspects of human resource management including preparing for, acquiring, developing, and rewarding employees enable
organizations to address possibilities and challenges, create value, and provide competitive advantages. In addition, effec-
tive human resource management requires being mindful of broader contextual issues including economic conditions,
legal issues, globalization, as well as technological and social changes. Effective human resource management practices
create value for stakeholders, including employees. For example, in this edition, you will find many features that highlight
successful and high-performing organizations throughout Canada that are leading the way in effective people manage-
ment practices.
An important feature of this book is that it is rich with organizational examples and stories that provide practical
applications. Regardless of the focus of your career aspirations, and whether or not you directly manage other employees
now or will in the future, effective human resource management has never been more critical to achieving organizational
success including individual and team accomplishment and providing a positive employee experience. As described in
detail in the guided tour of the book, each chapter contains several features that encourage analysis and evaluation of
human resource–related situations and applies the chapter concepts.
The author team believes that the engaging, focused, and applied approach distinguishes this book from others that
have similar coverage of HR topics. The book has timely coverage of important HR issues, is easy to read, and provides
the content, tools, and resources to illustrate the relevance of HR from the perspective of future and current employees,
managers, entrepreneurs, executives, and HR professionals.

Organization of the Fifth Edition


• Part 1, The Human Resource Environment, (Chapters 1–2) discusses several aspects of the human resource
environment. To be effective, human resource management must begin with an awareness of the trends and
opportunities shaping this field, including changes in the workforce, technology, and society as well as the
profession of HR itself. Such trends and issues are the topic of Chapter 1. On a more detailed level, human resource
management must also ensure that the organization’s actions comply with and exceed legal requirements in the
effort to meet goals including diversity and inclusion, protecting employees’ human rights, privacy, and providing
for health and safety at work—the focus of Chapter 2.
• Part 2, Preparing for and Acquiring Human Resources (Chapters 3–5) explores the responsibilities involved in
preparing for and acquiring human resources. Chapter 3 covers the topics of analyzing work and designing jobs.
Chapter 4 explains how to plan for human resource needs and recruit candidates to meet those needs. Chapter 5
discusses the selection of employees and their placement into jobs or teams.
• In Part 3, Talent Management (Chapters 6–7), the discussion turns to managing the organization’s talent.
Chapter 6 addresses various ways organizations stimulate learning by training and developing employees to perform

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xvi Preface

their jobs, prepare for future jobs, and help establish career paths that take into account work interests, goals,
values, and other career considerations. Chapter 7 describes the various requirements associated with managing
performance, including establishing performance expectations, coaching, and providing feedback.
• An important element of attracting, retaining, and engaging human resources is rewarding employees for the
work performed and accomplishments achieved. Part 4, Compensating and Rewarding Human Resources
(Chapter 8) addresses several topics related to compensation and rewards. Chapter 8 explores decisions related to
the organization’s overall pay structure, discusses ways organizations can use pay to recognize individual and group
contributions to the organization’s performance, considers benefits and services—forms of total compensation other
than pay—and looks at how to create a total rewards culture.
• Part 5, Meeting Other HR Goals (Chapters 9–11) addresses a number of important HR topics. Chapter 9
discusses human resource management in organizations where employees have or are seeking union representation.
Chapter 10 focuses on HR activities in global contexts. And Chapter 11, the last chapter, addresses HR’s role in
creating and maintaining high-performance organizations.

MARKET LEADING TECHNOLOGY

Learn without Limits


McGraw-Hill Connect® is an award-winning digital teaching and learning platform that gives students the means to better
connect with their coursework, with their instructors, and with the important concepts that they will need to know for suc-
cess now and in the future. With Connect, instructors can take advantage of McGraw-Hill’s trusted content to seamlessly
deliver assignments, quizzes and tests online. McGraw-Hill Connect is a learning platform that continually adapts to each
student, delivering precisely what they need, when they need it, so class time is more engaging and effective. Connect
makes teaching and learning personal, easy, and proven.

Connect Key Features


SmartBook®
As the first and only adaptive reading experience, SmartBook is changing the way students read and learn. SmartBook
creates a personalized reading experience by highlighting the most important concepts a student needs to learn at that
moment in time. As a student engages with SmartBook, the reading experience continuously adapts by highlighting con-
tent based on what each student knows and doesn’t know. This ensures that they are focused on the content needed to close
specific knowledge gaps, while SmartBook simultaneously promotes long-term learning.

Connect Insight®
Connect Insight is Connect’s one-of-a-kind visual analytics dashboard—now available for instructors—that provides at-a-
glance information regarding student performance, which is immediately actionable. By presenting assignment, assess-
ment, and topical performance results together with a time metric that is easily visible for aggregate or individual results,
Connect Insight gives instructors the ability to take a just-in-time approach to teaching and learning, which was never
before available. Connect Insight presents data that helps instructors improve class performance in a way that is efficient
and effective.

Simple Assignment Management


With Connect, creating assignments is easier than ever, so instructors can spend more time teaching and less time
managing.
• Assign SmartBook learning modules.
• Instructors can edit existing questions and create their own questions.
• Draw from a variety of text-specific questions, resources, and test bank material to assign online.
• Streamline lesson planning, student progress reporting, and assignment grading to make classroom management
more efficient than ever.

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Preface xvii

Smart Grading
When it comes to studying, time is precious. Connect helps students learn more efficiently by providing feedback and
practice material when they need it, where they need it.
• Automatically score assignments, giving students immediate feedback on their work and comparisons with correct
answers.
• Access and review each response; manually change grades or leave comments for students to review.
• Track individual student performance—by question, assignment, or in relation to the class overall—with detailed
grade reports.
• Reinforce classroom concepts with practice tests and instant quizzes.
• Integrate grade reports easily with Learning Management Systems including Blackboard, D2L, and Moodle.
Mobile Access
Connect makes it easy for students to read and learn using their smartphones and tablets. With the mobile app, students
can study on the go—including reading and listening using the audio functionality—without constant need for Internet
access.

Instructor Library
The Connect Instructor Library is a repository for additional resources to improve student engagement in and out of the
class. It provides all the critical resources instructors need to build their course.
• Access Instructor resources.
• View assignments and resources created for past sections.
• Post your own resources for students to use.

Instructors’ Resources
To ensure maximum consistency with the text material, all of the instructor resources have been prepared by the lead text
author, Sandra Steen, making Connect a one-stop shop for quality instructor resources, including:
• Instructor’s Manual: The Instructor’s Manual accurately represents the text’s content and supports instructors’
needs. Each chapter includes the learning objectives, glossary of key terms, a chapter synopsis, complete lecture
outline, and solutions to the end-of-chapter critical thinking questions, cases, and other exercises.
• Computerized Test Bank: This flexible and easy-to-use electronic testing program allows instructors to create
tests from book-specific items. The Test Bank contains a broad selection of multiple-choice, true/false, and essay
questions, and instructors may add their own questions as well. Each question identifies the relevant page reference
and difficulty level. Multiple versions of the test can be created and printed.
• Microsoft PowerPoint ®
Presentations: These robust presentations offer high-quality visuals from the text and
highlight key concepts from each chapter to bring key HR concepts to life.
• Videos: This video package contains exclusive videos from Canadian HR Reporter. It is an excellent supplement
to lectures and useful for generating in-class discussion. Video summary information and teaching notes have been
prepared to accompany the video package and that can be integrated with course planning using the Instructor’s
Manual.

OPTIONAL SUPPLEMENTS
THE MANAGER’S HOTSEAT VIDEOS
The Manager’s HotSeat is a resource that allows students to watch real managers apply their years of experience to con-
fronting certain management and organizational behaviour issues. Students assume the role of the manager as they watch
the video and answer multiple-choice questions that pop up during the segment, forcing them to make decisions on the
spot. Students learn from the managers’ unscripted mistakes and successes, and then create a report critiquing the manag-
ers’ approach by defending their reasoning. The Manager’s HotSeat is ideal for group or classroom discussions.

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xviii Preface

APPLICATION-BASED ACTIVITIES
The Connect Application-based Activities are highly interactive and automatically graded application- and analysis-based
exercises wherein students immerse themselves in a business environment, analyze the situation, and apply their knowl-
edge of management strategies to real-world situations. Students progress from understanding basic concepts to using
their own knowledge to analyze complex scenarios and solve problems.
The Connect Application-based Activities provide students valuable practise using problem-solving skills to apply
their knowledge to realistic real-world situations. Students progress from understanding basic concepts to using their
knowledge to analyze complex scenarios and solve problems.

SUPERIOR LEARNING SOLUTIONS AND SUPPORT


The McGraw-Hill Education team is ready to help instructors assess and integrate any of our products, technology, and
services into your course for optimal teaching and learning performance. Whether it’s helping your students improve
their grades, or putting your entire course online, the McGraw-Hill Education team is here to help you do it. Contact your
Learning Solutions Consultant today to learn how to maximize all of McGraw-Hill Education’s resources.
For more information, please visit us online: www.mheducation.ca/he/solutions

Acknowledgments
The Fifth Canadian edition of Human Resource Management represents the efforts of an extraordinary publishing team
at McGraw-Hill Ryerson. Amy Clarke-Spencley and Kevin O’Hearn, our group portfolio managers, guided the vision
for the book, put the team and resources in place, and navigated all the strategic considerations in concert with Veronica
Saroli and Lindsay Macdonald, content developers. We also appreciate the expertise and collaboration with Indu Arora
throughout the photo research and permissions process. We would also like to thank Karen Rolfe, copy editor, for her
excellent work. Thank you to Dianne Reynolds for composing a compelling and crisp design for the book. Thank you to
Emily Park, marketing manager, for all of her great work to keep us current and connected to the higher education and
learning community. For this edition, we are also very grateful for the contributions of Jack Whelan and Jessica Barnoski,
supervising editors, who guided the production process.
We would also like to extend our sincere appreciation to all of the professors and students who shared their experi-
ences and perspectives. Through focus groups, informal reviews, and conversations, their suggestions, insights, and com-
ments helped us develop and shape this new edition.

ste54931_fm_i-xxii.indd xviii 01/16/19 06:18 PM


Second Pass

Features Third Pass

Each of these features has been designed to take human resource management into the real world—with either a practical
exercise, a visit to a website or publication, a connection to quantitative data, an application of ethical insight, innovation,
or even an awkward situation in the workplace. CHAPTER 1

Strategies, Trends, and Opportunities


WHAT DO I NEED TO KNOW? for Human Resource Management
Assurance of learning: WHAT DO I NEED TO KNOW?

• Learning objectives open each chapter. After reading this chapter, you should be able to:
LO1 Define human resource management and explain how HRM contributes to and

• Learning objectives are referenced in the text where LO2


supports an organization’s strategies and performance.
Summarize competencies, careers, professional accreditation, and ethics in
the relevant discussion begins. human resource management.

• The chapter summary is written around the same LO3


LO4
Explain the role of supervisors and managers in human resource management.
Describe trends in the composition and expectations of the labour force.
learning objectives. LO5 Discuss how technology is impacting human resource management.

• Quizzes and exercises in Connect are tagged to the


learning objectives they cover.
First Pass

76 PART 2 Preparing for and Acquiring Talent

HR Oops!

Neglecting Remote Workers?


Although more people are working remotely, Gal-
lup research identifies three areas where man-
challenges “the concern dragged on for a few
days or more.” Remote workers are also more
HR OOPS!
agers fall short in engaging their fully remote likely to report that “their colleagues don’t fight
workers—not recognizing or praising their good
work as frequently; being less likely to have a
for my priorities, say bad things behind my back,
and make changes to a project without warning Engages conversations about HR missteps. Discussion
conversation about career goals and personal me,” than on-site employees.
growth; and not providing opportunities to
connect with co-workers. And, according to a
questions encourage analysis of the situation. Exam-
Questions
recent survey of 1,153 employees conducted by
VitalSmarts, remote workers say that colleagues 1. What can managers do to build trust and keep ples include “Can Job Ads Perpetuate Gender Bias?,” Carlos Osorio/Toronto Star via Getty Images.

“Neglecting Remote
change, operate Workers,” anddiverse “Red Flags
people on During
leave them out and even mistreat them. For remote workers focused and high-performing? “We’re Shopify. Our mission is to make commerce better for everyone—but we’re not the workplace for
example, 84 percent of remote workers report 2. What can remote workers do to maintain everyone. We thrive on on trust, and leverage the perspectives of
that when they experience routine workplace our team in everything we do. We solve problems at a rapid pace. In short, we get shit done.” In 2004,
Hiring
Shopify Interviews.”
strong connections to their organizations?
consisted of two people working from a coffee shop; today, Shopify has more than 3,000 employees
Source: Michael Ferguson, “Stop Neglecting Remote Workers,” Harvard Business Review, January 17, 2018, https://hbr.org; 1
serving 600,000 merchants around the world and has been rated as Canada’s Best Place to Work.
John Dujay, “Remote workers feeling excluded: Study,” Canadian HR Reporter, 30 (21), December 11, 2017, p. 3, 10; Joseph
Grenny and David Maxfield, “A Study of 1,100 Employees Found That Remote Workers Feel Shunned and Left Out,” Harvard
Business Review, November 2, 2017, https://hbr.org; Annamarie Mann, “3 Ways You Are Failing Your Remote Workers,” Gallup
News, August 1, 2017, http://news.gallup.com, accessed February 1, 2018.

Telework and Remote Work vehicle. Remote work and telework is easiest to implement
Flexibility can extend to work locations as well as work for people in managerial, professional, office, or sales jobs.
schedules. Before the Industrial Revolution, most people A remote arrangement is generally difficult to set up for man-
ufacturing workers and has become a hot topic in tech com- First Pass
worked either close to or inside their own homes. Mass
production technologies changed all this, separating work panies. For example, IBM, once a “remote-work pioneer”
life from home life, as people began to travel to centrally with 40 percent of its 386,000 global employees working
located factories and offices. Escalating prices for office remotely, recently informed 2,600 remote employees that the
space, combined with drastically reduced prices for com- company would be calling them back to state-of-the art office ste54931_ch01_001-031.indd 2 01/03/19 03:31 PM

puters and communication technologies, are forces work- spaces to inspire collaboration, innovation, and team work.27 286 PART 5 Meeting Other HR Goals
ing to reverse this trend. The broad term for doing one’s Leslie Sarauer, senior vice-president of human
work away from a centrally located office is remote work, resources at Waterloo, Ontario–based OpenText, explains
telework, or telecommuting; however, it was been sug- that “when it comes to tech developers and engineering
gested that remote workers work solely from home,whereas teams, it’s helpful to have those teams working together as Did You KNOW?
telecommuters work from home an average of 1–3 days per opposed to remotely.”28
week.24 Wayne Berger, executive vice-president of Regus
Canada, a flexible workplace provider based in Toronto, Designing Ergonomically Empowerment Associated with Positive Employee Experience
describes remote work/telework being at the highest level
ever with 47 percent of Canadians working “outside the
Correct Jobs In a recent survey, “employees who feel their 34 percent). A similar pattern emerged among
ideas and suggestions matter are more than employees who have the freedom to decide how
office for half the week or more.”25 The way people use their bodies when they work—whether
twice as likely to report a positive employee to do their work (79 percent vs. 42 percent).”
For employers, advantages of remote work include lifting heavy furniture into a moving truck or sitting qui-

DID YOU KNOW?


experience than those who don’t (83 percent vs.
reduced need for office space and the ability to offer etly before a computer screen—
greater flexibility to employees. A recent report by Global affects their physical well-being and When employees agree they
ergonomics
Workforce Analytics and FlexJobs estimates that half- may affect how well and how long When employees agree their have the freedom to decide
The study of the
time telecommuting would reduce real estate costs by they can work. The study of the interface between ideas and suggestions matter: how to do their work:

Shares thought-provoking data and stats related to chapter


25 percent; reduce absenteeism costs by 31 percent, and
increase productivity by 15 percent.26
interface between individuals’ phys-
iology and the characteristics of the
individuals’ phys-
iology and the
Remote work/telework can also support a strategy of physical work environment is called
topics. Examples include “Four in Ten Positions are Filled
characteristics of
the physical work
sustainability because these employees do not produce the ergonomics. The goal of ergonom-
greenhouse gas emissions that result from commuting by ics is to minimize physical strain on
environment. 83% 79%
with Insiders,” “Mental Illness in the Employed is Increas- report a more
positive employee
experience
report a more
positive employee

ing in All Age Groups,” and Millennials and Gen X Prefer


experience
vs. 34% when they
vs. 42% when they
do not agree
do not agree

Praise to Corrective Feedback.”


ste54931_ch03_061-082.indd 76 12/17/18 02:42 PM

Sources: “The Employee Experience Index,” IBM Smarter Workforce Institute, September 2016, p. 8, http://www.globoforce
.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/The_Employee_Experience_Index.pdf. Used with permission. Industrial-organizational
psychologists and experts in HR consulting from both the IBM Smarter Workforce Institute and the Globoforce WorkHuman
Analytics and Research Institute undertook a large-scale research project to understand and measure what makes an optimal
working experience for employees. This research resulted in the creation of the Employee Experience Index (EXI) that measures
employees’ personal experiences at work in terms of belonging, purpose, achievement, happiness, and vigor. The IBM and
Globoforce research found that employee experience is positively associated with employee work performance, discretionary
effort, and turnover intention.

for satisfying customers better and operating more effi- be trained to link employees to resources within and out-
ciently and safely. This is empowering when management side the organization, such as customers, and co-workers
listens to the ideas, implements valuable ones, and rewards in other departments, with needed information. Managers
employees for their innovations. must also encourage employees to interact with colleagues
As illustrated in the Did You Know? box, employ- throughout the organization, ensure that employees have
ees are more than twice as likely to report a positive work access to the resources they need, and reward collabora-
experience when they have the “freedom to decide how tion. Employee empowerment shifts the recruiting focus
to do their work” and when “their ideas and suggestions away from technical skills and toward general cognitive
matter.” and interpersonal skills. Employees who have accountabil-
HRM practices such as performance management, ity for a final product or service must be able to listen to
training, work design, and compensation are important customers, adapt to changing needs, and creatively solve a
for ensuring the success of employee empowerment. Jobs variety of problems.
must be designed to give employees the necessary latitude
for making a variety of decisions. Employees must be prop-
erly trained to exert their wider authority and use informa- Teamwork
ste54931_fm_i-xxii.indd xix tion resources and communication tools. Employees also 01/16/19
Modern technology places the information 06:18
that employees PM
need feedback to help evaluate their successes. Pay and need for improving quality and providing customer service
other rewards should reflect employees’ authority and be right at the point of sale or production. As a result, the
Second Pass

xx Features Third Pass

Chapter 1 Strategies, Trends, and Opportunities for Human Resource Management 27

THINKING ETHICALLY Thinking Ethically


Focused on ethics. The “Thinking Ethically” feature at the Using Data Analytics Responsibly
end of each chapter offers intriguing ethical issues that “There are certain things that, mathematically, to answer questions. For example, employee

require making and validating decisions about people.


may sound right but, ethically, [do] not,” says Arun engagement is a priority at GM and every
Chidambaram, global head of talent analytics at 24 months a comprehensive survey is conducted.
Pfizer. In these instances, the talent analytics team Kelly Kuras, GM’s senior manager of engagement,
Examples include “Should Companies Tell Employees defers to legal, HR and other business analysts.
“Sometimes data science takes a back step when
explains how the data is supplemented with
observational insights, conducted by trained HR

They Have ’High-Potential’?,” “Is the Seniority System it comes to sensitive topics such as employment
law and data privacy rights.”
professionals, to look for patterns in the context
of the work environments that would account

Fair?,” and “Mindsets Shift on Boomerang Employees.”


Pfizer is not the only company advocating for for high vs. moderate employee engagement
taking a balanced approach to the use of data and results. Insights gained from these observations
analytics. At General Motors, the Talent Analytics are used along with the data for action planning.
team is integrating human capital analytics into According to Arena, “observations can unmask
Third Pass organizational decision making and HR practices subtleties that statistics miss.” “Second, there is
to drive performance. However, GM is mindful a contract around data collection. Organizations
that success is dependent upon the trust that have to manage employees’ trust that the data
GM employees have about how the data is are accurate and used responsibly. . . . We don’t
being used. With a global workforce of 212,000 take the statistical data as being 100 percent
employees who work in 23 time zones and absolute.”
speak more than 50 languages, integrating data
collection technologies to optimize workplace
operations is accomplished through a balanced Questions
approach.
Chief Talent Officer Michael Arena explains 1. Do you think it is appropriate for organizations
CHAPTER 1 that “at GM, there are no electronic badges, the to monitor employee behaviour with sensors
company does not track email and calendars; and surveillance that monitor how they work
it it does not fit employees with odometers, and collaborate? Would you trust an employer

Strategies, Trends, and Opportunities heart monitors, and calorie counters.” Data that collected this type of information?
collection is “mostly limited to the tried-and- 2. Why is it important to not rely exclusively on
true,” and qualitative approaches are integrated quantitative data when making decisions

for Human Resource Management with survey and existing data to use analytics about people?
Sources: Rachel Ramosa, “Confused by analytics? Take Pfizer’s prescription,” HR Tech News, May 18, 2018, www.
hrtechnologynews.com, accessed June 20, 2018, “25 Truths about Talent Management: Insights from The 2018 Talent
Management Strategies Conference,” The Conference Board, (2017), pp. 1-21; Patti P. Phillips, and Rebecca L. Ray, “Human
Capital Analytics @ Work Volume 2, The Conference Board,. (2017), pp. 1-56.
WHAT DO I NEED TO KNOW?
After reading this chapter, you should be able to:
LO1 Define human resource management and explain how HRM contributes to and gone wrong and invite you to find better alternatives. “HR
supports an organization’s strategies and performance. How Is This Book Organized? How-To” boxes provide details about how to carry out
This chapter has provided an overview of human resource a practice in each HR area. “Did You Know?” boxes are
LO2 Summarize competencies, careers, professional accreditation, and ethics in management as well as a summary of trends and oppor- snapshots of interesting statistics related to chapter topics.
human resource management. tunities impacting employees, managers and supervisors, “Thinking Ethically” at the end of each chapter demonstrates
HR professionals, and organizations. In this book, the top- ethical issues in managing human resources. “Experiencing
LO3 Explain the role of supervisors and managers in human resource management. ics are organized according to the broad areas of human HR” are experiential exercises that encourage exploration
resource management shown in Table 1.7. The numbers in of real-word HR topics and situations in both individual
LO4 Describe trends in the composition and expectations of the labour force.
the table refer to the part and chapter numbers. and group settings. New to this edition are Evidence-based
LO5 Discuss how technology is impacting human resource management. Along with examples highlighting how HRM helps
a company maintain high performance, the chapters offer
Chapter 1 Strategies, Trends, and Opportunities for Human Re
HRM and HRM Social chapter-ending case studies. These
case studies provide stories that illustrate how evidence-
various other features to help you connect the principles to based HRM and social media is integrated in the context of
real-world situations. “HR Oops!” boxes identify situations human resource management.

Although the human resource department has spaces, communal tables


responsibility for these areas, many of the requirements to have conversations w
are performed by supervisors or others inside or outside are available where emp
ste54931_ch01_001-031.indd 27 01/03/19 03:31 PM

CHAPTER-OPENING
the organization. No two human resource departments projects. HR also encour
have precisely the same roles, because of differences in the communities where A
VIGNETTES
organization size and characteristics of the workforce, four hours a month of
Eachthechapter
industry, andwith
opens management’s values.andInpeople
a look at events some in as by participating in la
organizations, the HR department handles all
real organizations to encourage reflection and application the outreach centre or cook
activities listed in Table 1.1. In others, it may share the families.18
to the chapter content.
roles and duties with managers and supervisors of other Let’s take an overvie
Carlos Osorio/Toronto Star via Getty Images. departments such as finance, operations, or information of the options available
technology. In some companies, the HR department resource management i
“We’re Shopify. Our mission is to make commerce better for everyone—but we’re not the workplace for
everyone. We thrive on change, operate on trust, and leverage the diverse perspectives of people on
our team in everything we do. We solve problems at a rapid pace. In short, we get shit done.” In 2004,
Shopify consisted of two people working from a coffee shop; today, Shopify has more than 3,000 employees
serving 600,000 merchants around the world and has been rated as Canada’s Best Place to Work.1
actively advises top management. In others, the which options to use and
department responds to top-level management decisions mentation. Later chapter
and implements staffing, training, and rewards activities greater detail.
in light of company strategy and policies. And, in a
recent trend, some companies are doing away with their
HR departments altogether, preferring to flatten their Analyzing and
organizational structure and to encourage departmental
ste54931_ch01_001-031.indd 2 01/03/19 03:31 PM
To produce their given p
managers and other employees to handle HR issues as
ucts or services), compan
they arise.15
be performed. The tasks
The structure and responsibil-
employee nations to form jobs. I
ities of HR departments are likely experience tasks should be groupe
KEY TERMS to continue to change in the future
to ensure that they remain strate-
Set of perceptions
that employees
that help the organizatio
Key terms and definitions appear in the text, so terms are ate efficiently and to obt
gic. Many companies, including have about their
highlighted where they are discussed for easy review and experiences with the right qualificat
Airbnb, are beginning to recognize
in order to introduce the language of HRM. at work in the jobs well. This functio
that providing a positive employee response to their the activities of job an
experience is critical for keeping interactions with
job design. Job analysis
employees engaged and committed the organization.
cess of getting detailed i
to the company. Employee expe-
about jobs. Job design
rience refers to the “set of perceptions that employees
cess of defining the way
have about their experiences at work in response to their
be performed and the ta
interactions with the organization.”16 This encompasses
given job requires.
all of the elements that influence an employee’s percep-
tion of the work environment and becomes an import-
ant focus for the employee’s entire “journey”—from
the person’s very first contact with a potential employer
Workforce Pla
through retirement and even beyond. Organizational Workforce planning,
culture is a vital part of the employee experience that the numbers and types of
ste54931_fm_i-xxii.indd xx is evidenced through HR functions and how01/16/19 they 06:18
are PM the organization will requ
carried out.17 to meet its objectives, is a
Second Pass

Features Third Pass


xxi

146 PART 3 Talent Management

HR HOW-TO HR How-To

Specific steps and methods to implement HRM initiatives. Using Wearable Technology to Support Training
This feature provides the context for understanding typical As soon as wearable technologies like fitness
trackers and smart watches and eyeglasses
valuable information for improving perfor-
mance. They also might feel like an intrusion
responsibilities of managers and/or human resources pro- became available, businesses envisioned ways
to use them. More recent developments include
into the learner’s privacy. Employers should
prepare for these concerns by ensuring

fessionals. Examples include “The Process of Developing electronic sensing badges, which can track
employees’ interaction patterns in the work-
that employees know what data is being
collected and consent to having their data

a Succession Plan,” Making Analytics Useful and Rele-


place, and sensor-equipped desks that measure analyzed. Policies for how the data will be
employee keystrokes and mouse-clicks, so it’s not used (for example, looking only at patterns
surprising that some employers are experiment- at the departmental level, rather than indi-
vant,” and “HR Services Go Mobile.” ing with ways to use these technologies to help
their employees learn to work more efficiently and
viduals’ actions), how to keep private data
from becoming public, and why use of the
safely. Here are some guidelines for using these data could help employees (say, protecting
technologies in support of training goals: their safety or helping them meet goals by
integrating multiple sources of data to gain
Third Pass • Keep the focus on how to support business
insight about what high-performing employ-
and employee objectives, not on how cool a
ees do differently from their colleagues)—are
new device is. For example, employees on the
also essential.
move might benefit from hands-free, instant
access to an online guide. At Ericsson, work- • Protect the company’s data. A company that
ers’ locations are tracked using an app and equips its employees with easily portable
28 PART 1 The Human Resource Environment technology that gathers data might open itself
this information is used to facilitate connec-
tions to the closest subject-matter expert "on up to the employee recording meetings or
duty" when needed. Similarly, motion sensors saving other information that might be private.
TABLE 1.7 can offer helpful feedback for learning to per- Therefore, employers need measures in place
form a job that involves physical motions. to guard against the information falling into the
Topics Covered in This Book • Monitor technology trends, such as augmented
wrong hands.
reality. With augmented reality delivered by a
Part 1: The Human Resource Environment
device such as smart eyeglasses, information Questions
1. Strategies, Trends, and Opportunities for Human Resource Management is projected in the user’s line of sight. Imagine,
2. The Legal Context for HRM and Creating Safe and Healthy Workplaces for example, that trainees learning to service a 1. Identify two possible risks and two possi-
type of equipment can use augmented-reality ble advantages of collecting and analyz-
Part 2: Preparing for and Acquiring Human Resources
displays labelling the parts of the machine ing employee data collected by wearable
3. Analyzing Work and Designing Jobs they are looking at. technologies.
4. Planning for and Recruiting Human Resources
5. Selecting Employees
• Respect privacy concerns. Wearables that 2. How might data collected by wearable tech-
track an employee’s steps, hand motions, or nologies be used to determine employee
Part 3: Managing Talent even interactions with others might provide learning needs?

6. Training, Learning, and Development Sources: Patty Gaul, “Big Data: Using People Analytics to improve Leadership Development,” TD, March 2018, pp. 29-33;
7. Managing Employees’ Performance Alex Moore, “Learning Meets the Internet of Things,” TD, December 2017, pp. 18-20; Lorri Freifeld, “Wearables at Work,”
Training, September/October 2015, pp. 18–21; Christopher Pappas, “Seven Ways Wearable Technology Could Be Used
Part 4: Compensating and Rewarding Human Resources in Corporate Training,” eLearning Industry, August 25, 2015, http://elearningindustry.com; Kate Everson, “Learning Is All in
the Wrist,” Chief Learning Officer, April 2015, pp. 18–21; Bill Barlow, “Wear It Well,” Training, November 14, 2014, https://
8. Total Rewards trainingmag.com.

Part 5: Meeting Other HR Goals

9. Labour Relations
A learning management system (LMS) refers to a popular for several reasons. An LMS can help companies
10. Managing Human Resources Globally
11. Creating and Sustaining High-Performance Organizations technology platform that can be used to automate the reduce travel and other costs related to training, reduce time
administration, development, and delivery of all of a com- for program completion, increase employees’ accessibility
pany’s training programs. An LMS can provide employees, to training across the business, and provide administrative
managers, and instructors with the ability to manage, capabilities to track program completion and course enrol-
deliver, and track learning activities.46 LMSs have become ments. For example, an organization’s LMS can serve as a

SUMMARY Second Pass

LO1 Define human resource management and explain specialized work in fields such as talent acquisition, total
how HRM contributes to and supports an organization’s rewards, or labour relations—or work as generalists, per-
strategies and performance. forming a full range of HR accountabilities. Provincial/
territorial associations
Chaptermanage
9 Labour the Relations
certification process
251 ste54931_ch06_133-167.indd 146 01/11/19 02:49 PM

Human resource management consists of an organization’s and award professional designations. Work is underway
“people practices”—the policies, practices, and systems throughout Canada to move HR from an unregulated to
year-long consultative
that influence process
employees’ that generated
behaviours, attitudes,almost
and aservice: “A world-class
self-regulated public
profession. Human service representative
resources of
profession-
12,000 responses
performance.
forums with more
organization
tions
HRM to aninfluences
and the
are intended tohuman
The organization’s
online survey
thanexperience
whoandworks
500 participants.
employees
provideresources
a criticalhave
step to
22 discussion
The have
for the
recommenda-
at work.
theachieving
potentialthe
to
Canada’s
als
welcoming,
duties
population,
are required
to theinclusive
with Canada’s
individuals
defined
to uphold highbyethical
its diverse
and supportive
public, profession,
evolving
in the
workforce
standards
workplace,
clients
and
including
that aligns
and employers,
human rights context and that is
workplace.
and CHAPTER SUMMARIES
stated Task Force’s
be a source diversity
of sustainable inclusion vision
competitive for theAs
advantage. public
part committed to innovation and achieving results.”53
of its strategic role, HR can demonstrate the impact of
human resource practices on company results by engaging
LO3 Explain the role of supervisors and managers in
human resource management.
Recap the “What Do I Need to Know?” objectives from the
beginning of each chapter with brief summary discussions.
in evidence-based HRM. Sustainability, organizational
agility, and diversity characterize successful organizations. Supervisors and managers must be familiar with their
The organizational context is increasingly globalized and own important role in managing human resources and
SUMMARY
rapidly changing, requiring relevant and agile approaches
to all HR functions and processes.
implementing HR processes. Supervisors and managers
are likely to analyze work, interview job candidates, par-
ticipate in selection decisions, provide training, set goals,
LO1 Define unions and labour relations and their role LO4 Describe
provide coachingthe union organizing
and feedback, process.
provide performance
LO2
in Summarize competencies, careers, professional
organizations.
accreditation, and ethics in human resource management. feedback,
Organizingand recommend
begins when payunionincreases. On a day-to-day
representatives contact
A union is an organization formed for the purpose of repre- basis, supervisors
employees andthem
and invite managers
to signrepresent the company
a membership appli-
Human resources
senting its membersprofessionals require with
in resolving conflicts substantial and
employers. to
cation. When the required numbers of employeesrole
their employees, so they also play an important in
have
varied relations
Labour competencies. Careers in specialty
is the management HRM may involve
emphasizing employee and labourapplications,
signed membership relations. the union will apply to
skills that managers and union leaders can use to minimize the appropriate labour relations board for certification.
costly forms of conflict and to seek win–win solutions to Requirements for certification differ among federal, prov- Second Pass
disagreements. incial, and territorial jurisdictions.

LO2 Identify the labour relations goals of manage- LO5 Explain how management and unions negotiate
ment, unions, and society. and administer collective agreements.
ste54931_ch01_001-031.indd 28 01/03/19 03:31 PM
Management have goals to increase the organization’s Negotiations take place between representatives of the 226 PART 4 Compensating and Rewarding Human Resources
profits and/or productivity. Managers generally expect that union and the management bargaining unit. The process
unions will make these goals harder to achieve. Unions begins with preparation, including research into the other
have the goal of obtaining pay and working conditions
that satisfy their members. Society’s values have included
side’s strengths and demands. If bargaining breaks down,
the impasse may be broken with a strike, lockout, media-
EXPERIENCING HR—HOW TO ASSESS ROI OF A
EXPERIENCING HR
the view that the existence of unions will replace conflict
or violence between workers and employers with fruitful
negotiation.
tion, conciliation, or arbitration.
Collective agreement administration is a daily activity
under the collective agreement. It includes carrying out
WELLNESS PROGRAM
Form groups of four or five. (Alternatively, your instructor
may ask students to complete the research independently
publications (e.g., Benefits Canada) and credible websites
(e.g., the website for the Canadian Centre for Occupa-
the terms of the agreement and resolving conflicts over
LO3 Summarize laws and regulations that affect
These experiential exercises encourage students to explore
and discuss their findings in class.) You have been asked tional Health and Safety. Discuss your findings about how
interpretation or violation of the agreement.
labour relations. by your manager to be part of a workplace task force that to determine the ROI of a corporate wellness program.
LO6 Describe more cooperative and collaborative will examine how to assess the return on investment (ROI) Write a one-page report or make a brief class presentation
real-world
agement, unions,HR topics
achieve theirindividually or in teams.
Laws and regulations affect the degree to which man-
approaches to labour–management relations. of a corporate wellness program. summarizing your findings.
and society varied goals.
Conduct research using recent academic (e.g.,
Canada’s overall labour relations legal framework is decen- In contrast to the traditional view that labour and man- ACSM’s Health & Fitness Journal) and HR practitioner
tralized with responsibility for labour relations shared agement are adversaries, some organizations and unions
among the federal, provincial, and territorial governments. work more cooperatively and collaboratively. This rela-
A common core of labour legislation exists that includes tionship may feature employee involvement in decision
prohibiting unfair labour practices by management and making, self-managing employee teams, joint labour– CASE STUDY: EVIDENCE-BASED HRM
labour. Labour relations boards or similar quasi-judicial management committees, broadly defined jobs, and
tribunals exist within each jurisdiction to administer and sharing of financial gains and business information with
Improving the Quality and Reducing the Cost of Employee Health Benefits
enforce labour laws. employees. The new Health Transformation Alliance, a collabo- for caution as most pain medication is legally prescribed
ration of 38 companies employing 6 million workers and control of pain is critical. At the same time, use of

CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS


CRITICAL THINKING
(including American Express and Johnson & Johnson)
will use data and technology to improve the quality and
reduce the cost of health benefits for its employees. The
such medication raises safety issues on the job and also
can imperil employees’ long-term health. According to
one estimate, annual medical expenses for opioid abus-

1. Why do employees join unions? Have you ever


belonged to a union? If you did, do you think union
membership benefited you? If you did not, do you
2. Why do managers at most companies prefer that
unions not represent their employees? Can unions
provide benefits to an employer? Explain.
QUESTIONS
Alliance hopes to save as much as $600 million on drug
spending, representing a reduction of approximately
15 percent. Part of the savings comes from the Alli-
ers are about twice as high as the employer cost for other
employees. Cummins relies on programs that use drug-
test data and works with a pharmacy-benefits manager to
ance’s bargaining power. However, another part of the track data on opioid prescriptions and attempts to detect
think a union would have benefited you? Why or
why not?
3. Can highly effective human resource management
practices make unions unnecessary? Explain. Serve to open conversations and dialogue about chapter
plan is to change how care is delivered for conditions
like diabetes, hip and knee replacements, and lower
pill shopping. The company recently opened a new facility
at its headquarters that provides services such as massage,
back pain. acupuncture, physical therapy, and a full-time pharmacist,
concepts.
IBM’s Watson software will be used to “help” select
drugs that provide the best value for the money and to
all in the interest of finding better and safer ways to con-
trol pain. Cummins has also trained supervisors on how
predict which employees are most likely to develop con- to identify employees who may be having problems with
ditions such as diabetes so as to take preventive action painkillers and has trained plant managers on how to tri-
sooner. To perform these analyses, the goal is to use four age employees having an overdose.
ste54931_ch09_229-253.indd 251 01/09/19 06:39 PM years of data on pharmacy and insurance claims and elec-
tronic employee health records from each company. Questions
Other companies are taking similar steps, sometimes
focusing on particular issues that are most critical to them. 1. As an employee, what would your reaction be to
For example, engine maker Cummins, Inc. is devoting these initiatives? Explain.
considerable attention to the misuse of prescription opi- 2. Do you have ideas for other ways to use data to
oid painkillers and is working to find alternative pain improve the cost effectiveness and quality of
control methods for employees. Cummins notes the need health-related employee benefits?
Sources: J. Walker, “Alliance of Companies Unveil First Steps Aimed at Cutting Health-Care Costs,” Wall Street Journal, March 7, 2017;
R. E. Silverman, “One Employer Fights against Prescription-Drug Abuse,” Wall Street Journal, November 15, 2016.

CASE STUDY: HRM SOCIAL


Bell Gets Social to Get Healthy
One of the big challenges with a wellness program is improve the health issues identified in the assessment. An
motivation—especially motivating the employees who important consideration is that wellness programs work
ste54931_fm_i-xxii.indd xxi would benefit the most. Typically, many employees never best when they are part of an integrated01/16/19 06:18
strategy that com- PM
complete the health assessment used for entering these pro- bines realistic goals with incentives, clear communication,
grams and then even fewer sign up for activities that would and a supportive culture.
Why or why not? one possible hazard and at least one action employees

Second Pass
6. Have you ever experienced harassment at work or could take to minimize the risk of any injury or illness
been injured on the job? related to that hazard.
7. What are jobs that you consider particularly hazard- a. Server in a restaurant
ous? What types of hazards and hazardous activities b. House painter
might workers experience in these jobs? What is your
c. Data scientist
advice to reduce or eliminate the hazards and hazard-
ous activities identified? d. Worker in a personal care home for seniors

EXPERIENCING HR—IDENTIFYING WORKPLACE


HAZARDS
Second Pass Form groups of three or four students. In your group, iden- appropriate manager). Carefully document any workplace
xxii Features tify an office location that you can visit to identify any
potential workplace hazards that may be present. If you
hazards and/or any unsafe behaviours you observed.
With your entire class, share your findings. What
have been given time for research, review the chapter for types of hazards (if any) did your team identify? Did you
ideas of where to gather information about the type of observe any unsafe employee behaviours? What is your
194 PART 3 Talent Management workplace injuries that are most prevalent in office set- advice to remove potential hazards (if any) in the office
tings. Visit the office location you identified (ensuring you you visited? What is your advice to reduce/eliminate any
have received the necessary advance approval from the unsafe behaviours you observed?95

CASES (NEW)
freedom to decide how often and in what ways they want
to set goals and provide feedback. The discussion is future
focused. That is, both the employee and the manager con-
performance discussions. The boss asks employees if discus-
sions are occurring and if they have a development plan.
There are several indications that Check-In is effective.
sider what to change to increase the likelihood that per- HR includes questions about performance management CASE STUDY: EVIDENCE-BASED HRM
Evidence-based HRM and HRM Social Case Studies have
formance will be effective. Employees are evaluated on in its annual employee survey. Survey results show that
Sodexo Examines the Impact of Gender-balanced Leadership on Performance
the basis of how they have performed against their goals 80 percent of employees responded that they had regular
rather than how they compare to other employees. More performance meetings with their managers and felt sup- Rohini Anand, global chief diversity officer at Sodexo, a Anand’s study also determined that globally,
been introduced in each chapter to apply the concepts by
frequent performance feedback is especially important
to Millennial employees, who are used to real-time com-
ported by them. Since Check-In was introduced, voluntary
turnover has decreased by 25 percent. Also, it is estimated
global food services and facilities management company,
collected, analyzed, and shared data showing the value of
56 percent of Sodexo’s employees currently work in a
team with gender-balanced leadership. In Canada, Sodexo

looking at organizations and how their practices illustrate


munications through texting and postings.
Managers no longer have to complete lengthy perform-
that Check-In saves Adobe managers 80,000 hours each
year that were previously spent completing employee per-
gender diversity. She conducted a study of the company’s
50,000 managers in 80 countries from executive to site
reports that 87 percent of its management teams are
gender-balanced.
ance evaluation forms and submit them to HR. HR’s role formance evaluation forms. management levels to quantify the impact of gender bal- One of the action items moving forward, is the cre-
chapter content. The Cases provide external examples to
is to provide managers with consulting and tools to help
Questions
with performance discussions rather than policing to see if
ance in management.
Anand’s findings revealed that gender balance in man-
ation of gender-balance targets for leaders. For example,
Sodexo’s global CEO, Michel Landel, has set a goal that

bring into the classroom, along1. What


with questions
reviews are completed or discussions have occurred. Both
steps should forthatassign-
managers take to ensure
managers and employees can access a resource centre that
performance discussions are effective?
agement significantly related to improved financial perfor-
mance, employee engagement, and client retention. She
by 2025 at least 40 percent of Sodexo’s 1,400 global senior
leaders will be women (a total of 560 women leaders). To

ment or discussion.
provides materials about coaching, giving feedback, and found that teams with a management male–female ratio of ensure that goal is reached, 10 percent of senior leaders’
2. What are the benefits and potential disadvantages
personal and professional development. For example, man- between 40 and 60 percent delivered the consistently best bonuses are based on their yearly progress toward that
of more frequent performance discussions between
agers might use the resource centre to help them with tough results on both financial and non-financial performance goal. Third Pass
performance conversations such as those involving giving managers and employees? indicators. Specific results of Sodexo’s internal study Sodexo Canada recently announced the appointment
employees difficult feedback. HR relies on what is known as 3. Which purpose of performance management will be found that gender-balanced management entities had: of its first female President—Suzanne Bergeron. Bergeron
a skip-level process to ensure that performance discussions more difficult to achieve for companies like Adobe • better employee engagement: +4 points had been the vice-president of human resources and is
are occurring throughout the year. This means that the man- that decide to eliminate ranking or rating employee based in Montreal. Sodexo Canada has more than 10,000
• higher gross profits: +23 percent employees and has been recognized for five consecutive
ager’s own boss holds the manager accountable for having performance?
• stronger brand image: Chapter
+5 points
2 The Legal Context for HRM and
years asCreating Safe andBest
one of Canada’s Healthy Employers. 59
Workplaces
Diversity
Sources: Based on R. Feintzeig, “The Trouble with Grading Employees,” Wall Street Journal, April 22, 2015, pp. B1, B7; D. Meinert,
“Reinventing Reviews,” HR Magazine, April 2015, pp. 36–40; J. Ramirez, “Rethinking the Review,” Human Resource Executive, July/August
2013, pp. 16–19.
Questions 2. Why do you think Sodexo teams with gender-
balanced leadership have achieve higher levels of
1. What is your reaction to Sodexo’s goal that by 2025 performance than teams that do not have gender-
at least 40 of senior global leaders will be women? balanced leadership?
CASE STUDY: HRM SOCIAL What could go wrong? What must go right?
ste54931_ch02_032-060.indd 58 01/03/19 03:32 PM

Apps Make Giving and Receiving Feedback Quick and Easy Sources: Based on J. Simons, “Workplace Diversity Efforts Get a Reboot,” Wall Street Journal, February 15, 2017, p. B5; Sodexo Canada
website, “Sodexo Canada announces the appointment of Suzanne Bergeron as new Country President,” May 28, 2018, www.sodexo.com,
IBM’s Checkpoint performance management app allows Many workers used the app in a dysfunctional way. They accessed July 10, 2018; “Sodexo named Top Diversity Employer Five Years Running,” CNW Newswire, March 2, 2018, www.newswire.
employees to set short-term performance goals and man- described making agreements with colleagues to com- ca, accessed July 10, 2018; “Case Study: Sodexo Analyzes the Impact of Gender Balance on Performance,” Gender Balance Business
News, https://ca.sodexo.com/files/live/sites/sdxcom-global/files/020_Global_Content_Master/Building_Blocks/GLOBAL/Multimedia/PDF/
agers to provide feedback on their progress. Employees ment negatively on the same co-worker or to heap high
Diversity_and_Inclusion/SODEXO_GBBN2015_GB_WEB.pdf, accessed July 10, 2018.
and managers at Mozilla can use an app to send each other praise on each other. Some employees felt sabotaged by
colourful “badges” to recognize good performance. The the negative comments from unidentified colleagues.
badges include slogans such as “you rock” or “kicking In some cases, the negative comments were copied dir-
butt.” Also, employees can receive feedback and coaching ectly into employees’ performance reviews (known as CASE STUDY: HRM SOCIAL
from peers and managers by posting short questions about “the full paste.”). Using Social Media in Hiring Poses Discrimination Risk
their performance, such as “What did you think about my
At many organizations, the people who make hiring To avoid discriminatory behaviour, it is important
speech?” Questions decisions conduct an online search of social media to learn for employers to get expert advice to ensure compliance
The availability of apps used to ask for and give
1. Does the use of apps for feedback help or hinder per- more about candidates. According to a 2017 CareerBuilder with human rights and privacy requirements. For exam-
feedback may not always be positive. Amazon’s Anytime
formance management? Explain. poll of 2,380 HR and hiring private-sector managers, ple, employers must be sure the information they gather is
Feedback Tool can be used secretly by office workers
2. Can a performance management app replace the need approximately 70 percent of employers said they used social related to job qualifications. Some suggest that employers
to praise or critique their colleagues. The peer evalua-
for a regularly scheduled performance evaluation? media for hiring—a significant increase from 60 percent in consider using a third-party company to conduct back-
tions can be submitted to members of the management
Why or why not? 2016 and 11 percent a decade ago. The objective is to gain ground checks on social media. That agency would report
team at any time, using the company’s internal directory.
greater insight into people’s character and spot red flags that only the job-related information obtained from the back-
Sources: Based on H. Clancy, “How Am I Doing?” Fortune, March 1, 2017, p. 34; D. MacMillan, “Uber to Monitor Actions by Drivers in a person might behave unprofessionally. However, some ground check and omit protected information, such as an
Safety Push,” Wall Street Journal, June 30, 2016; M. Weinstein, “Annual Review under Review,” Training, July/August 2016, pp. 22–29; recent research suggests that screening candidates with employee’s religion, health, and pregnancy status. One
C. Zillman, “IBM Is Blowing Up Its Annual Performance Review,” Fortune, February 1, 2016; B. Hassell, “IBM’s New Checkpoint Reflects social media contributes to discriminatory hiring decisions. recent survey found that 95 percent of social media screen-
Employee Preferences,” Workforce, April 2016, p. 12; J. Kantor and D. Streitfeld, “Inside Amazon: Wrestling Big Ideas in a Bruising
In one study, researchers created fictional résumés and ing is conducted internally and 5 percent is outsourced to
Workplace,” New York Times, August 16, 2015, p. A1; E. Goldberg, “Performance Management Gets Social,” HR Magazine, August 2014,
pp. 35–38. social-media profiles and sent the résumés to businesses that an external vendor.
had advertised job openings. All the résumés listed the same
qualifications under different names, but the social media Questions
hinted that applicants were either Christian or Muslim or
that they were either gay or straight. The companies were 1. Explain how the findings of the research study pro-
more likely to call the applicants with the Christian-sounding vide an example of differential treatment.
profiles than the applicants who seemed to be Muslim. 2. For the employee characteristics protected by human
Broken down geographically, the difference was statistically rights legislation, which could you avoid revealing
ste54931_ch07_168-194.indd 194 01/09/19 06:36 PM
significant. The researchers did not find a difference in on a social media site? Which would be difficult or
response rates related to sexual orientation in this study. impossible to avoid disclosing?
Sources: Debbie Lamb, “Social Media Screening Continues Its Upward Trends,” Sterling Talent Solutions, October 5, 2017, www.
sterlingtalentsolutions.com, accessed July 10, 2018; “Is trawling social media the future of background checks?,” HRD, July 6, 2017, www.
hrmonline.ca, accessed July 10, 2018; Michael Bologna, “Social Media Strategies in Recruiting, Hiring Pose Legal Risks for Employers,”
Bloomberg BNA, April 21, 2014, http://www.bna.com; Jennifer Valentino-DeVries, “Bosses May Use Social Media to Discriminate against
Job Seekers,” Wall Street Journal, November 20, 2013, http://online.wsj.com.

ste54931_ch02_032-060.indd 59 01/03/19 03:32 PM

ste54931_fm_i-xxii.indd xxii 01/16/19 06:18 PM


Fourth Pass

PART 1

The Human
Resource Environment
CHAPTER 1
Strategies, Trends, and Opportunities for
Human Resource Management

CHAPTER 2
The Legal Context for HRM and Creating
Safe and Healthy Workplaces

Blend Images/Getty Images

ste54931_ch01_001-031.indd 1 01/22/19 06:04 PM


Fourth Pass

CHAPTER 1

Strategies, Trends, and Opportunities


for Human Resource Management
WHAT DO I NEED TO KNOW?
After reading this chapter, you should be able to:
LO1 Define human resource management and explain how HRM contributes to and
supports an organization’s strategies and performance.

LO2 Summarize competencies, careers, professional accreditation, and ethics in


human resource management.

LO3 Explain the role of supervisors and managers in human resource management.
LO4 Describe trends in the composition and expectations of the labour force.

LO5 Discuss how technology is impacting human resource management.

Carlos Osorio/Toronto Star via Getty Images.


“We’re Shopify. Our mission is to make commerce better for everyone—but we’re not the workplace for
everyone. We thrive on change, operate on trust, and leverage the diverse perspectives of people on
our team in everything we do. We solve problems at a rapid pace. In short, we get shit done.” In 2004,
Shopify consisted of two people working from a coffee shop; today, Shopify has more than 3,000 employees
serving 600,000 merchants around the world and has been rated as Canada’s Best Place to Work.1

ste54931_ch01_001-031.indd 2 01/22/19 06:04 PM


Fourth Pass

Chapter 1 Strategies, Trends, and Opportunities for Human Resource Management 3

either charged or discharged, based on things like whether


Earning a Reputation you deliver on what you promise.” “We trust our people
as a Great Employer and we give them the space to make their own decisions,
champion their own work, and challenge the status quo.
What do Shopify, Simon Fraser University, Aboriginal
We’re building an environment where employees can do
Peoples Television Network Inc. (APTN), PCL Construc-
their life’s work,” Lambert adds.3
tion, Government of Yukon, Labatt Breweries of Canada,
and Google have in common? They have all been recently
recognized as excellent employers with progressive human
resource management practices.2 LO1 Introduction
The list of employment awards is growing, raising the Organizations of all sizes and in all industries are
bar on what it takes to attract, retain, and engage top tal- increasingly recognizing the importance of people. “This
ent. As labour markets become increasingly competitive, is a time of rapid change in the market—a time when
human resources professionals are being called upon to Canadian organizations are constantly trying to keep pace
provide people management practices that not only sup- and remain competitive. In today’s knowledge-based
port the organization’s priorities but also provide for com- economy, we rely on people to generate, develop, and
petitive success in a global marketplace. Organizations implement ideas”4 and the “human resource function has
strive to create an employment brand that attracts top tal- an important role in ensuring that organizations have the
ent and earns a reputation as a great place to work. people capacity to execute strategic objectives.”5
Headquartered in Ottawa, e-commerce software Human resource management
human resource
solutions and web builder Shopify has been rated as (HRM) centres on the practices, pol­­
management
the best place to work in Canada by Glassdoor and was icies, and systems that influence (HRM) The prac-
recently ranked third of global tech employers by Hired. employees’ behaviours, attitudes, tices, policies,
com—just behind SpaceX and Google, but ahead of Tesla, and performance. Many companies and systems that
Netflix, and Facebook. Setting Shopify apart, according to refer to HRM as “people practices.” influence employ-
ees’ behaviours,
Hired.com, were company culture, opportunities to learn Figure 1.1 emphasizes there are sev-
attitudes, and
new skills, and compensation and benefits. Anna Lambert, eral important HRM practices that performance.
Shopify’s director of talent acquisition, describes Shopify’s should support the organization’s
focus on culture: “We’re purposeful and intentional in business strategy: analyzing work
everything we do, from the physical spaces we design, and designing jobs, determining how many employees with
to our focus on continuous learning and development, specific knowledge and skills are needed (workforce plan-
to our ‘default to open’ approach to information sharing. ning), attracting potential employees (recruiting), choosing
The ‘trust battery’ is central to our culture.” Trust battery is employees (selection), preparing employees to perform their
a metaphor critical to understanding the high-performance jobs now and for the future (training, learning, and develop-
culture and employee experience at Shopify. CEO Tobi ment), supporting performance (performance management),
Lütke explains, “It’s charged at 50 percent when people are compensating and rewarding employees (total rewards), and
first hired. And then every time you work with someone at creating a positive work environment (employee and labour
the company, the trust battery between the two of you is relations). An organization performs best when all of these

FIGURE 1.1

Human Resource Management Practices


Strategic HRM
Training, learning, and

Employee and labour


Workforce planning
design of work

Total rewards
management
Performance
development
Analysis and

Recruiting

Selection

relations

Company
Performance

ste54931_ch01_001-031.indd 3 01/22/19 06:04 PM


Another Random Scribd Document
with Unrelated Content
prahlend, »da Ihr einen Kerl unter Euch gehabt, der eine Gans
gestohlen hat.«
Und der wäre?
»Ein gewisser O. aus X., ich will es ihm beweisen, daß er eine
Gans gestohlen hat.«
O. gehörte nicht zu meinen nähern Bekannten, ich konnte es ihm
füglich selbst überlassen, diesen ihm angethanen Schimpf von sich
abzuwaschen. Allein die levis notae macula, welche A. der
Heidelberger Burschenschaft angethan, konnte ich nicht sitzen
lassen. Ich foderte ihn daher auf, zu erklären, daß wenn sich die
Wahrheit seiner Behauptung auch herausstelle, die Existenz eines
räudigen Schafes in unserer Heerde unmöglich unserer
Burschenschaft präjudiciren könne. Allein darauf wollte sich A. nicht
einlassen. »Ich bleibe bei dem was ich gesagt habe,« wiederholte er,
»und wenn Du dadurch die Heidelberger Burschenschaft touchirt
glaubst, so kannst Du es nehmen wie Du willst.« —
»Du bist g e f o r d e r t,« war meine nothgedrungene Antwort.
Trotz meiner nicht eben angenehmen Situation, mußte ich in dem
Augenblick laut lachen, was meinen mit seiner Suite scheidenden
Gegner zu erbittern schien. Mir kam nemlich das Einlagerrecht, in
den Sinn, ein im Westphälischen Frieden in Deutschland
aufgehobenes und nur für die Holsteinischen Lande reservirtes
Institut, auch O b s t a g i u m genannt. Man verstand darunter die
Verpflichtung, wornach der Schuldner versprach, wenn er seine
Zusage nicht erfüllen würde, auf erfolgte Einmahnung, sich mit
einem bestimmten Gefolge an einem gewissen Orte einzufinden und
denselben bei Strafe der Ehrlosigkeit nicht eher zu verlassen, als bis
er alles Versprochene geleistet haben würde. Auch die Herzöge von
Holstein konnten sich auf das Einlager verpflichten, wenn sie aber
ihre Verbindlichkeit nicht pünctlich erfüllten, so durften sie sich
remplaciren lassen und mußten alsdann Drei Räthe für sie in eine
Herberge einreiten, wo immer das E i n l a g e r (das auch deshalb das
E i n r e i t e n heißt,) gehalten wurde. Einer dieser Herrn Räthe schien
ich mir in dem Augenblick zu sein.
Noch an demselben Tage erwählte ich meinen Sekundanten. Da
ich aber nur den Hieber, mein Gegner den Stoßdegen zu führen
gewohnt war, so wurde ein Pistolenduell unter ziemlich gefährlichen
Auspicien beschlossen.
Die Jenaischen Burschenschaftler fühlten sich tief über diese
Verletzung der Gastlichkeit an einem Deputirten gekränkt, um so
mehr jubelten aber ihre Feinde im Stillen, begeistert durch die
Ermunterungen ihres despotischen Generals.
Eine Stunde vor dem Zweikampf ging ich über den Markt,
woselbst mein Gegner sich im eifrigsten Gespräche mit seinem
Gelichter befand, das auf mich, als auf einen Passagier nach Elisum
zeigte. Aber siehe, plötzlich traf mich der Blick des dermal
anwesenden Generals.
»Ist das Dein Gegner?« fragte er den bejahenden Nachbar.
»Nun« sagte er, »denn wird aus Eurem Kampfe nichts. Diesse Kehrl
hät bi de erste Pröv von twintig Sorten Beer dat schwarte Köstritzer
för dat beste erklärt.« (Dieser Kerl hat bei der ersten Probe von
zwanzig Sorten Bier das schwarze Köstritzer für das Beste erklärt.)
Der General hatte nie so gesprochen, mein erstaunter Gegner
aber gehorchte mit jesuitischem Gehorsam. Er gab mir eine
genügende Erklärung und der General trank mit uns eine Flasche
Köstritzer Bier zur Versöhnung.
Die Jenaer Philister waren mir von Thibaut ganz anders
geschildert, als ich sie fand. Dieser, welcher dort Professor gewesen,
nannte sie die demüthigsten Menschen, welche ihm je vorgekommen
seien. Er behauptete sogar, daß sie sich in der Anrede der
Brieftitulaturen bedienten, und die lernenden und lehrenden
Mitglieder der Academie mit »Ew Wohlgeboren, Ew
Hochwohlgeboren und Ew Hoch und Wohlgeboren« anredeten. Mir
kamen sie keineswegs so demüthig vor, vielmehr wie enthusiastisch
liebende Jungfrauen, welche alle Thorheiten ihres Liebhabers (hier
der Studenten) vergöttern, oder besser gesagt, wie reine Sancho
Pansa’s, welche sich ganz nach ihren Don Quichotischen Herren
gemodelt haben. — Als ich den alten Kneipier Senfft, in dessen
Hause die Burschenverhandlungen gehalten wurden, zum ersten
Male mit zwei anderen Deputirten sah, bat uns dieser um die
Erlaubniß Eine Frage an uns richten zu dürfen. Da ihm dies gewährt
worden, erkundigte er sich, was für Landsleute wir seien. Als darauf
die Antworten »ein Sachse, ein Kurhesse, ein Holsteiner«, ertheilt
worden waren, versetzte er gravitätisch: »Falsch geantwortet meine
Herren! Sie sind alle D e u t s c h e und das sollen Sie hier erst recht
kennen lernen.«
Der Jenaer Burgkeller bot insbesondere zur Zeit des Mittags- und
des Abendessens einen besondern Anblick. — Wenn man in die
Thüre des Saales trat, der von einem großen Pfeiler in der Mitte
getragen wurde, sah man rechts an einem Tische einige
Privatdocenten, welche unter sich das kümmerlichste Mahl
verzehrten was einem geboten werden kann. Unter ihnen befand
sich der Sohn Wielands. Dasselbe Diner wurde dem Bruder Studio
vorgesetzt, welcher die Mitte und den Hintergrund des Saales
einnahm, während die linke Seite von Bier und Branntwein
zechenden Philistern, größtentheils von Frachtfuhrleuten, besetzt
war, welche ungehindert ihren Kneller pafften, der sich mit den
magern Speisedämpfen zu einem, den Göttern gewiß nicht gefälligen
Rauchopfer vereinigte. —
Man speiste von zinnernem Geschirr, die Suppen erinnerten nicht,
wie in Norddeutschland, an einen Pfauenschwanz, höchstens an
einen Cyclopen, denn es war in derselben selten ein Fettauge zu
bemerken. Die meisten Teller boten auf der Kehrseite ein Studium
für Alterthumsforscher. Condordia res parvae erescunt — Gloria
virtutis comes. — Vivat circulus fratrum Rhenanorum, Elise ist ein
Engel, gekreuzte Schläger, Todtenköpfe. »Falsch ist Jena« »Vivat
Jena!« »1763, 1785, 1800,« und manche mehr oder wenig
verwischte Inscriptionen, waren es die den archäologischen Hunger
viel mehr als den physischen befriedigten. Der räthselkundigste
Hosteiner hätte als Oedip auf dem Rathskeller ohne Zuflüsterung
nicht gerathen, daß das graue Zeug, welches man in Rüben verhüllt
ihm auftischte, R i n d f l e i s c h sein sollte.
Nach Tisch zog eine große Menge der Burschenschaftler
gewöhnlich nach Ziegenhain. — Der Wirth war sehr tolerant und
verzapfte sein, nach meiner Meinung mit betäubenden Kräutern
geschwängertes Bier fast Alles auf Credit, jedoch mußte man den
ersten Krug mit einem Groschen baar bezahlen. Dieser Punct war ein
präjudizieller. Daher riefen die oft alles baaren Geldes entblößten
Musensöhne, bevor man von dem Markt zog: »Wer hat einen Spieß,
daß ich mitgehen kann?« Und fast immer fand sich ein Freund in der
Noth. —- Sobald aber alle gehörig mit einem Spieß bewaffnet waren,
ging es im lauten Gesange auf das Dorf. Die Landsmannschaftler
zogen nach Lichtenhain, wo eine Cerevisia, freilich sehr im
Anderssein der meinigen haus’te und dermalen ein Bierkönig
»T h u s d e r a c h t e« regierte. Ich bin nie dort gewesen. Abends
zog der Schwarm brüllend heim, am andern Morgen aber erinnerten
die blassen Gesichter der Bierhelden, welche nicht so frisch wie die
Walhallahelden aufgestanden waren, an die Theriakisten,
(Opiumesser) der Türken.
Die Jenaer Burschenschaft, so arm sie auch war, bewirthete die
Deputirten auf eine höchst gastliche Weise. Jeder theilte sein Logis
mit den Burschen, welche sich zum Congreß eingefunden hatten, es
wurde nicht allein den Deputirten während ihren ganzen
Aufenthaltes freie Kost gereicht sondern demselben an den
Sessionstagen sogar eine Flasche Würzburger vorgesetzt, eine so
rührende Gastlichkeit, daß sie selbst die Säure des Weines
überwand. Ja man ging soweit innerhalb des Umkreises von einer
Meile jeden Deputiten zu signalisiren und jedem Wirth bei Strafe des
Verrufs zu verbieten, von einem Deputirten Zahlung zu nehmen. —
Mir fiel oft das Sprichwort dort ein — »Ein Engel löffelt mit dem
Andern.«
Unter den Deputirten waren Leute, die jetzt einen
ausgezeichneten Namen und bedeutende Stellungen sich erworben
haben. Obgleich ich es für ganz unpräjudicirlich für sie halte,
dieselben namentlich aufzuführen, da, wie ich bereits erwähnt habe,
die Acten ergeben, daß jene Versammlung nur das Gas entwickelte,
welches alle Fürsten Deutschlands von Napoleonischem Drucke
befreit, daß die Idee eines Deutschen Bundes in das Leben gerufen
hat, und daß die Fürsten um Gotteswillen zu conserviren haben, so
scheue ich doch jeden Vorwurf einer Indiscretion, und will mich
daher begnügen hier nur zweier zu erwähnen, die jetzt schon in
zweiter und letzter Instanz gerichtet sein werden. Es sind dies
L o r e s e n und S a n d. Der Dänische Canzleirath Loresen war damals
von Kiel deputirt. Ein blonder, breitschulteriger Insulaner imponirte
er mehr durch seinen Körper, seine Gutmüthigkeit als durch seinen
Geist. Man kam in Versuch diesen kräftiger zu halten als er war und
es ist mir ohne allen Zweifel, daß alle seine nachherigen Schritte,
von denen ich übrigens keinesweges unterrichtet bin, von ihm nur
auf fremde Einflüsterungen gethan sind. — Überhaupt ist es nicht zu
leugnen, daß die Deutschthümlei in jener Zeit sowohl im guten wie
im bösen Sinne über die Maaßen einseitig und oft nur zu
Werkzeugen Anderer machte. Gewiß paßte auf Viele damals der
bekannte Satz:

»Du glaubst zu schieben und Du wirst geschoben.«

Ein ähnlicher Character war der S a n d s. Die Ermordung


Kotzebues war lächerlich und deutet hinlänglich auf die partiale
Schwachköpfigkeit des unglücklichen Mörders. Und dennoch war viel
Edles und Großes in ihm verborgen. Nicht ohne Rührung sind
folgende Worte zu lesen, die er mir in das Stammbuch schrieb, als
ich voll heiterer fast französischer Laune ihm das Epigramm beim
Abschiede geweiht hatte:

Lieber Freund, wer Dir vertraut,


Der hat auf keinen S a n d gebaut.

Sand, dem alle Scherze fatal waren, und den ich wenigstens nie
lächeln sah, antwortete darauf diese ernste Worte:
»Die Kraft, jegliche die Du hast, ist dem Vaterlande, damit du
ihm selbst heimbezahlen die unerlösliche Schuld für Sprache, Sitte
und Erziehung für den Boden, worauf Du groß geworden bist und
auf welchem Du Deine Thaten üben willst, für Alles was Du von ihm
hast. Dieses wollen wir wohl bedenken, — aber wollen wir dann
noch Wohlgefallen haben an der bisherigen Kleinheit, oder suchen
wir wieder die Größe und Erhabenheit der alten Zeit? Soll uns
endlich das ganze deutsche Land zum Tummelplatze werden, und
wollen wir uns eines Volkes erfreuen, daß nach altem Brauche den
mächtigen Schiedsrichter in Europa zu machen, berufen ist?«
Wir haben Ja gesagt und wollen dem nachleben. —
Jena, am Burschentage vom 29. März
bis 14. April 1818.
Dein deutscher Bruder C a r l S a n d,
G. G. B. aus dem Fichtelgebirge.
Merkwürdig war es, daß, als ich Sand Lebewohl sagen wollte, ich
denselben auf seinem Sopha liegend fand. Er schien eine
Anwandlung von Pleuresie zu haben, denn er griff mit der Hand
krampfhaft in die Seite und rief mir zu: »Lebewohl! ich sterbe an
diesem Stich in der Brust.« —
Als ich in Weimar den Postwagen bestieg um über Göttingen den
Rückweg nach Heidelberg zu machen, war mein Mitpassagier der
Sohn Kotzebue’s, den allerhand Spöttereien welche man aus Rache
seinem Vater, ich glaube bei einer maskirten Schlittenfahrt, angethan
hatte, von Jena vertrieben hatten und der Deutschland verließ, um
seine Studien in Dorpat zu beendigen. Er war ein liebenswürdiger
Mensch und ist eine der angenehmsten Bekanntschaften meines
Lebens.
Während ich diese Memoiren schreibe und nach einem von mir
entworfenen Schema die einzelnen Begebenheiten zu einer Schnur
zusammen reihe, komme ich mir vor wie ein Fährmann der bereits
vom Ufer abgestoßen ist, von demselben her aber noch immer ein
»Heda! nimm mich doch auch mit!« vernimmt. Die Erinnerungen
tauchen in mir zu Hunderten auf, ich muß alle Augenblick verneinen
um nicht gar zu viel Überfracht zu bekommen. Mir wird dabei
ängstlich, wie einem Reisenden, der auf der Schnellpost reiset und
nur 30 l̶b an Bagage frei hat. Und was zeigt sich da meinen Blicken?
Nichts weniger als ein Todter, ein Leichenhemd. Eine
Geistergeschichte, die, weil sie erlebt ist und wahrscheinlich noch
von einem Lebenden außer mir documentirt werden kann, wohl
berechtigt ist, noch als Passagier in das Schiff meiner Erzählung zu
steigen. — Das ganze ist eine sogenannte Vorahnung worin ich
überhaupt ziemlich stark bin, obgleich ich sonst nicht zu den
Sonntagskindern gehöre. Das mag indessen in meinem Blute liegen.
Träumte doch meinem ältesten Bruder, Peter von Kobbe, dem
Historiker, einem dreizehnjährigen Knaben, in der folgenden Nacht,
da sich das Ereigniß im mittelländischen Meere zugetragen hat, die
Schlacht bei Trafalgar, (mit Ausnahme dieses Namens) der Tod
Nelsons, die Zahl der von ihm eroberten Schiffe, das Datum der
Schlacht, die Nummer des Hamburger Correspondenten worin diese
gemeldet wurde, und der ganze Artikel, welcher den Sieg und die
Himmelfahrt Nelson’s enthielt. Sah er doch in Itzehoe in dem Hause
der Generalin H e d e m a n n einen Tag vorher die Leiche eines
Knaben in jedem Zimmer, der am andern Tage aufgefischt und in
das Haus der Generalin gebracht wurde. Mein Bruder, ein Mann von
seltener Gelehrsamkeit, der als rühmlichst bekannter
Geschichtsforscher dem legitimen Princip ergeben ist, hat für seinen
Kaßandratact die Undankbarkeit der Fürsten erfahren, welche ihm
ehren sollten, wie keinen seines Gleichen, und ihm ein Prytaneum
bauen. Ich bin aus zu luftiger Construction, weder für Aristokraten
noch für Democraten recht brauchbar, aus viel Respect gegen den
Himmel und aus viel Verachtung gegen die Erde zusammengesetzt
und daher ein Humorist geworden, oder besser gesagt, geblieben,
habe übrigens meine Qualität als Geisterseher, wovon ich noch
einige andere merkwürdige Beispiele erzählen könnte,
wahrscheinlich für dieses Leben verscherzt. Erzogen von einem
frommen Großvater im sogenannten Mysticismus, wofür ich übrigens
Gott als Poet noch auf meinen Knieen danke, habe ich alle meine
Sonntagskindseigenschaft durch eine ganz im Ernste gemeinte
Bemerkung meines Freundes v. St. verloren, welcher kurzsichtig war
und nach einer Relation mehrerer Geistergeschichten in einem Kreise
von Freunden sich höchst naiv über seinen Mangel an Aperception
von solchen Dingen mit den Worten darüber beklagte: »Ich kann
leider! keine Geister sehen, weil ich einen Geist nicht von einem
Bettlacken zu unterscheiden vermag.« Seit dem heftigen Gelächter,
worin ich damals über diese crassa minerva ausbrach, bin ich kein
Seher mehr, sondern nur noch höchstens ein Fühler geworden. Ich
fordre den Buchhändler Herrn Berndt zu Oldenburg hiemit zum
Zeugen auf, ob ich ihm nicht im Jahre 1832 als eine Neuigkeit erzählt
habe, d a ß i c h i n n e r h a l b d r e i Ta g e n e i n B e i n
b r e c h e n w ü r d e. Am zweiten Abend hatte ich durch ein bloßes
Ausgleiten die tibia zersprengt. —
Vielleicht hätte ich übrigens Restitution als Geisterseher
bekommen. Allein ich habe einen zu rationalistischen Weg
eingeschlagen, der mich bald ganz um meine Swedenborgschen
Eigenschaft bringen wird. Da nämlich der Zufall mich auf alle Weise
chicanirt, habe ich mich entutirt, denselben zu besiegen. Ich habe
ihn lieb gewonnen, wie Richard Savage seine grausame Mutter, ich
lasse nicht von ihm, ich erscheine ihm bald als Berliner, bald als
Braunschweiger, bald als Osnabrücker, d. h. ich spiele häufig in der
Lotterie, und verwende alle meine Sehergaben dabei um einen
großen Gewinn zu ergattern. Ja, mein Streben geht soweit, daß
wenn ich in stiller Mitternacht zu meiner villa kehre, welche vor dem
Heiligengeistthore unfern des Kirchhofes liegt, und den Todtenweg
hinunter wandre, auf dem es bekanntlich in dieser Stunde nicht
recht richtig ist, — — sobald mir irgend ein Geist begegnet, sei es
ein edler Hingeschiedener im unversehrten Todtengewande oder nur
so ein Lump in der Form des Bettlakens, ich sogleich rufe: »Bester!
oder Beste, welche Nummer in der Preußischen oder in der
Braunschweigischen Lotterie wird das große Loos gewinnen?« Die
Verstorbenen müssen allerhöchste Ordre haben, auf diese epinöse
Frage, vielleicht aus Furcht, daß der souveraine Zufall sie doch
nachher blamirt, nicht zu antworten; sogleich wenden sie sich. Wenn
man darauf losgeht sind sie verschwunden und man muß sich Mund
und Augen wischen, in denen sich dann höchstens von der ganzen
Erscheinung, noch etwas alter Weibersommer befindet.
Doch zur Sache. — Ich logirte in Jena bei zwei Gebrüder B. aus
Mecklenburg, welche in der Apotheke am Markt wohnten. Eines
Tages ging ich mit Sand und einem Andern, dessen Name mir
entfallen ist, ich glaube aber es war der jetzige Professor L e o in
Halle über das forum vor das Thor, um einen Platz zu suchen, wo wir
am 3. März zur Feier der Einnahme von Paris eine Eiche pflanzen
wollten, welches auch an dem fraglichen Tage mit großer
Feierlichkeit vollführt worden ist. Ich beklagte mich, daß der Taback
schlecht sei und daß ich um mich Sächsisch-Weimarsch-Eisenachsch
auszudrücken, den L a u s e w e n z e l nicht mehr b l e f f e n möge.
»Ei!« bemerkten meine Begleiter, »wenn Du sechs gute Groschen für
das Viertelpfund anwenden willst, so gehe nur in den Kramladen da,
dicht neben der Sonne, da kannst Du Hamburger J u s t u s
bekommen.« »Hängt!« (das lateinische accipio) entgegnete ich
burschikos und ging in das mir bezeichnete Kaufhaus, worin sich der
Krämer mit seinem Lehrburschen befand. Die Anderen warteten
meiner draußen. —
Ich foderte den mir bezeichneten Taback. Der Kaufherr erklärte
mir, daß die fragliche Sorte auf dem Boden liege, daß er sie mir
holen wolle. Aber in demselben Augenblicke sah ich diesen guten
Mann als L e i c h e auf einem Paradebett. Die Vision schwand
indessen sogleich und beängstigte mich eben auch nicht sehr, denn
es war heller Mittag. —
Nichts desto weniger bemerkte ich dem Ladenjungen: »Geben
Sie Acht Ihr Herr stirbt bald.« »Ei warum entgegnete dieser, er ist ja
kerngesund.« »Er ist so corpulent,« versetzte ich, hiedurch
Entscheidungsgründe für mein Gottes-Urtheil suchend.
»O das hat nichts zu bedeuten,« versetzte der Lehrling. »Ich
kenne den Herrn schon seit vielen Jahren, er hat immer so
ausgesehen.«
In dem Augenblicke kam der Kaufmann und überreichte mir das
Paquet Taback. Ich zahlte, glotzte ihn noch einmal an und fühlte nun
wohl daß ich mich total geirrt hatte. Er sah in der That kerngesund
aus.
Wenn man im Norden einen Bauer fragt: »Freund! wie weit habe
ich bis zu X.?« so hört man nicht selten die Antwort: »Eine Pfeife
Taback.« Es wird von den Antwortenden darunter eine gewisse Zeit
verstanden. In diesem Sinne kann ich von einem Viertelpfund Taback
weiter referiren. Ich blies meine letzte Pfeife nach wenigen Tagen
aus dem zweiten Stock der Jenaer Marktapotheke in die Luft, als ich
vor dem bereits erwähnten Kramladen, dicht an der Sonne, einen
Leichenzug halten sah.
Ich gestehe, nie in meinem Leben von einer solchen innern Angst
ergriffen worden zu sein, als an dem fraglichen Nachmittage. »Seht
Ihr,« rief ich aus, abermals eine Vision wähnend, mit dem Finger
nach dem Kramladen zeigend, »seht Ihr was dort vorgeht?«
»Es ist ein Leichenzug,« war die, aus dem Munde der
Gegenwärtigen einstimmig hervordringende Antwort.
In Bremen lebt ein geistreicher Schiffsmackler Namens
H e i n e k e n, der erste und vielleicht der einzigste, welcher nach
einem Compaß von Schwedisch nach Russisch Lappland gesteuert
ist. Zehn Tage und zehn Nächte hat derselbe sich mit gefrorner Milch
und Fleisch vom Rennthier und mit Branntwein genährt, und schon
die Hoffnung aufgegeben, je wieder menschliche Wohnungen in
diesen Schnee- und Eisgefilden zu finden, als er endlich am eilften
an einem Tannengehölz gekommen ist, aus dem ein Hundegebell
ihm die Nähe von bald gefundenen Menschen verkündigt hat. »Nie,«
pflegte er oft zu sagen, »hat mich eine menschliche Stimme, nie der
Ton einer Sängerin so entzückt, wie dies Wau-Wau eines
unvernünftigen Thieres.«
So war auch mir zu Muthe, als ich merkte, daß meine
Erscheinung kein Spuck sei, sondern diesmal wirklich Realität hatte.
Neugierde und Tabacksbedürfniß führten mich indessen noch an
demselben Tage in das Haus des Krämers, dessen Tod mir die
Nachbarn bestätigt hatten. Im Anfang gab der Bursch mir sorglos die
verlangte herba nicotiana; als ich ihn aber an meinen prophetischen
Spruch erinnerte, wurde er kreidebleich und rief aus: »I Herr Jesus
es ist wahr, Sie haben den Tod meines Herrn vorausgesagt, er ist
noch an demselben Abend, da Sie zuletzt hier waren am Schlagfluß
gestorben.«
Ich überlasse die nähere Anatomie dieser Geschichte den
Medizinern, Philosophen und selbst den, bald hiezu berechtigt
werdenden Wassertrinkern, wahr ist sie auf Cerevis und Ehrenwort.
Überhaupt lüge ich nie, habe es auch nicht nöthig. Denn warum? Es
wäre dies ein abscheulicher Luxus. Mir passirt Gott sei Dank! und
Gott leider! vielmehr, als sich die tollste Fieberphantasie auszubrüten
vermag, und vor allen auf Reisen; ich brauche oft nur das Erlebte zu
schildern um zu riskiren, daß man mich für einen Münchhausen hält.
Zwar gilt von mir auch der Göthische Vers:

»Das Geisterreich ist nicht verschlossen;


Dein Sinn ist zu, Dein Herz ist todt,
Auf Schüler! bade unverdrossen
Die ird’sche Brust im Morgenroth.«

Ich bin vigilant und Vigilantibus, »jura sunt scripta« sagen wir
Juristen. Zudem versäume ich nicht leicht eine Gelegenheit, um
meinen Abentheuerschatz zu bereichern. Wenn ich reise und es
bricht in dem Orte wo ich mich befinde, sei es auch in der weit
entferntesten Vorstadt, Feuer aus, so stehe ich auf und eile hin, wie
ein guter Landesherr, weil ich mich für einen humoristischen Prinzen
von Geblüt ansehe, dem zu Ehren das Feuerwerk gegeben wird.
Hiebei fällt mir wieder eine Erzählung aus dem Philisterio ein, die
an das Unglaubliche gränzt und meinen Satz schlagend
bewahrheitet. Also wieder ein Passagier der in mein Schiff springt.
Ich besitze das Talent, so ziemlich jeden Dialect zu copiren, und
ein wie schlechtes musicalisches Ohr ich auch habe, so scharf und
sicher höre ich doch aus jeder Rede des einzelnen Deutschen den
Ort seiner Geburt oder besser gesagt, seiner Erziehung, und bin
dabei im Stande die meisten gehörten Idiome zu reproduciren.
Hiebei will ich eine Historie zum Besten geben, welche der
Vergangenheit entrissen zu werden verdient. —
Vor ungefähr 6 bis 8 Jahren saß ich in den Gasthof hôtel de
Russie in Oldenburg an der table d’hôte, mir zur Rechten der noch
lebende Agent Herr J ü r g e n s, am Ende der Tafel ein
Hannoverscher Officier Herr Major M a g i u s, welcher mit seinem
Nachbar sich über Paganini unterhielt.
»Können Sie nun wohl rathen, was der Officier für ein
Landsmann ist? raunte mir mein Nachbar zu.« —
Ich besann mich, auf die Rede des Majors horchend, dann aber
sage ich: »Der Herr spricht wie ein L ü b e c k e r.«
»Wollen Sie eine Flasche Wein darauf wetten?« lächelte Herr
Jürgens scherzend.
»Die ist gehalten,« entgegnete ich.
Ich wartete nun bis Herr Magius einen Punct in der Rede hatte
und bat ihn dann da wir eben eine Wette gemacht hätten, um
Bescheid was er für ein Landsmann sei.
»Das werden Sie nun und nimmer rathen,« versetzte der Herr
Major ablehnend, und gab dann eine Menge, mich freilich nicht von
meiner Juryüberzeugung abbringende Gründe an, weshalb es
unmöglich sei, daß ich seine Heimath errathe. Mir ist nur der, seines
längern Aufenthaltes in Italien vor allen noch erinnerlich. —
Endlich schloß der Redner: »Ich will Ihnen nur sagen, daß ich ein
geborner L ü b e c k e r bin.«
»Ich danke Herr Major! ich habe meine Wette gewonnen.«
Während mein Treffer dem Herrn Magius wol etwas magisch
vorkommen mochte, ich hingegen mich des Triumphzuges meines
Steckenpferdes freute, erhob sich ein jüdischer Kaufmann, welcher
mir die viel kitzlichere Frage stellte ob ich wol merken könne woher
er denn sei.
Das war eine sehr schwere Nuß. Man weiß, daß der Dialect der
Juden eben so selten wie ihr Herz an einer Provinz gebunden ist,
und wenn der Frager auch zu den Gebildeten seines Volkes gehörte,
so war er doch nicht frei von der mosaischen Pronunciation. —
Indessen gab ein Gott mir doch folgende Antwort in die Seele:
»Ich kann aus Ihrem angebornen Dialect nicht recht klug
werden. Bald reden Sie wie ein Nordhesse, bald wie ein Hamburger.«
»Wunderbar!« rief der besiegte Sphinx, »Ich bin in Bückeburg
geboren und erzogen, allein seit zehn Jahren in Hamburg etablirt.«
Mit diesem Knalleffect ist meine Geschichte noch nicht aus.
Sie kam mir nämlich etwa anderthalb Jahre später, an einer
Abendtafel in demselben Hause, als von Dialecten die Rede war,
wieder in den Sinn. Ich erzählte sie den um mich her sitzenden
Oldenburgern.
Der Obergerichtsanwald Herr H a h n e bemerkte scherzend, daß
man wol daran gewöhnt sei, nie eine Unwahrheit zu hören, daß
diese Geschichte mit dem Bückeburger Juden doch zu sehr in das
Gebiet des Unglaublichen gehe, und wenigstens auf einer Täuschung
beruhen müsse.
Leider war Herr Jürgens nicht zugegen. —
Die Möglichkeit eines Zweifels an meiner Rede jagte mir das Blut
in das Gesicht. —
Das Roth aber ist die Farbe der Schuld wie der Unschuld. Es ist
die Leibfarbe des Defensors wie des Anklägers.
Man schien dem meinigen eine böse Deutung zu geben.
Der Gedanke war höchst peinigend.
Da erhob sich ein deus ex machina im Hintergrunde an der
Wirthstafel.
»Ich kann die Geschichte eidlich bezeugen,« rief es aus, »sie ist
mir passirt.« — Und siehe! ich erkannte meinen bis dahin nicht
beachteten Bückeburger-Hamburger, dessen Persönlichkeit bereits
aus meinem Gedächtniß desertirt war.
Schon während der ersten Tage meiner Ankunft in Jena war Wit
v. Dörring als Fuchs dort angelangt. Es waren schon unterweges
Zeichen und Wunder mit ihm geschehen, man hatte ihm in Erfurt
seinen ganzen Wechsel gestohlen.
Dieser rubricirte Exdemagoge, der in den neuern Zeiten eine so
verschiedene Beurtheilung erfahren hat, verrieth schon in seiner
Jugend seltene Anlagen. In seinem vierten Jahre hielt er vor seiner
vortrefflichen, jetzt verstorbenen Mutter ganze Predigten aus dem
Stegreife. Seine Mitschüler, zu denen ich auch gehörte, liebten ihn.
Zu allen Aufopferungen bereit, zeigte er ein liebenswürdiges Herz.
Sein Hang zum Mysticismus aber blieb in seiner Seele und er redete
oft wie ein Missionär. Das aber verdroß den alten Doctor G u r l i t t,
der damals Director des Johannei in Hamburg war, welches Wit von
Altona aus frequentirte. Gurlitt sprach oft von orthodoxen
Rindfleischseelen, und pflegte die Mystiker Hechte zu nennen.
Ein Tag in jedem Monat war zu öffentlichen Redeübungen in den
verschiedenen Sprachen bestimmt. Wit hatte das Thema: »Wer die
Gottheit fassen will, der ist verloren,« gewählt und sprach mit
ergreifenden Worten, aber manche dunkle Deutung war in seine
blumenreiche Rede gewirkt. Mit komischem Ernste betrachtete ihn
der alte Schulmonarch. Zitternd ging er zu ihm als er geendet hatte,
und eine große Thräne entperlte den Augen des gutmeinenden
Greises. »Liebes Kind, ich fürchte am Ende, Sie glauben an den
Teufel?« rief er bebend. »Ja, Herr Doctor,« versetzte Wit sich
verbeugend: »den lasse ich mir nicht nehmen!« »Armer junger
Mensch,« versetzte Gurlitt betrübt: »wie oft werden Sie noch die
Alten vertiren und revertiren müssen, ehe Sie zur richtigen Ansicht in
der Religion gelangen!«
Nach wenigen Tagen hatten sich sämmtliche Abgeordnete
eingefunden. In dem Burschenhause, dessen Wirth der altdeutsch
gewordene S e n f t war und zu dem man durch ein enges Gäßchen
vom Markt aus geht, wurden unsere Versammlungen vom 29. März
bis zum 3. April 1818 gehalten. Wir saßen an einem Tisch der mit
schwarzem Tuch behangen, welches mit goldenen und rothen
Frangen, unsern Farben, verbrämt war. Die Sitzungen waren
öffentlich, doch trennte eine Barriere die Deputirten von den
Zuhörern, welchen zwar auch zu reden vergönnt war aber erst dann,
wenn der Präsident ihnen das Wort bewilligt hatte. —
Vor zehn Jahren habe ich die Verhandlungen, welche ich der
Heidelberger Burschenschaft übergeben, ohne daß ich eine Abschrift
davon behalten hatte — in einem kleinen Hannoverschen Ort, bei
einem jungen Staatsdiener zu meiner großen Freude
wiedergefunden und zum Geschenk erhalten. Ich stehe nicht an
dieselben mitzutheilen, theils um jene Gerüchte zu wiederlegen, als
habe jener Burschencongreß die geringste revolutionäre Tendenz
gehabt, theils um darzuthun, daß man im Anfang durch Mißgriffe die
Studenten wie schon erwähnt zu Zeloten und Märtyrern gemacht
hat.
Wahrlich! ich verpflichte mich unter Garantie meines Kopfs, eine
ganze Universität von funfzehnhundert Studenten, in der besten
Ordnung in der loyalsten Stimmung und ferne von jeder Aufregung
zu halten, ihre Phantasie zu beschäftigen ohne sie zu verbrennen
und durch die Burschen fortwährend selbst von ihren geheimsten
Gedanken in Kenntniß gesetzt zu werden. Aber man muß auch das
Gemüth haben auf die Jugend zu wirken und sie ruhig gewähren
lassen, wenn sie in die Sackgassen der Phantasie laufen. Sie
kommen schon von selbst zurück und schlagen dann beschämt die
Augen nieder.
»Pueri sunt pueri, pueri puerilia tractant.«
Beglaubigte Abschrift der Protocolle, gehalten in der
Abgeordneten-Versammlung zu Jena.

Protocoll,
gehal ten in der Versammlung der Abgeordneten
verschiedener Deutscher Hochschulen, zu Jena
am 29. März 1818.

1) Es wurden die Vollmachten der durch Abgeordnete an der


Versammlung Theil nehmenden Hochschulen Berlin, Halle,
Heidelberg, Jena, Kiel, Königsberg, Leipzig, Marburg und Rostock,
mündlich oder schriftlich bekannt gemacht.
2) Veranlaßt durch die Abgeordneten des Berliner
Burschenvereins und den erwählten Abgesandten derjenigen nicht
verbündeten Berliner Burschen, welche auf ihrer Hochschule eine
allgemeine Burschenschaft nach Zweck und Form gegründet sehn
wünschen, entstand die Frage, ob der Abgeordnete des Letztern
eine entscheidende Stimme haben könne, welche Frage durch
Stimmenmehrheit mit »nein« beantwortet wurde.
3) Wurde von den sämmtlichen stimmenfähigen
Burschenabgeordneten, erstens R. aus Jena zum Sprecher, zweitens
W. zum Schreiber in den Versammlungen gewählt.
4) Nach einer Ermahnung von R., den Zweck der Versammlung
im Auge habend, Ruhe, Ordnung und Bestimmtheit zu zeigen, wurde
beschlossen, alle Verhandlungen nach Stimmenmehrheit zu
entscheiden, und vom Sprecher rechts abzustimmen, jedoch mit
Vorbehalt, daß alle Beschlüsse nur dann gültig wären, für die
Hochschulen, wenn sie sich mit den Vollmachten der Abgeordneten
derselben vereinigen ließen.
5) Wurden die angekommenen abschlägigen Antworten von
einigen Deutschen Hochschulen verlesen. Göttingen, Tübingen und
Erlangen hatten entweder keine Abgeordnete stellen wollen oder
können, und dieß schriftlich erklärt.
6) K. aus Heidelberg forderte auf Vergessen aller Selbst und
Partheisucht, den großen Zweck der Versammlung zu erfassen und
in reiner Liebe zum Wahren und Guten so zu reden und zu handeln,
wie jeder es verantworten könne vor Gott und seinem Gewissen.
7) Wurden die Angelegenheiten der Halleschen Burschenschaft,
an sich, und in Verhältniß und Gegensatz der sogen. Sulphuria
verhandelt. Es wurde beschlossen, daß diejenigen, welche sich mit
ihrem Ehrenworte verpflichtet hatten, wegen der Unterdrückung der
dortigen Teutonia Halle zu verlassen, nachher aber diese
Verbindlichkeit nicht erfüllten, weil manche Gründe zu ihrer
Entschuldigung vorhanden waren, nicht streng nach den Buchstaben
des Gesetzes gerichtet werden sollten, sondern alle die von ihnen als
ehrliche und wehrliche Burschen anzuerkennen wären, deren
Entschuldigungsgründe von der Halleschen Burschenschaft als triftig
entweder schon anerkannt wären, oder noch würden, sie aber durch
eine von der sämmtlichen Versammlung des Abgeordneten zu
unterschreibende Urkunde ihrer Übereilung und ihres Leichtsinnes
wegen eine Rüge erhalten sollten. Hierdurch wurde zugleich die
Hallesche Burschenschaft, in welcher sich einige von den genannten
Burschen befanden, als rechtmäßig anerkannt.
A n m e r k u n g . K. aus Heidelberg bat zu bemerken, daß er
deswegen vorzüglich auf Anerkennung und Verweis gestimmt habe,
weil K. die Versicherung gegeben, daß ihm von einem ehemaligen
Teutonen gesagt sei, er habe an dem bekannten Abende einige
Hallesche Burschen blos zu einer b e d i n g t e n Unterschrift
aufgefordert. K. meinte daher, daß dieses von einem jeden gehört
sein könne, oder auch von denen, die es gehört hätten, verbreitet,
also die Präsumtion für Straflosigkeit sei, und ein Verweis genüge.
Die Halleschen Sulpfuristen betreffend, wurde durch
Stimmenmehrheit ausgemacht, daß, da die von ihnen am meisten
Beleidigten um Milde für sie baten, ferner wohl zu wünschen stand,
daß auch in Halle wiederum ein kräftiges und einiges Burschenleben
sich gestalte und gedeihe, ihnen eine allgemeine Verzeihung und
Erlösung vom Banne gewährt werde, wenn sie folgende
Bedingungen eingehen würden:

a) Daß sie nach Namhaftmachung aller ihrer Mitglieder mit dem


Ehrenworte sich verbürgten, die unter ihnen bestehende
Verbindung aufzuheben.
b) Sich verpflichteten, die Hallesche Burschenschaft und ihren
Brauch anzuerkennen.
c) Sich gefallen lassen wollten, daß bei dem Wunsche einzelner,
von ihnen, in die Hallische Burschenschaft, oder in eine auf
andern Hochschulen bestehende Verbindung einzutreten,
über diese erst abgestimmt werde.

A n m e r k u n g a) K. von Heidelberg erklärte, daß er im Namen


seiner Burschenschaft den Verruf nicht eigentlich aufheben könne,
indem derselbe bisher von ihr noch nicht ausgesprochen sei, und
zwar aus dem Grunde, weil Heidelberg noch nicht im Cartel mit
Halle, beschlossen habe, die Sache selbst zu untersuchen. Er hebe
aber im Namen Heidelbergs den Vorbehalt der näheren
Untersuchung auf, und trete oben genannten Bestimmungen bei.
A n m e r k u n g b) Marburg stimmte obiger Meinung aus dem
besondern Grunde bei, daß diejenigen nicht namhaft gemacht
werden könnten, durch welche die Teutonia bei der Regierung
angeklagt sei.
A n m e r k u n g c) In Königsberg war die Acht über die Sulpfuria
nicht ausgesprochen, weil die Partheiungen in Halle dort nicht genug
bekannt geworden waren.
R. — Sprecher.
W. — Schreiber.
Graf v. K. — für J e n a.
L. —
R. — } für K i e l.

F. D. —
L. L. — } für K ö n i g s b e r g.

C. F. L. —
D. E. — } für L e i p z i g.

E. B. — für M a r b u r g.
A. B. —
A. v. B. — } für B e r l i n.

T. v. K. — für H e i d e l b e r g.
F. S. —
D. — } für H a l l e.

W. W. — für R o s t o c k.
Folgen die Unterschriften.
Protocoll,
gehal ten in der Versammlung der Abgeordneten
Morgens den 30. März.

1) Zu den für die Theilnehmer der Hallischen Sulpfuria zu


bestimmenden Puncten und Bedingungen wurde noch hinzu gefügt,
daß sie selbst jeden von ihnen, der die abgefaßte Schrift nicht
unterschreiben wolle, als Verrufenen anerkennen und gegen ihn
verfahren wollten, wie der Burschenbrauch der Hallischen
Burschenschaft bestimme.
2) Es erschienen die Bevollmächtigten der Hallischen Sulpfuria
und unterschrieben die verlangten Puncte, und es war also für ihre
Person der Bann aufgehoben.[6]
3) Ein aus Leipzig angekommener Brief wurde verlesen. Der
Seniorenconvent erklärte darin, daß man zur Förderung aller guten
Zwecke bereit sei, daß aber nach seiner Meinung eine allgemeine
Burschenschaft in Leipzig nicht leicht errichtet werden könne.
4) Es wurden die mündlichen und schriftlichen Klagepuncte des
ehemaligen Breslauer Burschen U. (jetzt in Berlin) gegen die Polen in
Breslau gehört, und beschlossen, er solle den Thatbestand schriftlich
aufsetzen, damit dann, nachdem auch jene gehört wären, in der
Sache ein Weiteres bestimmt werden könne.[7]
5) Nachdem auf diese Weise die auf Brauchssachen Bezug
habenden Angelegenheiten abgemacht waren, wurde zur
Besprechung über die Grundidee einer allgemeinen Deutschen
Burschenschaft geschritten. J., Abgeordneter von mehreren
Burschenschaften aus Berlin, die eine solche wünschten, erkannte,
auf Befragen den erwählten Sprecher und Schreiber an.
6) Es wurden von R. 19 Puncte als Grundlage zu einer
allgemeinen Burschenschaft verlesen, und über dieselben einzeln
abgestimmt. Leipzig begab sich seine Stimme, weil dort noch
Landsmannschaften beständen.
Punct 1.[8] wurde von allen Deutschen Hochschulen anerkannt.
Punct 2. gleichfalls anerkannt. K. behielt sich nähere Erläuterung
bei § 4. vor.
A n m e r k u n g . Es wurde bestimmt, daß eine Deutsche
Burschenschaft Ausländer unter sich aufnehmen k ö n n e, wenn sie
nur von ihnen überzeugt sei, daß sie dem Zwecke einer allgemeinen
Deutschen Burschenschaft nicht schädlich, sondern eher förderlich
sein würden, daß dieselben auch Ausländern eine eigene Verbindung
neben sich gestatten könne, wenn nur diese ihr untergeordnet
blieben, a l l e i n in Brauchssachen entscheidend stimmfähig sei,
jedoch so, daß die Deutsche Burschenschaft wenigstens immer ⅔
der Stimmen erhalte.
K. für Heidelberg erklärte, daß die Burschenschaft sich, wegen
der Zwistigkeiten und Vereine, die noch außer der Burschenschaft in
Heidelberg beständen, aller Rechte auf Renoncen und Nicht-
Burschenschaftsmitglieder enthalte, wenn sie nicht mit ihnen in
Collision käme.
Die Kieler Abgeordneten behielten der Entscheidung ihrer
Burschenschaft vor, ob der von ihr anerkannte Burschenbrauch in
allen seinen Beziehungen auch für die nicht Verbündeten
verpflichtend sein solle.
F. d. U.
Protocoll,
Abends am 30. gehalten.

§. 1. K. wurde auf Verlangen sein Freund L. aus Heidelberg als


Rathgeber in schwierigen Fällen zugesellt.
§. 2. Weitere Berathung über die vorgeschlagenen Puncte:
§. 3. wurde allgemein anerkannt.
§. 4. wurde nach §. 2. eingeschränkt.
K. bezieht sich auf die gemachten Modificationen. V. B. und L.
erkannten dies und das nachfolgende nur in so weit an, als es sich
mit ihren Vollmachten vereinigen ließ.
§. 5. Hiebei wurde vor dem Worte öffentlich »wo möglich«
eingeschaltet.
Das Wort unauflöslich wurde weggelassen. D. erklärte es dahin,
daß er glaube, die Verbindung müsse geistig unauflöslich, auch fürs
bürgerliche Leben fortbestehen.
§. 6. beschränkt sich auf §. 2. Ob Nichtchristen aufzunehmen
seien, wurde der Entscheidung der einzelnen Burschenschaften
überlassen.
§. 7. wurde mit der Bemerkung angenommen, daß es jeder
Burschenschaft frei stehe zu bestimmen, ob nach der
Exmatrikulation jemand von ihr noch als Bursch anzusehen sei, oder
nicht. Die Königsberqer Abgeordneten behielten sich vor, daß die
darüber in ihrem Brauch enthaltenen nähern Bestimmungen in Kraft
bleiben sollten.
§. 8. 9. und 10. wurde angenommen.
§. 11. von den Meisten gebilligt.
Heidelberg stimmt in der Idee dem §. 11. alsdann bei, wenn
jeder ehrenhafte Bursch aufnahmsfähig ist. Die Verhältnisse selbst
haben die Realisirung dieser Idee dort noch nicht gestattet. — Kiel
bezog sich auf seine Anmerkung nach §. 2.
§. 12. angenommen. — Kiel erklärte, da bis her dort keine Wilden
gewesen seien, sei noch nicht bestimmt worden, in wie fern der
Burschenbrauch auch für Nichtverbündete gelte.
§. 13. angenommen.
§. 14. Hiebei verwiesen nur die Kieler auf das oben in dieser
Beziehung Gesagte.
F. d. U.
Protocoll,
gehalten den 31. März.

1) Wurden die von U. abgefaßten Klagepuncte verlesen und


beschlossen, es solle in Breslau Aufhebung des Verrufes und
Rechtfertigung wegen des Überfalls verlangt, U. aber so lange ganz
schuldlos angesehen werden.
2) Wurde angezeigt, daß die Gießner geschrieben hätten, sie
wären verhindert worden Abgeordnete nach Jena zu senden, indem
der Senat allen solchen Relegationen angedroht habe.
3) Es wurde in der abgebrochenen Berathung wieder
fortgeschritten.
§. 15. angenommen.
§. 16. wurde folgendermaßen abgeändert. Es bleibt der
gesammten Deutschen Burschenschaft das Recht, die Verfassungen
der einzelnen Hochschulen, wo Burschenschaften sind, einzusehn
und zu beurtheilen, ob, und in wie fern sie der Grundidee
entsprechen, und bei etwanigen anstößigen dieselbe um Abstellung
derselben anzugehn.
§. 17. Hier wurde die Bestimmung hinzugefügt, daß wenn die
Casse einer, oder mehrerer Burschenschaften zu den Kosten der
Reise nicht hinreiche, eine allgemeine Casse nach Verhältniß des
Einkommens der Burschenschaften eingerichtet, und dadurch die
Reise erleichtert werden solle.
§. 18. Hier wurde Eisenach vorläufig als Versammlungsort
bestimmt.
§. 19. Es wurde hinzugefügt, daß bei den genannten
Berathungen ⅔ der Stimmen entscheiden sollten.
4) Der Vorschlag, alle Jahre am 18. Juni ein Fest zu feiern, wobei
man sich vorzüglich der Brüder an andern Orten in traulicher Liebe
erinnere, wurde gebilligt.
5) Die Abgeordneten der Leipziger Hochschule behielten sich vor,
daß, wenn bei ihnen gleichfalls eine allgemeine Burschenschaft zu
Stande gekommen wäre, auch ihr das hier den einzelnen
Hochschulen gegebenes Recht, den verlesenen Puncten
Anmerkungen hinzuzufügen, aufgehoben bleiben solle, und es wurde
dieß allgemein gebilligt.
F. d. U.
Protocoll,
vom 1. April 1818.

1) L. aus Königsberg zeigte an, daß, da sein Mitabgeordneter D.


unwohl sei, er seine Stimme mit übernommen habe, D. sich aber
etwanige Bemerkungen noch vorbehalte.
2) B. für Marburg dankte den Jenaern für die Abfassung der 19
Puncte, bemühte sich darauf, auseinanderzusetzen, wodurch wir
etwa den darin aufgestellten Zweck erreichen möchten, wobei er vor
allen zur Erlangung wahrer vaterländischer Bildung, Streben nach
umfassender Kenntniß, Ehrenhaftigkeit, und Freiheit, aber was die
Burschenschaften auszeichnend unterscheiden solle, rücksichtslosen
Gemeingeist und möglichste Gleichheit der Rechte empfahl. Es
wurde von R. antwortend auf den 10. Punct verwiesen, wo schon
zum Theil darüber verhandelt sei. Nur wurde noch in Betreff der
Gleichheit vor dem Rechte folgendes Nähere verhandelt.
Es entstand:

a)[9] Die Frage, ob ein Fuchs zum Vorsteher erwählt werden


könne, welche im Allgemeinen verneint wurde.
b) Ob einem Fuchs Stimmrecht zuzuerkennen sei.

Die übrigen Hochschulen bejahten die Frage; Jena, Kiel,


Königsberg und Marburg aber, deren Bevollmächtigte noch nicht von
ihrer Verfassung abgehen konnten, behielten sich Berathung mit
ihren Burschenschaften vor. — Es wurde noch der Vorschlag
gemacht, ob nicht diejenigen Burschenschaften, welche Füchse
entweder nicht sogleich aufnehmen, oder denselben nach der
Aufnahme keine Stimmfähigkeit zuerkennen würden, allen den
Füchsen, welche einzutreten wünschten, Erlaubniß und Veranlassung
geben wollten, vor der Aufnahme eine gewisse Anzahl von
Versammlungen zu besuchen, damit auf der einen Seite dieselben

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