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Second Pass
F I F T H C A N A D I A N E D I T I O N
Brief Contents
Preface xv
PART 4
Compensating and Rewarding
PART 1 Human Resources 195
The Human Resource CHAPTER 8
Environment 1 Total Rewards 196
CHAPTER 1
Strategies, Trends, and Opportunities for
Human Resource Management 2
PART 5
Meeting Other HR Goals 229
CHAPTER 2
The Legal Context for HRM and Creating Safe CHAPTER 9
and Healthy Workplaces 32 Labour Relations 230
CHAPTER 10
PART 2 Managing Human Resources Globally 254
Preparing for and Acquiring CHAPTER 11
Human Resources 61 Creating and Sustaining High-Performance
Organizations 281
CHAPTER 3
Analyzing Work and Designing Jobs 62
Notes EN-1
CHAPTER 4 Glossary GL-1
Planning for and Recruiting Human
Resources 83 Index IN-1
CHAPTER 5
Selecting Employees 108
PART 3
Talent Management 133
CHAPTER 6
Training, Learning, and Development 134
CHAPTER 7
Managing Employees’ Performance 168
Contents
Preface xv What Are the HR Responsibilities of Supervisors and
Managers? 19
How Is the Labour Force Changing? 19
PART 1 Aging of the Workforce 20
A Multi-generational Workforce 21
The Human Resource A Diverse Workforce 21
Shift to Knowledge Workers 22
Environment 1 Increasing Levels of Education 23
x Contents
Summary 57 CHAPTER 4
Critical Thinking Questions 57 Planning for and Recruiting
Experiencing HR 58 Human Resources 83
Case Study 2.1 58 Balancing Labour Demand and Supply: Uber and Lyft 84
Case Study 2.2 59 Introduction 84
Workforce Planning—Why, What, and How? 84
PART 2 Forecasting 84
Goal Setting and Strategic Planning 87
Preparing for and Acquiring Implementing and Evaluating the Workforce Plan 91
Talent 61 Applying Workforce Planning to
Employment Equity 92
CHAPTER 3 Succession Planning: A Type of Workforce
Planning 93
Analyzing Work and Designing Jobs 62
Recruiting Human Resources 93
Exceptionally Interesting Jobs in STEM? 63 Human Resource Policies 93
Introduction 63
Work Flow in Organizations 63 HR How-To The Process of Developing a
Succession Plan 94
Work Flow Analysis 63
How Does the Work Fit with the Organization’s Recruitment Sources 95
Structure? 63 Internal Sources 95
Contents xi
Did You KNOW? Four in Ten Positions Are Filled with Interviews 123
Insiders 96 Interviewing Techniques 123
External Sources 98 Advantages and Disadvantages of Traditional
Interviewing 125
HR Oops! Can Job Ads Perpetuate Gender Bias? 100 Preparing to Interview 125
Evaluating Recruitment Sources 101
HR Oops! Red Flags During Job Interviews 126
Recruiter Traits and Behaviours 101
Recruiters’ Functional Area and Traits 102 Selection Decisions 126
Recruiters’ Realism 102 How Organizations Select Employees 126
Enhancing Recruiter Impact 103 Communicating the Decision 127
Thinking ETHICALLY Mindsets Shift on Boomerang Thinking ETHICALLY What Is an Employer’s Ethical Duty to
Employees 103 Check Facts? 128
CHAPTER 5 PART 3
Selecting Employees 108
Valuing Workers with Autism 109
Talent Management 133
Introduction 109
CHAPTER 6
What Are the Steps in the Selection Process? 109
Training, Learning, and Development 134
The Candidate Experience 110
What Are the Legal Standards for Selection? 111 The Blanket Exercise—An Indigenous Learning
Experience 135
HR How-To Using Data Analytics to Support Fair Hiring Introduction 135
Decisions 113
Training, Learning, and Development Linked to
What Are the Criteria for Evaluating Selection Organizational Needs and Strategy 136
Methods? 113
Did You KNOW? More Learning Time in Companies
Reliability 113
Exhibiting a Strong Learning Culture 137
Validity 114
Ability to Generalize 115 Needs Assessment 137
Practical Value 115 Person Analysis 138
Task Analysis 139
Did You KNOW? Consequences of a Bad Hire Affect the
Readiness for Learning 139
Bottom Line 116
Employee Readiness Characteristics 140
Job Applications and Résumés 116 Work Environment 140
Applications 117 How to Plan and Design the Training
Résumés 117 Program 140
References 117 Objectives of the Program 140
Background Checks 118 In-House or Contracted Out? 141
Employment Tests and Work Samples 119 Selecting Training Methods 141
Physical Ability Tests 119 Presentation Methods 141
Cognitive Ability Tests 120 Hands-on Methods 143
Job Performance Tests and Work Samples 120
Personality Inventories 121 HR How-To Using Wearable Technology to Support
Honesty and Drug and Alcohol Tests 122 Training 146
Medical Examinations 123 Group- or Team-building Methods 147
xii Contents
Contents xiii
Did You KNOW? Awarding Spot Bonuses 209 Did You KNOW? Differences Among the
Pay for Team Performance 210 Sexes—Unionization Rate 236
Pay for Organizational Performance 211 Impact of Unions on Company Performance 236
What Is the Role of Employee Benefits? 212 Goals of Management, Unions, and Society 237
Management Goals 237
HR How-To Rewarding Workers When Raises Are Not
Union Goals 238
an Option 213
What Benefits Are Required by Law? 214 HR Oops! Public Service Union Says It’s Owed $10 Million
Due to Payroll Fiasco 239
What Optional Benefits Do Some Employers
Provide? 214 Society’s Goals 240
Paid Leave 215 Laws and Regulations Affecting Labour Relations 240
Group Insurance and Benefits 215
Retirement Plans 216 HR How-To Avoiding Unfair Labour Practices 241
Family-friendly Benefits and Services 218 Prevention of Unfair Labour Practices 241
Other Benefits 218 What Is the Union Organizing Process? 241
Selecting Employee Benefits 219 The Process of Organizing 241
An Organization’s Objectives 219 Management Strategies 241
Can a Union be Decertified? 242
HR Oops! Protests at Tim Hortons after Cuts to Employee
Benefits 219 Collective Bargaining 243
Bargaining over New Collective Agreements 244
Employees’ Expectations and Values 220
What Happens When Bargaining Breaks Down? 246
Flexible Benefits 220
Collective Agreement Administration 247
Communicating Total Rewards to Employees 220
Labour–Management Cooperation and
Did You KNOW? Benefits Are Important to Collaboration 249
Employees 221
Thinking ETHICALLY Is the Seniority System Fair? 250
Executive Compensation and Rewards 221
Summary 251
Pay for Executives 221
Critical Thinking Questions 251
Executive Incentives and Benefits 222
Performance Measures for Executives 223 Experiencing HR 252
Case Study 9.1 252
Thinking ETHICALLY Volkswagen Changes How It Pays 224 Case Study 9.2 253
Summary 224
Critical Thinking Questions 225 CHAPTER 10
Experiencing HR 226 Managing Human Resources Globally 254
Case Study 8.1 226 Tim Hortons’ Launch into China 255
Case Study 8.2 226 Introduction 255
HRM in a Global Environment 255
Employees in an International Workforce 256
PART 5 Employers in the Global Marketplace 257
What Factors Affect HRM in International
Meeting Other HR Goals 229 Markets? 259
Culture 259
CHAPTER 9
Labour Relations 230 HR Oops! Cross-Cultural Management Blunders 260
xiv Contents
Education and Skill Levels 262 Conditions That Contribute to High Performance 285
Economic System 262 Employee Experience 285
Political–Legal System 263
Did You KNOW? Empowerment Associated with Positive
Workforce Planning in a Global Economy 263
Employee Experience 286
Selecting Employees in a Global Labour Market 264
Selecting Expatriate Managers 265
HR Oops! Employees Say Anything to Stay Away from
HR How-To Meeting the Need for Leadership Talent 266 Work 291
Training and Developing a Global Workforce 266 How Is Employee Experience Assessed? 292
Training Programs for an International Workforce 268 HRM’s Contribution to High Performance 294
Training and Development for Global Relocation 268 Job Design 295
Performance Management across National Recruitment and Selection 295
Boundaries 269 Training, Learning, and Development 295
Managing Expatriates’ Performance 269 Performance Management 295
Compensating and Rewarding an International Compensation and Rewards 297
Workforce 269 Managing Voluntary and Involuntary Turnover 297
Handling Employee Discipline Appropriately 300
Did You KNOW? The 10 Most Expensive Cities Are Effectiveness and Impact of Human Resource
Located on Three Continents 270 Management 301
Pay Structure 270 Human Resource Management Audits 301
Incentive Pay 273 Analyzing the Effect and Impact of HRM
Employee Benefits and Services 273 Programs 303
International Labour Relations 273 Improving HRM Effectiveness and Impact through
Preparing and Managing Expatriates 275 Technology 304
Global Relocation Success Factors 275 Human Resource Management Online: E-HRM 304
Helping Expatriates Return and Minimizing Turnover 276 HRM Information Systems 304
Thinking ETHICALLY How Can Employers Support HR How-To HR Services Go Mobile 305
LGBTQ2+ Employees in Expat Assignments? 277
The Future for HR Professionals 306
Summary 278 The Role of the Chief Human Resources Officer 307
Critical Thinking Questions 278
Thinking ETHICALLY How Should Employers Protect Their
Experiencing HR 279
Data on Employee Devices? 308
Case Study 10.1 279
Case Study 10.2 280 Summary 308
Critical Thinking Questions 309
CHAPTER 11 Experiencing HR 310
Creating and Sustaining High-Performance Case Study 11.1 310
Organizations 281 Case Study 11.2 310
EllisDon Builds a High-Performance Culture 282
Notes EN-1
Introduction 282
What Is a High-Performance Work System? 282 Glossary GL-1
Elements of a High-Performance Work System 282
Outcomes of a High-Performance Work System 284 Index IN-1
Preface
Welcome to the Fifth Canadian edition of Human Resource Management. This book was created to provide you with a
focused introduction to HRM in Canada that is rich in content and relevant in its strategic application. The 11 chapters
balance theory and practical application, and present the material in a manner that is intended to be engaging as well as
thought provoking.
Whether you are a current or future employee, supervisor, manager, entrepreneur, executive, or HR professional, this
Fifth edition is even more focused on supporting your need for foundational Human Resource Management thought lead-
ership and applied insight necessary to perform and thrive in organizations today.
New to this edition are additional resources designed to bring real-world relevance to the study of human resource
management. New Evidence-based HRM and HRM Social Case Studies in each chapter encourage students to explore
real-world HR applications in both individual and group settings. Most chapters also provide specific Indigenous content
intended to open important and elevating conversations. Additionally, this edition was crafted to be necessarily inclusive
with respect to the stories told and images shared.
xvi Preface
their jobs, prepare for future jobs, and help establish career paths that take into account work interests, goals,
values, and other career considerations. Chapter 7 describes the various requirements associated with managing
performance, including establishing performance expectations, coaching, and providing feedback.
• An important element of attracting, retaining, and engaging human resources is rewarding employees for the
work performed and accomplishments achieved. Part 4, Compensating and Rewarding Human Resources
(Chapter 8) addresses several topics related to compensation and rewards. Chapter 8 explores decisions related to
the organization’s overall pay structure, discusses ways organizations can use pay to recognize individual and group
contributions to the organization’s performance, considers benefits and services—forms of total compensation other
than pay—and looks at how to create a total rewards culture.
• Part 5, Meeting Other HR Goals (Chapters 9–11) addresses a number of important HR topics. Chapter 9
discusses human resource management in organizations where employees have or are seeking union representation.
Chapter 10 focuses on HR activities in global contexts. And Chapter 11, the last chapter, addresses HR’s role in
creating and maintaining high-performance organizations.
Connect Insight®
Connect Insight is Connect’s one-of-a-kind visual analytics dashboard—now available for instructors—that provides at-a-
glance information regarding student performance, which is immediately actionable. By presenting assignment, assess-
ment, and topical performance results together with a time metric that is easily visible for aggregate or individual results,
Connect Insight gives instructors the ability to take a just-in-time approach to teaching and learning, which was never
before available. Connect Insight presents data that helps instructors improve class performance in a way that is efficient
and effective.
Preface xvii
Smart Grading
When it comes to studying, time is precious. Connect helps students learn more efficiently by providing feedback and
practice material when they need it, where they need it.
• Automatically score assignments, giving students immediate feedback on their work and comparisons with correct
answers.
• Access and review each response; manually change grades or leave comments for students to review.
• Track individual student performance—by question, assignment, or in relation to the class overall—with detailed
grade reports.
• Reinforce classroom concepts with practice tests and instant quizzes.
• Integrate grade reports easily with Learning Management Systems including Blackboard, D2L, and Moodle.
Mobile Access
Connect makes it easy for students to read and learn using their smartphones and tablets. With the mobile app, students
can study on the go—including reading and listening using the audio functionality—without constant need for Internet
access.
Instructor Library
The Connect Instructor Library is a repository for additional resources to improve student engagement in and out of the
class. It provides all the critical resources instructors need to build their course.
• Access Instructor resources.
• View assignments and resources created for past sections.
• Post your own resources for students to use.
Instructors’ Resources
To ensure maximum consistency with the text material, all of the instructor resources have been prepared by the lead text
author, Sandra Steen, making Connect a one-stop shop for quality instructor resources, including:
• Instructor’s Manual: The Instructor’s Manual accurately represents the text’s content and supports instructors’
needs. Each chapter includes the learning objectives, glossary of key terms, a chapter synopsis, complete lecture
outline, and solutions to the end-of-chapter critical thinking questions, cases, and other exercises.
• Computerized Test Bank: This flexible and easy-to-use electronic testing program allows instructors to create
tests from book-specific items. The Test Bank contains a broad selection of multiple-choice, true/false, and essay
questions, and instructors may add their own questions as well. Each question identifies the relevant page reference
and difficulty level. Multiple versions of the test can be created and printed.
• Microsoft PowerPoint ®
Presentations: These robust presentations offer high-quality visuals from the text and
highlight key concepts from each chapter to bring key HR concepts to life.
• Videos: This video package contains exclusive videos from Canadian HR Reporter. It is an excellent supplement
to lectures and useful for generating in-class discussion. Video summary information and teaching notes have been
prepared to accompany the video package and that can be integrated with course planning using the Instructor’s
Manual.
OPTIONAL SUPPLEMENTS
THE MANAGER’S HOTSEAT VIDEOS
The Manager’s HotSeat is a resource that allows students to watch real managers apply their years of experience to con-
fronting certain management and organizational behaviour issues. Students assume the role of the manager as they watch
the video and answer multiple-choice questions that pop up during the segment, forcing them to make decisions on the
spot. Students learn from the managers’ unscripted mistakes and successes, and then create a report critiquing the manag-
ers’ approach by defending their reasoning. The Manager’s HotSeat is ideal for group or classroom discussions.
xviii Preface
APPLICATION-BASED ACTIVITIES
The Connect Application-based Activities are highly interactive and automatically graded application- and analysis-based
exercises wherein students immerse themselves in a business environment, analyze the situation, and apply their knowl-
edge of management strategies to real-world situations. Students progress from understanding basic concepts to using
their own knowledge to analyze complex scenarios and solve problems.
The Connect Application-based Activities provide students valuable practise using problem-solving skills to apply
their knowledge to realistic real-world situations. Students progress from understanding basic concepts to using their
knowledge to analyze complex scenarios and solve problems.
Acknowledgments
The Fifth Canadian edition of Human Resource Management represents the efforts of an extraordinary publishing team
at McGraw-Hill Ryerson. Amy Clarke-Spencley and Kevin O’Hearn, our group portfolio managers, guided the vision
for the book, put the team and resources in place, and navigated all the strategic considerations in concert with Veronica
Saroli and Lindsay Macdonald, content developers. We also appreciate the expertise and collaboration with Indu Arora
throughout the photo research and permissions process. We would also like to thank Karen Rolfe, copy editor, for her
excellent work. Thank you to Dianne Reynolds for composing a compelling and crisp design for the book. Thank you to
Emily Park, marketing manager, for all of her great work to keep us current and connected to the higher education and
learning community. For this edition, we are also very grateful for the contributions of Jack Whelan and Jessica Barnoski,
supervising editors, who guided the production process.
We would also like to extend our sincere appreciation to all of the professors and students who shared their experi-
ences and perspectives. Through focus groups, informal reviews, and conversations, their suggestions, insights, and com-
ments helped us develop and shape this new edition.
Each of these features has been designed to take human resource management into the real world—with either a practical
exercise, a visit to a website or publication, a connection to quantitative data, an application of ethical insight, innovation,
or even an awkward situation in the workplace. CHAPTER 1
• Learning objectives open each chapter. After reading this chapter, you should be able to:
LO1 Define human resource management and explain how HRM contributes to and
HR Oops!
“Neglecting Remote
change, operate Workers,” anddiverse “Red Flags
people on During
leave them out and even mistreat them. For remote workers focused and high-performing? “We’re Shopify. Our mission is to make commerce better for everyone—but we’re not the workplace for
example, 84 percent of remote workers report 2. What can remote workers do to maintain everyone. We thrive on on trust, and leverage the perspectives of
that when they experience routine workplace our team in everything we do. We solve problems at a rapid pace. In short, we get shit done.” In 2004,
Hiring
Shopify Interviews.”
strong connections to their organizations?
consisted of two people working from a coffee shop; today, Shopify has more than 3,000 employees
Source: Michael Ferguson, “Stop Neglecting Remote Workers,” Harvard Business Review, January 17, 2018, https://hbr.org; 1
serving 600,000 merchants around the world and has been rated as Canada’s Best Place to Work.
John Dujay, “Remote workers feeling excluded: Study,” Canadian HR Reporter, 30 (21), December 11, 2017, p. 3, 10; Joseph
Grenny and David Maxfield, “A Study of 1,100 Employees Found That Remote Workers Feel Shunned and Left Out,” Harvard
Business Review, November 2, 2017, https://hbr.org; Annamarie Mann, “3 Ways You Are Failing Your Remote Workers,” Gallup
News, August 1, 2017, http://news.gallup.com, accessed February 1, 2018.
Telework and Remote Work vehicle. Remote work and telework is easiest to implement
Flexibility can extend to work locations as well as work for people in managerial, professional, office, or sales jobs.
schedules. Before the Industrial Revolution, most people A remote arrangement is generally difficult to set up for man-
ufacturing workers and has become a hot topic in tech com- First Pass
worked either close to or inside their own homes. Mass
production technologies changed all this, separating work panies. For example, IBM, once a “remote-work pioneer”
life from home life, as people began to travel to centrally with 40 percent of its 386,000 global employees working
located factories and offices. Escalating prices for office remotely, recently informed 2,600 remote employees that the
space, combined with drastically reduced prices for com- company would be calling them back to state-of-the art office ste54931_ch01_001-031.indd 2 01/03/19 03:31 PM
puters and communication technologies, are forces work- spaces to inspire collaboration, innovation, and team work.27 286 PART 5 Meeting Other HR Goals
ing to reverse this trend. The broad term for doing one’s Leslie Sarauer, senior vice-president of human
work away from a centrally located office is remote work, resources at Waterloo, Ontario–based OpenText, explains
telework, or telecommuting; however, it was been sug- that “when it comes to tech developers and engineering
gested that remote workers work solely from home,whereas teams, it’s helpful to have those teams working together as Did You KNOW?
telecommuters work from home an average of 1–3 days per opposed to remotely.”28
week.24 Wayne Berger, executive vice-president of Regus
Canada, a flexible workplace provider based in Toronto, Designing Ergonomically Empowerment Associated with Positive Employee Experience
describes remote work/telework being at the highest level
ever with 47 percent of Canadians working “outside the
Correct Jobs In a recent survey, “employees who feel their 34 percent). A similar pattern emerged among
ideas and suggestions matter are more than employees who have the freedom to decide how
office for half the week or more.”25 The way people use their bodies when they work—whether
twice as likely to report a positive employee to do their work (79 percent vs. 42 percent).”
For employers, advantages of remote work include lifting heavy furniture into a moving truck or sitting qui-
Sources: “The Employee Experience Index,” IBM Smarter Workforce Institute, September 2016, p. 8, http://www.globoforce
.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/The_Employee_Experience_Index.pdf. Used with permission. Industrial-organizational
psychologists and experts in HR consulting from both the IBM Smarter Workforce Institute and the Globoforce WorkHuman
Analytics and Research Institute undertook a large-scale research project to understand and measure what makes an optimal
working experience for employees. This research resulted in the creation of the Employee Experience Index (EXI) that measures
employees’ personal experiences at work in terms of belonging, purpose, achievement, happiness, and vigor. The IBM and
Globoforce research found that employee experience is positively associated with employee work performance, discretionary
effort, and turnover intention.
for satisfying customers better and operating more effi- be trained to link employees to resources within and out-
ciently and safely. This is empowering when management side the organization, such as customers, and co-workers
listens to the ideas, implements valuable ones, and rewards in other departments, with needed information. Managers
employees for their innovations. must also encourage employees to interact with colleagues
As illustrated in the Did You Know? box, employ- throughout the organization, ensure that employees have
ees are more than twice as likely to report a positive work access to the resources they need, and reward collabora-
experience when they have the “freedom to decide how tion. Employee empowerment shifts the recruiting focus
to do their work” and when “their ideas and suggestions away from technical skills and toward general cognitive
matter.” and interpersonal skills. Employees who have accountabil-
HRM practices such as performance management, ity for a final product or service must be able to listen to
training, work design, and compensation are important customers, adapt to changing needs, and creatively solve a
for ensuring the success of employee empowerment. Jobs variety of problems.
must be designed to give employees the necessary latitude
for making a variety of decisions. Employees must be prop-
erly trained to exert their wider authority and use informa- Teamwork
ste54931_fm_i-xxii.indd xix tion resources and communication tools. Employees also 01/16/19
Modern technology places the information 06:18
that employees PM
need feedback to help evaluate their successes. Pay and need for improving quality and providing customer service
other rewards should reflect employees’ authority and be right at the point of sale or production. As a result, the
Second Pass
They Have ’High-Potential’?,” “Is the Seniority System it comes to sensitive topics such as employment
law and data privacy rights.”
professionals, to look for patterns in the context
of the work environments that would account
Strategies, Trends, and Opportunities heart monitors, and calorie counters.” Data that collected this type of information?
collection is “mostly limited to the tried-and- 2. Why is it important to not rely exclusively on
true,” and qualitative approaches are integrated quantitative data when making decisions
for Human Resource Management with survey and existing data to use analytics about people?
Sources: Rachel Ramosa, “Confused by analytics? Take Pfizer’s prescription,” HR Tech News, May 18, 2018, www.
hrtechnologynews.com, accessed June 20, 2018, “25 Truths about Talent Management: Insights from The 2018 Talent
Management Strategies Conference,” The Conference Board, (2017), pp. 1-21; Patti P. Phillips, and Rebecca L. Ray, “Human
Capital Analytics @ Work Volume 2, The Conference Board,. (2017), pp. 1-56.
WHAT DO I NEED TO KNOW?
After reading this chapter, you should be able to:
LO1 Define human resource management and explain how HRM contributes to and gone wrong and invite you to find better alternatives. “HR
supports an organization’s strategies and performance. How Is This Book Organized? How-To” boxes provide details about how to carry out
This chapter has provided an overview of human resource a practice in each HR area. “Did You Know?” boxes are
LO2 Summarize competencies, careers, professional accreditation, and ethics in management as well as a summary of trends and oppor- snapshots of interesting statistics related to chapter topics.
human resource management. tunities impacting employees, managers and supervisors, “Thinking Ethically” at the end of each chapter demonstrates
HR professionals, and organizations. In this book, the top- ethical issues in managing human resources. “Experiencing
LO3 Explain the role of supervisors and managers in human resource management. ics are organized according to the broad areas of human HR” are experiential exercises that encourage exploration
resource management shown in Table 1.7. The numbers in of real-word HR topics and situations in both individual
LO4 Describe trends in the composition and expectations of the labour force.
the table refer to the part and chapter numbers. and group settings. New to this edition are Evidence-based
LO5 Discuss how technology is impacting human resource management. Along with examples highlighting how HRM helps
a company maintain high performance, the chapters offer
Chapter 1 Strategies, Trends, and Opportunities for Human Re
HRM and HRM Social chapter-ending case studies. These
case studies provide stories that illustrate how evidence-
various other features to help you connect the principles to based HRM and social media is integrated in the context of
real-world situations. “HR Oops!” boxes identify situations human resource management.
CHAPTER-OPENING
the organization. No two human resource departments projects. HR also encour
have precisely the same roles, because of differences in the communities where A
VIGNETTES
organization size and characteristics of the workforce, four hours a month of
Eachthechapter
industry, andwith
opens management’s values.andInpeople
a look at events some in as by participating in la
organizations, the HR department handles all
real organizations to encourage reflection and application the outreach centre or cook
activities listed in Table 1.1. In others, it may share the families.18
to the chapter content.
roles and duties with managers and supervisors of other Let’s take an overvie
Carlos Osorio/Toronto Star via Getty Images. departments such as finance, operations, or information of the options available
technology. In some companies, the HR department resource management i
“We’re Shopify. Our mission is to make commerce better for everyone—but we’re not the workplace for
everyone. We thrive on change, operate on trust, and leverage the diverse perspectives of people on
our team in everything we do. We solve problems at a rapid pace. In short, we get shit done.” In 2004,
Shopify consisted of two people working from a coffee shop; today, Shopify has more than 3,000 employees
serving 600,000 merchants around the world and has been rated as Canada’s Best Place to Work.1
actively advises top management. In others, the which options to use and
department responds to top-level management decisions mentation. Later chapter
and implements staffing, training, and rewards activities greater detail.
in light of company strategy and policies. And, in a
recent trend, some companies are doing away with their
HR departments altogether, preferring to flatten their Analyzing and
organizational structure and to encourage departmental
ste54931_ch01_001-031.indd 2 01/03/19 03:31 PM
To produce their given p
managers and other employees to handle HR issues as
ucts or services), compan
they arise.15
be performed. The tasks
The structure and responsibil-
employee nations to form jobs. I
ities of HR departments are likely experience tasks should be groupe
KEY TERMS to continue to change in the future
to ensure that they remain strate-
Set of perceptions
that employees
that help the organizatio
Key terms and definitions appear in the text, so terms are ate efficiently and to obt
gic. Many companies, including have about their
highlighted where they are discussed for easy review and experiences with the right qualificat
Airbnb, are beginning to recognize
in order to introduce the language of HRM. at work in the jobs well. This functio
that providing a positive employee response to their the activities of job an
experience is critical for keeping interactions with
job design. Job analysis
employees engaged and committed the organization.
cess of getting detailed i
to the company. Employee expe-
about jobs. Job design
rience refers to the “set of perceptions that employees
cess of defining the way
have about their experiences at work in response to their
be performed and the ta
interactions with the organization.”16 This encompasses
given job requires.
all of the elements that influence an employee’s percep-
tion of the work environment and becomes an import-
ant focus for the employee’s entire “journey”—from
the person’s very first contact with a potential employer
Workforce Pla
through retirement and even beyond. Organizational Workforce planning,
culture is a vital part of the employee experience that the numbers and types of
ste54931_fm_i-xxii.indd xx is evidenced through HR functions and how01/16/19 they 06:18
are PM the organization will requ
carried out.17 to meet its objectives, is a
Second Pass
HR HOW-TO HR How-To
Specific steps and methods to implement HRM initiatives. Using Wearable Technology to Support Training
This feature provides the context for understanding typical As soon as wearable technologies like fitness
trackers and smart watches and eyeglasses
valuable information for improving perfor-
mance. They also might feel like an intrusion
responsibilities of managers and/or human resources pro- became available, businesses envisioned ways
to use them. More recent developments include
into the learner’s privacy. Employers should
prepare for these concerns by ensuring
fessionals. Examples include “The Process of Developing electronic sensing badges, which can track
employees’ interaction patterns in the work-
that employees know what data is being
collected and consent to having their data
6. Training, Learning, and Development Sources: Patty Gaul, “Big Data: Using People Analytics to improve Leadership Development,” TD, March 2018, pp. 29-33;
7. Managing Employees’ Performance Alex Moore, “Learning Meets the Internet of Things,” TD, December 2017, pp. 18-20; Lorri Freifeld, “Wearables at Work,”
Training, September/October 2015, pp. 18–21; Christopher Pappas, “Seven Ways Wearable Technology Could Be Used
Part 4: Compensating and Rewarding Human Resources in Corporate Training,” eLearning Industry, August 25, 2015, http://elearningindustry.com; Kate Everson, “Learning Is All in
the Wrist,” Chief Learning Officer, April 2015, pp. 18–21; Bill Barlow, “Wear It Well,” Training, November 14, 2014, https://
8. Total Rewards trainingmag.com.
9. Labour Relations
A learning management system (LMS) refers to a popular for several reasons. An LMS can help companies
10. Managing Human Resources Globally
11. Creating and Sustaining High-Performance Organizations technology platform that can be used to automate the reduce travel and other costs related to training, reduce time
administration, development, and delivery of all of a com- for program completion, increase employees’ accessibility
pany’s training programs. An LMS can provide employees, to training across the business, and provide administrative
managers, and instructors with the ability to manage, capabilities to track program completion and course enrol-
deliver, and track learning activities.46 LMSs have become ments. For example, an organization’s LMS can serve as a
LO1 Define human resource management and explain specialized work in fields such as talent acquisition, total
how HRM contributes to and supports an organization’s rewards, or labour relations—or work as generalists, per-
strategies and performance. forming a full range of HR accountabilities. Provincial/
territorial associations
Chaptermanage
9 Labour the Relations
certification process
251 ste54931_ch06_133-167.indd 146 01/11/19 02:49 PM
Human resource management consists of an organization’s and award professional designations. Work is underway
“people practices”—the policies, practices, and systems throughout Canada to move HR from an unregulated to
year-long consultative
that influence process
employees’ that generated
behaviours, attitudes,almost
and aservice: “A world-class
self-regulated public
profession. Human service representative
resources of
profession-
12,000 responses
performance.
forums with more
organization
tions
HRM to aninfluences
and the
are intended tohuman
The organization’s
online survey
thanexperience
whoandworks
500 participants.
employees
provideresources
a criticalhave
step to
22 discussion
The have
for the
recommenda-
at work.
theachieving
potentialthe
to
Canada’s
als
welcoming,
duties
population,
are required
to theinclusive
with Canada’s
individuals
defined
to uphold highbyethical
its diverse
and supportive
public, profession,
evolving
in the
workforce
standards
workplace,
clients
and
including
that aligns
and employers,
human rights context and that is
workplace.
and CHAPTER SUMMARIES
stated Task Force’s
be a source diversity
of sustainable inclusion vision
competitive for theAs
advantage. public
part committed to innovation and achieving results.”53
of its strategic role, HR can demonstrate the impact of
human resource practices on company results by engaging
LO3 Explain the role of supervisors and managers in
human resource management.
Recap the “What Do I Need to Know?” objectives from the
beginning of each chapter with brief summary discussions.
in evidence-based HRM. Sustainability, organizational
agility, and diversity characterize successful organizations. Supervisors and managers must be familiar with their
The organizational context is increasingly globalized and own important role in managing human resources and
SUMMARY
rapidly changing, requiring relevant and agile approaches
to all HR functions and processes.
implementing HR processes. Supervisors and managers
are likely to analyze work, interview job candidates, par-
ticipate in selection decisions, provide training, set goals,
LO1 Define unions and labour relations and their role LO4 Describe
provide coachingthe union organizing
and feedback, process.
provide performance
LO2
in Summarize competencies, careers, professional
organizations.
accreditation, and ethics in human resource management. feedback,
Organizingand recommend
begins when payunionincreases. On a day-to-day
representatives contact
A union is an organization formed for the purpose of repre- basis, supervisors
employees andthem
and invite managers
to signrepresent the company
a membership appli-
Human resources
senting its membersprofessionals require with
in resolving conflicts substantial and
employers. to
cation. When the required numbers of employeesrole
their employees, so they also play an important in
have
varied relations
Labour competencies. Careers in specialty
is the management HRM may involve
emphasizing employee and labourapplications,
signed membership relations. the union will apply to
skills that managers and union leaders can use to minimize the appropriate labour relations board for certification.
costly forms of conflict and to seek win–win solutions to Requirements for certification differ among federal, prov- Second Pass
disagreements. incial, and territorial jurisdictions.
LO2 Identify the labour relations goals of manage- LO5 Explain how management and unions negotiate
ment, unions, and society. and administer collective agreements.
ste54931_ch01_001-031.indd 28 01/03/19 03:31 PM
Management have goals to increase the organization’s Negotiations take place between representatives of the 226 PART 4 Compensating and Rewarding Human Resources
profits and/or productivity. Managers generally expect that union and the management bargaining unit. The process
unions will make these goals harder to achieve. Unions begins with preparation, including research into the other
have the goal of obtaining pay and working conditions
that satisfy their members. Society’s values have included
side’s strengths and demands. If bargaining breaks down,
the impasse may be broken with a strike, lockout, media-
EXPERIENCING HR—HOW TO ASSESS ROI OF A
EXPERIENCING HR
the view that the existence of unions will replace conflict
or violence between workers and employers with fruitful
negotiation.
tion, conciliation, or arbitration.
Collective agreement administration is a daily activity
under the collective agreement. It includes carrying out
WELLNESS PROGRAM
Form groups of four or five. (Alternatively, your instructor
may ask students to complete the research independently
publications (e.g., Benefits Canada) and credible websites
(e.g., the website for the Canadian Centre for Occupa-
the terms of the agreement and resolving conflicts over
LO3 Summarize laws and regulations that affect
These experiential exercises encourage students to explore
and discuss their findings in class.) You have been asked tional Health and Safety. Discuss your findings about how
interpretation or violation of the agreement.
labour relations. by your manager to be part of a workplace task force that to determine the ROI of a corporate wellness program.
LO6 Describe more cooperative and collaborative will examine how to assess the return on investment (ROI) Write a one-page report or make a brief class presentation
real-world
agement, unions,HR topics
achieve theirindividually or in teams.
Laws and regulations affect the degree to which man-
approaches to labour–management relations. of a corporate wellness program. summarizing your findings.
and society varied goals.
Conduct research using recent academic (e.g.,
Canada’s overall labour relations legal framework is decen- In contrast to the traditional view that labour and man- ACSM’s Health & Fitness Journal) and HR practitioner
tralized with responsibility for labour relations shared agement are adversaries, some organizations and unions
among the federal, provincial, and territorial governments. work more cooperatively and collaboratively. This rela-
A common core of labour legislation exists that includes tionship may feature employee involvement in decision
prohibiting unfair labour practices by management and making, self-managing employee teams, joint labour– CASE STUDY: EVIDENCE-BASED HRM
labour. Labour relations boards or similar quasi-judicial management committees, broadly defined jobs, and
tribunals exist within each jurisdiction to administer and sharing of financial gains and business information with
Improving the Quality and Reducing the Cost of Employee Health Benefits
enforce labour laws. employees. The new Health Transformation Alliance, a collabo- for caution as most pain medication is legally prescribed
ration of 38 companies employing 6 million workers and control of pain is critical. At the same time, use of
Second Pass
6. Have you ever experienced harassment at work or could take to minimize the risk of any injury or illness
been injured on the job? related to that hazard.
7. What are jobs that you consider particularly hazard- a. Server in a restaurant
ous? What types of hazards and hazardous activities b. House painter
might workers experience in these jobs? What is your
c. Data scientist
advice to reduce or eliminate the hazards and hazard-
ous activities identified? d. Worker in a personal care home for seniors
CASES (NEW)
freedom to decide how often and in what ways they want
to set goals and provide feedback. The discussion is future
focused. That is, both the employee and the manager con-
performance discussions. The boss asks employees if discus-
sions are occurring and if they have a development plan.
There are several indications that Check-In is effective.
sider what to change to increase the likelihood that per- HR includes questions about performance management CASE STUDY: EVIDENCE-BASED HRM
Evidence-based HRM and HRM Social Case Studies have
formance will be effective. Employees are evaluated on in its annual employee survey. Survey results show that
Sodexo Examines the Impact of Gender-balanced Leadership on Performance
the basis of how they have performed against their goals 80 percent of employees responded that they had regular
rather than how they compare to other employees. More performance meetings with their managers and felt sup- Rohini Anand, global chief diversity officer at Sodexo, a Anand’s study also determined that globally,
been introduced in each chapter to apply the concepts by
frequent performance feedback is especially important
to Millennial employees, who are used to real-time com-
ported by them. Since Check-In was introduced, voluntary
turnover has decreased by 25 percent. Also, it is estimated
global food services and facilities management company,
collected, analyzed, and shared data showing the value of
56 percent of Sodexo’s employees currently work in a
team with gender-balanced leadership. In Canada, Sodexo
ment or discussion.
provides materials about coaching, giving feedback, and found that teams with a management male–female ratio of ensure that goal is reached, 10 percent of senior leaders’
2. What are the benefits and potential disadvantages
personal and professional development. For example, man- between 40 and 60 percent delivered the consistently best bonuses are based on their yearly progress toward that
of more frequent performance discussions between
agers might use the resource centre to help them with tough results on both financial and non-financial performance goal. Third Pass
performance conversations such as those involving giving managers and employees? indicators. Specific results of Sodexo’s internal study Sodexo Canada recently announced the appointment
employees difficult feedback. HR relies on what is known as 3. Which purpose of performance management will be found that gender-balanced management entities had: of its first female President—Suzanne Bergeron. Bergeron
a skip-level process to ensure that performance discussions more difficult to achieve for companies like Adobe • better employee engagement: +4 points had been the vice-president of human resources and is
are occurring throughout the year. This means that the man- that decide to eliminate ranking or rating employee based in Montreal. Sodexo Canada has more than 10,000
• higher gross profits: +23 percent employees and has been recognized for five consecutive
ager’s own boss holds the manager accountable for having performance?
• stronger brand image: Chapter
+5 points
2 The Legal Context for HRM and
years asCreating Safe andBest
one of Canada’s Healthy Employers. 59
Workplaces
Diversity
Sources: Based on R. Feintzeig, “The Trouble with Grading Employees,” Wall Street Journal, April 22, 2015, pp. B1, B7; D. Meinert,
“Reinventing Reviews,” HR Magazine, April 2015, pp. 36–40; J. Ramirez, “Rethinking the Review,” Human Resource Executive, July/August
2013, pp. 16–19.
Questions 2. Why do you think Sodexo teams with gender-
balanced leadership have achieve higher levels of
1. What is your reaction to Sodexo’s goal that by 2025 performance than teams that do not have gender-
at least 40 of senior global leaders will be women? balanced leadership?
CASE STUDY: HRM SOCIAL What could go wrong? What must go right?
ste54931_ch02_032-060.indd 58 01/03/19 03:32 PM
Apps Make Giving and Receiving Feedback Quick and Easy Sources: Based on J. Simons, “Workplace Diversity Efforts Get a Reboot,” Wall Street Journal, February 15, 2017, p. B5; Sodexo Canada
website, “Sodexo Canada announces the appointment of Suzanne Bergeron as new Country President,” May 28, 2018, www.sodexo.com,
IBM’s Checkpoint performance management app allows Many workers used the app in a dysfunctional way. They accessed July 10, 2018; “Sodexo named Top Diversity Employer Five Years Running,” CNW Newswire, March 2, 2018, www.newswire.
employees to set short-term performance goals and man- described making agreements with colleagues to com- ca, accessed July 10, 2018; “Case Study: Sodexo Analyzes the Impact of Gender Balance on Performance,” Gender Balance Business
News, https://ca.sodexo.com/files/live/sites/sdxcom-global/files/020_Global_Content_Master/Building_Blocks/GLOBAL/Multimedia/PDF/
agers to provide feedback on their progress. Employees ment negatively on the same co-worker or to heap high
Diversity_and_Inclusion/SODEXO_GBBN2015_GB_WEB.pdf, accessed July 10, 2018.
and managers at Mozilla can use an app to send each other praise on each other. Some employees felt sabotaged by
colourful “badges” to recognize good performance. The the negative comments from unidentified colleagues.
badges include slogans such as “you rock” or “kicking In some cases, the negative comments were copied dir-
butt.” Also, employees can receive feedback and coaching ectly into employees’ performance reviews (known as CASE STUDY: HRM SOCIAL
from peers and managers by posting short questions about “the full paste.”). Using Social Media in Hiring Poses Discrimination Risk
their performance, such as “What did you think about my
At many organizations, the people who make hiring To avoid discriminatory behaviour, it is important
speech?” Questions decisions conduct an online search of social media to learn for employers to get expert advice to ensure compliance
The availability of apps used to ask for and give
1. Does the use of apps for feedback help or hinder per- more about candidates. According to a 2017 CareerBuilder with human rights and privacy requirements. For exam-
feedback may not always be positive. Amazon’s Anytime
formance management? Explain. poll of 2,380 HR and hiring private-sector managers, ple, employers must be sure the information they gather is
Feedback Tool can be used secretly by office workers
2. Can a performance management app replace the need approximately 70 percent of employers said they used social related to job qualifications. Some suggest that employers
to praise or critique their colleagues. The peer evalua-
for a regularly scheduled performance evaluation? media for hiring—a significant increase from 60 percent in consider using a third-party company to conduct back-
tions can be submitted to members of the management
Why or why not? 2016 and 11 percent a decade ago. The objective is to gain ground checks on social media. That agency would report
team at any time, using the company’s internal directory.
greater insight into people’s character and spot red flags that only the job-related information obtained from the back-
Sources: Based on H. Clancy, “How Am I Doing?” Fortune, March 1, 2017, p. 34; D. MacMillan, “Uber to Monitor Actions by Drivers in a person might behave unprofessionally. However, some ground check and omit protected information, such as an
Safety Push,” Wall Street Journal, June 30, 2016; M. Weinstein, “Annual Review under Review,” Training, July/August 2016, pp. 22–29; recent research suggests that screening candidates with employee’s religion, health, and pregnancy status. One
C. Zillman, “IBM Is Blowing Up Its Annual Performance Review,” Fortune, February 1, 2016; B. Hassell, “IBM’s New Checkpoint Reflects social media contributes to discriminatory hiring decisions. recent survey found that 95 percent of social media screen-
Employee Preferences,” Workforce, April 2016, p. 12; J. Kantor and D. Streitfeld, “Inside Amazon: Wrestling Big Ideas in a Bruising
In one study, researchers created fictional résumés and ing is conducted internally and 5 percent is outsourced to
Workplace,” New York Times, August 16, 2015, p. A1; E. Goldberg, “Performance Management Gets Social,” HR Magazine, August 2014,
pp. 35–38. social-media profiles and sent the résumés to businesses that an external vendor.
had advertised job openings. All the résumés listed the same
qualifications under different names, but the social media Questions
hinted that applicants were either Christian or Muslim or
that they were either gay or straight. The companies were 1. Explain how the findings of the research study pro-
more likely to call the applicants with the Christian-sounding vide an example of differential treatment.
profiles than the applicants who seemed to be Muslim. 2. For the employee characteristics protected by human
Broken down geographically, the difference was statistically rights legislation, which could you avoid revealing
ste54931_ch07_168-194.indd 194 01/09/19 06:36 PM
significant. The researchers did not find a difference in on a social media site? Which would be difficult or
response rates related to sexual orientation in this study. impossible to avoid disclosing?
Sources: Debbie Lamb, “Social Media Screening Continues Its Upward Trends,” Sterling Talent Solutions, October 5, 2017, www.
sterlingtalentsolutions.com, accessed July 10, 2018; “Is trawling social media the future of background checks?,” HRD, July 6, 2017, www.
hrmonline.ca, accessed July 10, 2018; Michael Bologna, “Social Media Strategies in Recruiting, Hiring Pose Legal Risks for Employers,”
Bloomberg BNA, April 21, 2014, http://www.bna.com; Jennifer Valentino-DeVries, “Bosses May Use Social Media to Discriminate against
Job Seekers,” Wall Street Journal, November 20, 2013, http://online.wsj.com.
PART 1
The Human
Resource Environment
CHAPTER 1
Strategies, Trends, and Opportunities for
Human Resource Management
CHAPTER 2
The Legal Context for HRM and Creating
Safe and Healthy Workplaces
CHAPTER 1
LO3 Explain the role of supervisors and managers in human resource management.
LO4 Describe trends in the composition and expectations of the labour force.
FIGURE 1.1
Total rewards
management
Performance
development
Analysis and
Recruiting
Selection
relations
Company
Performance
Sand, dem alle Scherze fatal waren, und den ich wenigstens nie
lächeln sah, antwortete darauf diese ernste Worte:
»Die Kraft, jegliche die Du hast, ist dem Vaterlande, damit du
ihm selbst heimbezahlen die unerlösliche Schuld für Sprache, Sitte
und Erziehung für den Boden, worauf Du groß geworden bist und
auf welchem Du Deine Thaten üben willst, für Alles was Du von ihm
hast. Dieses wollen wir wohl bedenken, — aber wollen wir dann
noch Wohlgefallen haben an der bisherigen Kleinheit, oder suchen
wir wieder die Größe und Erhabenheit der alten Zeit? Soll uns
endlich das ganze deutsche Land zum Tummelplatze werden, und
wollen wir uns eines Volkes erfreuen, daß nach altem Brauche den
mächtigen Schiedsrichter in Europa zu machen, berufen ist?«
Wir haben Ja gesagt und wollen dem nachleben. —
Jena, am Burschentage vom 29. März
bis 14. April 1818.
Dein deutscher Bruder C a r l S a n d,
G. G. B. aus dem Fichtelgebirge.
Merkwürdig war es, daß, als ich Sand Lebewohl sagen wollte, ich
denselben auf seinem Sopha liegend fand. Er schien eine
Anwandlung von Pleuresie zu haben, denn er griff mit der Hand
krampfhaft in die Seite und rief mir zu: »Lebewohl! ich sterbe an
diesem Stich in der Brust.« —
Als ich in Weimar den Postwagen bestieg um über Göttingen den
Rückweg nach Heidelberg zu machen, war mein Mitpassagier der
Sohn Kotzebue’s, den allerhand Spöttereien welche man aus Rache
seinem Vater, ich glaube bei einer maskirten Schlittenfahrt, angethan
hatte, von Jena vertrieben hatten und der Deutschland verließ, um
seine Studien in Dorpat zu beendigen. Er war ein liebenswürdiger
Mensch und ist eine der angenehmsten Bekanntschaften meines
Lebens.
Während ich diese Memoiren schreibe und nach einem von mir
entworfenen Schema die einzelnen Begebenheiten zu einer Schnur
zusammen reihe, komme ich mir vor wie ein Fährmann der bereits
vom Ufer abgestoßen ist, von demselben her aber noch immer ein
»Heda! nimm mich doch auch mit!« vernimmt. Die Erinnerungen
tauchen in mir zu Hunderten auf, ich muß alle Augenblick verneinen
um nicht gar zu viel Überfracht zu bekommen. Mir wird dabei
ängstlich, wie einem Reisenden, der auf der Schnellpost reiset und
nur 30 l̶b an Bagage frei hat. Und was zeigt sich da meinen Blicken?
Nichts weniger als ein Todter, ein Leichenhemd. Eine
Geistergeschichte, die, weil sie erlebt ist und wahrscheinlich noch
von einem Lebenden außer mir documentirt werden kann, wohl
berechtigt ist, noch als Passagier in das Schiff meiner Erzählung zu
steigen. — Das ganze ist eine sogenannte Vorahnung worin ich
überhaupt ziemlich stark bin, obgleich ich sonst nicht zu den
Sonntagskindern gehöre. Das mag indessen in meinem Blute liegen.
Träumte doch meinem ältesten Bruder, Peter von Kobbe, dem
Historiker, einem dreizehnjährigen Knaben, in der folgenden Nacht,
da sich das Ereigniß im mittelländischen Meere zugetragen hat, die
Schlacht bei Trafalgar, (mit Ausnahme dieses Namens) der Tod
Nelsons, die Zahl der von ihm eroberten Schiffe, das Datum der
Schlacht, die Nummer des Hamburger Correspondenten worin diese
gemeldet wurde, und der ganze Artikel, welcher den Sieg und die
Himmelfahrt Nelson’s enthielt. Sah er doch in Itzehoe in dem Hause
der Generalin H e d e m a n n einen Tag vorher die Leiche eines
Knaben in jedem Zimmer, der am andern Tage aufgefischt und in
das Haus der Generalin gebracht wurde. Mein Bruder, ein Mann von
seltener Gelehrsamkeit, der als rühmlichst bekannter
Geschichtsforscher dem legitimen Princip ergeben ist, hat für seinen
Kaßandratact die Undankbarkeit der Fürsten erfahren, welche ihm
ehren sollten, wie keinen seines Gleichen, und ihm ein Prytaneum
bauen. Ich bin aus zu luftiger Construction, weder für Aristokraten
noch für Democraten recht brauchbar, aus viel Respect gegen den
Himmel und aus viel Verachtung gegen die Erde zusammengesetzt
und daher ein Humorist geworden, oder besser gesagt, geblieben,
habe übrigens meine Qualität als Geisterseher, wovon ich noch
einige andere merkwürdige Beispiele erzählen könnte,
wahrscheinlich für dieses Leben verscherzt. Erzogen von einem
frommen Großvater im sogenannten Mysticismus, wofür ich übrigens
Gott als Poet noch auf meinen Knieen danke, habe ich alle meine
Sonntagskindseigenschaft durch eine ganz im Ernste gemeinte
Bemerkung meines Freundes v. St. verloren, welcher kurzsichtig war
und nach einer Relation mehrerer Geistergeschichten in einem Kreise
von Freunden sich höchst naiv über seinen Mangel an Aperception
von solchen Dingen mit den Worten darüber beklagte: »Ich kann
leider! keine Geister sehen, weil ich einen Geist nicht von einem
Bettlacken zu unterscheiden vermag.« Seit dem heftigen Gelächter,
worin ich damals über diese crassa minerva ausbrach, bin ich kein
Seher mehr, sondern nur noch höchstens ein Fühler geworden. Ich
fordre den Buchhändler Herrn Berndt zu Oldenburg hiemit zum
Zeugen auf, ob ich ihm nicht im Jahre 1832 als eine Neuigkeit erzählt
habe, d a ß i c h i n n e r h a l b d r e i Ta g e n e i n B e i n
b r e c h e n w ü r d e. Am zweiten Abend hatte ich durch ein bloßes
Ausgleiten die tibia zersprengt. —
Vielleicht hätte ich übrigens Restitution als Geisterseher
bekommen. Allein ich habe einen zu rationalistischen Weg
eingeschlagen, der mich bald ganz um meine Swedenborgschen
Eigenschaft bringen wird. Da nämlich der Zufall mich auf alle Weise
chicanirt, habe ich mich entutirt, denselben zu besiegen. Ich habe
ihn lieb gewonnen, wie Richard Savage seine grausame Mutter, ich
lasse nicht von ihm, ich erscheine ihm bald als Berliner, bald als
Braunschweiger, bald als Osnabrücker, d. h. ich spiele häufig in der
Lotterie, und verwende alle meine Sehergaben dabei um einen
großen Gewinn zu ergattern. Ja, mein Streben geht soweit, daß
wenn ich in stiller Mitternacht zu meiner villa kehre, welche vor dem
Heiligengeistthore unfern des Kirchhofes liegt, und den Todtenweg
hinunter wandre, auf dem es bekanntlich in dieser Stunde nicht
recht richtig ist, — — sobald mir irgend ein Geist begegnet, sei es
ein edler Hingeschiedener im unversehrten Todtengewande oder nur
so ein Lump in der Form des Bettlakens, ich sogleich rufe: »Bester!
oder Beste, welche Nummer in der Preußischen oder in der
Braunschweigischen Lotterie wird das große Loos gewinnen?« Die
Verstorbenen müssen allerhöchste Ordre haben, auf diese epinöse
Frage, vielleicht aus Furcht, daß der souveraine Zufall sie doch
nachher blamirt, nicht zu antworten; sogleich wenden sie sich. Wenn
man darauf losgeht sind sie verschwunden und man muß sich Mund
und Augen wischen, in denen sich dann höchstens von der ganzen
Erscheinung, noch etwas alter Weibersommer befindet.
Doch zur Sache. — Ich logirte in Jena bei zwei Gebrüder B. aus
Mecklenburg, welche in der Apotheke am Markt wohnten. Eines
Tages ging ich mit Sand und einem Andern, dessen Name mir
entfallen ist, ich glaube aber es war der jetzige Professor L e o in
Halle über das forum vor das Thor, um einen Platz zu suchen, wo wir
am 3. März zur Feier der Einnahme von Paris eine Eiche pflanzen
wollten, welches auch an dem fraglichen Tage mit großer
Feierlichkeit vollführt worden ist. Ich beklagte mich, daß der Taback
schlecht sei und daß ich um mich Sächsisch-Weimarsch-Eisenachsch
auszudrücken, den L a u s e w e n z e l nicht mehr b l e f f e n möge.
»Ei!« bemerkten meine Begleiter, »wenn Du sechs gute Groschen für
das Viertelpfund anwenden willst, so gehe nur in den Kramladen da,
dicht neben der Sonne, da kannst Du Hamburger J u s t u s
bekommen.« »Hängt!« (das lateinische accipio) entgegnete ich
burschikos und ging in das mir bezeichnete Kaufhaus, worin sich der
Krämer mit seinem Lehrburschen befand. Die Anderen warteten
meiner draußen. —
Ich foderte den mir bezeichneten Taback. Der Kaufherr erklärte
mir, daß die fragliche Sorte auf dem Boden liege, daß er sie mir
holen wolle. Aber in demselben Augenblicke sah ich diesen guten
Mann als L e i c h e auf einem Paradebett. Die Vision schwand
indessen sogleich und beängstigte mich eben auch nicht sehr, denn
es war heller Mittag. —
Nichts desto weniger bemerkte ich dem Ladenjungen: »Geben
Sie Acht Ihr Herr stirbt bald.« »Ei warum entgegnete dieser, er ist ja
kerngesund.« »Er ist so corpulent,« versetzte ich, hiedurch
Entscheidungsgründe für mein Gottes-Urtheil suchend.
»O das hat nichts zu bedeuten,« versetzte der Lehrling. »Ich
kenne den Herrn schon seit vielen Jahren, er hat immer so
ausgesehen.«
In dem Augenblicke kam der Kaufmann und überreichte mir das
Paquet Taback. Ich zahlte, glotzte ihn noch einmal an und fühlte nun
wohl daß ich mich total geirrt hatte. Er sah in der That kerngesund
aus.
Wenn man im Norden einen Bauer fragt: »Freund! wie weit habe
ich bis zu X.?« so hört man nicht selten die Antwort: »Eine Pfeife
Taback.« Es wird von den Antwortenden darunter eine gewisse Zeit
verstanden. In diesem Sinne kann ich von einem Viertelpfund Taback
weiter referiren. Ich blies meine letzte Pfeife nach wenigen Tagen
aus dem zweiten Stock der Jenaer Marktapotheke in die Luft, als ich
vor dem bereits erwähnten Kramladen, dicht an der Sonne, einen
Leichenzug halten sah.
Ich gestehe, nie in meinem Leben von einer solchen innern Angst
ergriffen worden zu sein, als an dem fraglichen Nachmittage. »Seht
Ihr,« rief ich aus, abermals eine Vision wähnend, mit dem Finger
nach dem Kramladen zeigend, »seht Ihr was dort vorgeht?«
»Es ist ein Leichenzug,« war die, aus dem Munde der
Gegenwärtigen einstimmig hervordringende Antwort.
In Bremen lebt ein geistreicher Schiffsmackler Namens
H e i n e k e n, der erste und vielleicht der einzigste, welcher nach
einem Compaß von Schwedisch nach Russisch Lappland gesteuert
ist. Zehn Tage und zehn Nächte hat derselbe sich mit gefrorner Milch
und Fleisch vom Rennthier und mit Branntwein genährt, und schon
die Hoffnung aufgegeben, je wieder menschliche Wohnungen in
diesen Schnee- und Eisgefilden zu finden, als er endlich am eilften
an einem Tannengehölz gekommen ist, aus dem ein Hundegebell
ihm die Nähe von bald gefundenen Menschen verkündigt hat. »Nie,«
pflegte er oft zu sagen, »hat mich eine menschliche Stimme, nie der
Ton einer Sängerin so entzückt, wie dies Wau-Wau eines
unvernünftigen Thieres.«
So war auch mir zu Muthe, als ich merkte, daß meine
Erscheinung kein Spuck sei, sondern diesmal wirklich Realität hatte.
Neugierde und Tabacksbedürfniß führten mich indessen noch an
demselben Tage in das Haus des Krämers, dessen Tod mir die
Nachbarn bestätigt hatten. Im Anfang gab der Bursch mir sorglos die
verlangte herba nicotiana; als ich ihn aber an meinen prophetischen
Spruch erinnerte, wurde er kreidebleich und rief aus: »I Herr Jesus
es ist wahr, Sie haben den Tod meines Herrn vorausgesagt, er ist
noch an demselben Abend, da Sie zuletzt hier waren am Schlagfluß
gestorben.«
Ich überlasse die nähere Anatomie dieser Geschichte den
Medizinern, Philosophen und selbst den, bald hiezu berechtigt
werdenden Wassertrinkern, wahr ist sie auf Cerevis und Ehrenwort.
Überhaupt lüge ich nie, habe es auch nicht nöthig. Denn warum? Es
wäre dies ein abscheulicher Luxus. Mir passirt Gott sei Dank! und
Gott leider! vielmehr, als sich die tollste Fieberphantasie auszubrüten
vermag, und vor allen auf Reisen; ich brauche oft nur das Erlebte zu
schildern um zu riskiren, daß man mich für einen Münchhausen hält.
Zwar gilt von mir auch der Göthische Vers:
Ich bin vigilant und Vigilantibus, »jura sunt scripta« sagen wir
Juristen. Zudem versäume ich nicht leicht eine Gelegenheit, um
meinen Abentheuerschatz zu bereichern. Wenn ich reise und es
bricht in dem Orte wo ich mich befinde, sei es auch in der weit
entferntesten Vorstadt, Feuer aus, so stehe ich auf und eile hin, wie
ein guter Landesherr, weil ich mich für einen humoristischen Prinzen
von Geblüt ansehe, dem zu Ehren das Feuerwerk gegeben wird.
Hiebei fällt mir wieder eine Erzählung aus dem Philisterio ein, die
an das Unglaubliche gränzt und meinen Satz schlagend
bewahrheitet. Also wieder ein Passagier der in mein Schiff springt.
Ich besitze das Talent, so ziemlich jeden Dialect zu copiren, und
ein wie schlechtes musicalisches Ohr ich auch habe, so scharf und
sicher höre ich doch aus jeder Rede des einzelnen Deutschen den
Ort seiner Geburt oder besser gesagt, seiner Erziehung, und bin
dabei im Stande die meisten gehörten Idiome zu reproduciren.
Hiebei will ich eine Historie zum Besten geben, welche der
Vergangenheit entrissen zu werden verdient. —
Vor ungefähr 6 bis 8 Jahren saß ich in den Gasthof hôtel de
Russie in Oldenburg an der table d’hôte, mir zur Rechten der noch
lebende Agent Herr J ü r g e n s, am Ende der Tafel ein
Hannoverscher Officier Herr Major M a g i u s, welcher mit seinem
Nachbar sich über Paganini unterhielt.
»Können Sie nun wohl rathen, was der Officier für ein
Landsmann ist? raunte mir mein Nachbar zu.« —
Ich besann mich, auf die Rede des Majors horchend, dann aber
sage ich: »Der Herr spricht wie ein L ü b e c k e r.«
»Wollen Sie eine Flasche Wein darauf wetten?« lächelte Herr
Jürgens scherzend.
»Die ist gehalten,« entgegnete ich.
Ich wartete nun bis Herr Magius einen Punct in der Rede hatte
und bat ihn dann da wir eben eine Wette gemacht hätten, um
Bescheid was er für ein Landsmann sei.
»Das werden Sie nun und nimmer rathen,« versetzte der Herr
Major ablehnend, und gab dann eine Menge, mich freilich nicht von
meiner Juryüberzeugung abbringende Gründe an, weshalb es
unmöglich sei, daß ich seine Heimath errathe. Mir ist nur der, seines
längern Aufenthaltes in Italien vor allen noch erinnerlich. —
Endlich schloß der Redner: »Ich will Ihnen nur sagen, daß ich ein
geborner L ü b e c k e r bin.«
»Ich danke Herr Major! ich habe meine Wette gewonnen.«
Während mein Treffer dem Herrn Magius wol etwas magisch
vorkommen mochte, ich hingegen mich des Triumphzuges meines
Steckenpferdes freute, erhob sich ein jüdischer Kaufmann, welcher
mir die viel kitzlichere Frage stellte ob ich wol merken könne woher
er denn sei.
Das war eine sehr schwere Nuß. Man weiß, daß der Dialect der
Juden eben so selten wie ihr Herz an einer Provinz gebunden ist,
und wenn der Frager auch zu den Gebildeten seines Volkes gehörte,
so war er doch nicht frei von der mosaischen Pronunciation. —
Indessen gab ein Gott mir doch folgende Antwort in die Seele:
»Ich kann aus Ihrem angebornen Dialect nicht recht klug
werden. Bald reden Sie wie ein Nordhesse, bald wie ein Hamburger.«
»Wunderbar!« rief der besiegte Sphinx, »Ich bin in Bückeburg
geboren und erzogen, allein seit zehn Jahren in Hamburg etablirt.«
Mit diesem Knalleffect ist meine Geschichte noch nicht aus.
Sie kam mir nämlich etwa anderthalb Jahre später, an einer
Abendtafel in demselben Hause, als von Dialecten die Rede war,
wieder in den Sinn. Ich erzählte sie den um mich her sitzenden
Oldenburgern.
Der Obergerichtsanwald Herr H a h n e bemerkte scherzend, daß
man wol daran gewöhnt sei, nie eine Unwahrheit zu hören, daß
diese Geschichte mit dem Bückeburger Juden doch zu sehr in das
Gebiet des Unglaublichen gehe, und wenigstens auf einer Täuschung
beruhen müsse.
Leider war Herr Jürgens nicht zugegen. —
Die Möglichkeit eines Zweifels an meiner Rede jagte mir das Blut
in das Gesicht. —
Das Roth aber ist die Farbe der Schuld wie der Unschuld. Es ist
die Leibfarbe des Defensors wie des Anklägers.
Man schien dem meinigen eine böse Deutung zu geben.
Der Gedanke war höchst peinigend.
Da erhob sich ein deus ex machina im Hintergrunde an der
Wirthstafel.
»Ich kann die Geschichte eidlich bezeugen,« rief es aus, »sie ist
mir passirt.« — Und siehe! ich erkannte meinen bis dahin nicht
beachteten Bückeburger-Hamburger, dessen Persönlichkeit bereits
aus meinem Gedächtniß desertirt war.
Schon während der ersten Tage meiner Ankunft in Jena war Wit
v. Dörring als Fuchs dort angelangt. Es waren schon unterweges
Zeichen und Wunder mit ihm geschehen, man hatte ihm in Erfurt
seinen ganzen Wechsel gestohlen.
Dieser rubricirte Exdemagoge, der in den neuern Zeiten eine so
verschiedene Beurtheilung erfahren hat, verrieth schon in seiner
Jugend seltene Anlagen. In seinem vierten Jahre hielt er vor seiner
vortrefflichen, jetzt verstorbenen Mutter ganze Predigten aus dem
Stegreife. Seine Mitschüler, zu denen ich auch gehörte, liebten ihn.
Zu allen Aufopferungen bereit, zeigte er ein liebenswürdiges Herz.
Sein Hang zum Mysticismus aber blieb in seiner Seele und er redete
oft wie ein Missionär. Das aber verdroß den alten Doctor G u r l i t t,
der damals Director des Johannei in Hamburg war, welches Wit von
Altona aus frequentirte. Gurlitt sprach oft von orthodoxen
Rindfleischseelen, und pflegte die Mystiker Hechte zu nennen.
Ein Tag in jedem Monat war zu öffentlichen Redeübungen in den
verschiedenen Sprachen bestimmt. Wit hatte das Thema: »Wer die
Gottheit fassen will, der ist verloren,« gewählt und sprach mit
ergreifenden Worten, aber manche dunkle Deutung war in seine
blumenreiche Rede gewirkt. Mit komischem Ernste betrachtete ihn
der alte Schulmonarch. Zitternd ging er zu ihm als er geendet hatte,
und eine große Thräne entperlte den Augen des gutmeinenden
Greises. »Liebes Kind, ich fürchte am Ende, Sie glauben an den
Teufel?« rief er bebend. »Ja, Herr Doctor,« versetzte Wit sich
verbeugend: »den lasse ich mir nicht nehmen!« »Armer junger
Mensch,« versetzte Gurlitt betrübt: »wie oft werden Sie noch die
Alten vertiren und revertiren müssen, ehe Sie zur richtigen Ansicht in
der Religion gelangen!«
Nach wenigen Tagen hatten sich sämmtliche Abgeordnete
eingefunden. In dem Burschenhause, dessen Wirth der altdeutsch
gewordene S e n f t war und zu dem man durch ein enges Gäßchen
vom Markt aus geht, wurden unsere Versammlungen vom 29. März
bis zum 3. April 1818 gehalten. Wir saßen an einem Tisch der mit
schwarzem Tuch behangen, welches mit goldenen und rothen
Frangen, unsern Farben, verbrämt war. Die Sitzungen waren
öffentlich, doch trennte eine Barriere die Deputirten von den
Zuhörern, welchen zwar auch zu reden vergönnt war aber erst dann,
wenn der Präsident ihnen das Wort bewilligt hatte. —
Vor zehn Jahren habe ich die Verhandlungen, welche ich der
Heidelberger Burschenschaft übergeben, ohne daß ich eine Abschrift
davon behalten hatte — in einem kleinen Hannoverschen Ort, bei
einem jungen Staatsdiener zu meiner großen Freude
wiedergefunden und zum Geschenk erhalten. Ich stehe nicht an
dieselben mitzutheilen, theils um jene Gerüchte zu wiederlegen, als
habe jener Burschencongreß die geringste revolutionäre Tendenz
gehabt, theils um darzuthun, daß man im Anfang durch Mißgriffe die
Studenten wie schon erwähnt zu Zeloten und Märtyrern gemacht
hat.
Wahrlich! ich verpflichte mich unter Garantie meines Kopfs, eine
ganze Universität von funfzehnhundert Studenten, in der besten
Ordnung in der loyalsten Stimmung und ferne von jeder Aufregung
zu halten, ihre Phantasie zu beschäftigen ohne sie zu verbrennen
und durch die Burschen fortwährend selbst von ihren geheimsten
Gedanken in Kenntniß gesetzt zu werden. Aber man muß auch das
Gemüth haben auf die Jugend zu wirken und sie ruhig gewähren
lassen, wenn sie in die Sackgassen der Phantasie laufen. Sie
kommen schon von selbst zurück und schlagen dann beschämt die
Augen nieder.
»Pueri sunt pueri, pueri puerilia tractant.«
Beglaubigte Abschrift der Protocolle, gehalten in der
Abgeordneten-Versammlung zu Jena.
Protocoll,
gehal ten in der Versammlung der Abgeordneten
verschiedener Deutscher Hochschulen, zu Jena
am 29. März 1818.
F. D. —
L. L. — } für K ö n i g s b e r g.
C. F. L. —
D. E. — } für L e i p z i g.
E. B. — für M a r b u r g.
A. B. —
A. v. B. — } für B e r l i n.
T. v. K. — für H e i d e l b e r g.
F. S. —
D. — } für H a l l e.
W. W. — für R o s t o c k.
Folgen die Unterschriften.
Protocoll,
gehal ten in der Versammlung der Abgeordneten
Morgens den 30. März.