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Pure Substance

The document contains various thermodynamic problems related to steam and refrigeration cycles, including calculations for dryness fraction, external work done, internal latent heat, mass and volume of liquid and vapor, heat supplied, entropy, enthalpy, and power requirements. It also discusses the operation of a vapour compression refrigeration cycle and the conditions for smooth ice skating on ice. Each problem requires the application of steam tables and thermodynamic principles to find the required values.

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Satyanarayan Panda
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7 views

Pure Substance

The document contains various thermodynamic problems related to steam and refrigeration cycles, including calculations for dryness fraction, external work done, internal latent heat, mass and volume of liquid and vapor, heat supplied, entropy, enthalpy, and power requirements. It also discusses the operation of a vapour compression refrigeration cycle and the conditions for smooth ice skating on ice. Each problem requires the application of steam tables and thermodynamic principles to find the required values.

Uploaded by

Satyanarayan Panda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Calculate the dryness fraction of steam which has 1.

5 kg of water in
suspension with 50 kg of steam?
If the certain amount of steam is produce at a pressure 8 bar and
dryness fraction is 0.8 calculate
1. External work done during evaporation.
2. Internal latent heat.
A vessel having a volume of 0.6 m3 contains 3.0 kg of liquid water
vapour mixture in equilibrium at a pressure of 0.5 MPa. Calculate
using steam table
1. Mass and volume of liquid
2. Mass and volume of vapour.
A quantity of steam at 10 bar and 0.85 dryness occupies 0.15 m3.
determine the heat supplied to raise the temperature of the steam to
300 0C at constant pressure and percentage of this heat which appears
as external work. Cp steam = 2.2 kJ/kg-K
Find the entropy of 1 kg of superheated steam at a pressure of 12 bar
and a temperature of 250 0C. Take specific heat of superheated steam
at 2.1 kJ/kg-K.
1 kg of steam at 8 bar, entropy 6.55 kJ/kg-K is heated reversibly at
constant pressure until the temperature is 200 oC. Calculate the heat
supplied and show on a T-s diagram the area which represent the heat
flow.
In a Rankine cycle, the steam at inlet to turbine is saturated at a
pressure of 35 bar and the exhaust pressure is 0.2 bar. Calculate
enthalpies at all points (use steam table).
A spherical vessel of 0.9 m3 capacity contains steam at 8 bar and 0.9
dryness fraction. Steam is blown off until the pressure drops to 4 bar.
The valve is then closed and steam is allowed to cool until the pressure
falls to 3 bar. Assuming that the enthalpy of steam in the vessel
remains content during blowing off period. determine,
1. Mass of the steam blown off
2. The dryness fraction of steam in the vessel after cooling
3. The heat lost by steam per kg during cooling.
In a steam nozzle the steam expands from 4 bar to 1 bar. The initial
velocity is 60 m/s and the initial temperature is 200 oC. Determine the
exit velocity if the nozzle efficiency is 92%.
A 210 MW steam turbine inlet at 100 bar 500 0C and condenser
pressure is 0.0662 bar. If internal efficiency is 0.78 find isentropic
enthalpy drop, actual enthalpy drop specific volume at inlet and
outlet. Condenser is under cooled by 2 0C.
A throttling calorimeter is used to measure the dryness fraction of the
steam at 8 bar. The steam after passing through the colorimeter is at 1
bar pressure and 115 0C temperature. Calculate dryness fraction of cps =
2.1 kJ/kg-K
Steam at 10 bar and 0.9 dryness fraction is throttled to a pressure of 2
bar. Determine the exit condition of steam using Mollier’s chart.
In a standard vapour compression refrigeration cycle, operating
between evaporator temperature -10 0C and condenser temperature 40
0C. The enthalpy of refrigerant, Freon-12 at the end of compression is

220 kJ/kg. show the cycle on T-s diagram and calculate COP.

t 0C P(MPa) hf(kJ/kg) hg(kJ/kg)


-10 0.2191 26.85 183.1
40 0.9607 74.53 203.1
A Freon-12 refrigerator producing a cooling effect of 20 kJ/s operates
on VCRS with pressure limits of 1.509 bar and 9.607 bar. Vapour leaves
the evaporator dry saturated and there is no undercooling. Determine
power required?

Temp. Ps(bar) vg(m3/kg) Enthalpy Entropy Specific


0C heat
hf hg sf sg
-20 1.509 0.1088 17.8 178.61 0.073 0.7082 -
40 9.607 - 74.53 203.05 0.2716 0.682 0.747
A vapour compression heat pump is driven by a power cycle having a
thermal efficiency of 25%. for the heat pump, refrigerant -12 is
compressed from saturated vapour at 2.0 bar to the condenser
pressure of 12 bar. The isentropic efficiency of the compressor is 80%
saturated liquid enters the expansion valve at 12 bar for the power
cycle 80% of the heat rejected by it is transferred to the heated space
which has a total heating requirement of 500 kJ/min. determine the
power input to the heat pump compressor. R-12
Pr (bar) Temp. h s Cp
(0C) hf hg sf sg
2.0 -12.53 24.57 182.07 0.0992 0.7035 0.7
12.0 49.31 84.21 206.24 0.3015 0.6799 kJ/kg-K
The evaporator and condenser temperature of 20 tonnes capacity
refrigerator are -28 0C and 23 0C respectively. The R-22 is subcooled by
3 0C before it enters the expansion valve and is superheated to 8 0C
before leaving the evaporator. The compression is isentropic,
1. Refrigerating effect
2. Theoretical power
3. COP
An ice skate is able to glide over the ice because the skate blade exerts
sufficient pressure on the ice that a thin layer of ice is melted. The
skate blade then glides over this thin melted water layer. Determine
the pressure an ice skate blade must exert to allow smooth ice skate at
-10 0C. The following data is given for the range of temperature and
pressure involved.
hfg(ice) = 334 kJ/kg, vliq = 1 × 103 m3/kg; vice = 1.01 × 103 m3/kg

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