present perfect simple affirmative '/You/We/They have (‘ve) She / He /t has (3) (past participle) negative '/You/We/They have not (haven't/'ve not) decided. She/Ne/it 1s not (hasn't! ’s not) questions Have I/you/we/they decided? Has she he /it Where have you put it? she done? short answers Yes, Wyou/we/they have. No, Wyou/we/they — haven't she/he it has. she/he /it hasn't. Regular verbs use -ed form as the past participle. Irregular verbs have irregular forms. verb pastsimple —_past participle wait (regula) waited waited see (irregular) saw seen See the List of irregular verbs on page 206. @=) Use present perfect simple © to describe an event in the past without a definite time. moone has broken a window in our classrcom @ to describe what someone has completed or achieved in a period of time. I've finished my homework, and I've clesned my room. @ to describe how many things someone has done. Scientists have found more than 30 unknown insects @ to describe someone's experiences, what he or she has done in life, Wve travelled by plane, but | haven't flown in a helicopter @ to describe changes, comparing past and present. ‘Our climate has become much warmer, action verb happening in a period of time up to the present, exact time not known PD acta he cP cise eae rent 292 PRESENT Someone has broken a windowWe often use time words and phrases with present perfect simple to make the meaning clear. ‘st, recently Someane has just broken a window Scientists have recently found more than 30 unknown insects, ever? never Have you ever flown in a helicopter? I've never travelled by plone. already (sooner than expected) I've already finished my homework. It was easy! yet? (we expect something to happen soon) Have you finished yet? ot... yet (for things which have nat happened so far) Peter hasn't phoned yet. I'm still waiting for and since We use for with a lenath of time. ‘She's worked here for ten years We use since with a point of time to describe when the period of tune be They've lived here since 2001, been and gone 4 number of astronauts have been to the Moon. {and have returned) The space probe Voyager has gone past the planet Neptune. (it hasn't returned ) 1. Complete the sentence using a verb from the list in present perfect simple form. collect tall rganize a plant putup recycle replace send show ‘What we have done to uke our school a greener place é awe. sont Information leafets to all parents informavon posters in every classroom. ‘over five tonnes of litter for reeycling fifween trees in front of the school. 50 Hight bulbs widh energy-saving bulbs. 25 ink eareridges from computer printers e238 2223% three films about how to save energy. signs on all the doors reminding people to turn off the lights. five new energy-saving heaters. teams of students to turn off unused fights 2. Read these sentences about fish. Then put the verb in brackets into present pertect simple form. 2 About 15% of protein eaten by fuamans {Many fish (not reproduce) (always come) haS alias come from fish. fast enough to replace thelr numbers. b_ Recently, however, the number of fish (fall) 9 The population of North Sea cod, for example, (reach) a dangerous level. Several things (cause this fy EU Laws (reduce) the problem. ‘numbers of fishing boats. 4d Most scientists agree that governments (not do) i Asa result, many fishermen in traditional fishing enough to ports (lose) their jobs. overtishing j In recent years, fish in the UK (become) This means that fish populations (grow) expensive, and many smaller. people (stop) cating it3 Use the prompts to make a question. you / ever / see a humming bird? Have you ever cern a hureing bird? > It’s the world smallest bird. b you /ever / read War ant Pe v's one of the longest 19th-cer ? ? jury novels. ¢ you / ever / visit San Marino? ? It’s Europe's second smallest country. d_ you / ever / swim in the Pacific Ocean? ? Iv’s the largest ocean in the world. © you / ever / take a trip to the Sal set? ? Is one of the hottest places in the world, & Complete each sentence with one of the time words in the list. You will need to use some words more than once. yet for alieady since In the laboratory .. a ‘Haven't you lett ged y b ‘No. ve been here 8.00 this momin; © ‘Have you checked the results of the experiment r J ‘Yes, Ive. done that, ce Weeks. Unfortunately we haven't 2 ‘We've worked on Uns project thy discovered anything interesting, . £ ‘No, nothing has happened last Tuesday.” 9 ‘Yes, know, I've seen your report. hy ‘So Fm going to do the experiment again. But [haven't started it i ‘Don't bother. I've started it, P havent checked but [think we're going to get the same results.” 5 Complete the sentence with have been or have gone. 2 Two scientists from a laboratory in Oxford a have gone to Antarctica, and will stay there for three months. They there to investigate the effects of global warming on, the polar ice. Colle 1 Oxtord, who to Antarctica on earlier expeditions, will keep in touch with them by radio, b A team from London has arrived in China. Th there to join a project aur eggs. “We c (not) to China which is searching for the fossil remains of ¢ before,’ said tear leader Mark fo there is a similar project.’ © A dangerous spider is missing from a private zoo in Manchester. ‘Herbie Is a Brazilian hey “said spokesperson A0 A where though two of us f wandering spider, and we're not sure whe Graham. ‘He only arrived In the Zoo last month, so he h (not) here tong. Alot of children i to the zoo in the past few days, and we are worried that someone has taken Herbie, or that he | ‘out in somebody's pocket, and they don't know about it!6 Use the prompts to make a present perfect simple question about scientific advances. r Then answer yes or no. Check the factual answers on page 208. ‘a. scientists / discover a cure for the common cold? Have. Scientists discovered a cure For the common cold? people / live for long periods in space? © human beings / land on Mars yet? scientists / invent time travel yet? © doctors / manage to transplant human hearts? {archaeologists / find the lost city of Atlantis? 4g scientists / ever teach an animal to talk? 7 Read the text about climate change. Choose the correct form, Aor B, to complete the sentence. Ac the moment, scientists agree that the worlds climate» 8 Some believe that human activities climnaeeleange. They argue that for 1,000 or 2,000 years before 1850, when records athe Leiperature was more oF less stable. hort warm or cold periods during, that time, but the climate always © to the same level. However, since the Industrial Revolution, human beings more and more {638i 8 such as £631 and gil. In 1800 the atMiOSBHEFE « around 280 parts per million of carbon dioxide (CO,). Since then there kh an increase of about 31% This extra carbon dioxide | the world’s temperature because of the greenhouseleffect: Other scientists disagree that human activities over the past 50 years | gObALLWTTAG, They point out that voleanoes and euler natural processes i CO, into the atmosphere, and that human activity | a rise in CO, of only three per cent. In 1999, 156 countries 113 the Kyoto protocol, part of a United Nations agreement on climate change, wl he imo force in 2005.They © to reduce their emissions of CO, and other _gFCENHOUKE AES although so far, some countries, such as the USA and Australia,» any action, A become b A caused © A began A occurred © A returned {A burned 9 A contained h Awas i Araised j Accoused k A alwoys released 1 A contibuted mA signed n Acome © Agreed pA did not toke B has become B have caused B hove begun B have occurred B has returned B have burned B has contained B has been B has roised B have caused B have always released 1 has contributed B have signed B has come B have ogreed B have not tokenExercises Br Read the situations and complete the sentences using the present perfect. Choose from these = verbs: break disappear goup grow improve lose shrink stop 1 Toms looking for his key. He can’t find it > Marta’s English wasn't very good. Now itis better. My bag was here, but it isn’t here any more « isa can’t walk and her leg isin plaster. Last week the bus fare was £1.80. Nowit is £2 Dan didn't have a beard before. Now he has a beard Itwas raining ten minutes ago. Itisn't raining now. Iwashed my sweater, and nowit’s too small far me. [EBB putin been or gone. 1 My parents are on holiday. They've ...gone... totaly. Hello! I've just 3 Tom has just... You're very late. Where have you... 2 Complete the sentences using the present perfect. 1 Sally is still here, ...She hasn't. gone. I can't find my bag, - I can'tlog on to the website. I sent Joe an email this morning, but . Is the meeting still going on, or Tom Was, lost. hie. key, Her English My bag, (sg eee The bus fare . Dan ft My smeater . tothe shops. I've bought lots of things out. He'll be back in about an hour. Alice isn’t here at the moment. | don't know where she’s (she / not / go) out, (you / see / it) anywhere? (I /forget) my password. soonnns (he (not f reply) (it /finish)? (the weather /change), It's colder now (you / not / sign) the form. Could you sign it now, please? § Are your friends still here, or Paul doesn't know what he’s going to do. (he / not / decide / yet) 19 ‘Doyou know where Juliais?” “Yes, 11 ‘When is David going away?” * 2k (they / go) home? (I/just /see /hen)” (he / already / go) (your course / start / yet)? & Notyet. Itstartsnot week, (PD Read the situations and write sentences with just, already or yet. | Mter lunch you go to see a friend at her house. She says, ‘Would you like something to eat” You say: Nothankyou, ...l've. just had. lunch... (have lunch) 2 Joe goes out. Five minutes later, the phone rings and the caller says, Can I speak to Joe?” You say: Fm afraid = (goout) + You are eating ina restaurant. The waiter thinks you have finished and starts to take your plate aay. ‘You say: Wait a minute! (not / finish) ‘You plan to eat at a restaurant tonight. You phone to reserve a table. Later your friend says, ‘Shall l phone to reserve a table?’ You say: No, (do it) You kno that Lisa is looking for a place to live. Perhaps she has been successful “You ask her -? (find) You are still thinking about where to go for your holiday. A friend asks, ‘Where are you going, for your holiday? You say (not / decide) 7 Laura went out, but afew minutes, ago she returned. Somebody asks, Is Laura still out?" You say: No, (come back) 15Exercises [EY vou ask peopte about things they have done. Write questions with ever. 1 (ride /horse?) Have. youever.ridden.a. horse? 2 (be/ California?) Have. 3 (run/marathon?) - _ - (speak / famous person?) Aon (most beautiful place / visit?) What's [EE] complete B's answers, Some sentences are positive and some negative, Use these verbs: be be eat happen have have mect play read see try A BD Dip inter =the A 1 /( What's Marks sister lke?) (venoidea,..We.nevee. met | | Is everything going well? ‘Yes, we...haven't. had... any problems so far. | 3 Areyouhungry? | | Yes. | much today a] Can you play chess? | | Yes, but for any 5 | ‘Areyou enjoying yourholiday? | Yes,it’sthe best holiday. for along.time. 6 What's that book about? | Nice ait. | 7 IsBrussels an interesting place? |_| I'veno idea. there & | Thearyourcar brokedown again | Yesit's the second time | | yesterday. | | thismonth Do you like caviar? | don't know. it | 10 | Mike was late forworkagain today. |_| Again? He late every day thisweek, | 21 Who'sthatwoman bythe door?) | I don't know. soherbefore, (9) write four sentences about yourself. Use I haven't and choose from the boxes. usedacomputer _ travelled bybus eaten any fruit been tothe cinema read a book lost anything today , this week wl haven't. used..a. computer, today, recently 2 7 7 a comme forages 3 an seo : since ... 4. en ~ this year (2) Read the situations and complete the sentences, 1 Jackis driving a car for the first time, He's very nervous and not sure what to do __lt's. the. first, time. he’s. driven...a car. 2 Some children at the 200 are looking at a giraffe. They've never seen one before. It's the first time. _apiratte. 2 Sueis nding horse. She doesn't look very confident or comfortable, She before 4 Joe and Lisa are on holiday in Japan. They've been to Japan once betore Thisis the second time ...n-— Emilyis staying at the Prince Hotel. She stayed there afew years ano It's not the first pe -this hotel © Ben is playing tennis for the first time. He's a complete beginner. anewen! ui a before. W(go) home, bath Monger. Helen {jo} 0 New York fora holiday, but she’s back home in London nov belong A ste : Yes,1 (have) headache, butts OK now. are you 0X?) EET Ae the undertined parts of these sentences OK? Correct them where necessary. Did you hea’ out Sophie? She's piven up hee job ok, My mother grew up. the car, but now it's dirty again, ws been born? shopping, She'll be back in about an hour Einstein has been the scientist who has developed the theory of relativity. [BED put the verb into the correct form, present perfect or past simple. Ut stopped...raining for a while, but now it's raining again, (it/ stop) The town where I live is very different now. ....é. has, changed....a lot. (it /change) { studied German at school, but. c mostof itnow. (I/ forget) The police. - ‘three people, but later they let them go. (arrest) that do you think of my English? Do you think 2 (it /improve) Are you ready to go? your coffee? (you / finish) for ajob as a tour guide, but I wasn't successful. (I/ apply) Where's my bike? ‘outside the house, but it's not there now. (it/ be) Quick! Weneed to call an ambulance i an accident, (there / be) & Tye found my phone. &: Oh, good. Where. it? (you /find) * at the bottom of my bag, (it /be) 4: Ben won't be able to play tennis for a whi & Oh, How ° 7 (that /happen) A off a ladder. (He /fall) his arm, (He /break) ruExercises UKE Convent there ibvere neeansary, uh sib Wd, yy vat (EOI Ave tte tanner itveat atta of Hee awtttone SP tat iny boy. Pott tol apt Have yuh eaten bt if yvorty yan yon ee Doni ea te tens oe Ve Lonphit nto it yar WWhete fhave yan beet yententy even? Mati fon tefiee aed iy bare Hay toahiat fa Bike Have you saan hint Haye You Dect fy Pavia de, ean Hay wery Huagy Hhaven Geter viie ht When Bas this bribe been bia? BLEED Hate son 100k hath /thity wee (ve wweathien (He fel /reeenthy) Mie weather (cot last werk) A (iat feat aang taal yestentay) ” (iaity feann/atat tinge g (Ae year (elie rial oan (se ancl hist peat) (ye (Have fa holiday covertly?) (OEY rar the vert tata the vo yD haven't been 11/10 fle) ter anae, bat et annived Catrive) ahigut ten rninites ofp Wet flee) melt bat night (Myore fo) sii gens tie last nee, tihete /he) ne hase (wonky ins boank fo Hy pears Sher hay 1 (hone thie wonite in tinarits, Wow the present perfect or past siege, WU hison't vtnied this vee (nat feat /any fant 11 form, present perfert or past simile, Haut ane ney, Hastie Valve ve} iiupy Ho iv Dutl Ho yaar asa yatener he Many lve My qanntlather (W/ revert (need) hie lout have Karen's tuesbanul We neatly lane Hille, atu thes flge) there: ail her lf dle) bere Pare baat (1 / meres frneet) bien Jove) Mantis all nr “tn whee he on {yous [poy to the einer last niet? fy Yes, bul the move (ye) atul A Hb /loey very nani) ere since wre anriveds it [hey sh degrees yesterday Ye, A Where de yen tive? by In Boston f How ony Where ‘Av how lot OO wine 1 (something you Havent lon tony) shingzyeu haven't dene today) reting yo i'd yetonday) fume yon dil ester cay veri feametiang yo tae dene recent) nipryone've clone alot recently) bw Five years (yoy [rey here? Inchicag yout Hive) bekone tat? ’ (jou [Ne Clue ager? a Soo years cox about yourself using the ideasin brackets, J haven't eaten any frat today, al IA (yes 09 OA), AAD Mages HE TD oo Adit V) 29Exercises Wl | LEB Are the underlined parts of these sentences OK? Correct them where necessary. 1 fe lost my key, can't find it anywhere, Ok Have you eaten a lat of sweets when you were a child? Did. you eat ve bought a new car. You must come and see it 4 Lye bought a new car last week, Where have you been yesterday evening? Maria has left school in 1999 I'm looking for Mike. Have you seen him? “Have you been to Paris?” "Yes, many times. 4 Tm very hungry. Lhaven't eaten much today. 10. When has this bridge been built? [EEE Make sentences from the words In brackets, Use the present perfect or past simple, 1 (it/not /rain /thisweek) .1t hasn't. rained. Uris, week {the weather /be /cold /recently). The weather (it/cold /last week) It (I/not /eat /any frutt yesterday) 1 {1/not /eat /any frutt today) (Emily /eamn / alot of money / this year) (she / not / earn / so much / last year) (you /have / a holiday recently?) 17) Put the verb into the correct form, present perfect or past simple. | haven't, been (1 / not / be) Co Canada, but I'd like to go there. Paul and Lucy... arrived. (arrive) about ten minutes apo. I'm tired. (1/not / sleep) well Last night (There / be) a bus drivers’ strike last week, so (there / be} no bi Edward (work! ina bank for 1Syears. Then (he / give) it up. Now he works as 0 gardener Mary livesin Dublin, My grandfather (//never /meet) him don’t know Karen's husband. It’s nearly lunchtime, and where hes (She /live) there all her life (die) betore Iwas born, (W/ never / meet) hin (1/not /see) Martin all moming, Iwonder {you / go) to the cinema last night? 10.8 : Yes, but the movie. (be) awtul. A {tt /be) very warm here since we arrived Yes, (it / be) 35 depres yesterday. & In Boston (you /live) there? wu: Five yea (you /live) before that? In Chicago. (you /live) in Chicago? us: Two years 2 &: Where do you live? a: How long... A: Where 1: nd how long [PEW write sentences about yourself using the ideas in brackets. [haven't eaten any fruit today, 1 (something you haven't done today) (something you haven't done today) (something you didn't do yesterday) ‘(something you did yesterday evening) (comething you haven't done recently) © (something you've done a tot recently)