ICSE project history

Share the significance behind the foundation of the UNO.

The United Nations was established after World War II in an attempt to maintain
international peace and security and to achieve cooperation among nations on
economic, social, and humanitarian problems.
The foundation of the United Nations (UN) holds great significance in the history of

international relations and global cooperation. Here are some key reasons why the

establishment of the UN is significant:

1. Promotion of peace and prevention of war: The primary goal of the UN is to

maintain international peace and security. The organization was created in the
aftermath of World War II, which witnessed immense devastation and loss of life.
The UN was formed as a response to the failures of the League of Nations in
preventing the war and aimed to prevent future conflicts through collective
security, diplomacy, and dialogue.
2. International cooperation: The UN serves as a platform for fostering international
cooperation among its member states. It provides a forum for countries to come
together, discuss global issues, and work towards shared solutions. Through its
various specialized agencies, programs, and initiatives, the UN addresses a wide
range of global challenges, such as poverty, hunger, disease, climate change,
human rights abuses, and more.
3. Promotion and protection of human rights: The UN Charter is based on the
principles of human rights, equality, and dignity for all individuals. The
organization has played a crucial role in the development and advancement of
international human rights standards. It has adopted landmark documents like
the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which sets out fundamental rights
and freedoms for all people, regardless of their nationality, race, religion, or
gender.
4. International law and justice: The UN promotes the rule of law and helps in the
development and enforcement of international legal frameworks. The
International Court of Justice, the principal judicial organ of the UN, resolves
legal disputes between member states and provides legal opinions on matters
referred to it by other UN organs. The UN also supports the establishment of
international criminal tribunals to hold individuals accountable for serious crimes,
such as genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity.
5. Humanitarian assistance and development: The UN plays a vital role in providing
humanitarian aid to countries affected by natural disasters, armed conflicts, and
 other emergencies. It coordinates relief efforts, delivers essential supplies, and
supports the rebuilding of communities. Additionally, the UN promotes
sustainable development worldwide through initiatives like the Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs), which aim to eradicate poverty, ensure access to
education and healthcare, promote gender equality, protect the environment, and
foster inclusive economic growth.
6. Global governance and multilateralism: The UN serves as a global governance
body where countries can come together to discuss and address shared
challenges. It provides a platform for negotiations, treaties, and agreements that
shape international relations. The UN General Assembly, Security Council, and
other specialized bodies allow member states to participate in decision-making
processes and collaborate on global issues.

In summary, the foundation of the UN is significant because it provides a framework for

international cooperation, peacekeeping, human rights promotion, international law,

humanitarian assistance, and sustainable development. It serves as a platform for

countries to come together, resolve conflicts, and work towards a more peaceful, just,

and sustainable world.

Describe its relevance in the world today.

Seventy years ago the world witnessed the conclusion of two months of intense multilateral
diplomacy

, with the signing of the Charter of the United Nations. In on

e of the defining acts of the twentieth century, representatives of 50 countries endorsed the formation

an international organisation created in the hopes of preserving peace and building a better world for a

Encapsulated in the opening words of the Preamble of the Charter, “We the peoples…” is a promise t

humanity that the United Nations and its Member States have strived to uphold for the last seven decad

As we mark this important anniversary of the founding of the United Nations, we should take a moment

reflect on all that has been accomplished, and the work that is ahead of us.

Certainly, the United Nations has strived and continues to strive for humanity’s progress and well-bein

The work of the United Nations impacts people around the world on issues related to peace and secur
 , development and human rights; from disarmament to efforts to combat terrorism

and extremism; from conflict prevention to peacekeeping and peacebuilding; from disease preventio

n to the promotion

of gender equality and universal education; from refugee resettlement to humanitarian assistance;

from the rule of law to the fight against transnational crime.

Yet, given the fundamental ways in which the world has changed over the last seven decades

, there is a clear need to reform the United Nations and its principal organs.

One needs to look no further than the exponential growth of the membership of the Organization; from

countries in 1945 to 193 countries today. The United Nations needs to transform itself in line wit

current geopolitical realities to maintain its relevance and improve its effectiveness.

The General Assembly needs to be revitalised. The Security Council needs to be reformed.

And the Economic and Social Council needs to be reinvigorated. Furthermore, the relationshi

p between the General Assembly and the Security Council needs to be strengthened.

As we celebrate the 70th anniversary of the founding of the United Nations, we have an

unprecedented opportunity to improve the everyday lives of people around the world, by putting

“people at the centre of all we do”. In a year when the world’s attention is focused on the future,

three important processes are underway that will seek to improve the daily lives of people around

the world. The adoption of an ambitious and transformative post-2015 development agenda, the Third

International Conference on Financing for Development in Addis Ababa in July 2015 and the agreeme

on a new universal and legally binding

climate change agreement this December in Paris will be monumental milestones towards improving t

livelihoods of people around the world.

As we celebrate this important anniversary and reflect on the role of the United Nations, we should fe

l heartened by all that has been achieved.

From supporting the major decolonization efforts across Africa and Asia to providing a critical platform

discours
 e throughout the cold war; from eradicating extreme poverty and hunger to addressing the pressing

challenge of climate change;

The United Nations has been at the forefront of efforts to ensure a secure, prosperous and equitable wo

As we mark 70 years of existence, we have every reason to celebrate all that our

community of nations has achieved.

In doing so, we should also look to the future and strive to transform the United Nations

to ensure that it remains effective and relevant in a dynamic and globalised new world.

The United Nations (UN) and the Group of Twenty (G20) are both significant international organizations that play role
global issues, including international peace and security. However, they have different structures, mandates, and app
a comparative study of the UN and the G20 in achieving international peace and security:

1. Structure and Membership:

- UN: The UN is a global organization composed of 193 member states. It has a hierarchical structure, with the Ge
Security Council, and specialized agencies, such as the International Court of Justice and the United Nations De
Programme.

- G20: The G20 is an informal forum consisting of 19 countries plus the European Union. It includes the world's ma
representing around 85% of global GDP. The G20 has a rotating presidency and lacks a permanent secre

2. Mandate:

- UN: The UN's primary mandate is to maintain international peace and security, as stated in its Charter. It addre
promotes diplomacy, deploys peacekeeping missions, and facilitates negotiations to resolve disputes. The UN also w
range of global issues beyond peace and security.

- G20: The G20 focuses on economic and financial cooperation. Its primary mandate is to promote international ec
sustainable growth, and development. It addresses economic challenges, financial regulations, trade, investment, an
issues.

3. Decision-making and Governance:

 - UN: The UN operates on the principle of multilateralism, where decisions are made through negotiation and con
member states. The Security Council, consisting of five permanent and ten rotating members, has the power to aut
actions and impose sanctions.

- G20: The G20 operates on an informal consensus-based decision-making process. It lacks the legally binding a
UN. Its members engage in discussions, issue joint statements, and coordinate policies, but decisions made within t
binding on its members.

4. Scope of Influence:

- UN: The UN has a broad scope of influence and addresses a wide range of global issues beyond peace and sec
areas such as human rights, sustainable development, climate change, public health, disarmament, and more. It h
agencies and programs dedicated to various fields.

- G20: The G20's influence primarily lies in economic and financial matters. It focuses on coordinating policies, dis
economic challenges, financial regulations, trade, and investment. While it has discussed certain peace and security
mandate does not extend as broadly as the UN's.

5. Representation and Legitimacy:

- UN: The UN provides equal representation to all member states, giving each country a voice in decision-makin
regardless of their economic or political power. The General Assembly allows all member states to participate, discus
and vote on resolutions.

- G20: The G20's membership is limited to a select group of major economies, which can lead to questions about
and inclusivity. However, its members collectively account for a significant portion of the global economy and hav
political influence.

In conclusion, the UN and the G20 have distinct roles in achieving international peace and security. The UN has a br
a formalized structure, and a focus on multilateralism, addressing a wide range of global challenges beyond econom
hand, the G20 is primarily an economic forum that facilitates cooperation and policy coordination among major eco
organizations play important roles in global governance, but they operate within different frameworks and have var
influence.