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4 Excess Notation and Signed 2s Complement Addition and Subtraction

The document discusses Excess Notation, specifically Excess-4, Excess-8, Excess-16, and Excess-32, detailing their bit requirements and ranges. It also provides examples of converting between Excess Notation and decimal values, as well as performing arithmetic operations using signed 2's complement notation. The document highlights the limitations and overflow issues associated with these notations in arithmetic calculations.

Uploaded by

Mohamed Ayman
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
9 views

4 Excess Notation and Signed 2s Complement Addition and Subtraction

The document discusses Excess Notation, specifically Excess-4, Excess-8, Excess-16, and Excess-32, detailing their bit requirements and ranges. It also provides examples of converting between Excess Notation and decimal values, as well as performing arithmetic operations using signed 2's complement notation. The document highlights the limitations and overflow issues associated with these notations in arithmetic calculations.

Uploaded by

Mohamed Ayman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Excess Notation

4 2 1
1 0 0
 Excess-4 needs only 3 bits
n= 3 16 8 4 2 1

 The range of the Excess: (range of 2's complement)


[ - (2n-1)10 , + (2n-1 – 1)10 ]
[ -4 , +3]
8 4 2 1
n 1 0 0 0
4 4 bits
 Excess- 8 needs ???? bits:

 The range of Excess-8 is : ????


[ - 2
3 , + 2 3 -1 ] = [ -8 , +7]
16 8 4 2 1
 Excess- 16 needs ???? bits: 0 0 0
1 0
n= ??
n = 5 bits

 The range of Excess-16 is : ????


[ -16 , +15]

32 16 8 4 2 1
the range of excess-32
[ -32 , +31] n = 6 bits
How to convert from excess notation to its equivalent
decimal and vice versa?

Excess "Binary"

+notation -notation

Decimal

Ex.1 3 bits
Convert the number (1 0 1) to its equivalent decimal
2
value using excess-4.
n = 3 bits
notation = 4
4 2 1
4 21
101-4 n-1 3-1 2
notation = 2 =2 =2
5 - 4 = ( +1)
10 =4
Ex.2 Convert the decimal number ( + 7) to its equivalent value in
10
the Excess form in 4 bits.
8 n = 4 bits

Range n-1 4-1


notation = 2 =2
[-8 , +7] 3
=2 =8

8 4 2 1
+7 + 8 = 15
1111) 1 1 1 1
2
Signed 2's complement Addition and Subtraction

Ex.

By using the signed 2's complement notation in 4 bits.


calculate the following arithmetic operations:
1) (+2) + (+5) >>>>> 2 + 5 Range

2) (-2) - (- 5) >>>>> (-2) + (+5) = -2 + 5


3) (+2) – (+5) >>>>>+2 - 5
4) (- 2 ) + (-5) >>>>> -2 -5
5) (-4 ) + (-5) >>>>> -4 - 5
out of range

Ans.
[ - (2n-1)10 , + (2n-1 – 1)10 ] = [ -8 , + 7] in 4 bits

(1) (+2) + (+5)

+2 0010 complement ===> -


+
+5 0101 8 4 2 1
0 0 1 0
0 1 11 2=
+7 0 1 0 1
5=

7= 0 1 1 1
(-2) - (- 5)
(2)
1
- 0010 1110 >> 2's complement
- 2 +
0101
+5 + 0101
1 0 01 1
+3

(3) (+2) – (+5)


1
+2 + 0010 0010
+
-5 - 0101 1011 >>>> 2's complement
1 101
-3
the result = - 2's comp. of (1101)
- 0 0 11
(- 2 ) + (-5)
(4)
11
- 0010 1110
-2
+ 2's comp.
-5 - 0101 1011
1 1 0 01
-7

the result = - 2's complement of (1001)

- 0111

n = 4 bits
[ -8 , + 7]

(-4 ) + (-5) -10 >>> out of range


(5)
-4 -2 >>>
____
-5
-12
-9 out of range (overflow problem)
out of range
overflow problem

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