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Page # Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Data Communication Network Basis

Page 1 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Foreword
● Communication has always been with us ever since the origin of human society.
Communication has been playing an increasingly important role especially since
human society entered the information era in the 1970s or 1980s.

● The communication mentioned in this course refers to the communication implemented

through a data communication network. This course describes the concepts related to
communication and a data communication network, information transfer process,
network devices and their functions, network types, and typical networking. In addition,
this course briefly introduces the concepts related to network engineering and network
engineers.

Page 2 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Objectives
● On completion of this course, you will be able to:
Understand the concepts related to communication and a data communication network.

Be able to describe the information transfer process.

Differentiate network devices of different types and understand their basic functions.

Understand different network types and topology types.

Understand the concepts related to network engineering and network engineers.

Page 3 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Huawei Device Icons

General General Core switch Aggregation Access Stacked Firewall General NMS AP Base
router switch switch switch switches station

General Cluster FTP server Authentication PN user Enterprise Enterpris Business trip AC Wi-Fi signals
server server network user e

Internet Network Network IP phone PC Pad Mobile Laptop

cloud 1 cloud 2 phone

Page 4 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Contents
1. Communication and Networks

2. Network Types and Topology Types

3. Network Engineering and Network Engineers

Page 5 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Network communication Data communication network

Concept of Network Communication

● Communication refers to the information transfer and exchange between people, between people and
things, and between things through a certain medium and behavior.
● Network communication refers to communication between terminal devices through a computer network.
● Examples of network communication:

Data
Route
r

A. Files are transferred between two computers

(terminals) through a network cable. Data
..
Data .

B. Files are transferred among multiple

computers (terminals) through a router.

C. A computer (terminal) downloads

files through the Internet.
Page 6 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Network communication Data communication network

Information Transfer Process

● Virtual information transfer is similar to real object transfer.

Object Packag Distribution center Sk Distribution center Packag Object

s e y e s

Packe Packe
t t
Data Data Data Data

Computer Gateway router Internet Gateway router Computer

Page 7 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Network communication Data communication network

Common Terms

Term Description
Data payload Information conveyed
Packet Data unit switched and transmitted on the network
Header Information segment added before the data payload
Tail Information segment added after the data payload
Encapsulation Process of adding a header and a tail to a data payload to form a new packet
Decapsulation Process of removing the header and tail from a packet to obtain the data payload
Network device that provides functions such as protocol conversion, route selection,
Gateway
and data exchange
Router Network device that selects a forwarding path for packets
Terminal device End device of a data communication system, used as a sender or receiver of data

Page 9 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Network communication Data communication network

Concept of the Data Communication Network

Internet
• Data communication network:
Core equipment room
Communication network that Log system
Controller
consists of routers, switches, NMS
Application server

firewalls, access controllers (ACs),

access points (APs), PCs, network
printers, and servers

• Function:
To implement data communication

..
. .. ..
. .
Office area 1 Office area 2 Office area 3

Page 10 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Network communication Data communication network

Switches
● Switch: a device closest to end users, used to access the network and switch data frames
Network access of terminals (such as PCs and servers)

Layer 2 switching

Switch

Broadcast domain

Page 11 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Network communication Data communication network

Routers
● Router: a network-layer device that forwards data packets on the Internet. Based on the destination
address in a received packet, a router selects a path to send the packet to the next router or destination.
The last router on the path is responsible for sending the packet to the destination host.
Implementing communication between networks of
the same type or different types

Isolating broadcast domains

Router
Maintaining the routing table and running
routing protocols

Selecting routes and forwarding IP packets

Implementing WAN access and network

address translation
Broadcast domain A Broadcast domain B
Connecting Layer 2 networks established through switches

Page 12 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Network communication Data communication network

Firewalls
● Firewall: a network security device used to ensure secure communication between two networks. It
monitors, restricts, and modifies data flows passing through it to shield information, structure, and running
status of internal networks from the public network.
Untrust zone
Isolating networks of different security levels

Implementing access control (using security policies) Internet

between networks of different security levels
DMZ
Implementing user identity authentication
Firewall
Implementing remote access

Supporting data encryption and VPN services Trust zone

Implementing network address translation

Implementing other security functions

Page 13 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Network communication Data communication network

Wireless devices

Internet Internet

A
C

Fat AP Fit AP

WLAN (Wi-Fi)

Wired terminal Wireless terminal Wireless Wireless

terminal terminal

Page 14 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Contents
1. Communication and Networks

2. Network Types and Topology Types

3. Network Engineering and Network Engineers

Page 15 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Network Types Network Topologies

LAN, MAN, and WAN

● Based on the geographical coverage, networks can be classified into local area networks (LANs),
metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs).
LAN
■ A LAN is a network that consists of computers, servers, and network devices in a geographic area. The coverage of a LAN is
generally within several thousand square meters.

■ Typical LANs include a company's office network, a cyber bar network, a home network.

MAN
■ A MAN is a computer communication network established within a city.

■ Typical MANs include broadband MANs, education MANs, and municipal or provincial e-government private lines.

WAN
■ A WAN generally covers a large geographical area ranging from tens of square kilometers to thousands of square kilometers. It
can connect networks of multiple cities or even networks of countries (as an international large-scale network) and provide long-
distance communication.

■ The Internet is a typical WAN.

Page 16 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Network Types Network Topologies

LAN, MAN, and WAN in the Education Industry

Provincial Level Municipal Level County Level
WA
WA WA N
Nn N
n lev nod
e
ed ode ed ode ed el/co of
uc o uc o uc u a
ati f a ati f a ati nty dist
on pro on mu on -le ric
bu vin bu nic bu vel t-
Internet rea cia rea ip rea
u l u al u

MAN core of
MAN core of the MAN core of the the district-level/
provincial municipal county-level
education bureau education bureau education
bureau

LAN of a LAN of a LAN of a

middle school middle school primary school

LAN of a college LAN of a college LAN of a college

LAN of a or
college or university
university LAN of a or
college or university
university or university

Page 18 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Network Types Network Topologies

Network Topologies
● A network topology is a structured layout presented using transmission media (such as twisted pairs and
optical fibers) to interconnect various devices (such as computer terminals, routers, and switches).

The network topology is used

to describe the physical or
logical structure of a network
in the network engineering
field, and is a very important
network concept.

..
. ..
.

Page 19 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Network Types Network Topologies

Network Topology Types

● Network topologies are classified into star, bus, ring, tree, full-mesh, and partial-mesh network
topologies.

Star network topology Bus network topology Ring network topology

Combined network topology

Tree network Full-mesh network Partial-mesh

topology topology network topology

Page 20 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Contents
1. Communication and Networks

2. Network Types and Topology Types

3. Network Engineering and Network Engineers

Page 22 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Network Engineering
● Network engineering

Network engineering refers to planning and designing feasible solutions based on network application requirements and computer
network system standards, specifications, and technologies under the guidance of information system engineering methods and
complete organizations, as well as integrating computer network hardware devices, software, and technologies to form a cost-
effective network system that meets user requirements.

● Technical modules covered by network engineering:

Application

Storage Security Calculation

Wireless Routing Switching

Equipment Media
room

...

Page 23 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Network Engineer
● Network engineer

Network engineers are technology professionals who master professional network technologies, have professional skills,
professionalism, and project implementation experience in the network engineering field, and are able to fully communicate with
customers or other project stakeholders onsite. In addition, they can develop implementation solutions and project plans (recognized
by project stakeholders) based on customer requirements and environment factors, fully mobilize resources of all parties to ensure
timely and high-quality project implementation, and provide training for stakeholders and deliver engineering documents after the
project is implemented.

● Comprehensive capability models for network engineers:

Process specification Business etiquette Team collaboration

Industry knowledge Values Business management

Engineering knowledge Service awareness Presentation capability

Product knowledge Information collection Problem solving

Communication
Technical knowledge Learning competency
capability

Professional knowledge Basic qualification Professional skills

Page 24 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Network Engineers' Technology
Development Path

Solution design, network planning, implementation,

Overall capabilities
From macro to micro and troubleshooting, and optimization

Packet and
then back to macro
underlying Underlying working mechanism of protocols and packet details
mechanisms

Protocol Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) connection establishment process

mechanisms Detailed working process of the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)

How How to perform, verify, and query OSPF configurations

What Routing and switching

Page 25 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Huawei Certification Injects Vitality into
Talent Development for Enterprises

Providing talent with career Facilitating enterprise

Certification exam development paths innovation and transformation

• Meets enterprise talent's career • Provides authoritative certification for

evolution from an engineer to a senior ICT talent. The ICT talent with
• Cultivate experts who understand both authoritative certification helps ensure
engineer, and then to an expert.
business and technologies. project delivery quality and improve
• Provides a hierarchical certification
• Cultivate platform construction and customer satisfaction.
system that provides customized talent
service application experts based on • Enhances the overall performance and
growth paths in accordance with job-
HUAWEI CLOUD. productivity of enterprises.
based capability requirements and
• Focuses on ICT infrastructure and • Accelerates business innovation and
supports in-depth professional
cultivates architecture talent in all ICT transformation, and improve the overall
development, integration, and
fields. operational efficiency.
expansion, reducing the talent
cultivation cost for enterprises.

Page 26 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Huawei Certification Portfolio
● Huawei certification covers all ICT fields and is committed to providing a leading talent cultivation architecture and
certification standards, cultivating ICT professionals in the digital era, and building a healthy ICT talent ecosystem.

Huawei Certification
ICT Vertical Certification
Financ Public Safety
e

Intelligent Enterprise
Big Data A Io
Video Surveillance Communication
Platform and Service I T
Huawei Certified ICT Expert
GaussDB Kunpeng
Certification
Application
Developer
Cloud Computing Cloud Service

Huawei Certified ICT

Data Center Professional

ICT Infrastructure Storag Intelligent Computing

e Securit
Certification
Datacom WLAN SD y
Huawei Certified ICT Associate
N
Transmission Acces LT 5G
s E

Page 27 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Huawei Datacom Certification Portfolio

HCIE-Datacom
Aiming to cultivate network experts with solid

HCIE theoretical foundation and deployment

capabilities for cross-field solutions
HCI
P
HCIA-Datacom
Aiming to cultivate network
HCIA
engineers with basic datacom HCIP-Datacom
theories and skills Aiming to cultivate senior network engineers for
cross-field solution planning and design or
single-field planning and deployment

Page 28 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Quiz
1. (Single) Which of the following type of network topology has the highest reliability? ( )
A. Star network topology

B. Ring network topology

C. Full-mesh network topology

D. Tree network topology

Page 29 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Summary
● This section describes the concepts of network communication and data
communication network. The basic function of a data communication network is to
implement network communication.

● This section also introduces various network devices, the differences between LAN,
MAN and WAN, and various network topologies. In actual networking, multiple
topologies are combined according to the requirements of multiple parties.

● This section also describes network engineering and network engineers and introduces
Huawei datacom certification system.

Page 30 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Thank You
www.huawei.com

Page 31 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.