Scribd
Upload
22 views28 pages

3-Principles of machining – Basic machining operations (1)

The document outlines key principles of manufacturing and workshop operations, focusing on various machining processes such as turning, milling, and drilling. It details different types of machines and tools used in these operations, including their functions and advantages. Additionally, it discusses advanced techniques like high-speed machining and automation in manufacturing processes.

Uploaded by

mooka2081998
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
22 views28 pages

3-Principles of machining – Basic machining operations (1)

The document outlines key principles of manufacturing and workshop operations, focusing on various machining processes such as turning, milling, and drilling. It details different types of machines and tools used in these operations, including their functions and advantages. Additionally, it discusses advanced techniques like high-speed machining and automation in manufacturing processes.

Uploaded by

mooka2081998
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 28

M1172

Principles of Manufacturing & Workshop (B)


Fall 2024

Basic machining operations


1
Generating Shape

straight turning taper turning contour turning

profile milling
plain milling
Forming to Create Shape

form turning drilling broaching


Forming and Generating

slot milling
thread cutting on a lathe
Drilling Operation

 Creates a round hole in a


workpart
 Boring can enlarge an existing
hole
 Cutting tool called a drill or drill
bit
 Machine tool: drill press
Drilling Machines

Upright drill
Radial drill press
(Willis Machinery and Tools)
Through Holes vs. Blind Holes
Through-holes - drill exits opposite side of work
Blind-holes – does not exit work

through-hole blind hole


Operations Related to Drilling

(a) Reaming
(b) Tapping
(c) Counterboring
(d) Countersinking
(e) Center drilling
(f) Spot facing
Turning Operation

Titanium nitride coated carbide cutting insert


(photo courtesy of Kennametal Inc.)
Generating Shape in Machining

(a) Facing
(b) Taper turning
(c) Contour turning
(d) Form turning
(e) Chamfering
(f) Cutoff
(g) Threading
(h) Boring
(i) Drilling
(j) Knurling
Engine Lathe
Methods of Holding the Work in a Lathe

three-jaw chuck
"dog”

collet
face plate
Multiple Spindle Bar Machine
(1) feed stock to stop
(2) turn main diameter
(3) form second diameter
and spotface
(4) drill
(5) chamfer
(6) cutoff
Horizontal Boring

 Boring bar made of cemented


carbide (WC-Co)
 Indexable cemented carbide
inserts
Milling
(a) Up milling
(Conventional milling)

(b) Down milling


(Climb milling)

High speed face


milling using
indexable inserts
Milling Operations

Conventional face milling


End milling Profile milling

End milling

Pocket milling Surface contouring


Forms of Milling

Peripheral milling Face milling

Slab milling Slotting Side milling Straddle milling


Milling Machine

Horizontal knee-and-column milling Vertical knee-and-column


machine milling machine
Machining Centers
 Highly automated machine tool
 CNC control (three, four or five axes)
 Minimal human attention

 Automatic tool-changing
 Pallet shuttles
 Automatic workpart positioning
(photo courtesy of Cincinnati Milacron)
Broaching
Advantages:
 Good surface finish
 Close tolerances
 Complicated geometry
Disadvantages:
 Tooling is expensive
 Starting hole

External broaching

Internal broaching
Power Hacksaw

Power hacksaw

Circular saw Band saw


Some Special Turning Machines
 Turret lathes
 Tailstock replaced by “turret”

 Chucking machines
 No tailstock
 For short, light-weight parts

 Bar machines
 Collet permits long bar stock through
headstock
 Cutoff operation separates the new part
 Highly automated (a.k.a. automatic bar
machine)

 Automatic screw machine


Vertical Boring Mill

A vertical boring mill – for large, heavy workparts


Milling Machine

Universal machine (top of machine omitted) Ram type

Simplex bed type milling machine


Operation of Mill-Turn Center

(a) example part with turned, milled, and drilled surfaces


(b) sequence of operations on a mill-turn center
Shaping and Planing

 V-groove  Square groove  T-slot  Dovetail slot  Gear teeth


High Speed Machining
Conventional vs. high speed machining
Indexable tools (face mills)

Work material Conventional speed High speed

m/min ft/min m/min ft/min


Aluminum 600+ 2000+ 3600+ 12,000+

Cast iron, soft 360 1200 1200 4000


Cast iron, ductile 250 800 900 3000

Steel, alloy 210 700 360 1200


Source: Kennametal Inc.
High Speed Machining

 Higher production rates


 Shorter lead times
 Rather than functions of spindle speed
 Rapid traverse speeds and high feed rates
 Automatic tool changes
 High rpm bearings
 Advanced CNC motion controls
 Balanced cutting tools to minimize vibration
 Coolant delivery systems (high pressures)
 Chip control and removal systems.

You might also like