Neo Series | Mathematics | Grade 8 | CAPS | Educator Guide

54. ALGEBRA – RATIO AND RATE

54.1. SIMPLIFYING RATIOS

A ratio expresses a relationship between 2 quantities of the same kind. To simplify a ratio, find the highest common
factor for the 2 quantities and divide by this common factor.
For example, the ratio of R 20 to R 35 is 20 ∶ 35.
• The highest common factor here is 5.
• Divide both values by 5 to write the ratio in simplest form.
20 35
20 ∶ 35 = :
5 5
=4∶7

Units are not mentioned in the ratio, but the units must be the same before we can compare. Ratios should always
be written in simplest form.

WORKED EXAMPLES
1. 75𝑐 ∶ 𝑅 2,25
• Units must be the same, let’s change both into cents
𝟕𝟓𝒄 ∶ 𝟐𝟐𝟓𝒄
• This needs to be simplified, divide by the highest common factor (75)
75𝑐 ∶ 𝑅 2,25 = 1 ∶ 3

1 3
2. ∶
2 4
• Find the lowest common denominator (LCD). The LCD is 4.
𝟐 𝟑
∶
𝟒 𝟒
• Now drop the denominator.
𝟐∶ 𝟑

1 1 1
3. 2 4 ∶ 3 3 ∶ 4 2
• Mixed numbers need to be converted into improper fractions
𝟗 𝟏𝟎 𝟗
𝟒
∶ 𝟑
∶ 𝟐
• Now, we need to find an LCD, drop the LCD and then simplify
𝟗 𝟏𝟎 𝟗 𝟐𝟕 𝟒𝟎 𝟓𝟒
𝟒
∶ 𝟑
∶ 𝟐
= 𝟏𝟐
∶ 𝟏𝟐
∶ 𝟏𝟐
= 𝟐𝟕 ∶ 𝟒𝟎 ∶ 𝟓𝟒

4. 25 𝑚𝑖𝑛 ∶ 1 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟
• Units must be the same, let’s change both into minutes
𝟐𝟓 ∶ 𝟔𝟎
• This needs to be simplified, divide by the highest common factor
𝟓 ∶ 𝟏𝟐

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5. 250 𝑔 ∶ 1 𝑘𝑔

250 𝑔 ∶ 1 𝑘𝑔 = 250 ∶ 1000

=1∶4

54.2. SIMPLIFYING RATIOS – PRACTICE EXERCISE 1

Write the following ratios in simplest form:
3 5
1. 4
∶ 4
2. 1,80𝑚 ∶ 180𝑚𝑚
=3∶ 5 = 1 800 ∶ 180
= 10 ∶ 1

2
3. 95 𝑚𝑖𝑛 ∶ 1 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟 4. 40𝑘𝑔 ∶ 480𝑔
3
= 95 ∶ 100 = 40 000 ∶ 480
= 19 ∶ 20 = 250 ∶ 3

1 1
5. 1 4
∶ 3 3
5 10
= 4
∶ 3
15 40
= ∶
12 12
= 15 ∶ 40
=3∶8

54.3. SIMPLIFYING RATIOS – PRACTICE EXERCISE 2

For each of the following ratios, ensure that both quantities are converted to the same unit and then simplify the
ratio fully:
1
1. 15 minutes ∶ 1 2 hours 2. 2 m ∶ 75 cm
= 15 ∶ 90 = 200: 75
15 90 200 75
= :
5 5
= :
25 25
= 3: 18 = 8: 3
= 1: 6

3. 150 g ∶ 2,1 kg 4. 400 cm ∶ 2 m ∶ 0,5 km

= 150: 2100 = 4: 2: 500
150 2100 4 2 500
= 50
: 50 = 2:2: 2
= 3: 42 = 2: 1: 250
= 1: 14

1
5. 45 years ∶ 2 decades ∶ 2 century 6. 1,2 𝑙 ∶ 850 m𝑙
= 45: 20: 50 = 1200: 850
45 20 50 1200 850
= : :
5 5 5
= 50
: 50
= 9: 4: 10 = 24: 17

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54.4. DIVIDING QUANTITIES ACCORDING TO A RATIO

Dividing quantities according to a ratio means that we share out a total such that the shared portions are in a
specified ratio. We use the given ratio to create fractions and then find fractions of the total to work out each
portion.
• The sum of the parts of the ratio gives the denominator of the fractions.
• Each part of the ratio is the numerator of the fraction for that portion.

Suggested process for sharing an amount 𝒙 in a ratio 𝒂: 𝒃: 𝒄:

Step 1: add all the ratio values (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)

Step 2: create fractions for each part in the ratio:

𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
𝑎+𝑏+𝑐 𝑎+𝑏+𝑐 𝑎+𝑏+𝑐

Step 3: Multiply each fraction by the total (𝑥) to find their respective shares of the total

WORKED EXAMPLE 1
Divide 24 in the ratio 1 ∶ 2 ∶ 3

Step 1: 1+2+3=6

Step 2: 1 2 1 3 1
= =
6 6 3 6 2
Step 3: 1 1 1
× 24 = 4 × 24 = 8 × 24 = 12
6 3 2

Note that the sum of these shares is the original total: 4 + 8 + 12 = 24

Alternate algebraic method

• For this algebraic method, multiply each part of the ratio by 𝑥, where 𝑥 represents how many of the 24
items are in 1 part of the ratio.
1𝑥 ∶ 2𝑥 ∶ 3𝑥
• But these parts all together must give us the total of 24 and so, this creates the following equation:

1𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 3𝑥 = 24
6𝑥 = 24
24
𝑥= 6
𝑥=4

∴ 1𝑥 = 1(4) 2𝑥 = 2(4) 3𝑥 = 3(4)

=4 =8 =4

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WORKED EXAMPLES 2
1. Divide R 18 000 in the ratio 2 ∶ 3 2. Lungi and Ray share R 24 000 in the ratio 5 ∶ 3.
How much does each get?
• Add 2 + 3 = 5 parts • Add 5 + 3 = 8 parts
2 5
5
× 18 000 = R 7 200 × 24 000 = R 15 000
8
3 3
× 18 000 = R 10 800 × 24 000 = R 9 000
5 8
Answer: R 7 200 ∶ R 10 800 Answer: R 15 000 ∶ R 9 000

3. In ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶: 𝐴̂ ∶ 𝐵̂ ∶ 𝐶̂ = 2 ∶ 2 ∶ 5.
Determine the size of the equal angles.
• Add 2 + 2 + 5 = 9 parts
𝐴̂ + 𝐵̂ + 𝐶̂ = 180° (∠s sum ∆)
2
9
× 180° = 40°
Answer: 𝐴̂ = 𝐵̂ = 40°
GUIDED EXERCISE
1. R560 has to be divided amongst Alan, Brian and Dawn in the ratio 2 : 5 : 1. How much will Brian get?
2+ 5 + 1 = 8
5
Brian’s fraction = 8

5 5
8
𝑜𝑓 𝑅 560 = 8
× 560
= 5 × 70
= 𝑅 350
2. Thabo is 10 years old. His twin sisters are 4 years old. R109,80 must be divided amongst them in the same
ratio as their ages. How much will each sister receive?
Ratio of ages = 4 ∶ 4 ∶ 10
=2∶ 2∶ 5

2+2+5 = 9
2
9
𝑜𝑓 109,80 = 2 × 12,20
= 𝑅 24,40

3. An amount is divided amongst A, B and C in a ratio of 4 ∶ 3 ∶ 5. A receives R24.

a. How much does B receive? b. What was the total amount?
4 ∶ 3 ∶ 5 = 24 ∶ 18 ∶ 30 Total = 24 + 18 + 30
B receives 𝑹 𝟏𝟖 = 𝑹 𝟕𝟐

4. Divide R600 among A, B and C so that A receives twice as much as B, who gets three times as much as C.
6∶ 3∶ 1
6 3 1
𝐴= 10
𝑜𝑓 𝑅 600 𝐵= 10
𝑜𝑓 𝑅 600 𝐶= 10
𝑜𝑓 𝑅 600

6 3 1
= 10
× 600 = 10
× 600 = 10
× 600
= 6 × 60 = 3 × 60 = 1 × 60
= 𝑅 360 = 𝑅 180 = 𝑅 60

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54.5. DIVIDING QUANTITIES ACCORDING TO A RATIO – PRACTICE EXERCISE

1. On a farm, the ratio of cattle to horses to sheep is 8 ∶ 1 ∶ 3. If there are 72 sheep, how many cattle and how
many horses are there?
𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑙𝑒 ∶ ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑠 ∶ 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑝 = 8𝑥 ∶ 1𝑥 ∶ 3𝑥
But there are 72 sheep so 3𝑥 = 72
72
∴𝑥= 3
= 24

𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑙𝑒 = 8𝑥 ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑠 = 1𝑥
= 8(24) = 1(24)
= 192 = 24

2. A man and a woman’s salaries are in the ratio 3 ∶ 4. If they earn R2 100 together, how much does the man earn?
3+4=7
3
𝑚𝑎𝑛 𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑛𝑠 = 7 × 2 100
= 3 × 300
= 𝑅 900

3. The ratio of red balls to white balls to green balls are 7 ∶ 2 ∶ 1. If there are 56 red balls, determine how many
balls are in the bag.
𝑟𝑒𝑑 ∶ 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑒 ∶ 𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑛 = 7𝑥 ∶ 2𝑥 ∶ 1𝑥
But there are 56 red balls so 7𝑥 = 56
56
∴𝑥=
7
=8

𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑠 = 7𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 1𝑥

= 10𝑥
= 10(8)
= 80

54.6. INCREASING OR DECREASING QUANTITIES IN A RATIO

To decrease by a ratio implies that the new quantity must be smaller than the old quantity.
To calculate this decreased quantity, multiply the original quantity by a fraction with the smaller part of the ratio in
the numerator and the larger value in the denominator.
To decrease, always multiply by a proper fraction and the answer must be smaller than what was started with.
smaller ratio value
decreased quantity = original quantity ×
larger ratio value

To increase by a ratio implies that the new quantity must be larger than the original quantity.
To calculate this increased quantity, multiply the original quantity by a fraction with the larger part of the ratio in the
numerator and the smaller value in the denominator.
To increase, always multiply by an improper fraction and the answer must be larger than what was started with.

larger ratio value

increased quantity = original quantity ×
smaller ratio value

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WORKED EXAMPLES

1. Increase 16 in the ratio 5 ∶ 2 2. Decrease 12 in the ratio 3 ∶ 2

• Increasing so larger ratio value in • Decreasing so smaller ratio value

numerator → × improper fraction in numerator → × proper fraction
5 2
16 × = 40 12 × = 8
2 3
(Answer is an increased quantity) (Answer is a decreased quantity)

3. Increase 24 in the ratio 3 ∶ 8 4. Decrease 20 in the ratio 4 ∶ 5

8 4
24 × = 64 20 × = 16
3 5

GUIDED EXERCISE
1. Decrease 𝑅 40 in the ratio 4 ∶ 5.
Decreasing so smaller ratio value in numerator (proper fraction)
4
𝑅 40 × 5 = 8 × 4
= 𝑅 32

2. Increase 150𝑔 in the ratio 9 ∶ 5.

Increasing so larger ratio value in numerator (improper fraction)
9
150𝑔 × 5 = 30 × 9
= 270𝑔

3. Decrease 32 in the ratio 3 ∶ 8.

3
32 × 8 = 4 × 3
= 12

4. Increase 36 in the ratio 2 ∶ 9.

9
36 × = 18 × 9
2
= 162

54.7. INCREASING OR DECREASING QUANTITIES BY A RATIO – PRACTICE EXERCISE

1. Decrease 72 in the ratio 2 ∶ 9.
2
72 × = 8 × 2
9
= 16

2. Increase 45 in the ratio 5 ∶ 9.

9
45 × 5 = 9 × 9
= 81
3. Decrease 250 in the ratio 4 ∶ 5.
4
250 × 5 = 50 × 4
= 200
4. Increase 144 in the ratio 2 ∶ 9.
9
144 × 2 = 72 × 9
= 648

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54.8. WORKING WITH RATES

WORKED EXAMPLES
1. a. A bus drove 500 km in 8 hours (km/h) b. 12 apples for R 30,00 (R/apple)
500 30
= 62,5 km/h = R 2,50/apple
8 12
c. 900 customers in 5 hours (people/hour) d. 3 puzzles completed in 30 days (days/puzzle)
900 30
= 180 people/h = 10 days/puzzle
5 3
R 360 for 15 𝑙 of petrol (R/𝑙) A car drove 500 km and used 40 𝑙 of fuel
e. f.
(𝑙/100 km)
360
= R 24/𝑙 500 = 5 × 100 km
15
40
= 8 𝑙/100 km
5
2. If Amina drove for 4 hours and a total distance of 420 km, what distance did she cover each hour?
420
= 105 km/h
4

3. A dog runs from one side of the park to the other. The park is 80 metres across and the dog takes 16 seconds to
cross the park. What is the speed of the dog (in metres per second)?
80
Speed =
16
= 5 m/𝑠

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54.9. WORKING WITH RATES – PRACTICE EXERCISE

1. Adam walks 1,25 km in 25 minutes and Sean 1,44 km in 30 minutes. Who walks faster?
𝐴𝑑𝑎𝑚: 1 250𝑚 𝑖𝑛 25𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑠 𝑆𝑒𝑎𝑛: 1 440𝑚 𝑖𝑛 30𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑠
1250 1440
𝐴𝑑𝑎𝑚′ 𝑠 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 𝑆𝑒𝑎𝑛′𝑠 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 =
25 30
𝑚
= 50 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 48 𝑚/𝑚𝑖𝑛

∴ Adam is faster (greater rate)

2. A bus departs from Bloemfontein to Durban and travels at an average speed of 94 km/h. The distance between
the 2 cities is 116 km. How long will the trip take?
116
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑖𝑛 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 = 94
= 1,23
= 1 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟 14 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑠

3. A car departs at 07:00 and travels at an average speed of 115 km/h. What time will it arrive at its destination
which is 632,5 km away?
632,5
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑖𝑛 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 = 115
= 5,5 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠
= 5 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 30 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑠
∴ 𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑖𝑠 12: 30

4. Alison ran the 1st half of a 10 km race at 8,4 km/h. She ran the second half at 7,6 km/h.
a. Calculate her average speed for the race.
5 5
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑓 (𝑖𝑛 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠) = 8,4 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑓 (𝑖𝑛 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠) = 7,6
= 0,5952 … = 0,6578 …

5 5
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛 = 8,4 + 7,6
= 1,2531 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠

𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 = 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 ÷ 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒

10
= 1,2531
= 7,98 𝑘𝑚/ℎ

b. How long did it take her to complete the race?

𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒, 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛 = 1,2531 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠
= 1 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟 15 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑠

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54.10.UNIT REVISION
1. For a school outing, there must be at least 2 adults to supervise for every 15 learners. If 60 learners have
signed up for the outing, what is the minimum number of adults needed?
2 ∶ 15 = 𝑥 ∶ 60
2 𝑥
∴ 15 = 60
2
15
× 60 = 𝑥
2×4 = 𝑥
𝑥=8

2. Ayanda is hosting a party and so must make enough cooldrink for everyone. She will use a large 10 litre jug.
The cooldrink must be mixed in a ratio of 1:7. How much concentrate must Ayanda have? How much water
must be added?
10 𝑙 = 10 000 𝑚𝑙
1+7 = 8

1 7
8
𝑜𝑓 10 000 = 1 250 8
𝑜𝑓 10 000 = 7 × 1 250
= 1,25 𝑙 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 8 750
= 8,75 𝑙 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟

3. Write the following ratios in simplest form:

a. 0,3 𝑚 ∶ 2,5 𝑐𝑚
300 ∶ 25 (𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑚𝑚)
= 12 ∶ 1 (𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑏𝑦 HCF = 25)

b. 12 ∶ 21 ∶ 45
12 ∶ 21 ∶ 45. (𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑏𝑦 HCF = 3)
= 4 ∶ 7 ∶ 15

c. 78 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 ∶ 𝑅 1,30
78 ∶ 130 (𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠)
=3∶5 (𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑏𝑦 HCF = 26)

4. Three sisters will inherit R250 000 from their grandmother’s estate. The oldest sister will get double of what
the middle child receives, and the youngest will get a third of what the middle child gets. How much does
each sister get from the estate?
1
𝑒𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑡 ∶ 𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑑𝑙𝑒 ∶ 𝑦𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑠𝑡 = 2 ∶ 1 ∶ 3
=6∶3∶1
6 + 3 + 1 = 10

6 3 1
𝑒𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑡 = 10 × 250 000 𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑑𝑙𝑒 = 10 × 250 000 𝑦𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑠𝑡 = 10 × 250 000
= 6 × 25 000 = 3 × 25 000 = 1 × 25 000
= 𝑅 150 000 = 𝑅 75 000 = 𝑅 25 000

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5. Which is faster: 0,5 𝑚/𝑠 or 1,2 𝑘𝑚/ℎ?

1,2 𝑘𝑚/ℎ = 1 200 𝑚/ℎ (𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠 × 1 000)
= 20 𝑚/ 𝑚𝑖𝑛 (𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠 ÷ 60)
= 0,33 𝑚/ 𝑠 (𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠 ÷ 60)

0,5 𝑚/𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑓𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑟

6. Breakfast cereal A costs 𝑅 47,95 for 500𝑔. Breakfast cereal B costs 𝑅 64,99 for 900𝑔. Which cereal is a
better buy?
47,95 64,99
𝐴: 𝑅 47,95 𝑝𝑒𝑟 500 𝑔 = 𝑝𝑒𝑟 100 𝑔 𝐵: 𝑅 64,99 𝑝𝑒𝑟 900 𝑔 = 𝑝𝑒𝑟 100 𝑔
5 9

= 𝑅 9,59 𝑝𝑒𝑟 100 𝑔 = 𝑅 7,22 𝑝𝑒𝑟 100 𝑔

𝐵 𝑖𝑠 𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑝𝑒𝑟

7. Find the ratio of shaded to unshaded for each diagram:

a. 2 ∶ 4 = 1 ∶ 2 b. 3 ∶ 5 c. 3 ∶ 6

8. The average human adult blinks approximately 15 times per minute. Josh blinks every 5 seconds. Is his rate
of blinks per minute below average, average or above average?
1 𝑏𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑘 / 5 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠 = ? 𝑏𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑘𝑠 / 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒
= ? 𝑏𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑘𝑠 / 60 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠
= 12 𝑏𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑘𝑠 / 60 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠 (5 × 12 = 60)
𝐽𝑜𝑠ℎ 𝑖𝑠 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 15 𝑏𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑘𝑠/𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒

9. Fill in the missing value for these equivalent ratios:

a. 2 ∶ 7 = 14 ∶ 49

b. 3 ∶ 5 = 15 ∶ 25
1
c. 1 ∶ 120 = 35 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠 ∶ 1 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠
6
1 ∶ 120 = 35 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠 ∶ 120 × 30 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠
= 35 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠 ∶ 4 200 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠
= 35 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠 ∶ 70 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠
70
= 35 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠 ∶ 60 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠
1
= 35 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠 ∶ 1 6 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠

10. The price of gold is $ 1789,89 per ounce. If $1 is equivalent to 𝑅 14,50, how much will 3 ounces of gold cost
in Rands?
3 𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 = 3 × $1 789,89
= $ 5 369,67

$ 1 ∶ 𝑅 14,50 = $ 5 369,67 ∶ 5 369,67 × 14,50

= $ 77 860,22

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11. A certain soda drink is sold at the following prices at a particular store: 𝑅9,95 for 300𝑚𝑙; 𝑅10,45 for
440 𝑚𝑙; 𝑅13,75 for 1𝑙 or 𝑅21,65 for 2𝑙. Work out the cost per 100 𝑚𝑙 for each and determine which is the
cheapest.
9,95 10,45
𝑅 9,95 𝑝𝑒𝑟 300 𝑚𝑙 = 𝑝𝑒𝑟 100 𝑚𝑙 𝑅 10,45 𝑝𝑒𝑟 440 𝑚𝑙 = 𝑝𝑒𝑟 100 𝑚𝑙
3 4,4
= 𝑅 3,32 𝑝𝑒𝑟 100 𝑚𝑙 = 𝑅 2,38 𝑝𝑒𝑟 100 𝑚𝑙
13,75 21,65
𝑅 13,75 𝑝𝑒𝑟 1 𝑙 = 10
𝑝𝑒𝑟 100 𝑚𝑙 𝑅 21,65 𝑝𝑒𝑟 2 𝑙 = 20
𝑝𝑒𝑟 100 𝑚𝑙
= 𝑅 1,38 𝑝𝑒𝑟 100 𝑚𝑙 = 𝑅 1,08 𝑝𝑒𝑟 100 𝑚𝑙
2𝑙 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑝𝑒𝑠𝑡

12. The scale on a map is given as 1: 50 000. The distance on the map between town A and town B is measured
to be 22,3 𝑐𝑚.
a. What is the distance between the towns in real-life (in 𝑘𝑚)?
22,3 × 50 000 = 1 115 000 𝑐𝑚
= 11 150 𝑚
= 11,15 𝑘𝑚

b. If Tom is driving at 60 𝑘𝑚/ℎ, how long will it take him to get to town A from town B?
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 = 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 ÷ 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑
11,15
= 60
= 0,18583 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠
= 11 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠 9 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠

13. The ratio of games lost to games drawn to games won by a rugby team is 2 ∶ 1 ∶ 5. If the team lost 6 games,
how many games have they played so far?
𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑡 ∶ 𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑤𝑛 ∶ 𝑤𝑜𝑛 = 2 ∶ 1 ∶ 5
2+1+5 = 8
2
𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑔𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑠 = 6
8
2
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑔𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑠 = 6 ÷ 8
8
=6×2
= 24 𝑔𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑠

14. A car travelled 143 𝑘𝑚 in 2 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 and 12 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠.

a. What was the average speed?
𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 = 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 ÷ 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
143
= 2ℎ 12 𝑚
143
= 12
2
60
143
= 2,2
= 65 𝑘𝑚/ℎ

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b. On the return journey, a detour had to be taken that added on another 26 𝑘𝑚. If the same average
speed could be maintained, how much longer will the return trip take?
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 = 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 ÷ 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑
143 + 26
= 65
= 2,6 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠
= 2 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 36 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠

𝑇ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 24 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝

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