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Defibrillation
Discharge
Documentation
Doppler use
Droplet precautions
Drug and alcohol specimen collection
Dying patient care
E
Eardrop instillation
Ear irrigation
Elastic bandage application
Electrical bone growth stimulation
Electrocardiogram, 12-lead
Electrocardiogram, right chest lead
Electrocardiogram, posterior chest lead
Electrocardiogram, signal-averaged
Endoscopic therapy, assisting
Endotracheal drug administration
Endotracheal intubation
Endotracheal tube care
End-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring
Enema administration
Epicardial pacing and care
Epidural analgesic administration
Esophagogastric tamponade tube care
Esophagogastric tamponade tube insertion and removal
External fixation management
Eye care
Eye compress application
Eye irrigation
Eye medication administration
F

8
Fall prevention and management
Fecal impaction removal, digital
Fecal occult blood tests
Feeding
Feeding tube insertion and removal
Femoral compression
Foot care
Foreign-body airway obstruction and management
Functional assessment
G
Gait belt use
Gastric lavage
Gastrostomy feeding button reinsertion
H
Hair care
Halo-vest traction management
Hand hygiene
Hearing aid care
Heat application
Height and weight measurement
Hemodialysis
Hemoglobin testing, bedside
Hip arthroplasty care
Hour-of-sleep care
Humidifier therapy
Hyperthermia-hypothermia blanket use
I
IM injection
Impaired swallowing and aspiration precautions
Implanted port use
Incentive spirometry
Incontinence device application, male

9
Incontinence management, fecal
Incontinence management, urinary
Indwelling urinary catheter care and removal
Indwelling urinary catheter insertion
Indwelling urinary catheter irrigation
Intermittent infusion device drug administration
Intermittent infusion device flushing and locking
Intermittent infusion device insertion
Intermittent positive-pressure breathing
Intermittent urinary catheterization
Internal fixation management
Intra-abdominal pressure monitoring
Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation
Intracranial pressure monitoring
Intradermal injection
Intraosseous infusion
Intrapleural drug administration
Iontophoresis
IV bolus injection
IV catheter insertion and removal
IV catheter maintenance
IV infusion rates and manual control
IV pump use
IV secondary line drug infusion
IV therapy preparation
J
Jugular venous oxygen saturation monitoring
K
Knee arthroplasty postprocedure care
L
Laryngeal mask airway insertion
Laser therapy, assisting

10
Latex allergy protocol
Lipid emulsion administration
Low-air-loss therapy bed use
Lumbar puncture, assisting
M
Manual ventilation
Massive infusion device use
Mechanical traction management
Mechanical ventilation, positive pressure
Metered-dose inhaler use
Mixed venous oxygen saturation monitoring
Moderate sedation
Mucus clearance device
N
Nasal bridle insertion and removal
Nasal irrigation
Nasal medication administration
Nasal packing, assisting
Nasoenteric-decompression tube care
Nasoenteric-decompression tube insertion and removal
Nasogastric tube care
Nasogastric tube drug instillation
Nasogastric tube insertion and removal
Nasopharyngeal airway insertion and care
Nebulizer therapy
Negative-pressure wound therapy
Nephrostomy and cystostomy tube dressing changes
Neurologic assessment
Nutritional screening
O
Ommaya reservoir drug infusion
Oral care

11
Oral drug administration
Organ donor, identification
Oronasopharyngeal suction
Oropharyngeal airway insertion and care
Oxygen administration
P
Pain management
Parenteral nutrition administration
Parenteral nutrition monitoring
Passive range-of-motion exercises
Patient-controlled analgesia
Percutaneous coronary intervention care
Pericardiocentesis, assisting
Perineal care
Peripherally inserted central catheter use
Peripheral nerve stimulation
Peritoneal dialysis
Peritoneal lavage, assisting
Permanent pacemaker care
Personal protective equipment
Postmortem care
Postoperative care
Preoperative care
Preoperative skin preparation
Pressure dressing application
Pressure injury care
Progressive ambulation
Prone positioning
Protective environment guidelines
Pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary artery occlusion pressure
monitoring
Pulse amplitude monitoring
Pulse assessment

12
Pulse oximetry
R
Radiation implant therapy
Radiation therapy, external
Radioactive iodine therapy
Rectal suppositories and ointments
Rectal tube insertion and removal
Residual limb care
Respiration assessment
Restraint application
Ring removal
Rotation beds
S
Safe medication administration practices, general
Seizure management
Self-catheterization
Sequential compression therapy
Sexual assault examination
Sharp debridement
Shaving
Sitz bath
Skin biopsy
Skin graft care
Skin staple and clip removal
Soaks
Spiritual care
Splint application
Sponge bath
Sputum collection
Standard precautions
Sterile technique, basic
Stool specimen collection

13
ST-segment monitoring
Subcutaneous injection
Subdermal drug implants
Surgical drain removal
Surgical wound management
Suture removal
Swab specimen collection
T
Temperature assessment
Therapeutic bath
Thoracentesis, assisting
Thoracic electrical bioimpedance monitoring
Tilt table
Topical skin drug application
Tracheal cuff pressure measurement
Tracheal suctioning, intubated patient
Tracheostomy and ventilator speaking valve
Tracheostomy care
Tracheotomy, assisting
Transabdominal tube feeding and care
Transcranial Doppler monitoring
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
Transcutaneous pacing
Transdermal drug application
Transducer system setup
Transfer within a facility
Transfusion of blood and blood products
Transfusion reaction management
Transvenous pacing
Traumatic wound management
Tub baths and showers
Tube feedings

14
U
Ultraviolet light therapy
Unna boot application
Urinary diversion stoma care
Urine collection, 12- or 24-hour timed
Urine glucose and ketone tests
Urine pH
Urine specimen collection
Urine straining, for calculi
V
Vaginal medication administration
Venipuncture
Ventricular assist device care
Ventricular drain insertion, assisting
Volume-control set preparation
W
Walkers
Water intoxication assessment
Weaning a patient from a ventilator
Wound dehiscence and evisceration management
Wound irrigation
Z
Z-track injection

Index

15
Contributors and consultants

Tuesday Adams, BSN, MSN, RN-BC, WCC

Department Head, Inpatient Services
Naval Hospital Camp Lejeune
Jacksonville, NC

Michelle Ahnberg, DNP, RN, PCNS-BC, CPON, CPN

Pediatric Clinical Nurse Specialist
Sanford Children’s Hospital
Sioux Falls, SD

Erin Alden, MN, RN-BC, CMSRN, ACNS-BC

Acute Care Clinical Nurse Specialist/Stroke Coordinator
UW Medicine Valley Medical Center
Renton, WA

Deborah Hutchinson Allen, PhD, RN, CNS, FNP-BC, AOCNP

Director of Nursing Research and Evidence Based Practice
Duke University Health System
Durham, NC

Katherine Balkema, MM, BSN, BA, RN-BC, CMSRN

Clinical Nurse Manager
Holland Hospital
Holland, MI

Patricia Barrella, MSN, RN, CHFN

Heart Failure Coordinator

16
Abington Memorial Hospital
Abington, PA

Donna Barto, DNP, RN, CCRN

Advanced Nurse Clinician
Virtua Health
Marlton, NJ

Patricia Beam, DNP, RN-BC

Coordinator, Pediatric Nursing Staff Development
University Hospitals of Cleveland, Rainbow Babies and Children’s
Hospital
Cleveland, OH

Emerald Bilbrew, DNP, MSN, BSN, RN, CMSRN

Nursing Faculty
Fayetteville Technical Community College
Fayetteville, NC

Melanie Bradford, RN, ADN, BSN, MSN

Clinical Nurse Manager, Medical-Surgical
Watauga Medical Center
Boone, NC

Christina Canfield, MSN, APRN, ACNS-BC, CCRN-E

eHospital Program Manager
Cleveland Clinic
Cleveland, OH

Tiffany Carollo, RN, MS, CNS

Nurse Educator, Patient Education
Long Island Jewish Medical Center
New Hyde Park, NY

Jodi Cerar, MSN, RN, CNOR

Nursing Education Specialist, Surgical Services
Mayo Medical Center

17
Rochester, MN

Jennifer Coates, MSN, MBA, ACNPC, ACNP-BC

Critical Care Nurse Practitioner/Assistant Clinical Professor
Chester County Hospital
West Chester, PA

Tina Collins, MSN, RN, CCRN, CNS

Critical Care Clinical Nurse Specialist/Sepsis Coordinator
Henrico Doctors’ Hospital
Richmond, VA

Melinda Constantine, RN, MSN, CMSRN, ONC

Assistant Director, Nursing Education & Operations
North-Shore Long Island Jewish Medical Center
New Hyde Park, NY

Jiajoyce Conway, DNP, CRNP, AOCNP, FNP-BC

Doctor of Clinical Nursing Practice, Oncology Nurse Practitioner
Cancer Care Associates of York
York, PA

Laurie Donaghy, MSN, RN, CEN

Assistant Nurse Manager
Temple University Hospital
Philadelphia, PA

Shelba Durston, RN, MSN, CCRN, SAFE

Staff Nurse
San Joaquin General Hospital
French Camp, CA
Professor of Nursing
San Joaquin Delta College
Stockton, CA

Ellie Franges, DNP, CRNP, CNRN

Nurse Practitioner—Neurosurgery

18
Lehigh Valley Physician Group Neurosurgery
Allentown, PA

Anthodith Garganera, MSN/MHA, RN, CMSRN, CNL

Clinical Nurse Leader
Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital of Plano
Plano, TX

Theresa Garren-Grubbs, MSN, RN, CMSRN, CNL

Undergraduate Nursing Instructor
South Dakota State University
Brookings, SD

Leona Elizabeth (Beth) Hawkes, MSN, RN-BC

Nursing Professional Development Specialist
Adventist Health Bakersfield
Bakersfield, CA

Genevieve Holmen, PhD, RN

Emergency RN
Sacred Heart Hospital
Eau Claire, WI

Laura Susan Hudson, RN, MSN, MS

Owner
Hudson Consulting
Flint, MI

Blaine Jumper, BSN, RN, CMSRN

Clinical Education
Jackson County Memorial Hospital
Altus, OK

Tamara Kear, PhD, MSN, RN, CNN, CNS

Associate Professor of Nursing/Nephrology Nurse
Villanova University
Villanova, PA

19
Karen Knight-Frank, MSN, RN, CNS, CCRN, CCNS
Clinical Nurse Specialist, Critical Care
San Joaquin General Hospital
French Camp, CA

Jennifer M. Lee, RN, MSN, FNP-C

Nurse Practitioner
Carolina Cardiology Consultants
Greenville, SC

Elisa Mangosing-Lemmon, BSN, MSN, RN, CMSRN

RN–Staff Development Coordinator
Riverside Doctors’ Hospital Williamsburg
Williamsburg, VA

Patricia Manning, RN, BSN, OCN, CRNI, CNN

Oncology Clinical Claims Specialist
Head of Clinical Oncology Education/Oncology Research
Eastern Maine Medical Center, Lafayette Family Cancer Center
Brewer, ME

Donna Martin, DNP, RN-BC, CMSRN, CDE

Associate Professor of Nursing
Lewis University
Romeoville, IL

Lillian McAteer, MBA, BSN, BHA, RN, CPAN

Nurse Auditor
Seton Healthcare
Austin, TX

Colleen McCracken, BSN, RN, CMSRN, CHPN, OCN

Staff Registered Nurse Educator
Froedtert Hospital
Milwaukee, WI

Pamela Moody, DNP, PhD, RN, FNP-BC

20
Nurse Administrator, Public Health
Alabama Department of Public Health
Tuscaloosa, AL

Karen Page, RN, MSN, ACNS-BS, CMSRN, RN-BC

Nursing Professional Development Specialist
Lakeland Regional Medical Center
Lakeland, FL

Rexann G. Pickering, RN, BSN, MS, MSN, PhD, CIM, CIP

Administrator, Human Protection
Director of Continuing Education
Methodist University Hospital
Memphis, TN

Joan Rembacz, RN, MS, APN, CCRN, CCNS, CEN, TNS, TNCC
Clinical Nurse Specialist, Trauma Nurse Specialist Coordinator
Centegra Health System
McHenry, IL

Cynthia Rothenberger, DNP, RN, ACNS, BC

Assistant Professor of Nursing
Prelicensure Program Coordinator
Alvernia University
Reading, PA

Paula Roy, BSN, RN, CMSRN

Clinical Nurse Educator
Southern Maine Health Care
Biddeford, ME

Noraliza Salazar, MSN, RN-BC, CCNS, CCRN-K

Cardiovascular Clinical Nurse Specialist
Seton Medical Center/Verity Health System
Daly City, CA

Rachel Schroy, DNP, MSN, ACNP-BC, CRNP

21
St. Luke’s University Hospital
Bethlehem, PA

Jere Shear, MSN, RN, CMSRN

Nurse Manager
Eastern Oklahoma VA Health Care System
Muskogee, OK

Jody K. Smith, DNP, MSN, FNP-C

Family Nurse Practitioner/Adjunct Nursing Instructor
Trident Technical College
Charleston, SC

Johanna Soyebo, RN, MSN, CCRN, WCC

Adjunct Faculty
Malcolm X College
Chicago, IL

Allison Terry, PhD, RN

Assistant Dean of Clinical Practice
Auburn University
Montgomery, AL

Karen Wessels, MSN, RN, CMSRN, CCRN (Alumnus)

Nursing Professional Development Specialist
Swedish American, A Division of UW Health
Rockford, IL

Wendy Woodall, MSN, CMSRN, CNE

Secretary of the General Staff
Office of the Surgeon General
Falls Church, VA

22
How to use this book

As a nurse, you’re expected to know how to perform or assist with literally

hundreds of procedures. From the most basic patient care, to complex
treatments, to assisting with the most intricate surgical procedures, you
need to be able to carry out nursing procedures with skill and confidence.
But mastering so many procedures is a tall order.
Newly updated with the latest evidence-based research, this eighth
edition of Lippincott Nursing Procedures provides step-by-step guidance
on the most commonly performed nursing procedures you need to know,
making it the ideal resource for providing the professional, hands-on care
your patients deserve.

The A to Zs of organization
With over 400 procedures covered in detail, the current edition of
Lippincott Nursing Procedures presents this wealth of information in the
most efficient way possible. Many procedures books use such categories
as fundamental procedures, body systems, and other types of procedures
(such as psychiatric care) to organize the material. But with the
proliferation in the number and types of procedures you need to
understand, such an organization can become difficult to manage.
To address this, Lippincott Nursing Procedures organizes all procedures
into an A-to-Z listing, making the book fast and easy to use. When you
need to find a particular procedure quickly, you can simply look it up by
name. No need to scan through the table of contents. No time lost turning
to the index, looking for the name of the procedure you want, and then
finding the right page in the book.
Once you’ve found the entry for a particular procedure in the
alphabetical listing, you’ll find that each entry uses the same clear,
straightforward structure. An introductory section appears first. After that,

23
most or all of the following sections appear, depending on the particular
procedure:
■ The Equipment section lists all the equipment you’ll need, including all
the variations in equipment that might be needed. For instance, in the
“endotracheal intubation” entry, you’ll see a general equipment list, which
is followed by separate lists of the additional equipment you’ll need for
direct visualization intubation and blind nasotracheal intubation.
■ As the name implies, the Preparation of equipment section guides you
through preparing the equipment for the procedure.
■ In the Implementation section—the heart of each entry—you’ll find the
step-by-step guide to performing the particular procedure.
■ Special considerations alerts you to factors to keep in mind that can
affect the procedure.
■ Patient teaching covers procedure-related and home care information
you need to teach to the patient and family.
■ Complications details procedure-related complications to watch for.
■ The Documentation section helps you keep track of everything you need
to document related to the procedure.
■ The expanded References section includes numbered citations keyed to
the main text of each entry. These numbered citations serve as the clinical
evidence that underpins the information and step-by-step procedures
presented in the entry. (There’ll be more on this in the next section of this
“how to” guide.)
The continued use of the A-to-Z organization in the eighth edition and
the clear structure of each entry make this book a powerful tool for finding
and understanding the procedures you need to know.

Evidently speaking…
Lippincott Nursing Procedures strengthens its evidence-based approach to
nursing care with an expanded numbered References section that appears
in each entry. As mentioned earlier, the numbered citations are keyed to
information that appears throughout each procedure.
As you read through an entry and come across a bullet describing a
particular step in a procedure, you’ll notice one or more red superscript
numbers following the bullet. These numbers are citations for studies
listed in the References section; the studies supply clinical evidence or
detail “best practices” related to that bulleted step in the procedure. This is
what is meant by evidence-based practice: a particular practice—say,

24
performing hand hygiene—is supported by the clinical evidence. This
evidence-based approach means the procedures you’ll read about in
Lippincott Nursing Procedures are best-practice procedures that rely on
solid, authoritative evidence.
As you look at the numbered references in each entry, you may notice
that many of them are followed by a level number. This level number
appears in parentheses after the reference as the word “Level” followed by
a Roman numeral that ranges from I to VII. These level numbers give you
an indication of the strength of the particular reference, with Level I being
the strongest and Level VII the weakest.
Here’s how the rating system for this hierarchy of evidence works:
■ Level I: Evidence comes from a systematic review or meta-analysis of
all relevant randomized, controlled trials.
■ Level II: Evidence comes from at least one well-designed randomized,
controlled trial.
■ Level III: Evidence comes from well-designed, controlled trials without
randomization.
■ Level IV: Evidence comes from well-designed case-control and cohort
studies.
■ Level V: Evidence comes from systematic reviews of descriptive and
qualitative studies.
■ Level VI: Evidence comes from a single descriptive or qualitative study.
■ Level VII: Evidence comes from the opinion of authorities, reports of
expert committees, or both.
In this book, the majority of cited references followed by a level are rated
“Level I.” These Level I references provide the strongest level of evidence
to support a particular practice. You can use these levels to gauge the
strength of supporting evidence for any particular practice or procedure.
Another important way Lippincott Nursing Procedures provides a more
evidence-based approach is by offering rationales for many procedure
steps. These rationales are set off from the main text in italics. For
instance, you may see a bullet like this: “Explain the procedure to the
patient and family (if appropriate) according to their individual
communication and learning needs to increase their understanding, allay
their fears, and enhance cooperation.” The second part of that bullet—the
italicized portion—is the rationale, or reason, for performing the first part.
The practice of answering the patient’s questions is supported by the
clinical evidence of the patient’s decreased anxiety and increased

25
Another Random Scribd Document
with Unrelated Content
 Mr. Hubert. What happened after that?
Mr. Reeves. Jack told me to let her have $5.
Mr. Hubert. You said Jack told you that?
Mr. Reeves. He said this—correct.
Mr. Hubert. Did she come over into your office?
Mr. Reeves. She was already on the phone, I believe, or he may
have called me—I don’t remember whether I called or she had
phoned, and anyway he said to let her have $5, and now, I think, he
said he would bring me down the money and make her sign a
receipt, which I did.
Mr. Hubert. You don’t know whether or not you just got on the
same phone she was talking on or whether Ruby called you
separately; is that right?
Mr. Reeves. I don’t remember—it seems to me like he called me
separately on my phone. You see, this is a little distance—he would
call me after he would get home and tell me to go see if he locked
his door in the club—he thought he might have left it open.
Mr. Hubert. What did he say when he called again?
Mr. Reeves. To take this $5 and let the girl—I can’t think of her
name—but let the girl have the $5 and have the girl sign a receipt
and I did, and he came and gave me the $5 and he picked up the
receipt.
Mr. Hubert. How do you know you were talking to Jack Ruby?
Mr. Reeves. Yes—well, I knew his voice.
Mr. Hubert. You have talked to him on the phone?
Mr. Reeves. Yes; lots of time.
Mr. Hubert. Well, you thought it was Jack Ruby, now, did he tell
you—he said he was Jack Ruby?
Mr. Reeves. Yes.
 Mr. Hubert. You have no doubt you were speaking to Jack Ruby?
Mr. Reeves. No, sir; no doubt but what it was him at all—no.
Mr. Hubert. That was the extent of your conversation?
Mr. Reeves. Yes, just the $5—let her have $5 because he wasn’t
ready to come down, and I let her have the $5 and made her sign
her name, just like he said, and he got in a little bit later and gave
me $5 and took the receipt.
Mr. Hubert. What kind of a receipt was it?
Mr. Reeves. Just a little piece of paper.
Mr. Hubert. Did you date it?
Mr. Reeves. Yes; I believe I did.
Mr. Hubert. Do you remember whether you put a time stamp on
it or not?
Mr. Reeves. I don’t believe I did—I don’t think so.
Mr. Hubert. Do you have a timeclock there?
Mr. Reeves. Yes.
Mr. Hubert. You just slip in a piece of paper and it automatically
notes the time of day?
Mr. Reeves. Yes, just a piece of paper you put in there, and it
stamps the time on it, but I don’t remember whether I did it or not
on this—it was a piece of paper.
Mr. Hubert. She signed it?
Mr. Reeves. Yes, she signed her name.
Mr. Hubert. And, this was the receipt—do you remember what it
said?
Mr. Reeves. No, sir; I believe I just said “Received $5—by Jack
Ruby” or “Received $5” and let her put her name—I don’t remember
whether I put Jack Ruby’s name upon that or not.
 Mr. Hubert. And that’s the record of it?
Mr. Reeves. Yes, that’s the record.
Mr. Hubert. What time was that?
Mr. Reeves. It was probably about 9 or 9:30—I don’t remember
exactly.
Mr. Hubert. I think you said a moment ago that sometime after
that Ruby came in?
Mr. Reeves. Yes, he came in—it was probably 30 minutes or an
hour or something like that; I don’t remember.
Mr. Hubert. All right, tell us what happened then?
Mr. Reeves. Well, he just came in and says, “Here’s your $5,” and
he never did anything about the receipt and I handed him the
receipt, just like I said.
Mr. Hubert. What did he do with the receipt?
Mr. Reeves. I imagine he put it in his pocket.
Mr. Hubert. You didn’t see him put it in his pocket?
Mr. Reeves. No, I didn’t see him—I wasn’t paying any attention.
Mr. Hubert. What was his condition when he came in that night?
Mr. Reeves. Not paying no attention to Jack Ruby—I didn’t pay
him attention—no attention to him, walking around in my place or
coming into my office then—I was busy and didn’t pay no attention
to him. You know, he’s in there all the time parking his car, and
when he come out of his club lots of times he would walk around
and into the office and talk to them that way, and he would say a
few words, and if he went out for sandwiches he would always ask
us if we needed any sandwiches or drinks or anything like that. He
was an awful nice fellow—awful nice.
Mr. Hubert. Did you notice whether he seemed to be crying or
upset about anything that night?
 Mr. Reeves. No, sir; I didn’t—I didn’t pay any attention to him, but
he seemed like—too, you see, I was in the office now, and the guy’s
lounge was back in here.
Mr. Hubert. Whose lounge—what lounge?
Mr. Reeves. The lounge in the office, and then the Saturday
morning, it seemed like, too, he would go back in the waiting room
and prance—walk around more than usual, but he always did walk
around—he had hard heels on, and you could hear him walking
when he would come out of his club. I would be sitting in the office,
maybe figuring up my back receipts, and I would hear him tapping
those heels and I would say, “It’s Jack Ruby, because he is coming
out of his club.”
Mr. Hubert. You say this night he was walking a little bit more
than usual?
Mr. Reeves. Yes; it seemed like he was a little bit more restless.
Mr. Hubert. Did you talk to him?
Mr. Reeves. No, sir; I didn’t pay any attention—I never thought
much about it, you know.
Mr. Hubert. Could you tell whether he was crying?
Mr. Reeves. No, sir; I really didn’t pay any attention to him.
Mr. Hubert. The only thing you noticed about his general conduct
that night that was different from other nights was that he seemed
to be walking around a little bit more?
Mr. Reeves. It seemed like he was a little bit more restless or
something, and I believe that night, too, he had his club closed. I
believe that sign—I believe he had a sign, if I remember, I really
wasn’t interested in his club. I had a pretty good job working for
Allright—it’s a pretty busy place, but it seemed to me like he had it
closed. I believe he did.
Mr. Hubert. Had you talked to Ruby earlier that day or seen him?
 Mr. Reeves. Let’s see, I came to work at 7; it seemed to me like
that Ruby was there when I got there. It seemed like he drove up
and then he left and then came back, it seemed like, and that’s
when he must have went home and this girl called him and then he
was at home and he wasn’t ready yet. It seemed like he told me he
was waiting on a call or something from somebody or something
and he told the girl he wasn’t ready to come down, or he told me he
wasn’t ready to give her the $5, you see, and he told me to give her
the $5 and to make out a receipt.
Mr. Hubert. And have you to give it to her?
Mr. Reeves. I had given her the $5 for him and I knew it was
good because he always paid me back if he owed me any parking—
he always paid it.
Mr. Hubert. Had you ever paid any employees money like that?
Mr. Reeves. No, sir; that there was the only one.
Mr. Hubert. While you were on the phone with him, did he tell
you that he was at home?
Mr. Reeves. Let’s see, I don’t believe he said where he was. He
just said he had an appointment or had a caller.
Mr. Hubert. But you didn’t call him?
Mr. Reeves. No, sir.
Mr. Hubert. Either he called you or you got on the phone?
Mr. Reeves. Yes, sir.
Mr. Hubert. When the girl had been talking to him?
Mr. Reeves. Or he called me, you know, I don’t remember just
exactly.
Mr. Hubert. But you are certain he didn’t tell you he was at
home?
Mr. Reeves. No, sir; he didn’t say where he was.
 Mr. Hubert. You did get the impression that he was?
Mr. Reeves. Yes; that’s right, just my impression he was at home.
Mr. Hubert. Do you know what that impression is based on?
Mr. Reeves. No, sir.
Mr. Hubert. Is it on anything he said?
Mr. Reeves. No, sir; he didn’t say anything about where he was.
Mr. Hubert. But he did say he couldn’t come because he was
waiting for a call?
Mr. Reeves. He was either waiting for a call or wasn’t ready or
something to come down, I believe is what he said.
Mr. Hubert. What time did he leave, you say, just about the time
you came on?
Mr. Reeves. I believe he went away about the time I came to
work, I believe he did.
Mr. Hubert. You saw him when he left, then?
Mr. Reeves. Yes; you see his car is parked there all the time, right
in front or his side by his club, that was in parking.
Mr. Hubert. So, about 7 or shortly thereafter he left the garage?
Mr. Reeves. I sort of believe he did.
Mr. Hubert. And the next time you saw him was when he came
back in just about a half hour or so after you gave the $5 to this
girl?
Mr. Reeves. Yes; and he brought my $5 back.
Mr. Hubert. Do you remember when he left after that?
Mr. Reeves. It seems to me he fooled around in the lobby, in the
back waiting room there a while and pranced around or walked
around and drove off—where he went from there, I don’t know.
Mr. Hubert. Did you see him any more that day?
 Mr. Reeves. Let’s see, it seems to me he came back down there
that night and fooled around the lobby.
Mr. Hubert. Did he park his car?
Mr. Reeves. You see, he always parked his own car—we didn’t
park his.
Mr. Hubert. He had a special spot there?
Mr. Reeves. Yes; he had a special spot there. We could move it up
and down, because he would leave his key, and we could move it up
and down as we had to move it in parking, but it seemed to me like
he left again to go—he was going home, and I told Mack, the
colored man that worked for me, I said, “That looked like Jack
Ruby’s car that went up the street.” You see, I sit on Commerce
Street and I can tell every car that passed if I just wanted to look
out, and it seemed to me, I told Mack that that looked like Jack
Ruby’s car that went back up the street, up Commerce.
Mr. Hubert. He didn’t have to check in with you to get his car
out?
Mr. Reeves. No, sir; he was a monthly parker, he paid by the
month. When his car was parked there, nobody fooled with it,
because he was a monthly parker. You see, the drive came in this
way [indicating] for all the ticket cars, and over here on the side,
was his parking place. Of course, we might park two or three in front
of his, but sometimes we would move his if a boy had to sweep or
something, we would have to move his car up and down and back
and forth.
Mr. Hubert. What time was it, about, that you saw him leave
again and made a comment to that effect to the colored boy?
Mr. Reeves. It seems to me like when he left he said, “I’m going
home,” and I told Mack, it looked to me Jack Ruby was going back
up the street and he said he was going home when he left, and, told
me earlier, “Boy, I’m going home.”
Mr. Hubert. You say usually he went out to his room in Oak Cliff?
 Mr. Reeves. And I told the boys, “That looked like Jack Ruby’s car
that went back up the street.” That might not have been him—
there’s lots of cars that looks like that, but that’s what I told Mack
Jones, the colored man there.
Mr. Hubert. What time was that?
Mr. Reeves. It was probably 9:30 or 10 or maybe 10 or over, I
wouldn’t say for sure, but I would just sort of estimate the time.
Mr. Hubert. That was after he had given you the $5 back?
Mr. Reeves. Yes.
Mr. Hubert. So, he didn’t stay in the club very long?
Mr. Reeves. No, sir; I don’t remember him ever going up in the
club that night. I don’t think he even went up in the club.
Mr. Hubert. In other words, he just came and gave you the $5,
picked up the receipt and left pretty quick?
Mr. Reeves. Yes; it seemed to me like he came back again and
fooled around in the lobby lots—he would come back and fool
around at the garage and my colored man was a good friend of his
and he always talked a lot to Jack Ruby—he talked to him and I was
a good friend to him, too, on account of that.
Mr. Hubert. Did you see him any more than that?
Mr. Reeves. No, sir; that’s the last time I have seen him.
Mr. Hubert. The last time you have seen him?
Mr. Reeves. Yes; I believe so.
Mr. Hubert. You didn’t see him Sunday morning before you went
off duty, did you?
Mr. Reeves. No, sir; I sure didn’t.
Mr. Hubert. Did you see him earlier on Saturday, the day after the
President was shot?
Mr. Reeves. Saturday after the President was shot?
 Mr. Hubert. Of course, you were off on Saturday morning until 7
that night?
Mr. Reeves. Yes; I am off in the daytime—I’m just there at night—
I couldn’t tell you whether I saw him.
Mr. Hubert. Did you see him on Friday night during your shift,
which ran from 7, November 22, Friday night, to 7 o’clock Saturday
morning, November 22–23, 1963?
Mr. Reeves. I can’t recall that in there so much. I wouldn’t want to
say for sure whether I seen him or not.
Mr. Hubert. Do you remember his making any comment to you
on—about the shooting of the President?
Mr. Reeves. No, sir; no, sir.
Mr. Hubert. Do you know a man by the name of Andy Armstrong?
Mr. Reeves. Yes.
Mr. Hubert. Who is he?
Mr. Reeves. He is a colored man that worked for Jack Ruby.
Mr. Hubert. How long had he been there, do you know?
Mr. Reeves. I think he was there—I think when he came there—it
was probably a year and a half or something like that.
Mr. Hubert. Have you talked to him since Ruby was arrested on
November 24?
Mr. Reeves. I probably have. He worked, you know, running the
club, but I never did have anything to do with him. You see, I was
always so busy.
Mr. Hubert. How did you know he was running the club?
Mr. Reeves. Well, he worked up in the club, I would see him up in
the club and the girls all parked right down there with me, and he
worked up in the club. They claimed he was sort of the guy that run
it.
 Mr. Hubert. You mean after Ruby was arrested or before?
Mr. Reeves. After.
Mr. Hubert. You never did talk to the man about the shooting on
the 22d?
Mr. Reeves. No, sir; none.
Mr. Hubert. Andy Armstrong?
Mr. Reeves. No, sir.
Mr. Hubert. Do you know a man by the name of Ralph Paul?
Mr. Reeves. Yes.
Mr. Hubert. How long have you known him?
Mr. Reeves. I have known him when I seen him; he parked in
there, too, and would go to Jack Ruby’s place.
Mr. Hubert. How often would he go, do you know?
Mr. Reeves. Sometimes he would come in there, say two or three
times a week.
Mr. Hubert. Did he park by the month?
Mr. Reeves. No, sir; a ticket on the car.
Mr. Hubert. And how long would he stay?
Mr. Reeves. Sometimes he would come and stay 3 or 4 hours.
Mr. Hubert. That was two or three times a week?
Mr. Reeves. Something like that.
Mr. Hubert. Have you ever talked to him since November 24?
Mr. Reeves. No, sir; the only thing is, when he pays the ticket, I
get his car for him.
Mr. Hubert. But you have never talked to him about Ruby since
November 24?
 Mr. Reeves. No, sir; I don’t believe he ever mentioned to me
about it.
Mr. Hubert. Do you know a man by the name of George Senator?
Mr. Reeves. Yes; I have seen that man there, too.
Mr. Hubert. Did he park his car in there?
Mr. Reeves. Yes; he has parked in there, too; he worked for Jack
some.
Mr. Hubert. Was he on a monthly basis?
Mr. Reeves. No, sir; a ticket car.
Mr. Hubert. Would you describe him for us?
Mr. Reeves. George?
Mr. Hubert. Yes.
Mr. Reeves. Well, he’s sort of a heavy set—a pretty big heavy set
man, I guess, about 5 feet 8 inches tall, or something like that, and
weighs probably 175 to 180 pounds, a pretty good size man.
Mr. Hubert. Bald headed, or slightly bald?
Mr. Reeves. I believe he’s got pretty good hair on his head.
Mr. Hubert. Did you ever notice any limp on him?
Mr. Reeves. Limp?
Mr. Hubert. Limp—yes.
Mr. Reeves. No, sir.
Mr. Hubert. Did Ralph Paul have a limp?
Mr. Reeves. I don’t believe he did. I don’t believe he limped—no,
sir; not as I know of. Well, Paul broke his foot after all that
happened, but you know, he went around in a cast on his foot with
crutches for a while.
Mr. Hubert. Well, when was that?
 Mr. Reeves. That’s since, you know, all that happened.
Mr. Hubert. That was after the 24th?
Mr. Reeves. Yes; he broke his foot; I don’t know how it happened.
Mr. Hubert. Have you ever talked to George Senator about Ruby
since the 24th of November?
Mr. Reeves. No, sir; I don’t believe he’s been in my place since
then. I don’t believe he has.
Mr. Hubert. Do you know a man by the name of Larry Crafard?
Mr. Reeves. No, sir; I don’t believe I know him—no, sir.
Mr. Hubert. I will show you some pictures of a man, there are
several of them there in different poses, and I would like for you to
look at them.
Mr. Reeves. [Examining pictures referred to.] Yes, I have seen this
guy there at Jack’s place. He worked for Jack some.
Mr. Hubert. Let the record show that the witness is examining
five photographs of different poses.
Mr. Reeves. Let’s see, I believe this is the same guy that worked—
let’s see some of these—I don’t know for sure, but I believe it is the
same one, too, I believe. All of these look like the same man to me,
do they to you?
Mr. Hubert. They are all five different poses.
Mr. Reeves. They look like the same man.
Mr. Hubert. Yes. These are all five different poses of Curtis
Laverne Crafard, taken on November 28, 1963, by the FBI and
forwarded recently to the Commission.
Mr. Reeves. He stayed up there with Jack Ruby some.
Mr. Hubert. Now, you identified this man as a man you know?
Mr. Reeves. Well, I don’t exactly know him—he worked for Jack
Ruby and he would come down to the window and chat with me—
right.
Mr. Hubert. Did you know his name?
Mr. Reeves. No, sir.
Mr. Hubert. Did you know his full name?
Mr. Reeves. No, sir; I don’t ever remember his name.
Mr. Hubert. How long did he work for Jack?
Mr. Reeves. Well, I would see him up there and when Jack would
leave, he would leave him in his place to guard it, guard his place.
Mr. Hubert. How do you know that?
Mr. Reeves. Well, I have seen him leave with Jack Ruby and Ralph
Paul and go off with them in the car, you know, at night, after they
closed the place up. I think they called it going to eat or something.
I have seen him leave with them two or three times in the car.
Mr. Hubert. Did you say he slept there?
Mr. Reeves. Yes; he stayed in the place.
Mr. Hubert. How do you know that?
Mr. Reeves. Well, I would see him go close the door and go up in
there and go over to the Eatwell Cafe and hang around maybe an
hour or so and go up there and lock the door.
Mr. Hubert. Did you figure he was staying there?
Mr. Reeves. Right.
Mr. Hubert. Did he ever tell you that?
Mr. Reeves. It looked like he was working for Jack Ruby.
Mr. Hubert. Did he ever tell you that?
Mr. Reeves. Yes, that he was living upstairs—yes, staying there.
Mr. Hubert. How long did he stay up in there?
 Mr. Reeves. It seemed to me he stayed there a couple of weeks
or something like that.
Mr. Hubert. When was the last time you saw him?
Mr. Reeves. It seems to me he disappeared—well, he
disappeared. I never did know any more of him—I don’t know
whether Jack fired him or he just walked off. You know how it is
around one of them garages—I just seen him there and see people.
Mr. Hubert. Did you see him during your night shift from 7 o’clock
on Friday, November 22, that’s the date the President was shot, until
the end of your shift at 7 o’clock the next morning?
Mr. Reeves. November 23d? Yes.
Mr. Hubert. I’m talking about the man whose picture you just
looked at.
Mr. Reeves. I don’t believe I did—I don’t believe I seen him
around there during that time.
Mr. Hubert. Did you see him and Ruby in the early hours of the
23d, Saturday, say about 3 or 5 o’clock in the morning?
Mr. Reeves. No, sir; I don’t believe I did—no, sir. I don’t think I
seen him.
Mr. Hubert. Did you see Ruby that morning, I’m talking about the
shift that runs from 7 o’clock on Friday to 7 o’clock Saturday
morning?
Mr. Reeves. Let’s see—what date was that?
Mr. Hubert. It would have been the 22d and the 23d, that was
the night of and the morning after the President was shot.
Mr. Reeves. No, sir. Let’s see, I may have seen Jack—I don’t
remember seeing this boy. I may have seen Jack.
Mr. Hubert. Do you remember Jack parking his car there early
Saturday morning the 23d?
Mr. Reeves. Saturday morning the 23d?
 Mr. Hubert. Before you got off, maybe 2 or 3 hours before you
got off?
Mr. Reeves. No, sir; I don’t think so. He never did come in that
early—before I got off—I don’t think so. Most of the time he came in
would be, I think, about 8 o’clock at night and maybe when he
closed up was 1 or 1:30 and he would maybe go off and eat and he
might run back to see if he locked his door. Sometimes he would call
me and have me to hold the phone while I ran in there to see if his
door was locked, and I would come back and tell him his door was
locked.
Mr. Hubert. You say it just looked like Larry had taken off?
Mr. Reeves. Well, I seen him going in and out of the place there
all of the time—I just missed him. I was not trying to keep up with
him—I just missed him. I was not trying to keep up with him, but I
just missed him.
Mr. Hubert. Do you remember when you missed him?
Mr. Reeves. No, sir.
Mr. Hubert. Did anybody tell you he had gone?
Mr. Reeves. No, sir; didn’t nobody tell me.
Mr. Hubert. Do you remember the last time you saw him?
Mr. Reeves. No, sir; I couldn’t say for sure the last time I seen
him. I think he stayed there a week or 2—I don’t remember—it
might be 3 weeks—I don’t remember. Sometimes he would come in,
he was a pretty friendly boy, and he would come there and wave at
me and I am pretty friendly too and I would see him when he was
working up there for Jack Ruby and maybe I would wave to him
when he came out and sometimes he would come over there and
talk to me at the ticket window while I was cashing tickets and chat
with him a few times, but I don’t remember him ever telling me his
name or anything, but he was a peculiar acting kind of a boy.
Mr. Hubert. In what way?
 Mr. Reeves. The way he would sort of bat his eyes like that when
he would talk and get around real fast when he would take off up
the street. He would walk real fast, you know, and all at once he
would just take off and go through the Adolphus Hotel lobby, is what
I mean. He claimed he had a girl friend over there—I don’t know
who it was.
Mr. Hubert. Where?
Mr. Reeves. Over there at the Eatwell Cafe—some girl was
meeting him over there.
Mr. Hubert. He told you that?
Mr. Reeves. Yes, he said, “I’ve got to go, I’ve got to meet a girl
over at the Eatwell.”
Mr. Hubert. Did you ever see him with a girl?
Mr. Reeves. No, sir; I never seen him with a girl.
Mr. Hubert. Where is the Eatwell place?
Mr. Reeves. It’s on Main Street, right in front of Nichols Brothers.
You go through the lobby of the hotel—I call it a lobby, I always say
lobby, but it is just a car drive, and you run into Main Street and it is
up two or three doors, and it’s the Eatwell Cafe. It stays open all
night.
Mr. Hubert. It’s on Main Street?
Mr. Reeves. Yes.
Mr. Hubert. Did he tell you that the girl worked there, or that he
was just meeting her there?
Mr. Reeves. He said he was going to meet her. I don’t know
whether she worked there or was just meeting him there, I just
don’t know. He said, “I’ve got to go and meet her.” I would talk to
him a few times—he was friendly—he would say, “I’ve got to go and
meet a girl.” Whether he has one—he seemed to be sort of a windy
guy in talking.
 Mr. Hubert. Did that happen once or more than once?
Mr. Reeves. I believe once or twice—I would say probably a
couple of times.
Mr. Hubert. Did anybody tell you he just took off and left?
Mr. Reeves. No, sir; nobody didn’t say anything. I just seen him
working, because Jack had a lot of boys like that working for him.
He had one boy that worked before this time for him, a Jewish-
looking boy, a stocky-looking boy. The fact of the business is, Jack
and him had a little trouble, and when they were having trouble up
in the place, they came down to where I could see him out in front.
Mr. Hubert. Who was having trouble?
Mr. Reeves. This boy—I don’t know his name.
Mr. Hubert. You mean the Jewish-looking boy?
Mr. Reeves. He was a Jewish looking—little short type guy, and
Jack—they was having trouble and Jack went up in the club and he
came down and I heard the boy say, “I’m going to go get a gun and
kill Jack Ruby,” and when Jack come back down, I told Jack, I said,
“Go back there and hide somewhere, he’s got a gun and he’s going
to kill you,” and Jack raised the turtle shell of his car there in the
parking lot and got his gun out and he went up to that whisky store
and hit him across the head with it.
Mr. Hubert. What whisky store?
Mr. Reeves. Right there up at the corner.
Mr. Hubert. You saw him do it yourself?
Mr. Reeves. No; I stayed out at the garage, but I heard the boy
say, “I’m going to get a gun and kill Jack Ruby,” and he said it real
down low, and when Jack came down, I didn’t want Jack to get
killed, and I said, “Go back there and hide. That boy said he was
going to kill you.” Instead of hiding like I told Jack, Jack reached
back up in his car and got his six-shooter out and went up to this
whisky store and tapped him with his gun like that [indicating].
 Mr. Hubert. When was that?
Mr. Reeves. It was when he went up to the store and I seen the
big guy come out across there.
Mr. Hubert. How long ago was that?
Mr. Reeves. It has been probably 5 or 6 months—I wouldn’t say
for sure.
Mr. Hubert. Did the police come?
Mr. Reeves. No, sir. Oh, yes.
Mr. Hubert. Did anybody arrest Jack Ruby?
Mr. Reeves. He didn’t bother Jack.
Mr. Hubert. How old a man is this boy—this Jewish boy Jack was
supposed to have hit?
Mr. Reeves. He looked like 30 years old or something like that.
Mr. Hubert. Where is the liquor store?
Mr. Reeves. It’s right up there on the corner. I believe I may have
the address here in my pocket—it’s the first one on the corner—
Segal’s—I believe.
Mr. Hubert. What corner is it on?
Mr. Reeves. It’s on the corner of Akard and Commerce—that’s it.
Mr. Hubert. What time of night did this happen?
Mr. Reeves. It was probably—I don’t remember just exactly,
probably about 10:30, 9:30 or 10:30, something like that.
Mr. Hubert. Did Jack Ruby come back right away after that?
Mr. Reeves. Yes, he came back to his place, I think.
Mr. Hubert. Right away?
Mr. Reeves. It wasn’t too long.
Mr. Hubert. It wasn’t too long?
 Mr. Reeves. No, it wasn’t too long.
Mr. Hubert. Was he arrested?
Mr. Reeves. I don’t think so.
Mr. Hubert. Was the other man arrested?
Mr. Reeves. I don’t think they arrested him neither. I think they
carried him to the hospital in an ambulance.
Mr. Hubert. Did you see the ambulance?
Mr. Reeves. Yes, I heard the ambulance come after him and after
he did that, he come back and worked for Jack. Jack buddied up
with him again, Jack was a good-hearted kind of a fellow, and he
came back and worked for him some more, and went away. I never
did learn his name, but some of them said he lived in Houston.
Mr. Hubert. You think that was about 6 months ago from now?
Mr. Reeves. Yes, I wouldn’t say for sure—it’s either—might have
been 3 or 4 months.
Mr. Hubert. Well, now, we are now in March, you know.
Mr. Reeves. Yes.
Mr. Hubert. So, if you say 6 months——
Mr. Reeves. It seems to me like it might have been over 4 months
—4 or 5 months—I don’t know for sure.
Mr. Hubert. You think it was in October or November of 1963?
Mr. Reeves. Let’s see, it must have been in about September.
Mr. Hubert. September 1963?
Mr. Reeves. I wouldn’t say for sure now, but it was, all I know is I
just remember being—it scared me, you know. I was scared, you
know, I didn’t want Jack—some kind of unknown guy to come along
and kill him, a guy just working for him, and I heard him say it, and
I told Jack. What I wanted Jack to do was go back there and hide
until the boy got in a good humor, you see.
 Jack Ruby—seemed—he was always a nice fellow to me and I
wasn’t thinking about him being rough enough to do something like
that. I really wasn’t, because I never thought no more about Jack
Ruby coming around in the garage, coming in my office around
there talking to me—he came around a lot of times late at night. He
maybe would stop by and say a few words and he treated me just
like a baby. He would bring me sandwiches and things like that and I
figured he was just a nice fellow, you know, is all I could figure out.
Now, he had a good many—I don’t remember—it seems to me
like he had several more. If there was anybody that came into town
that was broke and Jack knew it, he would take them in and get
them some clothes and feed them and give them some money.
Mr. Hubert. How do you know all that?
Mr. Reeves. Well, I would see him doing it. Whether the guy was
all right, I don’t know. They was strangers to me. I was working for
the Allright Co., worked 12 hours a night and have been for 2 or 3
years and I was just seeing things—seeing people doing it and I
thought he was running a legitimate place. I knew I was running a
perfect place, the parking system, and we’ve got lots of customers,
and you know, people parking in our place, going up to his club,
parking in there.
Mr. Hubert. All right, Mr. Reeves, is there anything else you know
about this—any other facts that might throw some light on the
assassination of President Kennedy or the shooting of Lee Oswald?
Mr. Reeves. Nothing that I know of, because I didn’t know
Oswald. If I ever seen him, I don’t remember. The only thing, after I
seen his picture in the newspapers and come out on the television
with the pictures and all, it seemed like his face got familiar, but I
never seen him before that I know of.
Mr. Hubert. You say you have seen pictures of Oswald in the
paper and all that?
Mr. Reeves. That’s right, and on television.
 Mr. Hubert. So that you formed the impression that maybe you
had seen him before?
Mr. Reeves. No, sir—well, it does seem like, you know, he got
familiar as I seen him on television and in the paper, but as far as
seeing him before, I mean before that happened, I don’t think I ever
did see him.
Mr. Hubert. Do you think he has any resemblance, does he look
like this man Larry Crafard, this man I just showed you a picture of?
Mr. Reeves. Well, I don’t think he favors him any—seeing him in
the pictures, but I wouldn’t think so—no, sir.
Mr. Hubert. Have you ever been interviewed by any members of
the Commission staff?
Mr. Reeves. By an FBI man.
Mr. Hubert. But, you haven’t been interviewed by me?
Mr. Reeves. No, sir.
Mr. Hubert. Before this deposition this morning?
Mr. Reeves. No, sir.
Mr. Hubert. Thank you very, very much, Mr. Reeves.
Mr. Reeves. I’m sure glad to tell facts if I knew anything, I would
just be glad to help, because I would be glad to help, because
President Kennedy was one of my best friends. I liked him better
than any man on earth—I sure did.
Mr. Hubert. Thank you very much, Mr. Reeves, for coming.
Mr. Reeves. Sure glad to.
Mr. Hubert. Thank you, that’s all.
TESTIMONY OF WARREN E. RICHEY
The testimony of Warren E. Richey was taken at 1:30 p.m., on
April 15, 1964, at the Post Office Building, Fort Worth, Tex., by Mr.
Leon D. Hubert, Jr., assistant counsel of the President’s Commission.

Mr. Hubert. Mr. Richey, I have to read some formalities here. My

name is Leon Hubert. I am a member of the advisory staff of the
General Counsel of the President’s Commission. Under the provisions
of President Johnson’s Executive Order 11130, dated November 29,
1963, the joint resolution of Congress No. 137, and the rules of
procedure adopted by the Commission, in conformance with that
Executive order and that joint resolution, I have been authorized to
take a sworn deposition from you, Mr. Richey.
I state to you now that the general nature of the Commission’s
inquiry is to ascertain, evaluate, and report upon the facts relative to
the assassination of President Kennedy and the subsequent violent
death of Lee Harvey Oswald. In particular, as to you, Mr. Richey, the
nature of the inquiry today is to determine what facts you know
about the death of Oswald and any other pertinent facts you may
know about the general inquiry and particularly whether a man
known as Jack Ruby was seen by you near the Dallas Police
Department on November 24, 1963.
Now, Mr. Richey, I think you have appeared here by virtue of a
letter addressed to you by Mr. J. Lee Rankin, General Counsel, for
the President’s Commission. Did you receive that letter more than 3
days ago?
Mr. Richey. I did.
 Mr. Hubert. All right, sir, would you please be sworn. Do you
solemnly swear that the testimony you are about to give in this
matter will be the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth,
so help you God?
Mr. Richey. I do.
Mr. Hubert. Will you please state your name.
Mr. Richey. Warren E. Richey.
Mr. Hubert. And your age?
Mr. Richey. 40.
Mr. Hubert. Where do you live, sir?
Mr. Richey. 1600 Grantland Circle.
Mr. Hubert. Fort Worth?
Mr. Richey. Yes, sir.
Mr. Hubert. What is your occupation?
Mr. Richey. TV engineer.
Mr. Hubert. What station?
Mr. Richey. WBAP-TV.
Mr. Hubert. How long have you been so occupied?
Mr. Richey. Thirteen years.
Mr. Hubert. What is the function in general of a TV engineer?
Mr. Richey. Well, it is all phases of operation of TV equipment.
Mr. Hubert. Were you on duty with the remote truck of WBAP-TV
in Dallas on November 23 and 24?
Mr. Richey. Yes.
Mr. Hubert. Where was the truck parked?
Mr. Richey. It was parked on Commerce Street facing east.
 Mr. Hubert. That is to say, facing what street? Pearl or North
Express?
Mr. Richey. I don’t know really. It was on the left-hand side of the
street facing east, right in front of the city hall, or whatever it is.
Mr. Hubert. Do you know where Harwood Street is?
Mr. Richey. Harwood? No, sir; I am not very familiar with the
streets.
Mr. Hubert. How far away from the corner was the back of your
truck?
Mr. Richey. Oh, I would say 40 or 50 feet, approximately. I don’t
know.
Mr. Hubert. How much room was there between the front of the
truck and the street curbing forming part of the entrance or exit
from the police department into Commerce Street?
Mr. Richey. Oh, 15 or 20 feet, I imagine. It wasn’t too far.
Mr. Hubert. Were you on duty on the 23d of November? That is
to say, Saturday, November 23, 1963?
Mr. Richey. Yes, sir.
Mr. Hubert. Was the position of the truck that you have just
described different on the 24th than that which you have described?
Mr. Richey. No, sir; it was moved in and left.
Mr. Hubert. Stayed there both days?
Mr. Richey. Yes, sir.
Mr. Hubert. What hours were you on duty on the 23d? That is to
say, Saturday?
Mr. Richey. I don’t remember exactly what time we got over
there. I think we had a 6 o’clock call from here, from Fort Worth.
Mr. Hubert. Six in the morning?
 Mr. Richey. Yes. And I think we would have pictures by 8 o’clock,
so I would say we were there somewhere around 6:30, I imagine.
Mr. Hubert. How long did you stay there?
Mr. Richey. It was till late that night. I am not sure of the time. I
believe it was around 8 or 9 o’clock, that night, but I am not sure.
Mr. Hubert. When you went home, you left the equipment where
it was?
Mr. Richey. That was on Saturday; yes, sir.
Mr. Hubert. What time did you go back to work on Sunday, the
24th?
Mr. Richey. Sunday, I think I’m mixed up here. Sunday was the
morning we had a 6 o’clock call. Saturday morning is the day we
moved in early. We had a 1 o’clock call.
Mr. Hubert. One o’clock?
Mr. Richey. Yes.
Mr. Hubert. So you worked from 1 in the morning until about 8
Saturday night?
Mr. Richey. It was rather not that Saturday night. We got back
about 6:30 on Sunday morning. Saturday night is the night we
stayed late.
Mr. Hubert. Now prior to the 23d, or the 24th, did you know a
man by the name of Jack Ruby?
Mr. Richey. No; I never heard of him.
Mr. Hubert. Never seen him before?
Mr. Richey. Never heard of him.
Mr. Hubert. Did you see Jack Ruby or a man that you have now
come to believe was Jack Ruby or know was Jack Ruby on the 23d
or the 24th?
 Mr. Richey. Not on the 23d, but on the 24th, that would be
Sunday, yes, sir.
Mr. Hubert. Now would you tell us about that.
Mr. Richey. Well, the man that I think was him and I am positive,
pretty sure in my own mind it was, he was just out on the street
alongside the truck in front of the building, the city court building.
Mr. Hubert. Was he in the street in the sense that the place
where the automobiles were, or on the sidewalk alongside the
building? On the left side of the truck then?
Mr. Richey. Yes, sir.
Mr. Hubert. Between the left side of the truck and the building?
Mr. Richey. Yes, sir.
Mr. Hubert. Where were you?
Mr. Richey. I was on top of the truck with a camera.
Mr. Hubert. Tell us what happened.
Mr. Richey. Well, the time that I saw him was, I would say, in the
neighborhood of 8 o’clock in the morning.
Mr. Hubert. Is there any way you fix the time?
Mr. Richey. Not definitely, because we were busy lining up
cameras, and I didn’t really pay much attention to the time, but I
would say it was somewhere in that neighborhood.
Mr. Hubert. What happened between the two of you?
Mr. Richey. Nothing, as far as I was concerned. I just saw him
out there.
Mr. Hubert. Did you hear him say anything?
Mr. Richey. No, sir; I never did hear him say anything, because it
was cold and I had a coat pulled up over my ears.
Mr. Hubert. How was he dressed?
 Mr. Richey. He had on a sort of grayish topcoat and sort of a
gray-looking hat, and he didn’t look like, you know, he didn’t look
very neatly dressed.
Mr. Hubert. Did he have a tie on?
Mr. Richey. I don’t recall.
Mr. Hubert. Did he have an overcoat?
Mr. Richey. Topcoat; overcoat.
Mr. Hubert. You think that was about 8 o’clock, in the morning?
Mr. Richey. The first time I saw him was somewhere in the
neighborhood of 8 o’clock. I am not positive.
Mr. Hubert. Do you remember how long he stood around there?
Mr. Richey. Well, I saw him again sometime, I would say, around
10 or a little before 10, and he was down past the ramp this time
that goes into the building—basement.
Mr. Hubert. Do you mean he was down past in the sense that he
had progressed ahead of the front of your truck?
Mr. Richey. Yes, sir; he was down.
Mr. Hubert. The Commerce Street entrance was between your
truck and him?
Mr. Richey. Yes, sir.
Mr. Hubert. Is there anything that drew your attention to him
then?
Mr. Richey. No; not really.
Mr. Hubert. Was he dressed in the same way?
Mr. Richey. At this time he was still dressed the same way. That
was the last time I saw him.
Mr. Hubert. Those two occasions were roughly separated by
about 2 hours, you think?
 Mr. Richey. Somewhere around there; yes.
Mr. Hubert. You didn’t know it was Jack Ruby?
Mr. Richey. No; I had no idea. I just thought he was a newsman,
because there were several out there walking around, and they
moved the people across the street, and he was one of the few that
was left.
This person was one of the few that was left out there, and that
is one reason I thought he was a newsman, because they weren’t
bothering the newsmen.
Mr. Hubert. Did you see him talk to any of the police that were
stationed along there?
Mr. Richey. No, sir; I didn’t see him talk to anyone.
Mr. Hubert. You said that the second time was about 10 o’clock?
Mr. Richey. Yes, sir.
Mr. Hubert. Is there any way in which you fix that time?
Mr. Richey. No, sir; not really. Well, it was about the time that we
thought they were to bring Oswald out. I think they told us it would
be about 10 o’clock. It was in that time period that we were sort of
looking for them to bring him out.
Mr. Hubert. Judging from the time that Oswald was actually shot
or measuring from that time backward, could you tell us how long it
was from the time Oswald was shot, backward until you saw Ruby;
or to put it another way, how much time elapsed from the last time
you saw Ruby until Oswald was shot?
Mr. Richey. It was an hour or better.
Mr. Hubert. Now can you tell us when was the very first time you
associated that man that you have just described as having seen at
8 o’clock and again at 10, or a little better, with Jack Ruby?
Mr. Richey. It was that night when I saw the rerun of the tape
that was made. And when I saw him, it looked like the same man
that was dressed differently, to me.
Mr. Hubert. Now did the reruns show his face?
Mr. Richey. Not too good.
Mr. Hubert. Did you ever see any mug shots?
Mr. Richey. I saw still shots.
Mr. Hubert. When did you see those?
Mr. Richey. The next day, I believe; whenever the papers came
out. It was the pictures in the Dallas Herald, I believe, the big full-
page picture.
Mr. Hubert. Do you know Ira N. Walker?
Mr. Richey. Yes, sir.
Mr. Hubert. Was he on duty on the same truck with you that day?
Mr. Richey. Yes.
Mr. Hubert. And I think Mr.——
Mr. Richey. Johnny Smith.
Mr. Hubert. Johnny Smith was too?
Mr. Richey. Yes, sir.
Mr. Hubert. Do you recall being in the company of them and
seeing mug shots relatively shortly after the shooting of Oswald on
TV?
Mr. Richey. No, sir; I didn’t see those. They were in the truck
where they could see the pictures, but I was out on top of the truck.
Mr. Hubert. Were you aware that they had seen the Ruby mug
shots and had associated them with the man that they had seen?
Mr. Richey. I don’t know. I don’t believe.
Mr. Hubert. In other words, when you saw the rerun, you
independently reached the opinion that it was Jack Ruby?