Vermvion de Loy seaccio> o2ales U3 a DEFINITION OF VOWEL SOUNDS A vowel is a syllabi¢ speech sound pronounced without any stricture in the vocalitraet. Vowels are one of the two ° rincpa classes of speech sounds, the other baifig’the consonant. gaso xhalada de las useoles M4, ARTICULATELY DESCRIPTION OF VOWELS When describing vowels fatticulately, you must keep two things in mind: vowel quality and vowel ‘quantity. Cankdao) 1.1 Quantity A term in phonetics for the léngth of a vowel usually ‘indicated in phonetic transcriptioniby allength marki[:] Gaal dad 1.2 Quality A term in phonetics for the property that makes one vowel sound different from another: for example, /i:/as in sheep from /1/as in Veale quay en togle’ ENGLISH PURE VOWELS (monophthongs) Vowels are produ¢ed’with the vocal tract open. For that reason, they are said to be articulated with an open articulation. Two principal elements participate in the production of a sound: vibration and resonance. In-the case of English vowels, they are all produced with vibration of the vocal folds, so'they are woiced sounds. And the escape of ‘airflow'from the lungs is always made through the mouth only, sothat means they are Oral’sound. The resonance effect is mainlyyproduced by the position of the articulators in the oral cavity, and in thisjrespect the only possible articulation is that of the fongue\position. © Three parameters are considered to €lassify a vowel sound: - According to the height of the tongue high, (mid or low vowels. *f instead of the height we consider the openness of the mouth, the same vowels can be Classified as close, ‘half-close/half-open or open vowels. - NeCOrding to the backness of the tongue vowels can be front, central or back vowels. ~ ACGOFdIng to the (rounding of the lips vowels can be spread, rounded or neutral vowels.Uses desléranles GLIDE VOWELS In opposition'to puré vowels that are produced without alteration of the lingual position, gliding vowels slightly change the position of the tongue’ While the vowel is being produced. This means that in the production of a glide vowel there are two Steps: first, the tongue adapts a starting position that remains for a short period of time and thenvadopt a final position that remains longer. “There are two glides in English: /j/ as in yell’and /w/ as in what. Lo» ckebsages togleres THE ENGLISH DIPHTHONGS Diphthongsiimply the movement from one vowel position to another vowel position. But in opposition to glides, diphthongs imply a starting position that last longer than the following position. © Diphthongs classify according to the following parameters: -Centring diphthongs: are those whose final position is a centraljvowel. Closing diphthongs: are those’whose final position is that of a close’ vowel. i TK, TX To ca veTo represent diphthongs, arrows are used on the vowel scale’to show) ‘AS we can see, the centring diphthongs glide towards the (schwa) vowel, as the arrows indicate! 10 AS in Weird, beard, idea. va AS in tOUF, sure, pure. & 60 AB in care, hair, chair? ‘AS we can $88, three of the losingidiphthones) glide towards (1) and two of them towards (u), Lae ‘as the arrows indicate. 1 AS in pray, page, pair. a1 AS in eye, five, Bi. 91 AS in €oin, BOY} ole) 2U AS in oUt, cow, house, au As in toe, foad, home. Xegkangss ‘TRIPHTHONGS They always imply the combination of three different positions of the (tongue. Triphthongs are the result of the combination of a closing’ diphthong plus a schwa. ate as in fire, tired, flyer e19 as in player, mayor, layer. 918 as in loyal, royal, employer. ave as in hour, power, tower. U9 as in lower, our!These parameters are represented on a cardinal voweliscaley Front Central Back Close Half-close Half-open Open ‘Unrouna’| | Roundy /a:/ open, back vowel .it has a neutral lips position. /3:/ half, central vowel ‘hips'are neutral. Ji:/ close) frontvowel. ips are slightly spread’ /9:/ half-close, back vowel ‘lips are founded » /u:/ d6seyback vowel JJips are rounded: /a/ Kalfopen, central vowel .it has a neutral lip position /e2/ open, front vowel lips are slightly’spready /e/ unstressed central vowel. /e/half-open, front vowel. tips are slightly spread) /1/ half-close, central vowel. Lips are slightly:spready /o/ open, back vowel ‘lips are slightlyrounded» /v/ half-close central vowel. Lips are rounded,