Scribd
Upload
35 views76 pages

Soft-Switching Power Converters

Uploaded by

mdsohail0240
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
35 views76 pages

Soft-Switching Power Converters

Uploaded by

mdsohail0240
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 76

EL106211EL

Power Converter Design

Soft-Switching
Power Converters

Dr. Rajan Kumar


Department of Electrical Engineering
National Institute of Technology Raipur
Contents:
• Performance comparison of hard switched and soft switched converters
• Soft switching techniques
• ZVS
• ZCS
• Quasi resonance operation.

References:
1. Ned Mohan, “Power Electronics, Converters, Applications, and
Design,” John Wiley & Sons.
2. Daniel W. Hart, “Power Electronics,” McGraw Hill Education

2
INTRODUCTION
• In the switch-mode operation, the switches are subjected to high switching stresses and
high switching power loss that increases linearly with the switching frequency of the
PWM.
• Another significant drawback of the switch-mode operation is the EMI produced due to
large di/dt and dv/dt caused by a switch-mode operation. Diodes with poor reverse-
recovery characteristics significantly add to this phenomenon
• These shortcomings of switch-mode converters are exacerbated if the switching
frequency is increased in order to reduce the converter size and weight and hence to
increase the power density.
• The aforementioned shortcomings are minimized if each switch in a converter changes
its status (from on to off or vice versa) when the voltage across it and/or the current
through it is zero at the switching instant.
• Since most of these topologies (but not all) require some form of LC resonance, these are
broadly classified as “resonant converters.”
SWITCH-MODE INDUCTIVE CURRENT SWITCHING
CLASSIFICATION OF RESONANT CONVERTERS
• The resonant converters are defined here as the combination of converter
topologies and switching strategies that result in zero-voltage and/or zero-current
switchings. One way to categories these converters is as follows:
(1) Load-resonant converters
• These converters consist of an LC resonant tank circuit. Oscillating voltage and
current, due to LC resonance in the tank are applied to the load, and the converter
switches can be switched at zero voltage and/or zero current.
1. Voltage-source series-resonant converters
(a) Series-loaded resonant (SLR) converters
(b) Parallel-loaded resonant (PLR) converters
(c) Hybrid-resonant converters
2. Current-source parallel-resonant converters
3. Class E and subclass E resonant converters
(2) Resonant-switch converters
• In certain switch-mode converter topologies, an LC resonance can be utilized
primarily to shape the switch voltage and current to provide zero-voltage and/or
zero-current switchings.
• In such resonant-switch converters, during one switching-frequency time period,
there are resonant as well as nonresonant operating intervals. Therefore, these
converters in the literature have also been termed quasi-resonant converters.
1. Resonant-switch dc-dc converters
(a) Zero-current-switching (ZCS) converters
(b) Zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) converters
2. Zero-voltage-switching, clamped-voltage (ZVS-CV) converters, which are also
referred to as pseudo-resonant converters and resonant-transition
converters.
(3) Resonant-dc-link converters
• The input voltage is made to oscillate around Vd, by means of an LC resonance so that the
input voltage remains zero for a finite duration during which the status of the inverter
switches can be changed, thus resulting in zero-voltage switchings.

(4) High-frequency-link integral-half-cycle converters

• If the input to a single-phase or three-phase inverter is a high-frequency sinusoidal ac,


then by using bidirectional switches it is possible to synthesize a low-frequency ac of
adjustable magnitude and frequency or an adjustable-magnitude dc, where the switches
are turned on and off at the zero crossings of the input voltage.
RESONANT SWITCH CONVERTER
ZERO-CURRENT SWITCHING

The current in the output inductor Lo is assumed to be ripple-free and equal to the load
current Io. When the switch is open, the diode is forward-biased to carry the output
inductor current, and the voltage across Cr is zero.
(b) When the switch closes, the diode initially remains
forward-biased to carry Io, and the voltage across Lr is
the same as the source voltage Vs. The current in Lr
increases linearly, and the diode remains forward-
biased while iL is less than Io

(c) When iL reaches Io, the diode turns off. If Io is a


constant, the load appears as a current source, and the
underdamped LC circuit oscillates. Consequently, iL
returns to zero and remains there, assuming the switch
is unidirectional. The switch is turned off after the
current reaches zero, resulting in zero-current
switching and no switching power loss.

(d) After the current in the switch reaches zero, the


positive capacitor voltage keeps the diode reverse-
biased, so load current Io flows through Cr, with ic =
‒Io. If Io is constant, the capacitor voltage decreases
linearly.

(e) When the capacitor voltage reaches zero, the diode


becomes forward-biased to carry Io.
Numerical Example
RESONANT SWITCH CONVERTER
ZERO-VOLTAGE SWITCHING

Beginning with the switch closed, the current in the switch and in Lr is Io, the currents
in D1 and Ds are zero, and the voltage across Cr and the switch is zero.
(b) (0 < t < t1) The switch is opened (with zero voltage across it), and iL = Io flows through the capacitor Cr,
causing vC to increase linearly
(c) (t1 < t < t2) When vC reaches the source voltage Vs, the diode D1 becomes forward-biased, in effect forming
a series circuit with Vs, Cr, and Lr . At this time, iL and vC in this underdamped series circuit begin to oscillate.
(d) (t2 < t < t3) When vC returns to zero, diode Ds turns on to carry iL, which is negative. The voltage across Lr
is Vs, causing iL to increase linearly. The switch should be closed just after Ds turns on for zero-voltage turn-on.
When iL becomes positive, Ds turns off and iL is carried by the switch.
(e) (t3 < t < T)When iL reaches Io, D1 turns off, and circuit conditions are back at the starting point.
Normalized output voltage vs Switching frequency
Numerical Example
SERIES RESONANT DC-DC CONVERTER
Numerical Example
Variations on
the Series
Resonant
DC-DC
Converter
PARALLEL RESONANT DC-DC CONVERTER

Cr
Numerical
Example
SERIES-PARALLEL DC-DC CONVERTER
Numerical Example
RESONANT CONVERTER COMPARISON
RESONANT DC LINK CONVERTER

You might also like