Sentence:

A sentence consists of a group of words that carry meaning. It starts with a capital letter and ends w
ith a fullstop. A sentence can be a statement, question, exclamation, or command. It consists of a m
ain clause and one or more subordinate clauses. Sentences can be short and simple or long and com
plex. It always had a finite verb.

OR

A set of words expressing a statement, a question, or an order, usually containing a subject and a verb.

Parts of sentence:
A sentence usually consists of a subject and predicates.

Subject: It is a noun or pronoun which does the action mentioned in the sentence. It usually occurs
at the beginning of the sentence.

Predicates: It is the remaining part of the sentence which starts with the verb.

For example:

I teach English.

Here “I” is subject and the remaining part which is “teaches English” is predicate.

Another example is:

The girl wearing the yellow dress is my classmate.

In above example the subject is “The girl wearing the yellow dress” and predicate is “Is my classmate”

Clause:
A clause is a group of words that contains a subject and a predicate (verb). Clauses are the building
blocks of sentences, and they can express a complete thought or idea.

There are two main types of clauses.

 1. Independent clause
2. Dependent clause
1. Independent clause: An independent clause is “a group of words that contains a subject
and verb and expresses a complete thought.”

Independent clause can be combined by using coordinating conjunctions. E.g. for, and, nor etc.

2. Dependent clause: A dependent clause is “a group of words that contains a subject and
verb but does not express a complete thought.”

Dependent clauses and independent clauses can be connected by subordinating conjunctions.

Punctuation:
Punctuation are the symbols that you use to divide written words into sentences and clauses. It helps
us to organize thoughts and makes easier to share ideas. Some of punctuations are given below:

Comma (,), period(.), apostrophe (‘), question mark (?) etc.

Example:

I am a student.

Sara’s brother is moving to U.S.

Conjunction:
Conjunctions are words that links other words, clauses, or phrases together. It can also be termed as
connectors. Conjunctions are mainly used to connect ideas, actions, or thoughts.

Two types of conjunctions are discussed below:

• Coordinating conjunctions: A coordinating conjunction is a word that connects

two clauses that are coordinate or equal. There are seven coordinating conjunctions,
and they can be remembered using the acronym FANBOYS.

For example: she wants clothes.

 I like pizza and I also like burger.

• Subordinating conjunctions: subordinating conjunctions are the words that link

an independent (main) clause and a dependent (subordinate) clause.
It is a word that introduces the dependent clause.

E.g. after, although, as, because etc.

For example: After the rain stopped, the children went outside to play.

In this complete sentence, the independent clause "the children went outside to play" provides the
main idea, while the dependent clause "after the rain stopped" adds additional information about when
the action took place.

Types of sentences:
There are many types of sentences but according to the structure we can divide sentence in three
types.

1. Simple sentence
2. Compound sentence.
3. Complex sentence

These sentences are furthermore described below:

Compound sentence
A compound sentence is a sentence that consists of at least two or more independent clauses, typically
joined with commas (,), semicolon (;), or coordinating conjunction like and, or, but etc.

For example:

I really need to go to work, but I am too sick today.

I like to read, and my sister enjoys painting,

They study hard, so they get good grades.

Rules for forming compound sentences:
When forming a compound sentence, you must use coordinating conjunctions to link the
independent clauses and be conscious of the punctuation as well. Given below are the points that
you should keep in mind when forming compound sentences.

• Remember that compound sentences are a combination of more than one main clause. A
main clause or an independent clause is a clause that can stand by itself and pass off as a
complete and meaningful sentence.

• Make sure you use a comma before the coordinating conjunction that links the two
independent clauses. The coordinating conjunctions that can be used to link the clauses in a
compound sentence are for, and, nor, but, or, yet so.

• In some cases, you can also form a compound sentence without the use of a coordinating
conjunction. When you do so, you must place a semicolon in between the two main clauses.

• As far as capitalization is concerned, you must capitalize only the first letter of the first
word in the compound sentence. Unless you are using proper nouns in the sentence, do not
think of capitalizing any other word.

• Note that you can also use conjunctive adverbs like however, anyway, meanwhile, likewise,
otherwise, etc. to combine the main clauses to form a compound sentence. If you are using
conjunctive adverbs, make sure you use a semicolon before it and a comma after it.

Complex sentences:
A complex sentence is a sentence that consists of an independent clause and at least one dependent
clause typically connected to each other using a subordinating conjunction.

Example:

My father laughed when I told a joke.

I did not finish my work because I reached home late.

 I will meet my friend after I finish my work.

Rules for forming complex sentences:

Let us look at what you need to focus on when forming a complex sentence.

• A complex sentence follows a particular structure. It should have at least one independent
clause and one subordinate clause.
• When forming a complex sentence, make sure you use a subordinating conjunction to link
them together. If the subordinating conjunction is used in between the two clauses, you need
not use a comma before the conjunction. In case the subordinating conjunction appears in
the beginning of a sentence forming a dependent clause, use a comma after it.

Example.

1. Subordinating conjunction in the beginning.

After we finish school, we will go to play.

2. Subordinating conjunction between the clauses

We will go for camping if the weather remains good.

Compound-complex sentences:
A compound-complex sentence is a type of sentence that contains at least three clauses—two
independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses—which equates to three sets of subjects
and verbs. This type of sentence is a combination of a compound sentence with a complex sentence
, hence known as compound complex sentences.

Compound-complex sentences can clearly convey more information than your standard compound
or complex sentence. Here are some examples of compound-complex sentences.

1. “There was heavy traffic in the neighborhood, so I used the GPS to find a quicker
route and was able to get there on time.” In this example, “there was heavy traffic in the
neighborhood” and “I used the GPS to find a quicker route” are two independent clauses
joined by the coordinating conjunction “so” and followed by the dependent clause, “and was
able to get there on time.”

2. “The cat ran away, but nobody was worried because he was trained to find his
home.” In this example, “the cat ran away” and “nobody was worried” are the two
independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunctions “but,” and followed by the
subordinate clause “because he was trained to find his home.”
Importance of compound and complex sentences:
Compound and complex sentences play a crucial role in effective communication and writing.
Understanding their importance can help writers convey their ideas more clearly and expressively.
Here are several reasons why compound and complex sentences are significant:

• Compound and complex sentences allow writers to express relationships between

ideas, adding depth and nuance to their writing.
• Complex sentences are particularly useful for conveying complex ideas or concepts.
• Complex sentences often express cause-and-effect relationships, showing how one
action or event leads to another.
• Well-constructed compound and complex sentences contribute to the overall flow
and coherence of a piece of writing.
• In professional contexts such as business communication or formal correspondence,
the use of compound and complex sentences can convey professionalism and
authority.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the study of compound and complex sentences is integral to mastering the art of
effective communication and writing. Throughout this assignment, we have explored the various
facets of compound and complex sentences, understanding their definitions and structures.

By delving into topics such as conjunctions, punctuation and clauses, we have gained a deeper
understanding of how to construct and utilize compound and complex sentences in our writing.