LABORATORY ACTIVITY 4

Rectifier with Filter

Members:
Bangcong, Khennie Arnell P.
Dicritan, Aznar B.
Prado, Carl Gerard C.
Sususco, Nick M.

Objective/s:
1. To plot the input and output waveforms bridge network full-wave rectifiers with filter.

List of Equipment and Component/s:

● Diodes: 1N4005
● Resistor: 3.3 kΩ, 5 kΩ, 7.68 kΩ, 10 kΩ
● Capacitor: 40 µF, 66 µF, 82 µF, 100 µF
● AC power supply or Function Generator
● Oscilloscope
● Multimeter
● Multisim

Theory:
Filter is another important part of a power supply. The output of the rectifier is a
pulsating DC; thus, a filter is needed to eliminate the ripples present in the output
signal. A simple capacitor can be used as a filter to the output.
Important formulas to consider in dealing with filters:
Ripple factor: 𝒓=𝑽𝒓(𝒑𝒑)𝑽𝑫𝑪

𝑽𝒓(𝒑𝒑)≅(𝟏𝒇𝑹𝑳𝑪) 𝑽𝒑(𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒕)

𝑽𝑫𝑪≅(𝟏−𝟏𝟐𝒇𝑹𝑳𝑪) 𝑽𝒑(𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒕)

1. Full-Wave Bridge Rectifier with Filter

a. Build the circuit shown in Figure 4.1 below.
b. Connect an oscilloscope across the load resistor/capacitor filter and
measure the output voltage.
c. Plot the output voltage waveform. Label the necessary points.
d. Connect a multimeter across the load resistor.
i. What is the peak-to-peak ripple voltage developed across the
load? (Include the output waveform and locate the value
needed)
ii. What is the dc output voltage developed across the load? (Include the
 output waveform and locate the value needed)
e. Analyze the circuit and calculate, theoretically, the peak-to-peak ripple
and dc output voltage developed across the load resistance. (Include
solutions of at least 1 test case)
f. Compare the theoretical value and the experimental values.
 g. Write all obtained values in Table 4.1.
h. Complete Table 4.2 using the indicated capacitor values. (Resistor value
remains at 3.3 kΩ)
i. What is/are your observation/s?
j. Complete Table 4.3 using the indicated resistor values. (Capacitor
value remains at 40 µF)
k. What is/are your observation/s?

Vo

Figure 4.1 Full-Wave Rectifier Circuit with Filter

Observations:
If we boost the resistance (Rl), the direct current voltage (Vdc) will go up. Likewise, if we
ramp up the capacitance (C), Vdc will also increase. Plus, when we increase C, the
resistance (r) drops, and vice versa. The difference between these changes isn't massive.

Vr(pp) r
Vdc

Constant Capacitance Resistance Resistance Resistance

Increase Increase Increase
Varying Resistance
– – –
Increase Decrease Decrease
Varying Capacitance CapacitanceIncrea Capacitance Capacitance
se Increase Increase
Constant Resistance
– – –
Increase Decrease Decrease
Graph of Full-Wave Rectifier with Filter Input/Output Waveform:
Table 4.1 Peak-to-Peak Ripple & DC Voltage

𝑽 𝑽
𝑫𝑪𝒔𝒊𝒎𝒖
𝑽
𝑫𝑪𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒐
𝑽

𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒅 𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍
(𝒓)𝒑𝒑𝒔𝒊𝒎𝒖𝒍 (𝒓)𝒑𝒑𝒕𝒉𝒆
𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒅 𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍
14.5V 12.63V 139V 93.69V
Hand Calculations:
𝑽
(𝒓)𝒑𝒑:

𝑽𝑫𝑪:

Table 4.2 Varying Capacitance, Constant Resistance

Theoretical Experime
Capacitor ntal

𝒑(𝒓 𝒓(𝒑 𝒑(𝒓 𝒓(𝒑

Value
𝑫
𝑽 𝑽 𝑽 𝑽
Discha
𝑽 𝑽

𝒆𝒄𝒕) 𝑪 𝒑) 𝒆𝒄𝒕) 𝒑)
rge
� Time

�
�

�
40 100 93.69 12.63 1.39 139 15.7 0.66
µF
68 100 96.29 7.43 1.41 140 5.73 1.122
µF
82 100 96.92 6.16 1.39 140 4.22 1.353
µF
100 100 97.47 5.05 1.38 140 3.06 1.65
µF

Table 4.3 Varying Resistance, Constant Capacitance

Theoretical Experime
Resistor ntal

𝒑(𝒓 𝒓(𝒑 𝒑(𝒓 𝒓(𝒑

Value
𝑫
Discha
𝑽 𝑽 𝑽 𝑽 𝑽 𝑽

𝒆𝒄𝒕) 𝑪 𝒑) 𝒆𝒄𝒕) 𝒑)
rge
� Time

�
�

�
3.3 kΩ 100 93.68 12.63 140 139 14.5 0.66
5.0 kΩ 100 95.83 8.33 143 140 10.9 1.122

7.68 kΩ 100 97.29 5.43 138 140 8.79 1.353

10 100 97.92 4.17 139 140 2.59 1.65

kΩ
Conclusions:

Our Lab Activity 4 on rectifiers with filters really helped us understand how AC
turns into DC. We successfully plotted input and output waves using different filter parts
in full-wave rectifiers, hitting our experiment goals. With diodes (1N4005), resistors (3.3
k, 5 k, 7.68 k, and 10 k), and capacitors (40 f, 66 f, 82 f, and 100 f), we got to dive into
rectification and filtering techniques hands-on. Using gear like an air conditioner power
supply, an oscilloscope, and a multimeter, we saw how changing resistor and capacitor
values affected the output wave while rectifying. This helped us understand the
importance of filters in smoothing out the bumpy DC output, making it more like a pure
DC signal. It also showed us how different resistor and capacitor values impact the
result, helping us make better choices based on what an application needs. Beyond just
theory, this practical experience improved our skills in working with electronic parts and
measuring devices.
Recommendations:

In labs, rectifiers are important because they turn AC power into DC. They work
by guiding the current to flow in one direction using diodes, which are like one-way
streets for electricity. Rectifiers find use in various lab setups, like circuits that process
signals, systems that charge batteries, and power supplies. Now, when it comes to
filters, low-pass ones allow lower frequencies to pass and block higher ones. High-pass
filters do the opposite, blocking lower frequencies and letting higher ones through.
Band-pass filters only allow signals within a specific frequency range to pass, ignoring
anything outside that range. And then there are band-stop filters, or notch filters, which
block certain frequencies while letting others go through.