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Medical Telemetry-prepared

The document discusses advancements in biomedical telemetry, focusing on small, low-power implanted devices that can monitor health data in real-time for early disease diagnosis and treatment. It details the powering methods, particularly inductive powering through a biotelemetry inductive link, and outlines the typical components of a biomedical telemetry system for data transmission. Additionally, it highlights advanced features such as GPS monitoring and emergency response capabilities for patients with chronic illnesses.

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unotefor
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2 views

Medical Telemetry-prepared

The document discusses advancements in biomedical telemetry, focusing on small, low-power implanted devices that can monitor health data in real-time for early disease diagnosis and treatment. It details the powering methods, particularly inductive powering through a biotelemetry inductive link, and outlines the typical components of a biomedical telemetry system for data transmission. Additionally, it highlights advanced features such as GPS monitoring and emergency response capabilities for patients with chronic illnesses.

Uploaded by

unotefor
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Biomedical Telemetry

1
Introduction
• Advancements in micro technologies have lead to the design
of small, reliable and low-power-consuming biomedical
devices that can be implanted inside a patient’s body by means
of a surgical operation.
• these implanted devices can sense data from inside the human
body in real-time, offering a unique opportunity for early
diagnosis and treatment of diseases.
• Powering is the delivering of energy to the implant from the
external world in order to make it work.
• Telemetry includes data transmission from the implanted
device to an external one, and vice versa.

2
Applications of Implanted Devices
• Sensors measure a biosignal from inside the body and
transmit this information to an external device.
• Sensors can measure body temperature, blood pressure and
glucose concentration, for example, and detect respiratory,
cardiac and arterial wall movements, the contraction of blood
vessels and cardiac pressure disorders.
• This allows several diseases, such as cancer or diabetes, to be
diagnosed in their very early stages, while critical medical
conditions, such as heart attacks or strokes, can be prevented.
• Stimulators receive information from the external world (in
terms of an external unit operated by doctors) and stimulate
specific nerves.

3
Powering the Implanted Device

• Implanted devices need energy in order to sense or stimulate.


• if the implanted device runs out of energy, it would become
useless and have to be substituted by surgical operation.
• Inductive powering of the implanted device is the most
promising solution. A pair of coils, one implanted and one
placed outside the human body, form a loosely-coupled
transformer, known as the biotelemetry inductive link. When
appropriately driven, the external coil creates an
electromagnetic field. The implanted coil, which is placed
close to the external one, captures a portion of this field and
current is produced.

4
Typical Biomedical Telemetry System

Figure 1. Simplified block diagram of a typical biotelemetry system.

5
Typical Biomedical Telemetry System
• At the external unit, a modulator circuit modulates the binary data
(“1”s and “0”s) to be transmitted from the external to the
implanted (internal) unit.
• The process modulates a property (amplitude, frequency, phase) of
a high frequency carrier signal (usually a sine wave with a frequency
of the order of tens of MHz) according to the binary data that is to
be transmitted, and is necessary for the transference of the signal.
• A Power Amplifier (PA) receives and amplifies the modulated signal
to produce an adequate transmitting power.
• Powering and bi-directional data transmission take place across
the biotelemetry inductive link consisting of the mutually coupled
external (L1) and implanted (L2) coils.
• The external (C1) and implanted (C2) capacitors are respectively
used to form a tuned-in-series external and a tuned-in-parallel
implanted circuit. The purpose of the tuned circuits is to achieve a
high voltage at the output of the implanted unit Vo using resonance.
6
Typical Biomedical Telemetry System
• At the internal unit, the received waveform is demodulated
and the originally transmitted binary data is recovered.
• At the same time, the received waveform is rectified and
regulated to deliver an appropriate supply voltage (and thus
power) to the implant.
• The internal unit can itself send information back to the
external unit. This information will be transmitted via the
biotelemetry inductive link and demodulated at the receiver
part of the external unit, as shown in Figure 1.

7
Additional Advanced Features of Biomedical
Telemetry System

 Small sized units can be carried by patients with recurrent or


chronic illnesses
• Monitor patient's geographic position using GPS
• Activate if patient has sudden illness or incapacitation, and then
send location & condition message to communications center
•Center can then send EMS unit directly to patient
• Could also be used for emergency remote treatment :
•External defibrillation if dysrhythmia sensed
•Medication injection for other sensed conditions

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