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STATISTICS Unit 7 Chi-Squared Text Answer

The document provides results from Chi-Squared significance testing, indicating insufficient evidence for claims of unfairness in dice and bias in patient attendance based on social class. It also presents evidence suggesting dependencies between various factors, such as absenteeism and accidents on days of the week, as well as the impact of question type on student performance. Additionally, contingency tables are analyzed to show relationships between different variables, with specific Chi-Squared values and critical thresholds noted.

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7 views

STATISTICS Unit 7 Chi-Squared Text Answer

The document provides results from Chi-Squared significance testing, indicating insufficient evidence for claims of unfairness in dice and bias in patient attendance based on social class. It also presents evidence suggesting dependencies between various factors, such as absenteeism and accidents on days of the week, as well as the impact of question type on student performance. Additionally, contingency tables are analyzed to show relationships between different variables, with specific Chi-Squared values and critical thresholds noted.

Uploaded by

Kids Grow Worksheet
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CMM Subject Support Strand: STATISTICS Unit 7 Chi-Squared

Unit 7 Chi-Squared Text Answers

7.2 Significance Testing


58
1. Calculated χ 2 = ≈ 3.412
17
From χ 32 , critical region, > 7.815 .
At the 5% significance level there is insufficient evidence to support the claim that the die is
not fair.

2. Calculated χ 2 = 5.5
From χ 52 , critical region, > 11.070 .
At the 5% significance level there is insufficient evidence to support the claim that the die is
biased.

3. Calculated χ 2 = 10.94
From χ 42 , critical region, 9.488.
At the 5% significance level there is some evidence to support the claim that the number of
absentees is dependent on the day of the week.

4. Calculated χ 2 = 13.2
From χ 62 , critical region, > 12.592 .
At the 5% significance level there is some evidence to support the claim that the number of
accidents is dependent on the day of the week.

7.3 Contingency Tables


1. χ 2 = 23.79 ; critical χ 2 = 9.210 (2 degrees of freedom); evidence that proportion favouring
expenditure on road improvements does depend on area.

2. χ 2 = 7.97 ; critical χ 2 = 9.488 - no evidence to suggest that patients attending the Centre
depend on social class;
χ 2 = 18.05 ; critical χ 2 = 15.507 (8 degrees of freedom), so there is evidence to suggest that the
reason for visits to the surgery is not independent of social class.

3. (a) χ 2 = 14.77 ; critical χ 2 = 13.277 (4 degrees of freedom) so there is evidence to suggest


that the number of books borrowed depends on the day of the week.
(b) χ 2 = 16.93 ; critical χ 2 = 13.277 (4 degrees of freedom) so there is evidence to suggest
that the length of employment is not independent of grade.

4. χ 2 = 17.01 ; critical χ 2 = 5.991 (2 degrees of freedom) so there is evidence to suggest that the
proportion of transferred cases is not independent of the surgeon.

1
CMM Subject Support Strand: STATISTICS Unit 7 Chi-Squared

Unit 7 Chi-Squared Text Answers


7.3
5. (a) χ 2 = 12.03 ; critical χ 2 = 7.815 (3 degrees of freedom) so evidence to suggest that the
work is associated with the type of question.
(b) Binomial and Poisson, since they have nearly equal responses.
(c) Consider the numbers who did not attempt the different types of questions; this gives the
contingency table:

Contingency Binomial Normal Poisson


table fit fit fit

Attempted 29 23 15 23 90

Did not attempt 1 7 15 7 30

30 30 30 30 120

This 2 × 4 contingency table gives χ 2 values of

(29 − 22.5)2 +
(1 − 7.5)2 +
(23 − 22.5)2 +
(7 − 7.5)2 +
(15 − 22.5)2 +
(15 − 7.5)2
22.5 7.5 22.5 7.5 22.5 7.5

+
(23 − 22.5)2 +
(7 − 7.5)2 ≈ 17.59
22.5 7.5

χ 2 = 17.59 ; critical χ 2 = 7.815 (3 degrees of freedom) so evidence to suggest that the


proportion of candidates attempting a question is associated with type of question.
(d) Clearly the students had a better understanding of 'contingency table' questions (only
1 did not attempt this); also, of those who attempted the other questions, they were more
successful at the 'Normal fit' questions.

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