1.

In a small island of population 1 million, there has been 5 new infections per day,
on average, from January to August 2020 (total 243 days). All infected patients are
required to stay in an isolated room at the quarantine facility for 14 days. How
many rooms in the quarantine facility are occupied on average? (Round to nearest
integer if necessary.)
a. Less than or equal to 39
b. Between 40 and 49
c. Between 50 and 59
d. Between 60 and 69
e. More than or equal to 70

Solution:
Little’s Law: Average Inventory (I) = Flow Rate (R) x Average Flow Time (T)
I = 5 x 14
I = 70

Alternative method:
!"#$"#!"%$"%!"&$"&!"'$"'!"!$"!!"($"(!")$(%'&+#&)
Average number of rooms = = 68.12
%'&

2. In a small island of population 1 million, there has been 100 new infections per
day, on average, from January to August 2020 (total 243 days). All infected patients
are required to stay in an isolated room at the quarantine facility for 7 days. How
many rooms in the quarantine facility are occupied on average? (Round to nearest
integer if necessary.)
a. Less than or equal to 99
b. Between 100 and 399
c. Between 400 and 699
d. Between 700 and 999
e. More than or equal to 1000

Solution:
Little’s Law: Average Inventory (I) = Flow Rate (R) x Average Flow Time (T)
I = 100 x 7
I = 700

Alternative method:
#$$"%$$"&$$"'$$"!$$"($$")$$(%'&+()
Average number of rooms = %'&
= 691.36

3. In a small island of population 1 million, there has been 20 new infections per day,
on average, from January to August 2020 (total 243 days). All infected patients are
required to stay in an isolated room at the quarantine facility for 21 days. How
many rooms in the quarantine facility are occupied on average? (Round to nearest
integer if necessary.)
a. Less than or equal to 99
b. Between 100 and 399
c. Between 400 and 699
d. Between 700 and 999
e. More than or equal to 1000
Solution:
Little’s Law: Average Inventory (I) = Flow Rate (R) x Average Flow Time (T)
I = 20 x 21
I = 420

Alternative method:
Average number of rooms =
%$"'$"($"5$"#$$"#%$"#'$"#($"#5$"%$$"%%$"%'$"%($"%5$"&$$"&%$"&'$"&($"&5$"'$$"'%$(%'&+%$)
%'&
= 402.72

4. In a small island of population 1 million, there has been 5 new infections per day,
on average, from January to August 2020 (total 243 days). All infected patients are
required to stay in an isolated room at the quarantine facility for 21 days. How
many rooms in the quarantine facility are occupied on average? (Round to nearest
integer if necessary.)
a. Less than or equal to 39
b. Between 40 and 49
c. Between 50 and 59
d. Between 60 and 69
e. More than or equal to 70

Solution:
Little’s Law: Average Inventory (I) = Flow Rate (R) x Average Flow Time (T)
I = 5 x 21
I = 105

Alternative method:
!"#$"#!"%$"%!"&$"&!"'$"'!"!$"!!"($"(!")$")!"5$"5!"9$"9!"#$$"#$!(%'&+%$)
Average number of rooms = =
%'&
100.68

5. In a small island of population 1 million, there has been 6 new infections per day,
on average, from January to August 2020 (total 243 days). All infected patients are
required to stay in an isolated room at the quarantine facility for 7 days. How
many rooms in the quarantine facility are occupied on average? (Round to nearest
integer if necessary.)
a. Less than or equal to 39
b. Between 40 and 49
c. Between 50 and 59
d. Between 60 and 69
e. More than or equal to 70

Solution:
Little’s Law: Average Inventory (I) = Flow Rate (R) x Average Flow Time (T)
I=6x7
I = 42

Alternative method:
("#%"#5"%'"&$"&("'%(%'&+()
Average number of rooms = = 41.48
%'&
 1. (Quality Management) Choose all the statements that are true.

(i) If the process is in statistical control, the process does not show any variation
in outcomes.
(ii) If the process is out of control, there exist assignable variations in the process
with high probability.
(iii) X-bar chart is useful when testing whether the dispersion of distribution
changes over time.
(iv) P-chart is useful in detecting assignable variation in the weight of B.L.T.
Sandwich in Subway (the fast food restaurant).
(v) Assignable variation may occur when a plant changes a supplier for raw
material.

Solution:
(i) Variation can occur in an in-control process but does not exceed the any of the
limits of the control chart.
(ii) The limits of the control chart are created based on a normal process, which
means that the common-cause variations are usually included already. An out-
of-control is usually due to assignable variations.
(iii) X-bar chart is used to measure the mean instead of dispersion.
(iv) P-chart is used to measure proportion instead of value alone (e.g., weight).
(v) Changing the supplier can be an assignable cause in case variations occur after
that.

2. (Quality Management) Choose all the statements that are true.

(vi) If the process is in statistical control, the process does not show any variation
in outcomes.
(vii) If the process is out of control, there exist assignable variations in the process
with high probability.
(viii) X-bar chart is useful when testing whether the dispersion of distribution
changes over time.
(ix) X-bar chart is useful in detecting assignable variation in the weight of B.L.T.
Sandwich in Subway (the fast food restaurant).
(x) Common-cause variation may occur when a plant changes a supplier for raw
material.

Solution:
(i) Variation can occur in an in-control process but does not exceed the any of the
limits of the control chart.
(ii) The limits of the control chart are created based on a normal process, which
means that the common-cause variations are usually included already. An out-
of-control is usually due to assignable variations.
(iii) X-bar chart is used to measure the mean instead of dispersion.
(iv) X-bar chart is used to measure mean value (e.g., weight).
(v) Common-cause variation always exists.

3. (Quality Management) Choose all the statements that are true.

 (xi) If the process is in statistical control, the process does not show any variation
in outcomes.
(xii) If the process is out of control, there exist assignable variations in the process
with high probability.
(xiii) X-bar chart is useful when testing whether the mean of distribution changes
over time.
(xiv) P-chart is useful in detecting assignable variation in the weight of B.L.T.
Sandwich in Subway (the fast food restaurant).
(xv) Common-cause variation may occur when a plant changes a supplier for raw
material.

Solution:
(i) Variation can occur in an in-control process but does not exceed the any of the
limits of the control chart.
(ii) The limits of the control chart are created based on a normal process, which
means that the common-cause variations are usually included already. An out-
of-control is usually due to assignable variations.
(iii) X-bar chart is used to measure the mean instead of dispersion.
(iv) P-chart is used to measure proportion instead of value alone (e.g., weight).
(v) Common-cause variation always exists.