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CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

Roving patrol is a security service where officers or personnel move through an area

in a random or irregular pattern rather than staying in a fixed location, and it monitors the

community for signs of criminal activity. The Local Government Unit plays an important

role in crime prevention within their jurisdiction. They are the local administrative division

in the Philippines which are typically carried out by Barangay Members and Barangay

Officers, and they are responsible for maintaining ordinance, peace and safety within their

respective barangay. The Barangay Tanods are responsible in conducting patrols, monitoring

areas, addressing crime issues, and assisting during emergencies. Moreover, roving patrols

provide opportunities for LGUs to allocate crime concerns, and engage with residents which

can foster a positive and safe environment.

According to Sentry Security (2021), roving patrol aims to monitor and survey the

specific area for unauthorized and suspicious illegal activities by regular patrolling, security

audits and investigation. Patrol officers are trained to provide excellent immediate assistance,

and they are responsible for reducing opportunities for individuals to cause damage or

property loss.

Therefore, the main objective of this study is to determine the effectiveness of roving

patrol in crime prevention in Barangay San Gabriel, Santa Maria, Bulacan. The researchers

are hoping to provide a better understanding about roving patrol and how it may contribute

to crime prevention.
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Background of the Study

Barangay San Gabriel is located in the Municipality of Santa Maria and Province of

Bulacan. It is a rural area which has a population of 9,630 according to the San Gabriel, Santa

Maria, Bulacan Census (2020), and according to the San Gabriel, Santa Maria, Bulacan

Census (2015), this Barangay has 1,885 households. According to the Barangay San Gabriel

Crime Rate Report requested by the researchers in March 2024, the total crime rate reported

for the year 2021 has a total of 22, for the year 2022 has a total of 23, and for the year 2023

has a total of 15. The environment of this area has few lamp posts which lack of lighting may

give an advantage for criminals to operate under the cover of darkness, and has plenty of

trees which may help criminals to hide and evade detection. Additionally, this area has

narrow roads which may give an advantage for criminals to escape and evade capture after

committing a crime, and because of these factors, this barangay is prone to crime.

Moreover, the environmental conditions in Barangay San Gabriel, such as limited

street lighting, a lot of trees, and narrow pathways presents challenges that make it prone to

crime. However, the implementation of roving patrol offers a promising solution to address

these security concerns. With its proactive and visible presence, roving patrol acts as a

deterrent to crime and facilitates swift responses to security threats. Through regular patrols

and attentive monitoring, roving patrol officers play a vital role in improving public safety

in Barangay San Gabriel. Thus, while environmental factors may heighten the area's

susceptibility to criminal behavior, the effectiveness of roving patrol serves as a valuable

strategy to mitigate these risks and safeguard the community.

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Theoretical Framework

This study focuses on five theories which are Deterrence Theory, Crime Prevention

Through Environmental Design (CPTED), Routine Activity Theory, Hot Spot Policing, and

Broken Window Theory.

In Deterrence Theory by Cesare Beccaria & Jeremy Bentham (18th Century), this

posits that the visible presence of law enforcement officers patrolling an area can deter

potential criminals from engaging in illegal activities. The idea is that the fear of being caught

or apprehended acts as a deterrent to criminal behavior. This theory is relevant to this

research on predicting the visibility of roving patrols as a tool that will help to decrease

criminal activity.

In Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) by Jeffery, R.

(1971), in this theory, it emphasizes the role of the physical environment in crime prevention.

The roving patrol can be viewed as a form of “natural surveillance” that enhances the

perception of safety and deters criminal activity by increasing the presence of authority

figures in public spaces. This theory suggests that roving patrols will contribute to a safer

environment by increasing natural surveillance and enhancing community perceptions of

safety, and through this, this theory is relevant to this study.

In Routine Activity Theory by Lawrence Cohen & Marcus Felson (1979), suggests

that in order for a crime to occur, there must be three things that need to happen at the same

time and in the same space. These are the potential offender, a suitable target, and the absence

of a capable guardian to prevent the crime from happening. This theory helps to show how

roving patrol prevents crime by being visible and being around. This can stop future
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criminals from doing bad things as a result of by being in the area and making it harder for

criminals to act.

In Hot Spot Policing by Sherman, L. et al. (1990s), it is a strategy within the field of

criminology and law enforcement in demonstrating the effectiveness of targeting specific

locations with high levels of criminal activity to prevent crime and reduce overall crime rates.

This approach focuses resources, including roving patrols, on specific locations or “hot

spots” with disproportionately high levels of criminal activity. By targeting these areas

proactively, law enforcement agencies aim to prevent crime and reduce overall crime rates.

Hot spots policing strategies focus on small geographic areas or places, usually in urban

settings, where crime was concentrated. Through hot spots policing strategies, law

enforcement agencies can focus limited resources in areas where crime is most likely to

occur. This approach posits that the targeted deployment of roving patrols in high-crime areas

will lead to the reduction of crime rates in those specific locations, through this, it is relevant

on determining the effectiveness of roving patrol.

In Broken Window Theory by James Wilson and George Kelling (1982), which is

about the idea that the visibility of care and order in a neighborhood will reflects to the crime

environment. If the minor visible signs of disordering such as broken window, litter,

vandalism or graffiti in the environment, it will reflect on the area that crimes are

uncontrolled and mismanaged by the police officers. This theory also suggests that the

cleanliness of the environment is the best sign whether the visible presence of officers is

active on addressing the minor disorder about environment management, and on maintaining

social controls about the behavior of residents. Through this, the concept of roving patrol is
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aligned in this theory because roving patrol is a strategy of policing the area to consistently

check and implement orders. And, its effectiveness depends on the visible signs in the

neighborhood or the barangay itself.

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Conceptual Framework

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

1. What are the

demographic profile of the
respondents in Barangay
San Gabriel?

2. How may effectiveness

of Barangay Tanod be
described?
Determined the
3. How may roving patrol Effectiveness of
be described? Survey Questionnaire: Roving Patrol in
To the residents of Crime Prevention
4. How satisfied are the
Barangay San Gabriel. in Barangay San
residents of Barangay San
Gabriel, Santa
Gabriel with the roving
Maria, Bulacan.
patrol?

5. What are possible

recommendations in the
study?

FEEDBACK
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FIGURE 1. PARADIGM OF THE STUDY

In this paradigm of the study, first is the INPUT (I), which indicates the demographic

profile of the respondents, effectiveness of barangay tanod, how may roving patrol be

described, how satisfied are the residents of Barangay San Gabriel with the roving patrol,

and the possible recommendations in the study.

PROCESS (P), show survey questionnaire to the residents of Barangay San Gabriel,

Santa Maria, Bulacan.

OUTPUT (O), the researchers aim to determine the effectiveness of roving patrol in

crime prevention in Barangay San Gabriel, Santa Maria, Bulacan.

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Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of roving patrol in crime prevention in

Barangay San Gabriel, Santa Maria, Bulacan. The study aims to gather answers to the

following questions:

1. What are the demographic profile of the respondents in Barangay San Gabriel in terms of:

1.1 Age

1.2 Sex

1.3 Years of residency

1.4 Frequency of roving patrol

2. How may effectiveness of Barangay Tanod be described in terms of:

2.1 Preparation

2.2 Schedule

2.3 Strategies

2.4 Implementation

3. How may roving patrol be described in terms of:

3.1 Number of Barangay Tanod

3.2 Duration of roving patrol

3.3 Equipment used

3.4 Method used

4. How satisfied are the residents of Barangay San Gabriel with the roving patrol?

5. What are possible recommendations in the study?

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Significance of the Study

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of roving patrol in crime prevention in

Barangay San Gabriel, Santa Maria, Bulacan, and to give importance to the residents of

Barangay San Gabriel, and other beneficiaries including the future researchers for the basis

of information that they may use for their research. The result of this study will benefit to the

following beneficiaries:

• Residents of Barangay San Gabriel. As the main thrust of this study, this research

will help them to be more informed about roving patrols in their barangay. Also, the result

of this study will give data to determine if their barangay have an effective roving patrol and

have a contribution in crime prevention.

• Barangay San Gabriel Officials. The result of this study may help them build better

relationships with the Residents of Barangay San Gabriel.

• Business Owners. This study will help them gain trust and build more establishments

on the barangay because they become more aware about roving patrols implemented by the

Barangay Officials.

• To the Future Researcher. This study will allow them to gain a more detailed

understanding of the present study as a guide, and it can give them additional knowledge on

roving patrol in crime prevention and discover valuable facts for this study.
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Scope and Limitation

The focus of this study is to determine the effectiveness of roving patrol in crime

prevention in Barangay San Gabriel, Santa Maria, Bulacan. This study is limited within the

Barangay San Gabriel only. It focuses on the demographic profile of the respondents, how

may effectiveness of Barangay Tanod be described, how may roving patrol be described,

how satisfied are the residents of Barangay San Gabriel with the roving patrol, and possible

recommendations in the study. Those from the outside of this barangay are not part of this

study.

The participants of this study were composed of 50 residents of Barangay San Gabriel

by using randomized selection. The survey questionnaires are conducted during vacant hours

of the respondents.

Definition of Terms

This part contains terms used in this research, and the following are defined

operationally:

• Barangay Peacekeeping Action Teams (BPATs). Are community-based volunteers

tasked with assisting in maintaining peace and order in the barangay.

• Barangay Public Safety Officer (BPSO). Also known as Barangay Tanod, are the

local enforcers assigned to maintain peace and order within the barangay.

• Barangay Tanod. A civilian volunteer who is appointed to a community brigade to

help maintain peace and order in a barangay.

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• Crime Prevention. The adoption of measures intended to reduce or inhibit criminal

activity.

• Criminal. One who has committed a crime.

• Deterrence. The prevention of something, especially war or crime, by having

something such as weapons or punishment to use as a threat.

• Hotspot patrolling. Refers to focusing law enforcement efforts intensively on specific

areas known for frequent criminal activity.

• LGU (Local Government Unit). A political subdivision of the Republic of the

Philippines at the provincial, city, municipal or barangay level.

• Ordinance. Is a law or regulation enacted by a local governing body such as a city

council or municipal authority.

• Preemptive. Done before someone else can act, especially to prevent them doing what

they had planned.

• Public Safety. A deterrent to crime and a safeguard against threats to public health and

safety.

• Random Spot Checking. To sample or investigate quickly or at random.

• Resident. A person who lives in the barangay on a long-term basis.

• Roving Patrol. It is a law enforcement activity where personnel physically available

in the area to observe and ensure the safety of everyone.

• Rural Area. It is characterized by a low population density and smaller communities.

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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents information consisting of foreign and local literature and studies

as well as synthesis relevant to the topic.

Foreign Literature

According to Ladders, T., & Scaffolding, O. (2020). The roving patrol is a strategy of

making the personnels visible in an area for random or regular inspection as prevention for

dangerous situations. It is required to check places and make people alert for possible harm

in surroundings. According to Cambridge University Press & Assessment (2024). The foot

patrol is an act of patrolling through walking on areas for inspection.

The roving patrol and foot patrol are similar concepts of patrolling an area.

According to Haberman, C., & Stiver, W. (2019). In the article of The Dayton Foot

Patrol Program: An evaluation of Hot Spots Foot patrols in Central Business District.

Evaluating the policing strategies and tactics are ways to determine the effectiveness of

policing. However, the effective policing from one location may not be considered as the

same level of effectiveness to the other location. But, having policing strategies are useful in

reducing crimes. The foot patrol was considered as one of those effective policing strategies

that helps in reducing crime when it was conducted to microlevel environment and hot spot

policing. After years, foot patrol was implemented with schedule on how long the pair of

officers must conduct on patrolling, and having hot spot location helps foot patrol to become

more useful in responding immediately.

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This article proves that foot patrol with a combination of hot spot policing was effective in

reducing crimes in Dayton, Ohio, United States of America.

In Andresen, M., & Shen, J. L. (2019). Entitled The Spatial Effect of Police Foot Patrol

on Crime Patterns: A Local Analysis. The effectiveness of foot patrol depended on the

officers' knowledge, tactics and manners. However, police officers cannot be everywhere all

the time because of limited budget and number of available personnel. But, despite of this,

foot patrol contributes in crime prevention as a way to have perspective on the situation of

every area. Also, foot patrol is a way for officers to familiarize each area.

This article also states that foot patrol with the efforts of officers was an effective strategy

on preventing crimes.

According to Wooditch, A. (2021). Entitled as The Benefits of Patrol Officers using

Unallocated Time for Everyday Crime Prevention. It states that random police patrol

personnel spread randomly anywhere was not effective in preventing crimes. It suggests that

officers must conduct patrolling with hot spot policing to use the unallocated time as more

valuable in preventing potential crimes. Time is valuable, the officers must manage it well

to become available during the situation that they need the most.

This article suggests that having a prepared strategy of policing rather than randomized

patrols will help the police officers to respond immediately and consider every time as

valuable. Additionally, patrolling with time management and specific strategy is an effective

combination to reduce potential crime.

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According to Weisburd, S. (2021). Police Presence, Rapid Response Rates, and Crime

Prevention. Routine changes of switching the set of personnel for day and night had an

impact on criminal behavior of people, because of the availability of personnel everytime

and there is no available time for the future offender to commit a crime. Without the presence

of personnel, the potential crimes might happen because there is no one in the area to inspect.

Also, having available personnel in the area is a way to respond immediately.

This article suggests that patrolling is effective in preventing potential crimes, but having

routine changes of switching personnel to be available everytime is more effective to respond

immediately.

Local Literature

According to Guelas, J. (2022). Assert that the Patrol service is essential and holds a

primary position in fulfilling the goals of law enforcement. It stands out as the sole police

service directly aimed at preventing misconduct by eliminating opportunities for it.

In this article, the author emphasizes the importance of the patrol service within the police

force, highlighting its key role in preventing misconduct directly.

According to Turno, C. et al. (2023). Barangay tanods are tasked with supporting

barangay officials in preventing crime and ensuring public safety through patrols (known as

"Ronda"), reporting any disturbances or unfair incidents to the appropriate offices,

monitoring the activities of criminals and illegal elements, assisting the National Police
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Commission (NAPOLCOM MC) 2008-013 and the "Lupong Tagapamayapa" in carrying out

warrants and other legal procedures, and offering support to barangay officials.

This article says that Barangay tanods' responsibilities encompass assisting barangay

officials in crime prevention and public safety measures such as patrolling and reporting

disruptions. They also aid in tracking criminals, executing warrants, and supporting barangay

authorities.

According to Sanchez, E. (2019). Suggests increasing the deployment of police officers

and barangay tanod in crime-prone areas, along with providing training for the tanod. She

also recommends offering self-policing training to community members, highlighting their

crucial role in preventing and solving crimes.

In this article suggests deploying more police officers and barangay tanod to high-crime areas

and providing training for the tanod. Additionally, she recommends offering self-policing

training to community members, emphasizing their significant role in crime prevention and

solution.

According to Arrieta, M. et al. (2022). Police-community relations are all about how

police officers and the people in their areas get along. When things are good, people feel

safer and trust the police more. But if things aren't so great, people might not trust the police

and could even feel scared. It's not just about how police talk to the public or help out. It is

also about how people in the community get involved.

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In this article define police-community relations as interactions between law enforcement

and communities, impacting trust and well-being. Positive relations build trust, while

negative ones lead to distrust and fear, also involving public relations and community

service.

According to Vallar, J., & Namoco, R. (2019). Explain that the challenge of the patrol

police location-allocation problem is to assign patrol police to key areas in the best possible

way. This task often involves various factors that may clash with each other. Their study

introduces the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and goal programming to address this issue

specifically for Cagayan de Oro City. Their findings indicate that this approach offers

improved police visibility and provides maximum protection compared to the current patrol

police deployment in the city.

In this article, they address the challenge of allocating patrol police effectively using analytic

hierarchy process (AHP) and goal programming for Cagayan de Oro City, showing improved

police visibility and better protection compared to current patrol police assignment in the

city.

According to Dalisay, S. N. (2021). The age of 18 to 30 years old is a reliable group

as respondents for issues related to barangay patrolling, and the research emphasizes the

active role of the youth in governance and public safety.

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This information suggests that the age 18 to 30 is a reliable group of respondents for barangay

patrolling studies.

According to Leyson, O. (2018). Patrols conducted from 10 PM to 12 AM

particularly in preventing crimes play a crucial role in maintaining public safety in barangays

during vulnerable hours like late-night shifts.

This information supports the duration of roving patrol in crime prevention, specifically

having late-night patrolling.

Foreign Studies

According to Bilach, T. et al. (2022). Foot patrol initiative by the New York City Police

Department aimed to reduce crime and gun violence but had limited impact. While it led to

decreases in certain property offenses, it did not significantly affect violent crime rates or

open-air shootings. These findings suggest caution in relying solely on foot patrols for crime

reduction in large patrol areas.

This study is related to roving patrol because of the same method they are doing on foot

patrolling. Foot patrol is an effective method to reduce crime in an area or community it

covers so they can protect their community, thereby decreasing illicit activities in the area.
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According to Leigh, J. et al. (2019). Police forces, dealing with funding cuts and

limited resources, must improve efficiency, especially in planning patrol routes for incident

response officers to enhance public safety.

This is similar to roving patrol, wherein you need to patrol an area to ensure that nothing

untoward is happening to prevent crimes.

According to Dau, P. et al. (2020). The studies analyzed the relationship between

routine police patrol and crime in urban areas, all conducted in Anglo-Saxon countries—two

in the United States, one in the United Kingdom, and one in Australia. Routine police patrol

are not focusing on on-going crime, instead, they are focused on having preventive strategies

to prevent the crimes before they happen. Also, one of the standard models of policing is the

patrolling, which is an effective way to conduct quick response during emergency calls.

In this study it highlights the concept of patrolling as an action on being available in the area

to prevent crimes. We need patrols in every area to prevent the spread of crime and deter

wrongdoers. Just like the police, barangay patrols are necessary to keep their areas safe.

According to Kim, D. et al. (2023). The statement underscores the importance of smart

policing through big data analysis for crafting effective crime prevention policies. Despite

recognition of its value, there's difficulty in translating data analysis results into tangible

policies. The South Korean police are actively engaged in research and field support to

address this gap, focusing on analyzing case connections and predicting future crime

locations and suspects.

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It requires knowledge to ensure that no one can escape if caught, so planning is necessary

and making sure that people comply.

According to Sorg, E., & Haberman, C. (2021). Foot patrols, dating back to the night

watch era, aim to create a constant presence and deter crime. The Philadelphia Foot Patrol

Experiment provided new evidence that foot patrols in high-crime areas have an impact on

crime rates.

This study is focusing on foot patrolling in the area and night watch to deter those who have

the intention to take the opportunity of the night to do the bad things.

Local Studies

According to Valenzuela, R. V., & Tamayo, M. R. (2021). The police implement foot

and vehicle patrols as part of their strategy to enhance visibility, which is crucial in reducing

both crime rates and the public's fear of crime.

In this study, the implementation of a type of patrol is a way to enhance community security

and crime prevention.

According to De Lumin, A. et al. (2021). Mobile patrol is a vital component of public

service, as it promptly addresses incidents, deters and hinder crimes, providing a sense of

security to those in need while dissuading potential wrongdoers through its visible presence.

This study emphasizes the use of patrol as to deter and provide security in the community by

providing mobile patrol as a visible presence of security.

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According to Aydinan, J. B. (2021). Patrol force and Barangay enforcers serve as force

multipliers for the Philippine National Police (PNP), tasked primarily with patrolling and

addressing incidents within their designated areas.

This study states that the patrolling is effective in the community and the contribution of this

operational strategy in crime prevention are deterring crimes and safety of the residents in a

community.

According to Vincente, J. et al. (2021). Foot patrols and curfew enforcement are a set

of tactics implemented by government bodies to address and mitigate criminal activities.

This study states that they use a type of patrol to mitigate criminal activities and the means

of crime prevention.

According to Patalinghug, M., & Sarcena, J. D. (2021). Patrolling is a proactive

operational measure aimed at decreasing the chances for potential criminals to engage in

unlawful activities.

This study emphasizes that patrolling is a means of proactive operational activities to engage

and decrease criminal activity.

According to Llanto, G. T., et. al. (2024). Females play significant roles in

maintaining safety and security within the barangay.

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The participation of females is especially relevant in this study to understand the

demographic profile of the Barangay.

According to Matildo, E. L. (2022). Respondents who have lived in a barangay for

11 to 20 years are often considered reliable due to their established knowledge of the

community and its dynamics.

This information supports this study to understand the residents who have witnessed local

developments and are likely to provide valuable insights into community safety issues.

According to Alcaraz, J. et. al. (2022). Patrolling once or twice a week is commonly

considered a standard practice to maintain a visible presence.

This frequency allows for effective monitoring and deterring criminal activities while

balancing manpower and resources.

According to De Asis, J. et. al. (2020). Barangay Tanod personnel are often assigned

at night to perform patrolling, and it is essential for maintaining order.

The personnel's involvement in nighttime patrolling supports this study on maintaining peace

and preventing crime in barangay.

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According to Saligan, M. (2018). Barangay Tanods' advanced and well-planned

patrol strategy can lead to improved community safety and residents' satisfaction.

This study suggests that implementing advanced strategies for patrolling can lead to greater

satisfaction and effectiveness in peacekeeping operations.

Austria-Cruz, M. C. (2020). The presence of Barangay Tanod personnel in the area

is effective in deterring criminal activity, and it is essential in preventing crime by providing

visible security.

This information suggests that the proactive involvement and visible presence of Barangay

Tanod in maintaining peace and order are the key elements in community safety.

Sumad-On, D. (2020). The placement of Barangay Tanod personnel in different areas

or distributing personnel across various zones within the barangay ensures coverage of a

much wider range of patrolling.

This information supports the implementation of patrolling by distributing the Barangay

Tanods in different areas of the barangay.

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According to Monte, A., et. al. (2023). Barangay Tanod utilizes transportation

methods like motorcycles or tricycles to conduct patrols, enabling them to carry multiple

personnel and respond quickly to incidents in their areas.

This ensures efficient deployment and enhances their ability to maintain peace and order

effectively.

Synthesis of Review of Related Literature and Studies

The Review of Related Literature and Studies that researchers gathered provides more

information about roving patrol. In the Philippines the term ''Ronda'' is an activity of

Barangay Tanods where they conduct patrolling by walking or with the use of vehicles to

inspect an area. The patrol personnels also known as ''Barangay Tanods'' are responsible for

the security of the Barangay, they have knowledge and familiarity in the area which they

combined these to respond quickly to an emergency and prevent potential criminals. The

visibility of patrol personnel is important in crime prevention, because it is a method that

creates fear for the offenders on doing illegal activities. Additionally deploying more

personnels in high crime areas is one of the strategies of roving patrol to respond immediately

and build power on making an impact.

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Furthermore, the relevant literature and studies gives information that the importance

of roving patrol is not just in barangay, but it is also used by other countries for crime

prevention, deterring crime, and fast response to make their community safe. Also, roving

patrol helps law enforcers by assisting and reporting about the present crime happening in

an area.

All information gathered from studies and literature proves that roving patrol is

essential in deterring crime because it makes the community safer. Thus, roving patrol

contributes to overall crime prevention. Those related literature and studies are similar to

ours on determining the effectiveness of patrolling for crime prevention, where patrol

personnels have a significant role to maintain a secure and safe place to live. The researchers

aim to evaluate how the Barangay San Gabriel conducts roving patrol, in terms of; First, the

preparation of personnel in their equipment and method used to be well prepared on

conducting roving patrol. Second, their schedule and strategies on implementing it and how

it will contribute to determine their effectiveness. The researchers used those related

literature and studies for foundation and basis to determine how effective the roving patrol

was in crime prevention, and relate it to the efficiency of the Barangay San Gabriel.
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CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the research design, respondents of the study, sampling

technique, research instrument, validation of instrument, data gathering procedure, and

statistical treatment of data.

Research Design

This quantitative research will be using a descriptive research design to gather the

needed information for this study. The researchers chose this design to collect the relevant

information that will help to describe the status of the variables. Therefore, it will provide

understanding in determining the Effectiveness of Roving Patrol in Crime Prevention in

Barangay San Gabriel, Santa Maria, Bulacan by using a survey questionnaire that will be

given to the respondents.

Respondents of the study

The respondents of this study are composed of 50 residents of Barangay San Gabriel,

Santa Maria, Bulacan. These participants are selected by random selection to gather the

reliable data directly from the beneficiaries of roving patrol.

Sampling Technique

Simple random technique will be used in this research for the reason that the

respondents are randomly selected from 9,630 population of Barangay San Gabriel, Santa

Maria, Bulacan Census (2020). The researchers will select 50 participants to gather reliable

data directly from them as main beneficiaries of the study, to avoid bias information.
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Research Instrument

Survey Questionnaire. The study was used the survey questionnaire as the primary

source of details in the collection of data it was categorized into four parts. Part 1 is about

the demographic profile of the respondents. Part 2 is about how may effectiveness of

Barangay Tanod be describe. Part 3 is about how may roving patrol be described. And Part

4 is about how satisfied are the residents of Barangay San Gabriel with the roving patrol.

This part will be measured using four-point Likert scale.

Table 1
Rating Scale Used in the Study

Scale Verbal Interpretation

3.26 - 4.00 Strongly Agree

2.51 - 3.25 Agree

1.80 - 2.50 Disagree

1.00 - 1.79 Strongly Disagree

Table 2
Rating Scale Used in the Study

Scale Verbal Interpretation

3.26 - 4.00 Strongly Agree

2.51 - 3.25 Agree

1.80 - 2.50 Disagree

1.00 - 1.79 Strongly Disagree

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Table 3
Rating Scale Used in the Study

Scale Verbal Interpretation

3.26 - 4.00 Very Satisfied

2.51 - 3.25 Satisfied

1.80 - 2.50 Moderately Satisfied

1.00 - 1.79 Not Satisfied

Online Research. The researchers used the internet to find and gather information in

reliable websites and pages to supplement the study. This approach provided additional

knowledge making the research process more convenient.

Interview to the Barangay. The researchers went to Barangay San Gabriel and

conducted an interview with Barangay Secretary. Through this, the researchers gathered

information about schedules, number of Barangay Tanod, and other related data to better

understand the roving patrol in Barangay San Gabriel.

Validation of Instrument

The researchers have issued a survey questionnaire that was approved by their adviser

along with the suggestions and adjustments.

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Data Gathering Procedure

The following procedures were done by the researchers:

1. Consent letter made with the thesis adviser's signature.

2. The researcher distributed the consent letter in the barangay to begin their research in

Barangay San Gabriel, Santa Maria, Bulacan.

3. Validation of questionnaire followed.

4. The researchers sought permission from their adviser, said barangay, and the respondents

to carry out and distribute the questionnaire to gather data.

Statistical Treatment of Data

Various statistical techniques were used to validate the data gathered.

Frequency. Frequency distribution provides a visual representation of the distribution of

observations within a particular test. Analysts often use a frequency distribution to visualize

or illustrate the data collected in a sample (Young, J., 2022).

Percentage. To calculate the percentage of any number, the number is divided by the whole

and multiplied by 100. It is used in data analysis as it helps in finding information on discrete

categories and collating statistical data.

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Formula:

F
P= ——— X 100
N

Where: P - Percentage

F - Frequency

N - Total Number of Respondents

Weighted Mean. Weighted mean is a type of mean that is calculated by multiplying the

weight associated with a particular event or outcome with its associated quantitative outcome

and then summing all the products together.

Formula:

Σfx
WM = ————
N

Where: WM - Percentage

F - Frequency

N - Total Number of Respondents

Σ - Summation Symbol
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CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents and interpret the data gathered based on problems formulated

in the statement of the problem in chapter 1. It deals with the results of the questionnaires

such as the presentation, analysis and interpretation of data.

Table 4
Demographic Profile of the Respondents.

1.1 Age Frequency Percentage Rank

18 – 30 years old 22 44% 1st

31 – 40 years old 11 22% 2nd

41 – 50 years old 9 18% 3rd

51 and above 8 16% 4th

Table 1 shows the demographic profile of the respondents. The frequency and

percentage are listed in the highest to lowest order. This data presents that the individuals

ranging the age of 18 to 30 years old are the “highest in rank”, with a percentage of 44% out

of the 50 respondents. Followed by 31 to 40 years old which has 22%, and 41 to 50 years old

which has 18%. Then, the lowest in rank is age 51 and above which ranked 4th and has 16%.

The age of 18 to 30 years old is a reliable group as respondents for issues related to barangay

patrolling, and the research emphasizes the active role of the youth in governance and public

safety. (Dalisay, S. N., 2021).

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Table 5
Demographic Profile of the Respondents.

1.2 Sex Frequency Percentage Rank

Male 17 34% 2nd

Female 33 66% 1st

Table 2 provides information on the sex of the respondents. The composition reveals

that female has the “highest frequency” that make up 66% of the total sample population,

while male represent 34%. Women in community-based activities have active participation.

(Llanto, G. T., et. al., 2024).

Table 6
Demographic Profile of the Respondents.

1.3 Years of Residency Frequency Percentage Rank

1 – 10 10 20% 3rd

11 – 20 19 38% 1st

21 – 30 6 12% 4th

31 and above 15 30% 2nd

Table 3 shows the years of residency of the respondents. This data shows that 11 –

20 years of residency is the “highest in rank”, with the percentage of 38%. Followed by 11

– 20 years of residency with the percentage of 30%, and 31 years and above with the 20%.

Then, the lowest in rank is 21 – 30 years of residency with the percentage of 12%.

Respondents who have lived in a barangay for 11 to 20 years are often considered reliable
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due to their established knowledge of the community and its dynamics. (Matildo, E. L.,

2022).

Table 7
Demographic Profile of the Respondents.

1.4 Frequency of Roving patrol Frequency Percentage Rank

Everyday 13 26% 3rd

1 – 2 times a week 18 36% 1st

3 – 4 times a week 15 30% 2nd

5 – 6 times a week 4 8% 4th

Table 4 shows the frequency of roving patrol. This data shows that 1 – 2 times a week

is the “highest in rank” with the percentage of 36%. Followed by 2 – 3 times a week with the

percentage of 30%, and everyday with the percentage of 26%. Then, the lowest in rank is 5

– 6 times a week with the percentage of 8%. Patrolling once or twice a week is commonly

considered a standard practice to maintain a visible presence. (Alcaraz, J. et. al., 2022).
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Table 8
How may effectiveness of Barangay Tanod be described in terms of:

2.1 Preparation 4 3 2 1 Mean Verbal Rank

Interpretation
1. Barangay Tanod personnel
are given training and
seminars by the barangay 8 33 8 1 2.94 Agree 4th
before conducting roving
patrols.
2. There are Barangay Tanod
17 31 0 2 3.26 Strongly Agree 1st
personnel available for duty.
3. Barangay Tanod personnel
have available equipment such
18 29 1 2 3.24 Agree 2nd
as radios, batons, whistles and
flashlights to use.
4. Coordination of Barangay
Tanod personnel with
government agencies (such as 19 26 4 1 3.22 Agree 3rd
the DSWD and PNP) helps
them work effectively.
Grand Mean Total 3.16 Agree
Legend: 4 – Strongly Agree; 3 – Agree; 2 – Disagree; 1 – Strongly Disagree.

Table 5 presents how may effectiveness of barangay tanod be described in terms of

preparation. The availability of barangay tanod personnel for duty ranks the highest, with the

mean of 3.26 and has a verbal interpretation of “strongly agree”. Followed by the availability

of equipment to use by the barangay tanod personnel such as radios, batons, whistles and

flashlights, with a mean of 3.24 and has a verbal interpretation of “agree”. And, coordinating
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with government agencies such as the DSWD and PNP helps barangay tanod personnel

perform their duties more effectively, with a mean of 3.22 and has a verbal interpretation of

“agree”. Then, the lowest in rank is the barangay tanod personnel given training and seminars

by the barangay before conducting roving patrols, with a mean of 2.94 and has a verbal

interpretation of “agree”. The grand mean for preparation is 3.16 with a verbal interpretation

of “agree”. Availability of Barangay Tanods for duty is a crucial role in ensuring public

safety and maintaining order in communities. (Turno, C. et al., 2023).

Table 9
How may effectiveness of Barangay Tanod be described in terms of:
2.2 Schedule 4 3 2 1 Mean Verbal Rank
Interpretation
1. Barangay Tanod personnel
conduct a weekly schedule of 15 33 1 1 3.26 Strongly Agree 2nd
patrolling.
2. Barangay Tanod personnel
conduct a morning schedule of 7 28 15 0 2.84 Agree 4th
patrolling.
3. Barangay Tanod personnel
conduct a night schedule of 17 32 0 1 3.30 Strongly Agree 1st
patrolling.
4. Having an on-time
switching schedule of
personnel contributes to the 12 32 6 0 3.10 Agree 3rd
effectiveness of roving
patrols.
Grand Mean Total 3.12 Agree
Legend: 4 – Strongly Agree; 3 – Agree; 2 – Disagree; 1 – Strongly Disagree.
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Table 6 presents how may effectiveness of barangay tanod be described in terms of

schedule. Barangay tanod personnel conduct a night schedule of patrolling ranks the highest,

with the mean of 3.30 and has a verbal interpretation of "strongly agree". Followed by the

barangay tanod personnel conduct a weekly schedule of patrolling, with a mean of 3.26 and

has a verbal interpretation of "strongly agree". And, having an on-time switching schedule

of personnel contributes to the effectiveness of roving patrols, with a mean of 3.10 and has a

verbal interpretation of "agree". Then, the lowest in rank is the barangay tanod personnel

conduct a morning schedule of patrolling with a mean of 2.84 and has a verbal interpretation

of "agree". The grand mean for schedule is 3.12 with a verbal interpretation of “agree”.

Barangay Tanod personnel are often assigned at night to perform patrolling, and it is essential

for maintaining order. (De Asis, J., et. al., 2020).

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Table 10
How may effectiveness of Barangay Tanod be described in terms of:

2.3 Strategies 4 3 2 1 Mean Verbal Rank

Interpretation
1. Random spot checking
during roving patrol is
11 30 7 2 3.26 Strongly Agree 2nd
effective in preventing
criminal activity.
2. Hotspot patrolling strategy
is effective in preventing 4 41 5 0 2.84 Agree 4th
potential crimes.
3. Advance planning is
effective in conducting roving 7 41 1 1 3.30 Strongly Agree 1st
patrol.
4. Strategy of collaborating
with government agencies is
13 34 3 0 3.10 Agree 3rd
effective in conducting roving
patrol.
Grand Mean Total 3.12 Agree
Legend: 4 – Strongly Agree; 3 – Agree; 2 – Disagree; 1 – Strongly Disagree.

Table 7 presents how may effectiveness of barangay tanod be described in terms of

strategies. The strategy of collaborating with government agencies is effective in conducting

roving patrol ranks the highest, with the mean of 3.20 and has a verbal interpretation of

"agree". Followed by the advance planning is effective in conducting roving patrol, with the

mean of 3.06 and has a verbal interpretation of "agree". And, random spot checking during

roving patrol is effective in preventing criminal activity, with the mean of 3.00 and has a

verbal interpretation of "agree". Then, the lowest in rank is the hotspot patrolling strategy is
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effective in preventing potential crimes with a mean of 2.98 and has a verbal interpretation

of "agree". The grand mean for strategies is 3.12 with a verbal interpretation of “agree”.

Barangay Tanods' advanced and well-planned patrol strategy can lead to improve community

safety and residents' satisfaction. (Saligan, M., 2018).

Table 11
How may effectiveness of Barangay Tanod be described in terms of:

2.4 Implementation 4 3 2 1 Mean Verbal Rank

Interpretation
1. The presence of barangay
tanod personnel in the area is
15 31 3 1 3.16 Agree 1st
effective in deterring criminal
activity.
2. Barangay Tanod personnel
effectively engage with the 13 30 6 1 3.06 Agree 3rd
community.
3. Deployment of barangay
tanod personnel on time is 14 31 4 1 3.14 Agree 2nd
effective in crime prevention.
4. Placement of barangay
tanod personnel in different
18 27 4 1 3.16 Agree 1st
areas is effective in crime
prevention.
Grand Mean Total 3.13 Agree
Legend: 4 – Strongly Agree; 3 – Agree; 2 – Disagree; 1 – Strongly Disagree.
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Table 8 presents how may effectiveness of barangay tanod be described in terms of

implementation. The presence of barangay tanod personnel in the area is effective in

deterring criminal activity, and placement of barangay tanod personnel in different areas is

effective in crime prevention have both rank the highest, with the mean of 3.16 and has a

verbal interpretation of "agree". Followed by the deployment of barangay tanod personnel

on time is effective in crime prevention, with a mean of 3.14 and has a verbal interpretation

of "agree". Then, the lowest in rank is the barangay tanod personnel effectively engage with

the community, with a mean of 3.06 and has a verbal interpretation of "agree". The grand

mean for implementation is 3.13 with a verbal interpretation of “agree”. The presence of

Barangay Tanod personnel in the area is effective in deterring criminal activity, and it is

essential in preventing crime by providing visible security. (Austria-Cruz, M. C., 2020). The

placement of Barangay Tanod personnel in different areas or distributing personnel across

various zones within the barangay ensures coverage of a much wider range of patrolling.

(Sumad-On, D., 2020).

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Table 12
How may Roving Patrol be described in terms of:

3.1 Number of Barangay Tanod 4 3 2 1 Mean Verbal Rank

Interpretation
1. There are 1 to 2 Barangay
Tanod personnel conducting 12 30 7 1 3.08 Agree 2nd
roving patrol every day.
2. There are 3 to 4 Barangay
Tanod personnel conducting 14 28 7 1 3.12 Agree 1st
roving patrol every day.
3. There are 5 to 6 Barangay
Tanod personnel conducting 7 24 17 2 2.72 Agree 3rd
roving patrol every day.
4. There are 7 to 8 Barangay
Tanod personnel conducting 6 21 21 2 2.64 Agree 4th
roving patrol every day.
Grand Mean Total 2.89 Agree
Legend: 4 – Strongly Agree; 3 – Agree; 2 – Disagree; 1 – Strongly Disagree.

Table 9 presents how may roving patrol be described in terms of number of barangay

tanod. There are 3 to 4 barangay tanod personnel conducting roving patrol every day ranks

the highest, with the mean of 3.12 and has a verbal interpretation of "agree". Followed by

there are 1 to 2 barangay tanod personnel conducting roving patrol every day, with a mean

of 3.08 and has a verbal interpretation of "agree". And, there are 5 to 6 barangay tanod

personnel conducting roving patrol every day, with a mean of 2.72 and has a verbal

interpretation of "agree". Then, the lowest in rank is there are 7 to 8 barangay tanod personnel

conducting roving patrol every day, with a mean of 2.64 and has a verbal interpretation of
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"agree". The grand mean for number of barangay tanod is 2.89 with a verbal interpretation

of “agree”. Having a sufficient number of personnel or more of the two Barangay Tanods is

crucial for maintaining public safety and deterring criminal activities. (Turno, C. et al., 2023).

Table 13
How may Roving Patrol be described in terms of:

3.2 Duration of Roving Patrol 4 3 2 1 Mean Verbal Rank

Interpretation
1. Having roving patrol from
10pm to 12am contributes to
17 26 6 1 3.18 Agree 1st
safer environment in the
barangay.
2. Extending roving patrol from
1am to 2am would strengthen
13 27 9 1 3.08 Agree 3rd
security measures in the
barangay.
3. Having roving patrol from
10pm to 12am & 1am to 2am
18 21 10 1 3.10 Agree 2nd
can prevent criminals from
committing crimes.
4. 10pm to 2am are the best time
for conducting roving patrol in 18 25 6 1 3.08 Agree 3rd
the barangay.
Grand Mean Total 3.11 Agree
Legend: 4 – Strongly Agree; 3 – Agree; 2 – Disagree; 1 – Strongly Disagree.
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Table 10 presents how may roving be described in terms of duration of roving patrol.

Having roving patrol from 10pm to 12am contributes to a safer environment in the barangay

ranks the highest, with mean of 3.18 and has a verbal interpretation of "agree". Followed by

having roving patrol from 10pm to 12am & 1am to 2am can prevent criminals from

committing crimes, with the mean of 3.10 and has a verbal interpretation of "agree". Then,

the lowest in rank are both extending roving patrol from 1am to 2am would strengthen

security measures in the barangay, and 10pm to 2am are the best time for conducting roving

patrol in the barangay, with the mean of 3.08 and has a verbal interpretation of "agree". The

grand mean for duration of roving patrol is 3.11 with a verbal interpretation of “agree”.

Patrols conducted from 10 PM to 12 AM particularly in preventing crimes play a crucial role

in maintaining public safety in barangays during vulnerable hours like late-night shifts.

(Leyson, O., 2018).

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Table 14
How may Roving Patrol be described in terms of:

3.3 Equipment Used 4 3 2 1 Mean Verbal Rank

Interpretation
1. Barangay tanod personnel
use radios to stay connected 21 26 3 0 3.36 Strongly Agree 1st
with other personnel.
2. Barangay tanod personnel
use batons as tools for self- 21 24 5 0 3.32 Strongly Agree 2nd
defense.
3. Barangay tanod personnel
use whistles to alert
16 28 6 0 3.20 Agree 3rd
community and signal for
emergencies.
4. Barangay Tanod personnel
use flashlights to illuminate
20 26 4 0 3.32 Strongly Agree 2nd
dark environments during
patrols at night.
Grand Mean Total 3.30 Strongly Agree
Legend: 4 – Strongly Agree; 3 – Agree; 2 – Disagree; 1 – Strongly Disagree.

Table 11 presents how may roving patrol be described in terms of equipment used.

Barangay tanod personnel use radios to stay connected with other personnel ranks the

highest, with mean of 3.36 and has a verbal interpretation of "strongly agree". Followed by

barangay tanod personnel use batons as tools for self-defense, and barangay tanod personnel

use flashlight to illuminate dark environments during patrols at night, with the mean of 3.32

and has a verbal interpretation of "strongly agree". Then, the lowest in rank is barangay tanod
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personnel use whistles to alert community and signal for emergencies, with the mean of 3.20

and has verbal interpretation of "agree". The grand mean for equipment used is 3.30 with a

verbal interpretation of “strongly agree”. The use of radios by Barangay Tanod personnel is

recognized as an effective tool for ensuring seamless communication during their patrols and

other peacekeeping duties. (Turno, C. et al., 2023).

Table 15
How may Roving Patrol be described in terms of:

3.4 Method Used 4 3 2 1 Mean Verbal Rank

Interpretation
1. Barangay tanod personnel
conduct foot patrols to check 11 32 6 1 3.08 Agree 3rd
the area.
2. Barangay tanod personnel
conduct roving patrols with
14 30 5 1 3.12 Agree 2nd
the help of motorcycles to
respond immediately.
3. Barangay tanod personnel
conduct roving patrol with the
help of bullet/tricycle to carry 14 29 6 1 3.14 Agree 1st
at least 3 personnel and
respond immediately.
4. Barangay tanod personnel
conduct roving patrol with the
13 29 7 1 3.08 Agree 3rd
help of mobile units to carry
more personnel.
Grand Mean Total 3.10 Agree
Legend: 4 – Strongly Agree; 3 – Agree; 2 – Disagree; 1 – Strongly Disagree.
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Table 12 presents how may roving patrol be described in terms of method used.

Barangay tanod personnel conduct roving patrols with the help of bullet/tricycle to carry at

least 3 personnel and respond immediately ranks the highest, with the mean of 3.14 and has

verbal interpretation of "agree". Followed by Barangay tanod personnel conduct roving

patrols with the help of motorcycles to respond immediately, with the mean of 3.12 and has

verbal interpretation of "agree". Then, the lowest rank is both barangay tanod personnel

conduct foot patrols to check the area, and conduct roving patrols with the help of mobile

units to carry more personnel, with the mean of 3.08 and has verbal interpretation of "agree".

The grand mean for method used is 3.10 with a verbal interpretation of “agree”. Barangay

Tanod utilizes transportation methods like motorcycles or tricycles to conduct patrols,

enabling them to carry multiple personnel and respond quickly to incidents in their areas.

(Monte, A., et. al., 2023).

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Table 16
How satisfied are the resident of Barangay San Gabriel with the roving patrol?

4 3 2 1 Mean Verbal Rank

Interpretation
1. I am satisfied with the
roving patrol in our Barangay
15 25 5 5 3.00 Satisfied 1st
for making it safe and secure
against potential crimes.
2. I am satisfied with the
roving patrol in our barangay
11 31 3 5 2.96 Satisfied 2nd
for their quick responses
during emergencies.
3. I am satisfied with the
roving patrol in our barangay
for promoting a friendly 11 31 3 5 2.96 Satisfied 2nd
environment within the
Barangay.
4. I am satisfied with the
roving patrol in our barangay
for the efficiency of their 11 32 3 4 3.00 Satisfied 1st
personnel in performing their
duties and responsibilities.
Grand Mean Total 2.98 Satisfied
Legend: 4 – Very Satisfied; 3 – Satisfied; 2 – Moderately Satisfied; 1 – Not Satisfied.

Table 13 presents how satisfied are the residents of Barangay San Gabriel with the

roving patrol. I am satisfied with the roving patrol in our Barangay for making it safe and

secure against potential criminals, and I am satisfied with the roving patrol in our Barangay
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for the efficiency of their personnel in performing their duties and responsibilities have both

rank the highest, with the mean of 3.00 and has a verbal interpretation of "satisfied". Then,

the lowest rank is both I am satisfied with the roving patrol in our Barangay for quick

responses during emergencies, and I am satisfied with the roving patrol in our Barangay for

promoting a friendly environment within the barangay, with the mean of 2.96 and has verbal

interpretation of "satisfied". The grand mean for the satisfaction of the residents is 2.98 with

a verbal interpretation of “satisfied”. Residents are satisfied with the patrolling in their

Barangay in terms of making it safe and secure against potential crimes with the help of

Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT). (Saligan, M., et. al., 2018). Residents often

express satisfaction with the effectiveness of roving patrols conducted by barangay

personnel, citing their visibility and swift response to issues as critical factors in maintaining

safety and order. This highlighted community satisfaction with Barangay Peacemaking

Action Teams (BPAT) due to their performance in crime prevention, surveillance, and

response to emergencies. (Austria-Cruz, M. C., 2020).

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CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

This chapter present the summary of findings, the conclusions derived from this

synthesis, and the study's recommendations based on the categorized findings.

Summary of Findings

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of roving patrol in crime prevention

in Barangay San Gabriel, Santa Maria, Bulacan. The study aims to gather answers to the

following questions:

1. What are the demographic profile of the respondents in Barangay San Gabriel in terms of:

1.1 Age

1.2 Sex

1.3 Years of Residency

1.4 Frequency of Roving Patrol

2. How may effectiveness of Barangay Tanod be described?

3. How may roving patrol be described?

4. How satisfied are the residents of Barangay San Gabriel with the roving patrol?

5. What are possible recommendations in the study?

In this study, the descriptive method was used. The study used a questionnaire that

was created by the researchers and duly validated based on the research questionnaire's

validation requirements. The questionnaire was answered by the selected residents of the

Barangay San Gabriel, Santa Maria, Bulacan. The percentage, weighted mean, and ranking

were the fundamental statistical measures used to present and interpret the gathered data in
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a descriptive manner. The average weighted mean (AWM) was calculated using the weighted

value as a starting point.

Conclusion

1. Based on the findings, most of the respondents are female, aged between 18 and 30,

with 11 to 20 years of residency, and typically observed roving patrols 1 to 2 times a

week.

2. Based on the findings, the effectiveness of barangay tanod in terms of schedule

regarding the implementation of night schedule of patrolling conducted by barangay

tanod personnel has the highest mean score of 3.30 and has a verbal interpretation of

strongly agree. This aspect reflects the strengths of the barangay tanod’s roving patrol

efforts in ensuring community safety.

3. Respondents generally agree that barangay tanod use radios to stay connected with

other personnel which has the highest mean score of 3.36 and has a verbal interpretation

of strongly agree. This approach significantly contributes in enhancing community

safety and highlight the strengths in the barangay in terms of equipment used.

4. Residents express high satisfaction with the barangay's roving patrols, regarding their

effectiveness in making the community safe and secure against potential crimes, as well

as the efficiency of personnel in fulfilling their duties and responsibilities. These

positive perceptions highlight the valuable role of the barangay tanod in enhancing

community safety and maintaining order.

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Recommendations

With the research findings and conclusions, the following recommendations are

suggested:

1. Continue implementing night patrols, ensuring they are consistently scheduled and

have enough personnel assigned with proper trainings and seminars.

2. Invest in higher-quality radios with a longer range and clearer sound to ensure

uninterrupted communication among barangay tanods.

3. Conduct regular meetings or forums where residents can share their feedback directly

with the barangay tanods. This engagement builds trust and allows for continuous

improvement based on residents’ feedback.

4. To future researchers, this may serve as a reference material or guide for those who

want to conduct or compare studies related to the roving patrol in crime prevention.
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Andresen, M., & Shen, J. L. (2019). The Spatial Effect of Police Foot Patrol on Crime

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Arrieta, M., et al. (2022). Police Community Relations in the Municipality of Naguilian, La

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Differences_Approach

Dalisay, S. N. (2021). Youth Engagement in Local Governance: A Study of Barangay

Patrolling and Community Safety. Retrieved from

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Poblacion, Santa Maria, Bulacan 52
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Municipality of Santa Maria, Bulacan: An Assessment. [PDF]. Retrieved from

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in-preventing-crime-in-santa%20(1).pdf

Guelas, J. (2022). Effectiveness of the Mobile Patrol Unit (MPU) in its Anti-Criminality

Campaign in Bulusan, Sorsogon. [PDF]. Retrieved from

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Spots Foot patrols in Central Business District. [PDF]. Retrieved from

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Kim, D. et al. (2023). Hotspots-Based Patrol Route Optimization Algorithm for Smart

Policing. From https://www.researchgate.net/publication/374761528_Hotspots-

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WdzC3zYGyu0vsPsUr66LhXLBLDPLtzwBjL-XcWx3HdRQlIn1OwN8mk

Ladders, T., & Scaffolding, O. (2020). NTSB Calls for Major Safety Improvements to

Small Passenger Vessels. [PDF]. Retrieved from

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origsite=gscholar&cbl=47267
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Poblacion, Santa Maria, Bulacan 53
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Leigh, J. et al. (2019). Predictive Police Patrolling to Target Hotspots and Cover Response

Demand. From https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10479-017-2528-

x?fbclid=IwAR3O_HGP_WgGFQ4Pvfda3osOz6t5fcupTtBFkqk2WMImlZ1aeaSkX

qNsIgw

Leyson, O. (2018). Tanods Urged to Intensify Foot Patrol in Barangays. Retrieved from

https://www.philstar.com/the-freeman/cebu-news/2018/10/09/1858554/tanods-urged-

intensify-foot-patrol-barangays

Llanto, G. T., et. al. (2024). Community Awareness and Performance of Revitalized Pulis

Sa Barangay in the City of Mati, Philippines. From

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Rural Community. Retrieved from

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Monte, A., et. al. (2023). Competency of Barangay Tanod in Mainstreaming Peace and

Order. Retrieved from

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Patalinghug, M., & Sarcena, J. D. (2021). Police operational activities and crime

commission in a city in the Philippines. From

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Poblacion, Santa Maria, Bulacan 54
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Team (BPAT) Performance in Ozamiz City, Philippines. Retrieved from

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Prevention Program. From

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_ARLhT8n5NlWy

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_Experiment

Sumad-On, D. (2020). Effectiveness of Barangay Tanod in Crime Prevention in Central

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prevention-in-central-region-of-angadanan-isabela
 Immaculate Conception I-College of Arts and Technology
Poblacion, Santa Maria, Bulacan 55
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Interventions. [PDF]. Retrieved from

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bRcOKMXQ2Bp2sz4N

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Reduction Measure. From

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Combined Analytic Hierarchy Process and Goal Programming. From

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northern Philippines. From

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article=003
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Weisburd, S. (2021). Police Presence, Rapid Response Rates, and Crime Prevention. From

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Response-Rates-and-Crime

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Everyday Crime Prevention. [PDF]. Retrieved from

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Immaculate Conception I-College of Arts and Technology
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Appendix B
Certificate of Approval to Conduct Survey
 Immaculate Conception I-College of Arts and Technology
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Appendix C

Survey Questionnaire

1. What are the demographic profile of the respondents in Barangay San Gabriel in

terms of:

Instruction: Please put a check (✓) mark on the appropriate box that corresponds to your

answer.

1.1 Age:

☐ 18 – 30
☐ 31 – 40
☐ 41 – 50
☐ 51 and Above
1.2 Sex:

☐ Male
☐ Female
1.3 Years of Residency:

☐ 1 – 10
☐ 11 – 20
☐ 21 – 30
☐ 31 and Above
1.4 Frequency of Roving Patrol:

☐ Everyday
☐ 1 – 2 times a week
☐ 3 – 4 times a week
☐ 5 – 6 times a week
 Immaculate Conception I-College of Arts and Technology
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2. How may effectiveness of Barangay Tanod be described in terms of:

Instruction: Please put a check (✓) mark on the appropriate box that corresponds to your
answer.

(VERBAL INTERPRETATION)

4 – Strongly Agree 3 – Agree

2 – Disagree 1 – Strongly Disagree

2.1 Preparation 4 3 2 1

1. Barangay Tanod personnel are given training and seminars

by the barangay before conducting roving patrols.
2. There are Barangay Tanod personnel available for duty.

3. Barangay Tanod personnel have available equipment such

as radios, batons, whistles and flashlights to use.
4. Coordination of Barangay Tanod personnel with
government agencies (such as the DSWD and PNP) helps
them work effectively.

2.2 Schedule 4 3 2 1

1. Barangay Tanod personnel conduct a weekly schedule of

patrolling.
2. Barangay Tanod personnel conduct a morning schedule of
patrolling.
3. Barangay Tanod personnel conduct a night schedule of
patrolling.
4. Having an on-time switching schedule of personnel
contributes to the effectiveness of roving patrols.
 Immaculate Conception I-College of Arts and Technology
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2.3 Strategies 4 3 2 1

1. Random spot checking during roving patrol is effective in

preventing criminal activity.
2. Hotspot patrolling strategy is effective in preventing
potential crimes.
3. Advance planning is effective in conducting roving patrol.

4. Strategy of collaborating with government agencies is

effective in conducting roving patrol.

2.4 Implementation 4 3 2 1

1. The presence of Barangay Tanod personnel in the area is

effective in deterring criminal activity.
2. Barangay Tanod personnel effectively engage with the
community.
3. Deployment of Barangay Tanod personnel on time is
effective in crime prevention.
4. Placement of Barangay Tanod personnel in different areas is
effective in crime prevention.
 Immaculate Conception I-College of Arts and Technology
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3. How may Roving Patrol be described in terms of:

Instruction: Please put a check (✓) mark on the appropriate box that corresponds to your
answer.

(VERBAL INTERPRETATION)

4 – Strongly Agree 3 – Agree

2 – Disagree 1 – Strongly Disagree

3.1 Number of Barangay Tanod 4 3 2 1

1. There are 1 to 2 Barangay Tanod personnel conducting

roving patrol every day.
2. There are 3 to 4 Barangay Tanod personnel conducting
roving patrol every day.
3. There are 5 to 6 Barangay Tanod personnel conducting
roving patrol every day.
4. There are 7 to 8 Barangay Tanod personnel conducting
roving patrol every day.

3.2 Duration of Roving Patrol 4 3 2 1

1. Having Roving Patrol from 10pm to 12am contributes to a

safer environment in the Barangay.
2. Extending Roving Patrol from 1am to 2am would
strengthen security measures in the Barangay.
3. Having Roving Patrol from 10pm to 12am & 1am to 2am
can prevent criminals from committing crimes.
4. 10pm to 2am are the best time for conducting Roving Patrol
in the Barangay.
 Immaculate Conception I-College of Arts and Technology
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3.3 Equipment Used 4 3 2 1

1. Barangay Tanod personnel use radios to stay connected

with other personnel.
2. Barangay Tanod personnel use batons as tools for self-
defense.
3. Barangay Tanod personnel use whistles to alert community
and signal for emergencies.
4. Barangay Tanod personnel use flashlights to illuminate dark
environments during patrols at night.

3.4 Method Used 4 3 2 1

1. Barangay Tanod personnel conduct foot patrols to check the

area.
2. Barangay Tanod personnel conduct roving patrols with the
help of motorcycles to respond immediately.
3. Barangay Tanod personnel conduct roving patrols with the
help of bullet/tricycle to carry at least 3 personnel and respond
immediately.
4. Barangay Tanod personnel conduct roving patrol with the
help of mobile units to carry more personnel.
 Immaculate Conception I-College of Arts and Technology
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4. How satisfied are the residents of Barangay San Gabriel with the roving patrol?

Instruction: Please put a check (✓) mark on the appropriate box that corresponds to your
answer.

(VERBAL INTERPRETATION)

4 – Very Satisfied 3 – Satisfied

2 – Moderately Satisfied 1 – Not Satisfied

4 3 2 1

1. I am satisfied with the roving patrol in our barangay for

making it safe and secure against potential crimes.
2. I am satisfied with the roving patrol in our barangay for
their quick responses during emergencies.
3. I am satisfied with the roving patrol in our barangay for
promoting a friendly environment within the barangay.
4. I am satisfied with the roving patrol in our barangay for the
efficiency of their personnel in performing their duties and
responsibilities.
 Immaculate Conception I-College of Arts and Technology
Poblacion, Santa Maria, Bulacan 65
Criminal Justice Education Department

Appendix D
Statistician Certificate

This is to certify that this research study titled, "THE EFFECTIVENESS OF

ROVING IN CRIME PREVENTION IN BARANGAY SAN GABRIEL SANTA

MARIA BULACAN" prepared and submitted by John Hendrick G. Malipot, Josh Aaron L.

Remperas, Michael D.J. Saac, and Charles Jordan R. Sapalaran, in partial fulfillment for the

degree of Bachelor of Science in Criminology has been statistically reviewed by the

undersigned.

Mr. Victor Noel B. Alamis, RPM, CHRA

Statistician
 Immaculate Conception I-College of Arts and Technology
Poblacion, Santa Maria, Bulacan 66
Criminal Justice Education Department

Appendix E
Certificate of Editing and Proofreading

This is to certify that the thesis entitled “THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ROVING

PATROL IN CRIME PREVENTION IN BARANGAY SAN GABRIEL, SANTA

MARIA, BULACAN”, prepared and successfully defended by John Henrick G. Malipot,

Josh Aaron L. Remperas, Michael D.J. Saac and Charles Jordan R. Sapalaran in partial

fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Criminology, has

been edited for coherence, organization, and correct language structure.

This certification is hereby issued upon the request of the said researchers as proof

that the above cited thesis had undergone the required language editing.

MS. MA. CECILIA M. EUGENIO, MaEd

Language Editor
Immaculate Conception I-College of Arts and Technology
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Criminal Justice Education Department

Appendix F
Letter of Request for Crime Rate Report
Immaculate Conception I-College of Arts and Technology
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Criminal Justice Education Department

APPENDIX G
CRIME RATE REPORT
Immaculate Conception I-College of Arts and Technology
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Immaculate Conception I-College of Arts and Technology
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 Immaculate Conception I-College of Arts and Technology
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Appendix H
Population of Barangay San Gabriel

https://www.philatlas.com/luzon/r03/bulacan/santa-maria/san-gabriel.html#sectionLocation
 Immaculate Conception I-College of Arts and Technology
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Curriculum Vitae

Researcher’s Profile

JOHN HENRICK G. MALIPOT

Block 44, lot 19, Pandi Heights II, Cacarong Matanda,
Pandi, Bulacan
09558659238

PERSONAL DATA
Age : 21 years old
Date of Birth : July 27, 2003
Place of Birth : Santa Maria, Bulacan
Height : 5’3
Weight : 58 kilograms
Religion : Catholic
Civil Status : Single
Father’s Name : Hermil D. Malipot
Mother’s Name : Nelida G. Malipot

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:
Tertiary : Immaculate Conception I-College of Arts and Technology
Poblacion, Sta. Maria, Bulacan
Bachelor of Science in Criminology

Secondary : Immaculate Conception Polytechnic

Poblacion, Sta. Maria, Bulacan
2018 – 2020

Elementary : Bagbaguin Elementary School

Lote Bagbaguin Santa Maria Bulacan
2008 - 2014

I hereby certify that the statement above information is true and correct to the
best of my knowledge and ability.

JOHN HENRICK G. MALIPOT

 Immaculate Conception I-College of Arts and Technology
Poblacion, Santa Maria, Bulacan 73
Criminal Justice Education Department

Curriculum Vitae

Researcher’s Profile

JOSH AARON L. REMPERAS

1455 PasongKasay, San Vicente, Santa Maria, Bulacan
09617970246

PERSONAL DATA
Age : 21 years old
Date of Birth : March 21, 2003
Place of Birth : Tagbilaran, Bohol
Height : 5’7
Weight : 58 kilograms
Religion : Catholic
Civil Status : Single
Father’s Name : Jose Nelson S. Remperas
Mother’s Name : Anita L. Remperas

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:
Tertiary : Immaculate Conception I-College of Arts and Technology
Poblacion, Sta. Maria, Bulacan
Bachelor of Science in Criminology

Secondary : Immaculate Conception Polytechnic

Poblacion, Sta. Maria, Bulacan
2018 – 2020

Elementary : San Vicente Hulo Elementary School

Lote Bagbaguin Santa Maria Bulacan
2008 - 2014

I hereby certify that the statement above information is true and correct to the
best of my knowledge and ability.

JOSH AARON L. REMPERAS

 Immaculate Conception I-College of Arts and Technology
Poblacion, Santa Maria, Bulacan 74
Criminal Justice Education Department

Curriculum Vitae

Researcher’s Profile

MICHAEL D.J. SAAC

1004 Libis, San Jose Patag, Santa Maria, Bulacan
09217838566

PERSONAL DATA
Age : 23 years old
Date of Birth : November 16, 2000
Place of Birth : Samar
Height : 5’4
Weight : 59 kilograms
Religion : Catholic
Civil Status : Single
Father’s Name : Terisito O. Saac
Mother’s Name : Maria Marissa V. De Jesus

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:
Tertiary : Immaculate Conception I-College of Arts and Technology
Poblacion, Sta. Maria, Bulacan
Bachelor of Science in Criminology

Secondary : Immaculate Conception Polytechnic

Poblacion, Sta. Maria, Bulacan
2018 – 2020

Elementary : Parada Elementary School

Santa Maria Bulacan
2008 - 2014

I hereby certify that the statement above information is true and correct to the
best of my knowledge and ability.

MICHAEL D.J. SAAC

 Immaculate Conception I-College of Arts and Technology
Poblacion, Santa Maria, Bulacan 75
Criminal Justice Education Department

Curriculum Vitae

Researcher’s Profile

CHARLES JORDAN R. SAPALARAN

1439 De Jesus, Parada, Santa Maria, Bulacan
09984514249

PERSONAL DATA
Age : 22 years old
Date of Birth : December 05 2001
Place of Birth : Bicol
Height : 5’7
Weight : 52 kilograms
Religion : Catholic
Civil Status : Single
Father’s Name : Domingo Jr S. Sapalaran
Mother’s Name : Cynthia R. Sapalaran

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:
Tertiary : Immaculate Conception I-College of Arts and Technology
Poblacion, Sta. Maria, Bulacan
Bachelor of Science in Criminology

Secondary : Immaculate Conception Polytechnic

Poblacion, Sta. Maria, Bulacan
2018 – 2020

Elementary : Parada Elementary School

Santa Maria Bulacan
2008 - 2014

I hereby certify that the statement above information is true and correct to the
best of my knowledge and ability.

CHARLES JORDAN R. SAPALARAN