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Chapter 14 Infectious Diseases, Bloodborne Substance Abuse among Athletes 502

Pathogens, and Universal Precautions 390 Drug Testing in Athletes 510
Infectious Diseases 391 Summary 513
Bloodborne Pathogens 394
Universal Precautions in an Athletic PART V
Environment 400
Summary 403 Musculoskeletal Conditions 517
Chapter 15 Using Therapeutic Chapter 18 The Foot 518
Modalities 406 Foot Anatomy 519
Legal Concerns 407 Functional Anatomy and Foot
Classification of therapeutic Modalities 407 Biomechanics 526
Thermal Conductive Energy Modalities 407 Prevention of Foot Injuries 529
Electrical Energy Modalities 416 Foot Assessment 531
Electromagnetic Energy Modalities 421 Recognition and Management of Specific
Sound Energy Modalities 425 Injuries 534
Mechanical Energy Modalities 429 Foot Rehabilitation 548
Recording Therapeutic Modality Summary 554
Treatments 437
Safety in Using Therapeutic Chapter 19 The Ankle and Lower Leg 557
Modalities 437 Anatomy of the Ankle and Lower Leg 558
Evidence-Based Data Regarding Therapeutic Functional Anatomy 563
Modality Use 438 Preventing Injury to the Ankle and Lower
Summary 439 Leg 563
Assessing the Ankle and Lower Leg 565
Chapter 16 Using Therapeutic Exercise in Recognition of Specific Injuries 570
Rehabilitation 443 Rehabilitation Techniques for the Ankle and
The Athletic Trainer’s Approach to Lower Leg 585
Rehabilitation 444 Summary 590
Therapeutic Exercise Versus Conditioning
Exercise 444 Chapter 20 The Knee and Related
Sudden Physical Inactivity and Injury Structures 595
Immobilization 444 Anatomy of the Knee 596
Major Components of a Rehabilitation Functional Anatomy 602
Program 445 Assessing the Knee Joint 603
Developing a Rehabilitation Plan 453 Prevention of Knee Injuries 617
Additional Approaches To Therapeutic Exercise Recognition and Management of Specific
In Rehabilitation 456 Injuries 619
Purchasing and Maintaining Therapeutic Exercise Knee Joint Rehabilitation 636
Equipment 470 Summary 641
Summary 471
Chapter 21 The Thigh, Hip, Groin, and
Chapter 17 Pharmacology, Drugs, and Pelvis 646
Sports 475 Anatomy of the Thigh 647
What Is a Drug? 476 Functional Anatomy of the Thigh 649
Pharmacokinetics 476 Assessment of the Thigh 650
Legal Concerns in Administering Versus Prevention of Injuries to the Thigh, Hip, Groin,
Dispensing Drugs 478 and Pelvic Region 651
Selected Therapeutic Drugs 481 Recognition and Management of Thigh
Drugs That Can Increase the Rate of Heat Injuries 651
Illness 495 Anatomy of the Hip, Groin, and Pelvic Region 655
Protocols for Using Over-the-Counter Functional Anatomy of the Hip, Groin, and Pelvic
Medications 496 Region 660

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Assessment of the Hip, Groin, and PART VI

Pelvis 661
Recognition and Management of Specific Hip, General Medical Conditions 843
Groin, and Pelvic Injuries 667
Thigh and Hip Rehabilitation Techniques 676 Chapter 26 The Head, Face, Eyes, Ears,
Summary 681 Nose, and Throat 844
Prevention of Injuries to the Head, Face, Eyes,
Chapter 22 The Shoulder Complex 685 Ears, Nose, and Throat 845
Anatomy of the Shoulder 686 The Head 845
Functional Anatomy 693 The Face 859
Prevention of Shoulder Injuries 694 Dental Injuries 862
Assessment of the Shoulder Complex 694 Nasal Injuries 864
Recognition and Management of Specific Ear Injuries 866
Injuries 702 Eye Injuries 868
Throwing Mechanics 715 Throat Injuries 873
Rehabilitation of the Shoulder Complex 717 Summary 874
Summary 724
Chapter 27 The Thorax and Abdomen 878
Chapter 23 The Elbow 729 Anatomy of the Thorax 879
Anatomy of the Elbow Joint 730 Anatomy of the Abdomen 881
Functional Anatomy 734 Prevention of Injuries to the Thorax and
Assessment of the Elbow 735 Abdomen 887
Recognition and Management of Injuries to the Assessment of the Thorax and Abdomen 889
Elbow 740 Recognition and Management of Specific
Rehabilitation of the Elbow 747 Injuries and Conditions
Summary 751 of the Thoracic Region 893
Recognition and Management of Specific Injuries
Chapter 24 The Forearm, Wrist, Hand, and Conditions of the Abdomen 899
and Fingers 754 Injuries and Conditions Related to the Digestive
Anatomy of the Forearm 755 System 900
Assessment of the Forearm 755 Summary 908
Recognition and Management of Injuries to the
Forearm 759 Chapter 28 Skin Disorders 912
Anatomy of the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers 761 Skin Anatomy and Function 913
Assessment of the Wrist, Hand, and Skin Lesions Defined 914
Fingers 764 Skin Trauma 916
Recognition and Management of Injuries to the Bacterial Infections 925
Wrist, Hand, and Fingers 768 Fungal Infections 929
Rehabilitation of Injuries to the Forearm, Wrist, Viral Infections 932
Hand, and Fingers 779 Allergic, Thermal, and Chemical Skin
Summary 784 Reactions 935
Infestation and Bites 937
Chapter 25 The Spine 788 Other Skin Conditions 940
Anatomy of the Spine 789 Summary 942
Functional Anatomy 794
Prevention of Injuries To The Spine 796 Chapter 29 Additional General Medical
Assessment of the Spine 799 Conditions 946
Recognition and Management of Specific Injuries The Role of the Immune System 947
and Conditions 813 Viral Infections 947
Rehabilitation Techniques for the Neck 828 Respiratory Conditions 950
Rehabilitation Techniques for the Low Muscular System Disorders 953
Back 830 Nervous System Disorders 953
Summary 838 Blood and Lymph Disorders 955

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Endocrine System Disorders 956 Appendix D The Process Leading to CAATE Accreditation
Seizure Disorders 958 of the Athletic Trainer as an Allied Health
Hypertension (High Blood Pressure) 958 Care Professional 977
Cancer 959 Appendix E Sample Résumé 979
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) 960 Appendix F NATA Code of Ethics 980
Menstrual Irregularities and the Female Appendix G Manual Muscle Tests 982
Reproductive System 962
Appendix H Goniometric Measurements of Range of
Summary 966
Motion 986
Appendix I Vestibular/Ocular-Motor Screening (VOMS)
Appendixes for Concussion 990
Appendix A Addresses of Professional Sports Medicine
Organizations 971
Glossary 992
Appendix B NATA Position, Official, Consensus, and
Support Statements 973 Index 996
Appendix C Sports Medicine–Related Journals 976 Suggested Supplies 1016

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Preface

PHILOSOPHY the entertainment industry; in medical equipment sales

and support; in the military; with law enforcement depart-
Since the first edition of Principles of Athletic Training was ments; and with government agencies, including NASA,
published in 1963, the profession of athletic training has the U.S. Senate, and the Pentagon.
experienced amazing growth, not only in numbers but also This expansion of potential employment settings has
in the associated body of knowledge. During all those years forced the profession not only to change the methods by
and in sixteen previous editions, the authors of this text, which health care is delivered to a variety of patient popu-
Daniel Arnheim, John Klafs, and now Bill Prentice, have lations but also to change athletic training education pro-
taken it as a personal responsibility to provide the reader grams to teach and/or establish professional competencies
with the most current clinical information in athletic train- and proficiencies that are universal to all settings.
ing and sports medicine. It has always been based on the Depending on the employment settings in which they
most current research evidence and, consequently, it has work, athletic trainers no longer provide health care only
endured as one of the preeminent textbooks for athletic to athletes, nor do they only provide health care to individ-
training students and professionals for more than 57 years. uals who are injured as a result of physical activity. Thus,
The text is designed to lead the student from general the athletic trainer is more closely aligned with other allied
foundations to specific concepts relative to injury preven- health professionals, and athletic training is widely recog-
tion, evaluation, management, and rehabilitation. As with nized as a clinical health care profession.
other health care professions, the gold standard for ath-
letic trainers is to make decisions about the clinical care
of individual patients based on the current best available WHO IS IT WRITTEN FOR?
evidence in the professional literature to achieve the most Principles of Athletic Training: A Guide to Evidence-Based
optimal patient outcomes. It has always been important Clinical Practice should be used by athletic trainers in
for this text to address all of the competencies and clini- courses concerned with the scientific, evidence-based, and
cal proficiencies that the profession has identified as criti- clinical foundations of athletic training and sports medi-
cal relative to both the education of our students and to cine. Practicing athletic trainers, physical therapists, and
the practice of athletic training. The changes, updates, other health care professionals involved with physically
and additions to this seventeenth edition are a reflection active individuals will also find this text valuable.
of my commitment and passion toward continuing Dan
Arnheim’s and John Klafs’s tradition.
CONTENT ORGANIZATION
THE ATHLETIC TRAINER AS A The 29 chapters in the seventeenth edition are organized
into six sections: Professional Development and Respon-
HEALTH CARE PROVIDER sibilities, Risk Management, Pathology of Sports Injury,
Over the years since the origins of the athletic training Management Skills, Musculoskeletal Conditions, and Gen-
profession in the 1930s, the majority of athletic trainers eral Medical Conditions.
have been employed at colleges and universities, and in As in previous editions, developing the seventeenth
secondary schools, providing services almost exclusively to edition included serious consideration and incorporation
an athletic population. Historically, this work environment of suggestions made by students, as well as detailed feed-
has been referred to as the “traditional setting” for employ- back from reviewers and other respected authorities in the
ment for athletic trainers. field. Consequently, this seventeenth edition reflects the
During the past two decades, the role of the athletic major dynamic trends in the field of athletic training and
trainer has gradually evolved into one that is unquestion- sports medicine. Furthermore, it is my hope that this new-
ably more aligned with that of a health care provider. Today, est edition will help prepare students to become competent
more than 40 percent of certified athletic trainers are health care professionals who will continue to enhance the
employed in clinics and hospitals, in industrial and occupa- ongoing advancement of the athletic training profession.
tional settings, or working in physician practices. Although In addition to the inclusion of material that focuses on
many athletic trainers continue to work in colleges, univer- evidence-based practice, this newest edition continues to
sities, and secondary schools, others can be found working undergo changes in content. The changes and additions
as health care providers in all kinds of professional sports, are reflective of the ever-increasing body of knowledge that
including rodeo and NASCAR; in performing arts and is expanding the scope of practice for the athletic trainer.

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Throughout the text, information relevant to athletic • Added new information on the athletic model
trainers working in a variety of employment settings is vs. the medical model of organizational
included. As is the case for those working in secondary infrastructure
schools and colleges or universities, athletic trainers work- • Reorganized and updated information on the pro-
ing in clinical, hospital, corporate, or industrial settings cess of becoming certified as an athletic trainer
must be competent in preventing and recognizing injuries, • Discusses the process of transitioning to the
and supervising injury rehabilitation programs. However, Masters as the entry-level professional degree
staff athletic trainers working in these settings treat and • Added information of the development of Spe-
rehabilitate a wider range of patients both in terms of age cialty Certification
and physical condition. The athletic trainer may provide • Expanded information on the International Clas-
care to pediatric, adolescent, young adult, adult, and geriat- sification of Functioning Model
ric patients. Patients may have physical ailments that may • Updated the list of available patient-related out-
or may not be related to physical activity. come measures used in sports medicine
• Added new information on work–life balance for
WHAT IS NEW IN THIS EDITION? athletic trainers
• Updated information on the NATA Code of
This latest edition of Principles of Athletic Training: A Guide Ethics
to Evidence-Based Clinical Practice continues to evolve in
concert with the profession. Historically, the authors have Chapter 2
tried diligently to stay on the cutting edge of the athletic
training profession with regard not only to presenting a • Updated information on electronic health
comprehensive and ever expanding body of knowledge records and electronic medical records
but also with the latest techniques of delivering educa- • Added new information regarding writing prog-
tional content to students. Most evident in this edition is ress notes
an extensive update of the references that have been used • Reorganized the discussion of general medical
to find the most current available research-based evidence screening
in the professional literature that can be used by clinicians
in their clinical practice to enhance patient outcomes. In
Chapter 3
addition to the hard copy of this text, the author has cre- • Added new information on developing policies
ated an online library of approximately 1,400 instructional and procedures for team road trips
videos that clearly demonstrate specific clinical techniques, • Updated information on filing insurance claims
injury evaluation skills, rehabilitative exercises, and manual • Added new information on the NATA Political
therapy skills that are used by experienced athletic train- Action Committee
ers. There is also an online eBook version of this text that • Update the listing of current CPT codes for ath-
will facilitate direct access to the instructional videos from letic trainers
within the body of the text.
Chapter 4
CHAPTER-BY-CHAPTER • Added new information on the value of a
ADDITIONS •
dynamic warm-up prior to exercise
Added a new mathematical formula for predict-
One of the objectives throughout this text has been to ing maximum aerobic capacity
incorporate the best available evidence to support the rec- • Updated American College of Sports Medicine
ommendations being made relative to patient care. The (ACSM) recommendations for exercise
strength of those recommendations (SoR) based on the • Reorganized and clarified discussion for how to
NATA Position, Official, and Consensus statements is calculate a target training heart rate
identified within the text and can easily be found next to • Updated information on high-intensity training
the reference where appropriate. • Updated information on theories underlying
For the special tests presented in Chapters 18–25, the muscle hypertrophy
specificity, sensitivity, and positive and negative likelihood • Updated information about how age is related to
ratios are included wherever possible to show the useful- the ability to generate muscular force
ness and diagnostic accuracy of each of those tests based • Added new information on the effects of
on the best available evidence in the literature. strength training on skeletal muscle
• Added new information on a variety of strength
Chapter 1 training techniques
• Updated definition of the athletic training • Added new information on measuring
profession joint range of motion with a goniometer or
• Updated the Mission Statement of the NATA inclinometer

Preface xi

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• Updated information on stretching techniques Chapter 11

• Added new information on a dynamic progres-
• Added new information on the integrated model
sive velocity flexibility program
of psychological response to injury
• Added new information on the biopsychosocial
Chapter 5
model of psychological response to injury
• Updated information on creatine • Added new information self-talk as a technique
supplementation for cognitive restructuring
• Added new information on gluten-free diets
• Updated information on ingestion and
resynthesis of carbohydrates Chapter 12
• Added new information on the “train low and • Updated information on hypertension
compete high” model • Added new information on oxygen saturation
• Added new information on using ultrasound to level (SpO2)
measure tissue thickness • Updated information on the vacuum mattress
• Added new information on avoidance/restrictive splint
food intake disorder (ARFID) • Updated information from the Spine Injury in
Sport Group (SISG), which has provided the most
Chapter 6 recent recommendations for the appropriate care
• Updated information on hyponatremia of the spine injured athlete
• Updated information on fluid and electrolyte • Clarified recommendations regarding when to
replacement use spinal motion restriction
• Updated information on sunscreens • Clarified information on using a cervical spine
• Updated information on synthetic turf and its collar
interaction with various shoe types • Added new information on the Kendrick Extrica-
tion Device (KED)
Chapter 7
• Updated list of equipment regulatory agencies Chapter 13
• Updated the most recent football helmet • Added new information on the Movement
warning label Efficiency (ME) Score
• Updated information on wearing protective • Added new clinical prediction rules to Tables 13
headgear in soccer and 14
• Updated information on wearing faceguards, eye • Updated the standard abbreviations and symbols
shields, and protective eyewear used in medical documentation table
• Clarified the definition of a shoe upper • Redefined the term objective findings
• Updated information on the effectiveness of • Updated the Normal Laboratory Values of a
ankle bracing Complete Blood Count (CBC) Panel
• Updated information on the effectiveness of • Updated the Basic Metabolic Panel table
functional knee braces • Updated the Normal Laboratory Values of a
Urinalysis table
Chapter 8 • Added a Normal Blood Lipids Panel table
• Updated information of the effects of ankle tap- • Added new information on glucagon testing
ing on proprioception • Added new information on spirometry
• Updated the effectiveness of Kinesio tape
Chapter 14
Chapter 9
• Reorganized and clarified the innate immune
• Updated information on recommendations for response
managing osteoarthritis • Updated information on Hepatitis B, Hepatitis
C, and human immunodeficiency viruses
Chapter 10 • Added new information on using antiretroviral
• Added new information on the importance of (ART) therapy for treating and preventing HIV
nutrition to the healing process infection
• Updated information on nerve healing • Updated table on behaviors that may lead to
• Updated information on fracture immobilization increased risk of HIV infection
• Added caution about the use of medication to • Added new information on testing procedures
manage pain for HIV

xii Preface

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Chapter 15 • Updated information on treatment for plantar

fasciitis/fasciosis
• Added new information on Thermacare Heat ®

Wraps Chapter 19
• Added new information on contrast baths
• Added new information on whole-body • Updated information on the use of taping,
cryotherapy bracing, and high-top shoes for preventing ankle
• Clarified and reorganized information on types sprains
of electrical current and waveforms • Updated information on cause of recurrent ankle
• Clarified information on continuous current sprains
modulation • Added new information on the Star Excursion
• Added new information on Hivamat® Balance Test
• Added new information on transcranial electri- • Added new information on the Lower Quarter
cal stimulation Y-Balance Test
• Added new information on a rebound shortwave • Updated information on the treatment of acute
diathermy unit ankle sprains and chronic ankle instability
• Updated and reorganized information on light throughout
therapy (LASER) • Updated information on treatment decisions in
• Added new information on light emitting diodes managing compartment syndromes
(LED)
• Updated recommendations for ultrasound
Chapter 20
treatment • Added new information on the newly discovered
• Updated information on the non-thermal effects anterolateral (ALL) ligament
of ultrasound • Clarified information on synovial joints
• Added new information on extracorporeal shock- • Added the Lever Sign Test for assessing ACL
wave therapy injury
• Updated information on cupping therapy • Updated and added new information for preven-
tion of ACL injuries
Chapter 16 • Added new information on surgical repair
techniques for a torn ACL
• Updated information on functional testing • Updated information on managing and treating
• Added information on self-myofascial release patellar tendinopathy
therapy
Chapter 21
Chapter 17 • Clarified information on leg length discrepancy
• Clarified state and federal laws for athletic train- • Updated information on groin strain
ers administering and a dispensing medications • Updated information on trochanteric bursitis
• Added new information on buying medications • Added new information on the Copenhagen Hip
• Added new information on storing medications and Groin Outcome Score and the International
• Added new information on traveling with Hip Outcome Tool
medications • Added new information on femoroacetabular
• Added new updates on fluoroquinolones impingement pain syndrome
• Added updates on anabolic steroid use • Updated information on Legg–Calve–Perthes
• Added new information of the use of electronic disease
cigarettes (vaping) • Updated information on osteitis pubis
• Added new information on cannabidiol and the
use of medical marijuana Chapter 22
• Updated information on the use of opioids
• Updated information on prevention of shoulder
including Oxycodone and Fentanyl
injuries
• Added new information on the use of Narcan
• Clarified information on the full and empty can
tests for the supraspinatus
Chapter 18 • Added new information on the Bear Hug Test
• Updated and clarified information on structural and the Lift-off Test for subscapularis tears
variations in the foot • Added new information on subjective shoulder
• Updated information on over-pronation and scale assessments including the Disability of
over-supination Arm, Shoulder and Hand, Constant–Murley
• Updated information on the use of orthotics Shoulder Score, and the Oxford Shoulder Score

Preface xiii

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 Final PDF to printer

• Added new information on techniques for Chapter 26

reducing a dislocated shoulder and subsequent
• Added new information on the Vestibula/Ocular-
management
Motor Screening Form in the Appendix
• Added new information on surgical versus
• Added new information on the King–Devick test
non-surgical treatment of recurrent shoulder
• Added new information on smartphone apps for
instability
evaluating balance
• Updated information on rehabilitation of the
• Updated the new Sport Concussion Assessment
shoulder joint
Tool 5 (SCAT5)
Chapter 23 • Updated the most recent information on manag-
ing concussions in athletes
• Updated information on the valgus and varus • Added the new Graduated Return to Sport Strat-
stress tests egy and the Graduated Return to School Strategy
• Added new information on the Single-Arm tables
Seated Shotput test • Updated information on managing recurrent
• Added new information on the Upper Quarter concussions
Y-Balance test • Updated information on chronic traumatic
• Added new information on the One-Arm Hop encephalopathy (CTE)
test • Updated information on post-concussion
• Updated information on elbow contusions syndromes
• Updated information on muscle and tendon inju- • Add new information on temporomandibular
ries about the elbow joint dislocations
• Updated information on olecranon bursitis • Updated information on the effectiveness of
• Updated information on the effects of glenohu- mouthguards
meral rotation deficit and valgus instability on • Added new information on a deviated septum
ulnar collateral ligament injuries • Updated information on a nasal hematoma
• Updated information on both lateral and medial • Updated information on corneal abrasions
epicondylitis/epicondylosis • Updated information on conjunctivitis
• Updated information on elbow osteochondritis
• Updated information on little league elbow
Chapter 27
• Updated information on elbow dislocations
• Added new information on American Cancer
Chapter 24 Society Recommendation for breast cancer
• Updated information on the triangular fibrocarti- screening
lage complex • Updated information on sudden cardiac death in
• Updated information on trigger finger athletes
• Updated information on mallet finger • Updated information on commotio cordis
• Updated information on boxer’s fracture of the • Updated information on kidney contusions and
metacarpals kidney stones
• Updated information on distal phalangeal • Updated information on urinary tract infections
fractures • Updated information on gastroesophageal reflux
disease (GERD)
Chapter 25 • Updated information on appendicitis
• Updated information on scrotal contusion
• Added new information on posture control shirts
• Updated information on injury to the spleen
• Updated information on the straight-leg raising
• Updated information on management of hernias
test
• Updated information on cervical spine
dislocations Chapter 28
• Updated information on recurrent and chronic • Updated information on management of calluses
low back pain • Updated information on management of friction
• Updated information on management of myofas- blisters
cial pain syndrome • Added new information on the alternatives to
• Updated information on management of lumbar sutures for wound closure
ligament sprains • Updated information on herpes viruses
• Updated information on treating a herniated • Updated information on spider bites
lumbar disk • Updated information on psoriasis

xiv Preface

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Chapter 29 Instructional Videos

• Updated information on treating the common More than 800 instructional videos are available on
cold ­Connect® for Principles of Athletic Training. These visual
• Updated information on managing influenza aids are designed to illustrate key concepts, promote
• Updated information on managing measles, ­critical thinking, and engage students on the most relevant
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for vaccinations during childhood to prevent clinical techniques, injury evaluation skills, rehabilitative
these diseases exercises, and manual therapy skills used by experienced
• Updated information on viral pharyngitis athletic trainers are aligned with the corresponding figures
• Updated information on multiple sclerosis from the text.
• Updated information on amyotrophic lateral
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• Updated information on viral meningitis Connect is an online learning system composed of interac-
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and exercise during pregnancy and the post- ties are automatically graded and can be submitted to the
partum period instructor’s grade book. For more information, visit con-
nect.mheducation.com
Connect® for Principles of Athletic Training was devel-
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INSTRUCTOR RESOURCES University, and Linda Bobo, PhD, ATC, from Stephen F.
Austin Slate University, and has been updated for the new
Test Bank
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and in the future. Students can practice important skills at
PowerPoint Presentation their own pace and on their own schedule, receive instant
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verted to outlines and given to students as a handout. You successfully completing their work, wherever and whenever
can easily download the PowerPoint presentation from the they choose. With Connect®, instructors can deliver assign-
Instructor Resources tab in Connect®. ments, graphing questions, quizzes, and tests easily online.

Preface xv

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 Final PDF to printer

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Acknowledgments
I would like to express my sincere appreciation to my I would like to thank two individuals Dr. Johna Register-
Developmental Editor, Gary O’Brien who, as always, has Mihalik and Dr. Amy Sauls, both of whom are my col-
provided invaluable guidance throughout the development leagues at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,
of this edition. In truth, Gary should share authorship for their help in reviewing the sections on concussion and
with me on this project. Through his efforts he has dem- pharmacology, respectively. Their input and suggestions
onstrated ownership and a personal investment in mak- have been most helpful in this revision.
ing this text the best it can be. His input, patience with Finally, I want to thank my wife, Tena, and our sons,
me, and dedication to this project has been indispensable Brian and Zach, for their enduring support and encourage-
and I truly respect his opinions and direction on all of our ment. They constantly help me to keep my perspective on
projects. I would be hard pressed to complete any of our both my professional and personal life.
projects without his help. I would also like to express
my gratitude to my Product Developer, Alexander Preiss, William E. Prentice
my Content Product Manager Danielle Clement and the
Content Licensing Specialist: Jacob Sullivan for navigating
this textbook revision through McGraw-Hill.

xviii

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Applications at a Glance
Key National Athletic Trainers Association Position, Examples of Fast-Food Choices and Nutritional
Official, Consensus, and Support Statements 5 Value 150
Employment settings for Athletic Trainers 8 Tips for selecting fast foods 151
Full-time, on-site athletic trainer coverage for secondary- Determining body mass index 154
school athletic programs 11 Key recommendations for weight loss and weight
The use of qualified athletic trainers in secondary maintenance 155
schools 12 Identifying the individual with an eating disorder 157
Secondary School Student Athletes’ Bill of Rights 12 Variations in sweat rates 165
Board of Certification requirements for certification as an NATA recommendations for preventing heat illness 166
athletic trainer 16 Recommendations for fluid replacement 168
Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy (SORT) 24 NCAA-mandated guidelines for acclimatization in
Levels of Evidence 25 preseason football practices 168
Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development Universal WBGT Index Fluid Replacement
and Evaluation (GRADE) 25 Recommendations 170
List of Available Patient-Related Outcome Measures Used Activity Restrictions for Outdoor Physical Conditioning
in Sports Medicine 28 in Hot Weather 170
Duties of the team physician 31 Heat Disorders 172
Specializations for physicians 34 Measuring rectal temperature 173
State regulation of the athletic trainer 37 Environmental conduct of sports, particularly
Items to include in a policies and procedures manual 44 football 175
Safety when using electrical equipment 48 Lightning safety 181
Models of supervision for the head athletic trainer 49 Air Quality Guide for Ozone 183
Additional certifications for athletic trainers working in a Minimizing the effects of jet lag 184
clinic or hospital 53 Equipment regulatory agencies 191
Information contained in medical records 56 Guidelines for selecting, purchasing, and fitting protective
HIPAA authorization 57 gear and sports equipment to help minimize
Suggested Stations in a Preparticipation Physical liability 192
Examination 64 Guidelines for purchasing and reconditioning
Recommendations for Activity Restriction and helmets 192
Disqualification 65 Proper football helmet fit 195
Classification of Sports 69 Properly fitting the ice hockey helmet 196
Key Features and benefits of the Affordable Care Guidelines for fitting a cycling helmet 196
Act 79 Rules for fitting football shoulder pads 202
Common insurance terminology 80 Shoe Comparisons 205
Description of Billing Codes Used by Athletic Proper running shoe design and construction 206
Trainers 85 Shoe lacing techniques 207
Guidelines for documentation of patient records 87 How to construct a hard-shell pad 215
Dynamic warm-up routine 95 Taping supplies 229
Comparison of Aerobic versus Anaerobic Activities 99 Classification and Load Characteristics of Injuries 255
Rating of Perceived Exertion 100 Recognizing signs and symptoms of staleness in
Muscle Fiber types 104 athletes 299
Exercise Training Variables 106 Sudden exercise abstinence syndrome 300
Proper spotting techniques 111 Emotional First Aid 300
Guidelines and precautions for stretching 123 Educating the injured patient about the rehabilitation
Fitness testing 126 process 302
Periodization Training 127 The meditation technique 303
Vitamins 138 Healing images 305
Minerals 139 Keys to recognition and referral of student-athletes with
2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans 142 psychological conerns 306
Commonly used herbs 145 Reasons for referral for psychological concerns 306
The pregame meal 148 Sample emergency action plan 314

xix

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Consent form for medical treatment of a minor 315 Return-to-Play Checklist 455
Evaluating the Unconscious Athlete 317 Suggested aquatic workouts 459
CPR summary 319 Drug Vehicles 477
Official statement—automated external defibrillators 320 Agencies and Regulations That Govern the Provision of
Procedures for using airway adjunct devices 323 Pharmaceutical Care 479
American Heart Association Recommended Blood General Body Responses Produced by Drugs 482
Pressure Levels 329 List of Drug Classifications and Definitions 483
Guidelines for proper splinting 334 Athletic Trainers’ Guide to Frequently Used
Standard Orthopedic Definitions for Positions and Medications 484
Deviations 356 Athletic Trainers’ Guide to Frequently Used
Off-the-field evaluation sequence 358 Medications—continued 486
History of musculoskeletal injuries 359 Medications Recommended for the Management of
Manual Muscle Strength Grading 361 Asthma 489
Range of Joint Motion 362 Frequently Used NSAIDs 492
Cranial Nerves and Their Functions 363 Drugs Reported to Predispose to Heat Illness 496
Myotome Patterns of Weakness Resulting from Spinal Protocols for the use of over-the-counter drugs for athletic
Nerve Root Lesion 364 trainers 496
Deep Tendon Reflex Grading 365 Identifying the substance abuser 503
Constructing and using a volumetric tank 366 Examples of Caffeine-Containing Products 504
Overhead Squat Compensation Patterns 368 Examples of deleterious effects of anabolic steroids 505
Single Leg Squat Compensation Patterns 368 Contacting the poison control center 510
Landing Technique “Errors” 369 Banned drugs—common ground 511
Tuck Jump Test Technique Flaws 370 NCAA Banned Drug Classes 512
Functional Movement Screen 371 Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot 524
Clinical Test Reliability 372 Suggested Shoe Components Based on Foot Type 530
Interpreting Likelihood Ratios 373 Management plan: Plantar Fasciitis 540
Clinical Prediction Rules For Musculoskeletal- Metatarsal pad support 544
Related Injuries Currently Used in Diagnosis Functional progression for the foot 553
and Clinical Practice 374 Function of Key Ankle Ligaments 560
Standard Abbreviations and Symbols Used in Medical Muscles of the Ankle and Lower Leg 562
Documentation 376 Mechanisms of Ankle Sprain and Ligament Injury 570
Normal Laboratory Values of a Complete Blood Count Management plan: Grade 2 Inversion Ankle Sprain 575
(CBC) Panel 384 Management plan: Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome 583
Normal Blood Lipids Panel 384 Return to running following ankle injury functional
Basic Metabolic Panel 384 progression 589
Normal Laboratory Values of a Urinalysis 385 Muscles of the Knee 600
Common Infectious Diseases 391 Knee Stability Tests 609
Suggestions for preventing the spread of infectious Classification of Instabilities 609
diseases 394 Lysholm knee scoring scale 615
Body Fluids 395 Management plan: Surgical Repair of Anterior Cruciate
Behaviors that may lead to increased risk of HIV Ligament 624
infection 398 Management plan: Patellofemoral Pain 634
Transmission of Hepatitis B and C Viruses and Human Muscles of the Thigh 648
Immunodeficiency Virus 399 Muscles of the Hip 658
Glove use and removal 401 Management plan: Acute Groin Strain 669
Physiological Responses to Thermotherapy 409 Muscles of the Shoulder Complex 691
Whirlpool Temperatures for Treatment of the Management plan: Anterior Glenohumeral
Extremities 410 Dislocation 708
Skin Response to Cold 412 Management plan: Shoulder Impingement 714
Physiological Variables of Cryotherapy 412 The Peripheral Nerves 716
Adverse reactions to cold 413 Throwing progression 724
Summary of cryokinetics 416 Muscles Acting on the Elbow Joint 734
Sample Shortwave Diathermy Dosage 423 Muscles Acting on the Elbow Joint 734
Precautions when using shortwave diathermy 424 Management plan: Posterior Elbow Dislocation 746
Guidelines for an effective massage 435 Muscles of the Forearm Acting on the Wrist, Hand, and
Safe use of therapeutic modalities 438 Fingers 757

xx Applications at a Glance

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Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand 763 Removing a foreign body from the eye 872
Releasing blood from beneath the fingernail 774 Muscles of the Thorax 880
Conservative Treatment and Splinting of Finger Muscles of the Abdominal Wall 883
Injuries 776 Summary of Breathing Patterns and Sounds 892
Muscles That Move the Vertebral Column 793 Self-examination of the testes 905
Brachial Plexus (Figure 25–7) 795 The Skin’s Structure and Function 913
Lumbar and Sacral Plexuses (Figure 25–7) 797 Primary Skin Lesions 915
Recommended postures to prevent low back pain 799 Secondary Skin Lesions 916
Summary of Special Tests for the Spine 814 Managing blisters 918
Management plan: Cervical Sprain (Whiplash) 819 Foot hygiene for excessive perspiration and odor 919
Management plan: Lumbosacral Strain 825 Care of Open Wounds 923
Sports with a High Risk of Head Injury 845 Wound care 925
Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) 850 Management of impetigo 927
Clinical Evaluation Tools Related to Concussion 851 Basic care of athlete’s foot 932
Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 5th edition Treatment of scabies 938
(SCAT5) 852 Management of the acute asthmatic attack 953
On-Field or Sideline Evaluation of Acute Management during a seizure 958
Concussion 854 Blood Pressure 959
Home instructions for concussion 855 Suggested factors in secondary amenorrhea 963
Conditions indicating the possibility of increasing Identifying a woman at risk for female athlete triad 964
intracranial pressure 858 American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists:
Care of scalp lacerations 859 Recommendations for Physical Activity and
Nose splinting 865 Exercise During Pregnancy and the Postpartum
Supplies for managing eye injuries 870 Period 965

Applications at a Glance xxi

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PART I
Professional Development and Responsibilities

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 Final PDF to printer

1 William E. Prentice

The Athletic Trainer as a Health

Care Provider
■ Objectives
When you finish this chapter you should be able to
• Recognize the historical foundations of athletic training. • Explain how to become certified as an athletic
• Identify the various professional organizations trainer.
dedicated to athletic training and sports medicine. • Define evidence-based practice as it relates to the
• Identify various employment settings for the clinical practice of athletic training.
athletic trainer. • Explain the function of support personnel in the
• Differentiate the roles and responsibilities of the sports medicine team.
athletic trainer, the team physician, and the coach. • Discuss licensure for the athletic trainer.

■ Outline
Historical Perspectives 3 Professional Responsibilities of the Athletic Trainer 21
Sports Medicine and Athletic Training 4 Referring the Patient to Other Medical and
Nonmedical Support Services and Personnel 33
Employment Settings for the Athletic Trainer 7
State Regulation of the Athletic Trainer 36
How Does Someone Become Certified as An Athletic
Trainer? 14 Future Directions for the Athletic Trainer 37
Roles and Responsibilities of the Athletic Trainer 16 Summary 38

■ Key Terms
National Athletic Trainers’ Association (NATA) Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training
patient Education (CAATE)
athletic training clinic Board of Certification (BOC)
sports medicine certified athletic trainer (ATC)
American Medical Association (AMA) evidence-based practice
sports medicine team licensed athletic trainer (LAT)
Professional Education Council (PEC) state licensing board

pre4105X_ch01_001-041.indd 2 12/26/19 03:51 PM

Another Random Scribd Document
with Unrelated Content
The Project Gutenberg eBook of Winona, a
Dakota Legend; and Other Poems
This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United
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eBook.

Title: Winona, a Dakota Legend; and Other Poems

Author: E. L. Huggins

Release date: August 9, 2017 [eBook #55303]

Most recently updated: October 23, 2024

Language: English

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*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WINONA, A

DAKOTA LEGEND; AND OTHER POEMS ***
 WINONA

A DAKOTA LEGEND

AND OTHER POEMS

BY
CAPTAIN E. L. HUGGINS
2d Cavalry U. S. Army

G. P. PUTNAM’S SONS
NEW YORK LONDON
27 West Twenty-third St. 27 King William St., Strand
Knickerbocker Press
1890

Copyright, 1890
BY
ELI L. HUGGINS.
The Knickerbocker Press, New York
Electrotyped, Printed, and Bound by
G. P. Putnam’s Sons
 CONTENTS.
Transcriber’s Note: Incorrect page numbering in the original has been amended here.

PAGE
Winona, A Dakota Legend.
Proem. 3
Part I. 9
Part II. 20
Part III. 33
Miscellaneous Poems.
To a Young Man 43
Tell me, Dear Bird 45
Perdita 47
Stanzas to ⸺ 52
Love’s Tribute 55
The Little Shepherdess.—Pastorelle 57
A Farewell 58
To a Fickle Fair One 59
To the Same 59
The Palace of Repose 60
Moods 63
To ⸺ 74
To ⸺ 76
To The Same 76
To the Same 76
Translations and Imitations.
If My Verses Had Wings Like a Bird.—Hugo 79
’Twixt Sleep and Waking.—Prosper Blanchemain 80
White Swan Sailing.—From the Russian, 81
 The Roses of Saadi.—Desbordes-Valmore, 84
Rose-Buds.—Béranger 85
The Bird I Wait for.—Moreau 87
Visions.—De Musset 89
The Fisherman’s Bridal.—Delavigne 92
You Had My Whole Heart.—Desbordes-Valmore 95
Art.—Théophile Gautier 97
Barcarolle.—Théophile Gautier 100
Shadows.—Théophile Gautier 103
Sonnet: Ou Vont Ils?—Sully Prudhomme, 113
The Gay Cashier.—Adapted from the French 114
The Ravages of Time.—Scarron 115
Hallucination.—From the French.
I. 116
II. 117
III. 117
IV. In The Grove 118
To My Critics.—De Musset 119
The Youth and the Old Man.—Florian 121
The Cathedral Bell and Its Rival.—Iriarte 123
Blue Eyes and Black Eyes.—Imitated from Andalusian Coplas.
I. 125
II. 126
Complaint to the Virgin.—From a Cuban Poetess 128
The Crucifixion. Old French Sonnet 132
From The Spanish 133
The Book of Life.—Lamartine 134
Memorial Day and Other Poems. Dedicated to the G. A. R.
Twenty Years Ago. Written for Memorial Day, 1885 137
Abraham Lincoln 141
The Prisoner’s Dream 142
How Oft a Sentry Sad and Lone 143
From Coplas of an Andalusian Soldier 144
 From the Same 145
The Glory of a Spanish Dragoon.—From the Same 146
Written for a Reunion of Veterans in the Year 1915 148
Twenty-five Sonnets.
To ⸺ 153
Poesy 154
The Rose 155
To a Fair Santa Barbaran 156
La Diva 157
To a Happy Lover 158
Metempsychosis.
I. 159
II. 159
Three Sonnets in Memoriam.
I. Despair—The Abyss 161
II. Questioning 161
III. Consolation 162
In Memory of D. G. R. 163
In Memory of John Brown of Ossawattomie. Inscribed to John
J. Ingalls.
I. 164
II. 165
III. 165
Our Lost Ones 167
The Ocean of the Past 168
Evil Days 169
Envy and Slander. To N. N. M. 170
True Freedom. To J. F. F. 171
“Society” 172
The Stagnant Pool 173
The Man with the Muck Rake 174
Immortality 175
To a Young Artist 176
WINONA: A DAKOTA LEGEND
WINONA: A DAKOTA LEGEND.
PROEM.
How changed, fair Minnetonka, is thy face
Since first I saw thee in thy pristine grace.
Electric lights fantastically glow,
Swarming like fire-flies on the shores where long,
Through countless summer nights a vanished throng,
Only the Indian camp-fire flickered low.
The odor of the baleful cigarette
Assails us now, where the mild calumet
Around the circle like a censer swung.
The notes of Strauss intoxicate the air,
And dainty feet in cadence twinkle there,
Where in rude strains the warriors’ deeds were sung,
And where the Indian lover’s plaintive flute
Lured to the trysting-place the dusky maid.
Discreetly hidden in the sylvan shade,
The Anglomaniac comes to press his suit,
And Patrick, too, out for a holiday,
Strolls with his Bridget here en dimanché,
And softly whispers in his charmer’s ear
The same old tale, to lovers ever dear.
The rustling leaves, the waves, the mating bird,
Sing the same songs the Indian maiden heard.

Save a few stately names, the vanished race

Whose dust we daily trample leave no trace
Or monument. None who that race have known
Ere poisoned by the vices of our own,
Deem it ignoble; but the white man’s breath,
To him a besom of consuming death,
Sweeps him like ashes from his natal hearth,
E’en as one day some race of stronger birth
Will sweep our children’s children from the earth.
More noxious than the fabled upas tree,
We blight his virtues first, and then with scorn
Repel the hands extended once to save
O il d f th fl i ’ th
Our exiled fathers, fleeing o’er the wave.
Yet in his deepest fall, the warrior, born
Of warrior lineage fetterless and free,
Retains unquenched in his unyielding soul
A secret flame in spite of all control.
He brooks no slavish, ignominious toil,
By scourger driven to till the white man’s soil.
Chained in Plutonian caverns far from day,
His spirit swiftly chafes its bars away;
Or by his own impatient hand released,
With rapture bounds as to a marriage feast.
Wealth, pomp, and power ne’er his soul affect;
Still unabashed he stands, unmoved, erect,
His blanket draped, albeit not too clean,
About him with a Roman consul’s mien,
And in the white light of a throne his eye
Would meet, nor quail, the eye of majesty.
His own war-eagle to the sun that soared,
Gave back with eye undimmed its fiery glare,
And sported with the speaking lightnings where
The Thunder-Birds[1] along the tempest roared;
Or swept the plain, but saw no Indian slave
From the Pacific to Atlantic wave.

Fair Minnetonka, thou art changed, and yet

I know not if ’twere matter for regret.
Thou wast a maid untried, with yielding heart,
With flowing hair, and ample sheltering arms,
And unabashed contours, whose rosy charms
Were all untrammelled by the hand of art,
And eyes of dreamy mystery, wherein
E’en then thy triumphs dimly were foreseen;
A worldly-wise and queenly woman now,
Adorned with spoil of many victories,
And flush of further conquest on thy brow;
Jewels cannot thy native charms enhance,
N th b t ti htl l d h
Nor can thy robes, too tightly laced perchance,
The matchless beauty of thy form disguise.
Through every change, by every tongue confessed,
Peerless amid thy sisters East or West;
Like her of whom the master-singer wrote,
“Age cannot wither her nor custom stale
Her infinite variety.”
Thus float
My wandering thoughts, as on the balcony
I sit alone bathed in the moonlight pale,
And musing thus the scene changed suddenly:
Hotel and cottage vanished; to the shore
The prairie sloped a green unbroken floor.
Eight lustrums back, through rosy summers fled,
Adown a dwindling vista far I sped,
A careless youth; again my hoary head
Bloomed with the sunny wealth of twenty years.
A day came back, a day without compeers,
When with a bright companion long since dead,
In my canoe I flitted o’er the lake,
And our swift paddles scattered pearly tears
Upon the smiling ripples in our wake.

She, my companion, was a little maid

Of somewhat rustic garb, of English speech,
Yet something in her accents quaint and rich,
And the warm tinge upon her cheek, betrayed
The mingling crimson of a darker shade,—
Her kinship to the remnant lingering still,
Whose cone-shaped lodges picturesquely stood,
Dotting the hither base of yonder hill,
Like late leaves clinging, spite of growing chill,
Upon the boughs of a November wood.
Changing our mood, we idly drifted there,
Two happy children in a cradling shell
Poised ’twixt two azure vaults; the mystic spell
Of Indian summer brooded in the air
Of Indian summer brooded in the air,
Filling with human love and sympathy
E’en things inanimate; the earth and sky
Leaned to each other, and the rocks and trees,
Like brothers, seemed sharing our reveries.

“Tell me some legend of the lake,” I cried,

“For in a spot that breathes on every side
Such air of poesy, whose influence
Subdues with such a charm our every sense,
How many loving hearts have loved and died!
How many souls as lofty and intense
As those whose names throughout the whole world ring,
In the high songs the olden minstrels sing!
Who hears those voices e’en but for a day,
The sound remains a part of him alway:
Penelope the constant; Hero sweet;
Briseis weeping at Achilles’ feet;
Andromeda by wingèd Perseus found—
Bright blossom to the sea-girt rock fast bound;
The Lesbian queen of song, but passion’s slave,
Who quenched her burning torch beneath the wave;
Helen, whose beauty, like a fatal brand,
Lit up the towers of Troy o’er sea and land;
And Juliet, swaying at her window’s height,
What slender lily in the wan moonlight.”

“I do not know,” the little maid replied,

“The names of which you speak, but ere she died
My mother told me many stories old,
Some joyous and some sad, of warriors bold,
And spirits, haunting forest, plain, and stream.
Each had its god, and creatures of strange form,
Half beast, half human; all these figures seem
Mingling away in a fantastic swarm,
Dim as the faces of a last year’s dream,
Or motes that mingle in a slant sunbeam.
Or motes that mingle in a slant sunbeam.
The legends vanish too; among them all
This one alone, distinctly I recall.”

The tale she told me then I now rehearse,

Set in a frame of rude, unpolished verse.

PART I.
Winona,[2] first-born daughter, was the name
Of a Dakota girl who, long ago,
Dwelt with her people here unknown to fame.
Sweet word, Winona, how my heart and lips
Cling to that name (my mother’s was the same
Ere her form faded into death’s eclipse),
Cling lovingly, and loth to let it go.
All arts that unto savage life belong
She knew, made moccasins, and dressed the game.
From crippling fashions free, her well-knit frame
At fifteen summers was mature and strong.
She pitched the tipi,[3] dug the tipsin[4] roots,
Gathered wild rice and store of savage fruits.
Fearless and self-reliant, she could go
Across the prairie on a starless night;
She speared the fish while in his wildest flight,
And almost like a warrior drew the bow.
Yet she was not all hardness: the keen glance,
Lighting the darkness of her eyes, perchance
Betrayed no softness, but her voice, that rose
O’er the weird circle of the midnight dance,
Through all the gamut ran of human woes,
Passion, and joy. A woman’s love she had
For ornament; on gala days was clad
In garments of the softest doeskin fine,
With shells about her neck; moccasins neat
Were drawn, like gloves, upon her little feet,
Adorned with scarlet quills of porcupine.
Innocent of the niceties refined
That to the toilet her pale sisters bind,
Yet much the same beneath the outer rind,
She was, though all unskilled in bookish lore,
A sound, sweet woman to the very core.

Winona’s uncle, and step-father too,

 , p ,
Was all the father that she ever knew;
By the Absarakas[5] her own was slain
Before her memory could his face retain.
Two bitter years his widow mourned him dead,
And then his elder brother she had wed.
None loved Winona’s uncle; he was stern
And harsh in manner, cold and taciturn,
And none might see, without a secret fear,
Those thin lips ever curling to a sneer.
And yet he was of note and influence
Among the chieftains; true he rarely lent
More than his presence in the council tent,
And when he rose to speak disdained pretence
Of arts rhetoric, but his few words went
Straight and incisive to the question’s core,
And rarely was his counsel overborne.
The Raven was the fitting name he bore,
And though his winters wellnigh reached threescore,
Few of his tribe excelled him in the chase.
A warrior of renown, but never wore
The dancing eagle plumes, and seemed to scorn
The vanities and follies of his race.

I said the Raven was beloved by none;

But no, among the elders there was one
Who often sought him, and the two would walk
Apart for hours, and converse alone.
The gossips, marvelling much what this might mean,
Whispered that they at midnight had been seen
Far from the village wrapped in secret talk.
They seemed in truth an ill-assorted brace,
But Nature oft in Siamese bond unites,
By some strange tie, the farthest opposites.
Gray Cloud was oily, plausible, and vain,
A conjurer with subtle scheming brain;
Too corpulent and clumsy for the chase,
 p y ,
His lodge was still provided with the best,
And though sometimes but a half welcome guest,
He took his dish and spoon to every feast.[6]
Priestcraft and leechcraft were combined in him,
Two trades occult upon which knaves have thriven,
Almost since man from Paradise was driven;
Padding with pompous phrases worn and old
Their scanty esoteric science dim,
And gravely selling, at their weight in gold,
Placebos colored to their patients’ whim.
Man’s noblest mission here too oft is made,
In heathen as in Christian lands, a trade.
Holy the task to comfort and console
The tortured body and the sin-sick soul,
But pain and sorrow, even prayer and creed,
Are turned too oft to instruments of greed.
The conjurer claimed to bear a mission high:
Mysterious omens of the earth and sky
He knew to read; his medicine could find
In time of need the buffalo, and bind
In sleep the senses of the enemy.
Perhaps not wholly a deliberate cheat,
And yet dissimulation and deceit
Oozed from his form obese at every pore.
Skilled by long practice in the priestly art,
To chill with superstitious fear the heart,
And versed in all the legendary lore,
He knew each herb and root that healing bore;
But lest his flock might grow as wise as he,
Disguised their use with solemn mummery.
When all the village wrapped in slumber lay,
His midnight incantations often fell,
His chant now weirdly rose, now sank away,
As o’er some dying child he cast his spell.
And sometimes through his frame strange tremors ran—
Magnetic waves swept from the unknown pole
Magnetic waves, swept from the unknown pole
Linking the body to the wavering soul;
And swifter came his breath, as if to fan
The feeble life spark, and his finger tips
Were to the brow of pain like angel lips.
No wonder if in moments such as these
He half believed in his own deities,
And thought his sacred rattle could compel
The swarming powers unseen to serve him well.

The Raven lay one evening in his tent

With his accustomed crony at his side;
Around their heads a graceful aureole
Of smoke curled upward from the scarlet bowl
Of Gray Cloud’s pipe with willow bark supplied.
Winona’s thrifty mother came and went,
Her form with household cares and burdens bent,
Fresh fuel adds, and stirs the boiling pot.
Meanwhile the young Winona, half reclined,
Plies her swift needle, that resource refined
For woman’s leisure, whatsoe’er her lot,
The kingly palace or the savage cot.

The cronies smoked without a sign or word,

Passing the pipe sedately to and fro;
Only a distant wail of hopeless woe,
A mother mourning for her child, was heard,
And Gray Cloud moved, as though the sound had stirred
Some dusty memory; still that bitter wail,
Rachel’s despairing cry without avail,
That beats the brazen firmament in vain,
Since the first mother wept o’er Abel slain.
At length the conjurer’s lips the silence broke,
Softly at first as to himself he spoke,
Till warmed by his own swarming fancies’ brood
He poured the strain almost in numbers rude.
THE COMBAT BETWEEN THE THUNDER-BIRDS AND THE
WATER-DEMONS.
Gray Cloud shall not be as other men,
Dull clods that move and breathe a day or two,
Ere other clods shall bury them from view.
Tempest and sky have been my home, and when
I pass from earth I shall find welcome there.
Sons of the Thunder-Bird my playmates were,
Ages ago[7] (the tallest oak to-day
In all the land was but a grass blade then).
Reared with such brethren, breathing such an air,
My spirit grew as tall and bold as they;
We tossed the ball and flushed the noble prey
O’er happy plains from human footsteps far;
And when our high chief’s voice to arm for war
Rang out in tones that rent the morning sky,
None of the band exulted more than I.

A god might gaze and tremble at the sight

Of our array that turned the day to night;
With bow and shield and flame-tipped arrows all,
Rushing together at our leader’s call,
Like storm clouds sweeping round a mountain height.
The lofty cliffs our warlike muster saw,
Hard by the village of great Wabashaw,[8]
Where through a lake the Mississippi flows;
Far o’er the dwelling of our ancient foes,
The hated Water-Demon[9] and his sons,
Cold, dark and deep the sluggish current runs.

Up from their caverns swarming, when they heard

The rolling signal of the Thunder-Bird,
The Water-Demon and his sons arose,
And answered back the challenge of their foes.
With horns tumultuous clashing like a herd
Of warring elks that struggle for the does,
They lashed the wave to clouds of spray and foam,
 y p y ,
Through which their forms uncouth, like buffaloes
Seen dimly through a morning mist, did loom,
Or isles at twilight rising from the shore.

Though we were thirty, they at least fourscore,

We rushed upon them, and a midnight pall
Over the seething lake our pinions spread,
’Neath which our gleaming arrows thickly sped,
As shooting stars that in the rice-moon fall.
Rent by our beating wings the cloud-waves swung
In eddies round us, and our leader’s roar
Smote peal on peal, and from their bases flung
The rocks that towered along the trembling shore.

A Thunder-Bird—alas, my chosen friend,

But even so a warrior’s life should end,—
A Thunder-Bird was stricken; his bright beak,
Cleaving the tumult like a lightning streak,
Smote with a fiery hiss the watery plain;
His upturned breast, where gleamed one fleck of red,
His sable wings, one moment wide outspread,
Blackened the whirlpool o’er his sinking head.

The Water-Demon’s sons by scores were slain

By our swift arrows falling like the rain;
With yells of rage they sank beneath the wave
That ran all redly now, but could not save.
We asked not mercy, mercy never gave;
Our flaming darts lit up the farthest caves,
Fathoms below the reach of deepest line;
Our cruel spears, taller than mountain pine,
Mingled their life blood with the ruddy wave.

The combat ceased, the Thunder-Birds had won.

The Water-Demon with one favorite son
Fled from the carnage and escaped our wrath.
The vapors thinly curling from the shore
The vapors, thinly curling from the shore,
Faint musky odors to our nostrils bore.
The air was stilled, the silence of the dead;
The sun, just starting on his downward path,
A rosy mantle o’er the prairie shed,
Save where, like vultures, ominous and still,
We clustered close, on sullen wings outspread;
And sometimes, with a momentary chill,
A giant shadow swept o’er plain and hill,—
A Thunder-Bird careering overhead,
Seeking the track by which the foe had fled.

While thus we hovered motionless, the sun

Adown the west his punctual course had run,
When lo, two shining points far up the stream
That split the prairie with a silver seam,—
The fleeing Water-Demon and his son;
Like icicles they glittered in the beam
Still struggling up from the horizon’s rim.
His sleeping anger kindled at the sight,
Our leader’s eyes glowed like a flaming brand.
Thrilled by one impulse, all our sable band
Dove through the gathering shadows of the night
On wings outshaken for a headlong flight.
Anger, revenge, but more than all the thirst,
The glorious emulation to be first,
Stung me like fire, and filled each quivering plume.
With tenfold speed our sharp beaks cleft the gloom,
A swarm of arrows singing to the mark,
We hissed to pierce the foe ere yet ’twas dark.

Still up the stream the Water-Demons fled,

Their bodies glowed like fox-fire far ahead;
But every moment saw the distance close
Between our thirsting spear-heads and our foes.
Louder the blast our buzzing pinions made
Than mighty forest in a whirlwind swayed;
 g y y ;
The giant cliffs of Redwing speeding back,
Like spectres melting from a cloudy wrack,
Melted from view in our dissolving track.
Kaposia’s village, clustered on the shore,
With sound of snapping poles and tipis riven,
Vanished like swan’s-down by a tempest driven.
Stung by our flight, the keen air smote us sore
As ragged hailstones; on, still on, we strained,
And fast and faster on the chase we gained,
But neck and neck the fierce pursuit remained,
Till close ahead we saw the rocky walls
O’er which the mighty river plunging falls,[10]
And at their base the Water-Demons lay:
The panting chase at last had turned to bay.

Then thrilled my nerves with more than mortal strength;

A breath of Deity was in the burst
That bore me out a goodly lance’s length
To meet the Water-Demon’s son accurst.
His evil horn clanged hollow on my shield
Just as my spear transfixed him through and through;
A moment towering o’er the foam he reeled,
Then sank beneath the roaring falls from view.
A dying yell that haunts me yet he gave,
And as he fell the crippled water coiled
About him like a wounded snake, and boiled,
leashing itself to madness o’er his grave.

We knew not where the parent Demon fled;

None of our spears might pierce his ancient mail,
Welded with skill demoniac scale on scale.
Some watery realm he wanders, and ’tis said
That he is changed and bears a brighter form,
And goodly sons again about him swarm;
And peace, ’tis but a hollow truce I know,
Now reigns between him and his ancient foe.
He hates me still, and fain would do me harm,
But neither man nor demon dares offend,
Who hath the cruel Thunder-Bird for friend.

PART II.
Nature hath her élite in every land,
Sealed by her signet, felt although unseen.
Winona ’mid her fellows moved a queen,
And scarce a youthful beau in all the band
But sighed in secret longing for her hand.
One only she distinguished o’er the rest,
The latest aspirant for martial fame,
Redstar, a youth whose coup-stick like his name
(Till recently he had been plain Chaské)[11]
Was new, fresh plucked the feathers on his crest.
Just what the feats on which he based his claim
To warlike glory it were hard to say;
He ne’er had seen more than one trivial fray,
But bold assurance sometimes wins the day.
Winona gave him generous credit, too,
For all the gallant deeds he meant to do.
His gay, barbaric dress, his lofty air
Enmeshed her in a sweet bewildering snare.
Transfigured by the light of her own passion,
She saw Chaské in much the usual fashion
Of fairer maids, who love, or think they do.
’Tis not the man they love, but what he seems;
A bright Hyperion, moving stately through
The rosy ether of exalted dreams.

Alas! that love, the purest and most real,

Clusters forever round some form ideal;
And martial things have some strange necromancy
To captivate romantic maiden fancy.
The very word “Lieutenant” hath a charm,
E’en coupled with a vulgar face and form,
A shrivelled heart and microscopic wit,
Scarce for a coachman or a barber fit;
His untried sword, his title, are to her
Better than genius, wealth, or high renown;
His uniform is sweeter than the gown
Of an Episcopalian minister;
And “dash,” for swagger but a synonym,
Is knightly grace and chivalry with him.

Unnoted young Winona’s passion grew,

Chaské alone the tender secret knew;
And he, too selfish love like hers to know,
Warmed by her presence to a transient glow,
Her silent homage drank as ’twere his due.
Winona asked no more though madly fond,
Nor hardly dreamed as yet of closer bond;
But Chance, or Providence, or iron Fate
(Call it what name you will), or soon or late,
Bends to its purpose every human will,
And brings to each its destined good or ill.

THE GROVE.
O’erlooking Minnetonka’s shore,
A grove enchanted lured of yore,
Inured to their deepest woe and joy,
A happy maiden and careless boy;
Lured their feet to its inmost core,
Where like snowy maidens the aspen trees
Swayed and beckoned in the breeze,
While the prairie grass, like rippling seas,
Faintly murmuring lulling hymns,
Rippled about their gleaming limbs.

There is no such charm in a garden-close,

However fair its bower and rose,
As a place where the wild and free rejoice.
Nor doth the storied and ivied arch
Woo the heart with half so sweet a voice
As the bowering arms of the wild-wood larch,
Where the clematis and wild woodbine
Festoon the flowering eglantine;
Where in every flower, shrub, and tree
Is heard the hum of the honey-bee,
And the linden blossoms are softly stirred,
As the fanning wings of the humming-bird
Scatter a perfume of pollen dust,
That mounts to the kindling soul like must;
Where the turtles each spring their loves renew—
The old, old story, “coo-roo, coo-roo,”
Mingles with the wooing note
That bubbles from the song-bird’s throat;
Where on waves of rosy light at play,
Mingle a thousand airy minions,
And drifting as on a golden bay,
The butterfly with his petal pinions,
From isle to isle of his fair dominions
Floats with the languid tides away;
Wh th i l d bbit h l t
Where the squirrel and rabbit shyly mate,
And none so timid but finds her fate;
The meek hen-robin upon the nest
Thrills to her lover’s flaming breast.
Youth, Love, and Life, ’mid scenes like this,
Go to the same sweet tune of bliss;
E’en the flaming flowers of passion seem
Pure as the lily buds that dream
On the bosom of a mountain stream.

Such was the grove that lured of yore,

O’erlooking Minnetonka’s shore,
Lured to their deepest woe and joy
A happy maiden and careless boy,—
Lured their feet to its inmost core;
Where still mysterious shadows slept,
While the plenilune from her path above
With liquid amber bathed the grove,
That through the tree-tops trickling crept,
And every tender alley swept.
The happy maiden and careless boy,
Caught for a moment their deepest joy,
And the iris hues of Youth and Love,
A tender glamour about them wove;
But the trembling shadows the aspens cast
From the maiden’s spirit never passed;
And the nectar was poisoned that thrilled and filled,
From every treacherous leaf distilled,
Her veins that night with a strange alloy.

Swift came the hour that maid and boy must part;
A glow unwonted, tinged with dusky red
Winona’s conscious face as home she sped;
And to the song exultant in her heart,
Beat her light moccasins with rhythmic tread.
But at the summit of a little hill,
Along whose base the village lay outspread