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Figure 3.5. Button creation

The Commands text input field allows the modeler to describe the
actions to be executed when the button is activated, which is
written in NetLogo code. Buttons are most commonly used to call
a procedure from the model. For this to happen, the procedure
name must be written within this field. In Figure 3.5, clicking on

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Protocols
2020, 5G Core Networks
Stefan Rommer, ... Catherine Mulligan

14.3.3 NGAP elementary procedures

NGAP consists of Elementary Procedures. An Elementary
Procedure is a unit of interaction between the (R)AN (e.g., NG-
RAN node) and AMF. These Elementary Procedures are defined
separately and are intended to be used to build up complete
sequences in a flexible manner. The Elementary Procedures may
be invoked independently of each other as standalone procedures,
which can be active in parallel. Some elementary procedures are
specifically related to only Non UE-associated services (e.g., the
NG Setup procedure) while others are related to only UE-
associated services (e.g., the PDU Session Resource Modify
procedure). Some elementary procedures may be using either
Non UE-associated or UE-associated signaling depending on the
scope and the context, e.g., the Error Indication procedure that
uses UE-associated signaling if the error was related to a
reception of a UE-associated signaling message, while it uses Non
UE-associated signaling otherwise. In some cases, the

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independence between some Elementary Procedures is restricted;

in this case the particular restriction is specified in the NGAP
protocol specification.

Tables 14.3 and 14.4 list the elementary procedures in NGAP.

Some of the procedures are request-response type of procedures,
where the initiator gets a response from the receiver of the
request, indicating whether the request was successfully handled
or not. These are listed in Table 14.3. Other procedures are
elementary procedures without a response. These messages are
used, e.g., when AMF wants to only deliver a downlink NAS
message. There is no need for RAN to provide a response in that
case since error handling is handled on NAS level. The elementary
procedures that do not have a response are listed in Table 14.4.

Table 14.3. NGAP elementary procedures with a response to

indicate success or failure (table based on Table 8.1-1 in 3GPP TS
38.413).

Successful Unsuccessful
outcome outcome

Initiating NGAP NGAP

Elementary NGAP response response

procedure message message message

AMF AMF AMF AMF

configuration configuration configuration configuration
update update update update failure
acknowledge

RAN RAN RAN RAN

configuration configuration configuration configuration
update update update update failure
acknowledge

Handover Handover Handover

cancellation cancel cancel
acknowledge

Handover Handover Handover Handover

preparation required command preparation
failure

Handover Handover Handover Handover

resource request request failure
allocation acknowledge

Initial context Initial context Initial context Initial context

setup setup request setup response setup failure

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Successful Unsuccessful
outcome outcome

Initiating NGAP NGAP

Elementary NGAP response response

procedure message message message

NG reset NG reset NG reset

acknowledge

NG setup NG setup NG setup NG setup

request response failure

Path switch Path switch Path switch Path switch

request request request request failur
acknowledge

PDU session PDU session PDU session

resource resource resource
modify modify modify
request response

PDU session PDU session PDU session

resource resource resource
modify modify modify
indication indication confirm

PDU session PDU session PDU session

resource resource resource
release release release
command response

PDU session PDU session PDU session

resource setup resource setup resource setup
request response

UE context UE context UE context UE context

modification modification modification modification
request response failure

UE context UE context UE context

release release release
command complete

Write-replace Write-replace Write-replace

warning warning warning
request response

PWS cancel PWS cancel PWS cancel

request response

UE radio UE radio UE radio

capability capability capability
check check request

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Successful Unsuccessful
outcome outcome

Initiating NGAP NGAP

Elementary NGAP response response

procedure message message message

check

Table 14.4. Elementary NGAP procedures without response (table

based on Table 8.1-2 in 3GPP TS 38.413).

Elementary procedure NGAP message

Downlink RAN configuration Downlink RAN configuration

transfer transfer

Downlink RAN status transfer Downlink RAN status transfer

Downlink NAS transport Downlink NAS transport

Error indication Error indication

Uplink RAN configuration Uplink RAN configuration

transfer transfer

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Introduction to NetLogo
2015, Agent-based Spatial Simulation with Netlogo
Frédéric Amblard, ... Patrick Taillandier

3.4.1.2.3 Initializing the environment:

loading an image
One of the tasks of the setup procedure is to initialize the
environment and therefore to define the initial state of all patches.
In the example we have been using throughout the text, we will
start by initializing the environment to represent the studied
region. So as to accomplish this, we have a map of land use in the
subregion of Maroua at our disposal, in the form of a raster image
named as landuse87NBB.BMP. This image has a resolution of 523
by 424 pixels. Each type of land use is characterized by a
particular color. So as to import the data available within this

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