(MATHEMATICS) Inverse Trigonometric Functions

➢ GENERAL DEFINITION(S):
1. sin−1 ⁡ x, cos −1 ⁡ x, tan−1 ⁡ x etc. denote angles or real numbers whose sine is x, whose cosine is x
and whose tangent is x, provided that the answers given are numerically smallest available.
These are also written as arcsin⁡ x, arc⁡ cos⁡ x etc. If there are two angles one positive & the other
negative having same numerical value, then positive angle should be taken.
2. PRINCIPAL VALUES AND DOMAINS OF INVERSE CIRCULAR FUNCTIONS:
π π
(i) y = sin−1 ⁡ x where −1 ≤ x ≤ 1; − 2 ≤ y ≤ 2 ⁡ and sin⁡ y = x

(ii) y = cos−1 ⁡ x where −1 ≤ x ≤ 1; 0 ≤ y ≤ π and cos⁡ y = x.

π π
(iii) y = tan−1 ⁡ x where x ∈ R; − 2 < x < 2 and tan⁡ y = x.
π π
(iv) y = cosec −1 x where x ≤ −1 or x ≥ 1; − 2 ≤ y ≤ 2 , y ≠ 0 and cosec y = x
π
(v) y = sec −1 x where x ≤ −1 or x ≥ 1; 0 ≤ y ≤ π; y ≠ 2 and sec y = x

(vi) y = cot −1 ⁡ x where x ∈ R, 0 < y < π and cot⁡ y = x.

Note That:
(a) 1st quadrant is common to all the inverse functions.
(b) 3rd quadrant is not used in inverse functions.
π
(c) 4th quadrant is used in the clockwise direction i.e. − 2 ≤ y ≤ 0.

3. PROPERTIES OF INVERSE CIRCULAR FUNCTIONS:

P−1 (i) sin(sin−1 x) = x, −1 ≤ x ≤ 1 (ii) cos(cos −1 x) = x, −1 ≤ x ≤ 1
π π
(iii) tan(tan−1 x) = x, x ∈ R (iv) sin−1(sin x) = x, − 2 ≤ x ≤ 2
π π
(v) cos−1 ⁡(cos⁡ x) = x; 0 ≤ x ≤ π (vi) tan−1 ⁡(tan⁡ x) = x; − 2 < x < 2
−1 1 1
P−2 (i) cosec −1 x = sin ⁡ ; ⁡x ≤ −1, x ≥ 1 (ii) sec −1 ⁡ x = cos −1 ⁡ x ⁡; ⁡x ≤ −1, x ≥ 1
x
1 1
(iii) cot −1 ⁡ x = tan−1 ⁡ x ⁡; ⁡x > 0 = π + tan−1 ⁡ x ; ⁡x < 0

P−3 (i) sin−1(−x) = − sin−1 x⁡ , ⁡ − 1 ≤ x ≤ 1 (ii) tan−1(−x) = − tan−1 x⁡ , ⁡x ∈ R

(iii) cos−1 (−x) = π − cos −1 x , ⁡ − 1 ≤ x ≤ 1 (iv) cot −1 ⁡(−x) = π − cot −1 ⁡ x⁡, ⁡x ∈ R
π π
P−4 (i) sin−1 x + cos −1 x = 2 ⁡ − 1 ≤ x ≤ 1 (ii) tan−1 x + cot −1 x = 2 ⁡x ∈ R
π
(iii) cosec −1 ⁡ x + sec −1 ⁡ x = 2 ⁡|x| ≥ 1
x+y
P–5 tan−1 ⁡ x + tan−1 ⁡ y = tan−1 ⁡ 1−xy ⁡ where x > 0, ⁡y > 0⁡&⁡xy < 1
x+y
= π + tan−1 ⁡ 1−xy ⁡ where x > 0, y > 0⁡&⁡xy > 1
x−y
tan−1 ⁡ x − tan−1 ⁡ y = tan−1 ⁡ 1+xy ⁡

where x > 0, y > 0

APNI KAKSHA 3
(MATHEMATICS) Inverse Trigonometric Functions
P–6 (i) sin−1 ⁡ x + sin−1 ⁡ y = sin−1 ⁡[x√1 − y 2 + y√1 − x 2 ] where x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0&(x 2 + y 2 ) ≤ 1

π
Note that: x 2 + y 2 ≤ 1 ⇒ 0 ≤ sin−1 ⁡ x + sin−1 ⁡ y ≤ 2

(ii) sin−1 ⁡ x + sin−1 ⁡ y = π − sin−1 ⁡[x√1 − y 2 + y√1 − x 2 ]⁡ where x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0&x 2 + y 2 > 1

π
Note that: x 2 + y 2 > 1 ⇒ < sin−1 ⁡ x + sin−1 ⁡ y < π
2

(iii) sin−1 ⁡ x − sin−1 ⁡ y = sin−1 ⁡[x√1 − y 2 − y√1 − x 2 ] where x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0

(iv) ⁡cos−1 ⁡ x ± cos −1 ⁡ y = cos−1 ⁡|xy ∓ √1 − x 2 √1 − y 2 | where x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0

x+y+z−xyz
P–7 If tan−1 ⁡ x + tan−1 ⁡ y + tan−1 ⁡ z = tan−1 ⁡ [1−xy−yz−zx] if, x > 0, y > 0, z > 0&xy + yz + zx < 1

Note: (i) If tan−1 ⁡ x + tan−1 ⁡ y + tan−1 ⁡ z = π then x + y + z = xyz

π
(ii) If tan−1 ⁡ x + tan−1 ⁡ y + tan−1 ⁡ z = then xy + yz + zx = 1
2

2x 1−x2 2x
P–8 2tan−1 ⁡ x = sin−1 ⁡ 1+x2 = cos−1 ⁡ 1+x2 = tan−1 ⁡ 1−x2

Note very carefully that:

2tan−1 ⁡ x if |x| ≤ 1
−1 2x 1−x2 −1
cos−1 ⁡ 1+x2 = [2tan −1
⁡x if x ≥ 0
sin ⁡ 1+x2 = [π − 2tan−1 ⁡ x if x>1
−2tan ⁡ x if x < 0
−(π + 2tan−1 ⁡ x) if x < −1

2x 2tan−1 ⁡ x if |x| < 1

tan−1 ⁡ = [ π + 2tan−1 ⁡ x if x < −1
1 − x2
−(π − 2tan−1 ⁡ x) if x>1

➢ REMEMBER THAT:
3π
(i) sin−1 ⁡ x + sin−1 ⁡ y + sin−1 ⁡ z = 2
⁡⇒x=y=z=1

(ii) cos−1 ⁡ x + cos−1 ⁡ y + cos −1 ⁡ z = 3π⁡ ⇒ x = y = z = −1

1 1 π
(iii) tan−1 ⁡ 1 + tan−1 ⁡ 2 + tan−1 ⁡ 3 = π⁡ and tan−1 ⁡ 1 + tan−1 ⁡ 2 + tan−1 ⁡ 3 = 2

APNI KAKSHA 4
(MATHEMATICS) Inverse Trigonometric Functions
INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
SOME USEFUL GRAPHS
π π
1. y = sin−1 ⁡ x, |x| ≤ 1, y ∈ [− 2 , 2 ]

2. y = cos−1 ⁡ x, |x| ≤ 1, y ∈ [0, π]

π π
3. y = tan−1 ⁡ x, x ∈ R, y ∈ (− 2 , 2 )

4. y = cot −1 ⁡ x, x ∈ R, y ∈ (0, π)

APNI KAKSHA 5
(MATHEMATICS) Inverse Trigonometric Functions
π π
5. y = sec −1 ⁡ x, |x| ≥ 1, y ∈ [0, 2 ) ∪ ( 2 , π]

π π
6. y = cosec −1 ⁡ x, |x| ≥ 1, y ∈ [− 2 , 0) ∪ (0, 2 ]

π π
7. (a) y = sin−1(sin x) , x ∈ R, y ∈ [− 2 , 2 ], Periodic with period 2π

(b) y = sin(sin−1 x) , = x; x ∈ [−1,1], y ∈ [−1,1], y is aperiodic

8. (a) y = cos −1 (cos x) , x ∈ R, y ∈ [0, π], periodic with period 2π = x

(b) y = cos(cos−1 x) , = x; ⁡x ∈ [−1,1], y ∈ [−1,1], y is aperiodic

APNI KAKSHA 6
(MATHEMATICS) Inverse Trigonometric Functions
9. (a) y = tan⁡(tan−1 ⁡ x), x ∈ R, y ∈ R, y is aperiodic = x

π π π
(b) y = tan−1(tan x) = x;⁡x ∈ R − {(2n − 1) 2 n ∈ I} , y ∈ (− 2 , 2 ) ,⁡periodic with period π

10. (a) y = cot −1(cot x) = x; ⁡x ∈ R − {nπ}, y ∈ (0, π), periodic with π

(b) y = cot(cot −1 x) , = x; x ∈ R, y ∈ R, y is aperiodic

11. (a) y = cosec −1 ⁡(cosec⁡ x), = x

π π
x; xεR − {nπ, nε ∣}, y ∈ [− , 0) ∪ (0, ]
2 2
y is periodic with period 2π

(b) y = cosec(cosec −1 x), = x

x  1, y  1, y is aperiodic

APNI KAKSHA 7
(MATHEMATICS) Inverse Trigonometric Functions
12. (a) y = sec −1 ⁡(sec⁡ x), = ⁡x; y is periodic with period 2π;
π π π
x ∈ R − {(2n − 1) n ∈ I} ⁡y ∈ [0, ) ∪ ( , π]
2 2 2

(b) y = sec⁡(sec −1 ⁡ x), = x

|x| ≥ 1; |y| ≥ 1], y is aperiodic

APNI KAKSHA 8
(MATHEMATICS) Inverse Trigonometric Functions
PROFICIENCY TEST-01
1. Find value of:
17π
(i) sin⁡ [cot −1 ⁡ (cot⁡ )] (ii) sin−1 ⁡(sin⁡(−600∘ ))
3
3 5π
(iii) sin⁡ [2cos−1 ⁡ (− 5)] (iv) tan−1 ⁡ tan⁡ ( 7 )
33π 2π 2π
(v) sin−1 ⁡ (cos⁡ ) (vi) cos−1 ⁡ (cos⁡ ) + sin−1 ⁡ (sin⁡ )
5 3 3
1 1 17
(vii) sin2 ⁡ (cos −1 ⁡ 2) + cos 2 ⁡ (sin−1 ⁡ 3) (viii) cos−1 ⁡ [cos⁡ (− 15 π)]
π √3
(ix) sin⁡ [ 2 − sin−1 ⁡ (− )] (x) sec 2 ⁡(tan−1 ⁡ 2) + cosec 2 ⁡(cot −1 ⁡ 3)
2

2. If cos–1(a) + cos–1(b) + cos–1(c) = 3 and f(1) = 2, f(x + y) = f(x) f(y) for all x, y ;
(a+b+c)
then a2f(1) + b 2f(2) + c 2f(3) + a2f(1)+b2f(2)+c2f(3) is equal to:

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3

3. If sin−1 ⁡ x + tan−1 ⁡ x = y(−1 < x < 1), then which is not possible:
3π π π
(A) y = (B) y = 0 (C) y = (D) y = − 2
2 2

4. The trigonometric equation sin–1x = 2sin–1 a has a solution for:

1 1
(A) 2 < |a| < (B) All real values of a
√2
1 1
(C) |a| < 2 (D) |a| ≤
√2
25
5. If 3cos−1 ⁡ (x 2 − 7x + ) = π, then x =
2

(A) only 3 (B) only 4 (C) 3 or 4 (D) None of these

1 1
6. The value of sin2 ⁡ (cos −1 ⁡ 2) + cos2 ⁡ (sin−1 ⁡ 3) is:
17 59 36
(A) 36 (B) 36 (C) 59 (D) None

7. If ∑20 20
i=1 sin ⁡ xi = 10π then ∑i=1 xi is equal to:
−1

(A) 20 (B) 10 (C) 0 (D) None of these

1
8. If x + x = 2, the principal value of sin−1 ⁡ x is:
π π 3π
(A) 4 (B) 2 (C) π (D) 2
23π 39π
9. sin−1 ⁡ sin⁡ + cos −1 ⁡ cos⁡
7 7
π 2π 3π 4π
(A) 7 (B) (C) (D)
7 7 7

1+cos⁡ x
10. cos−1 ⁡ √ ; ∀0 < x < π is :
2
x
(A) x (B) 2 (C) 2x (D) None of these

APNI KAKSHA 9
(MATHEMATICS) Inverse Trigonometric Functions
PROFICIENCY TEST-02
1. sec⁡(cosec −1 ⁡ x) is equal to: (where |x| ≥ 1 )

(A) cosec⁡(sec −1⁡ x) (B) 1/x

(C) π (D) Depends on sign of x

π
2. If sin−1 ⁡ x − cos −1 ⁡ x = 6 , then x is:

1 √3 1
(A) 2 (B) (C) − 2 (D) None of these
2

1
3. Solution of equation tan⁡(cos−1 ⁡ x) = sin⁡ (cot −1 ⁡ 2) is:

√7 √5 3√5
(A) x = (B) x = (C) x = (D) None of these
3 3 2

1 1
4. sin−1 ⁡ x + sin−1 ⁡ x + cos −1 ⁡ x + cos−1 ⁡ x =

π 3π
(A) π (B) 2 (C) (D) None of these
2

5. If x > 0, sin−1 ⁡(2π + x) + cos−1 ⁡(2π + x)

π π π
(A) 2π + 2 (B) 2 (C) x + 2 (D) None of these

2π
6. If sin−1 ⁡ x + sin−1 ⁡ y = , then cos−1 ⁡ x + cos −1 ⁡ y =
3

2π π π
(A) 3
(B) 3 (C) 6 (D) π

4 2
7. The value of tan⁡ {cos −1 ⁡ (5) + sin−1 ⁡ ( )} is:
√13

7 17 6 16
(A) 16 (B) (C) 17 (D)
6 7

8. The value of cos⁡[tan−1 ⁡ tan⁡ 2] is:

1 1
(A) (B) − (C) cos⁡ 2 (D) −cos⁡ 2
√5 √5

9. cos⁡[tan−1 ⁡{sin⁡(cot −1 ⁡ x)}] is equal to -

x2 +2 x2 +2 x2 +1
(A) √x2+3 (B) √x2+1 (C) √x2+2 (D) None of these

10. If a ≤ tan−1 ⁡ x + cot −1 ⁡ x + sin−1 ⁡ x ≤ b. Then:

π π
(A) a = 0, b = π (B) b = (C) a = (D) None of these
2 4
APNI KAKSHA 10
(MATHEMATICS) Inverse Trigonometric Functions
PROFICIENCY TEST-03

1. tan−1 ⁡ n + cot −1 ⁡(n + 1) is equal to (n > 0) :

(A) cot −1 ⁡(n2 + n + 1) (B) cot −1 ⁡(n2 − n + 1)

(C) tan−1 ⁡(n2 + n + 1) (D) None of these

2. If sin−1 ⁡(sin⁡ x) = π − x then x belongs to:

π 3π
(A) R (B) [0, π] (C) [ 2 , ] (D) [π, 2π]
2

1 1
3. If x = 3tan−1 ⁡ (2) + 2tan−1 ⁡ (5) then,

π π π 3π π
(A) 4 < x < (B) 2 < x < π (C) π < x < (D) 0 < x <
2 2 4

1 9π 9π
4. The principal value of cos −1 ⁡ { (cos⁡ 10 − sin⁡ 10)} is:
√2

3π 7π 7π 17π
(A) 20 (B) 20 (C) 10 (D) 20

a−b b−c
5. tan−1 ⁡ 1+ab + tan−1 ⁡ 1+bc = ⁡(a, b, c > 0)

(A) tan−1 ⁡ a − tan−1 b (B) tan−1 ⁡ a − tan−1 c

(C) tan−1 ⁡ b − tan−1 ⁡ c (D) tan−1 ⁡ c − tan−1 ⁡ a
π
6. If tan−1 ⁡ 2x + tan−1 ⁡ 3x = 4 then x =

−1 1 1
(A) -1 (B) (C) −1, 6 (D) 6
6

7. If cos−1 ⁡ x > sin−1 ⁡ x, then:

1 1
(A) x < 0 (B) −1 < x < 0 (C) 0 ≤ x < (D) −1 ≤ x <
√2 √2

8. sin−1 ⁡ sin⁡ 15 + cos−1 ⁡ cos⁡ 20 + tan−1 ⁡ tan⁡ 25 =

(A) 19π − 60 (B) 30 − 9π (C) 19 − 60π (D) 60π − 19

1 √5
9. tan⁡ [2 cos −1 ⁡ ( 3 )] =
3−√5 3+√5 2 2
(A) (B) (C) 3−√5 (D) 3+√5
2 2

10. If α and β are the roots of the equation x 2 + 5x − 49 = 0 then find the value of
cot t ⁡(cot −1 ⁡ α + cot −1 ⁡ β).

APNI KAKSHA 11
(MATHEMATICS) Inverse Trigonometric Functions
EXERXISE – I
1. Given is a partial graph of an even periodic function f whose period is 8. If
[⁡∗ ] denotes greatest integer function then find the value of the expression.
7
f(−3) + 2|f(−1)| + [f ( )] + f(0) + arccos⁡(f(−2)) + f(−7) + f(20)
8
2. (a) Find the following
1 −1 7π
(i) tan⁡ [cos −1 ⁡ 2 + tan−1 ⁡ ( )] (ii) cos−1 ⁡ (cos⁡ )
√3 6
3 3 3
(iii) cos⁡ (tan−1 ⁡ 4) (iv) tan⁡ (sin−1 ⁡ 5 + cot −1 ⁡ 2)

(b) Find the following:

π −√3 −√3 π
(i) sin⁡ [ 2 − sin−1 ⁡ ( )] (ii) cos⁡ [cos −1 ⁡ ( ) + 6]
2 2
3π 1 √63
(iii) tan−1 ⁡ (tan⁡ ) (iv) sin⁡ (4 arcsin⁡ )
4 8

3. Find the domain of definition the following functions.

(Read the symbols [⁡∗ ] and {⁡∗ } as greatest integers and fractional part functions respectively.)
2x
(i) f(x) = arccos⁡ 1+x
1+x2
(ii) f(x) = √cos⁡(sin⁡ x) + sin−1 ⁡ 2x
x−3
(iii) f(x) = sin−1 ⁡ ( ) − log10 ⁡(4 − x)
2

(iv) f(x) = sin−1 ⁡(2x + x 2 )

√1−sin⁡ x
(v) f(x) = log 2)
+ cos −1 ⁡(1 − {x}), where {x} is the fractional part of x.
5 ⁡(1−4x

3−2x
(vi) f(x) = √3 − x + cos−1 ⁡ ( ) + log 6 ⁡(2|x| − 3) + sin−1 ⁡(log 2 ⁡ x)
5

3
(vii) f(x) = log10 ⁡(1 − log 7 ⁡(x 2 − 5x + 13)) + cos −1 ⁡ ( 9πx )
2+sin⁡
2

−1 ⁡(x) x
(viii) f(x) = esin 2 + tan−1 ⁡ [2 − 1] + ℓln⁡(√x − [x])
−1 2sin⁡ x+1
(ix) f(x) = √sin⁡(cos⁡ x) + ln⁡(−2cos2 ⁡ x + 3cos⁡ x + 1) + ecos (2√2sin⁡ x )

4. Identify the pair(s) of functions which are identical. Also plot the graphs in each case.
√1−x2
(a) y = tan⁡(cos−1 ⁡ x); y = x
1
(b) y = tan⁡(cot −1 ⁡ x); y = x
x
(c) y = sin⁡(arctan⁡ x); y = √1+x2

(d) y = cos⁡(arctan⁡ x); y = sin⁡(arccot⁡ x)

APNI KAKSHA 12
(MATHEMATICS) Inverse Trigonometric Functions
5. Find the domain and range of the following functions .
(Read the symbols [⁡∗ ] and {⁡∗ } as greatest integers and fractional part functions respectively.)
(i) f(x) = cot −1 ⁡(2x − x 2 ) (ii) f(x) = sec −1 ⁡(log 3 ⁡ tan⁡ x + log tan⁡ x ⁡ 3)
√2x2 +1
(iii) f(x) = cos−1 ⁡ ( ) (iv) f(x) = tan−1 ⁡ (log 4 ⁡(5x 2 − 8x + 4))
x2 +1 5

6. Let y = sin−1(sin 8) − tan−1(tan 10) + cos −1 (cos 12) − sec −1(sec 9) + cot −1 (cot 6)
−⁡cosec −1 ⁡(cosec 7 ). If y simplifies to aπ + b then find (a − b).
33π 46π 13π 19π 13π
7. Show that : sin−1 ⁡ (sin⁡ ) + cos−1 ⁡ (cos⁡ ) + tan−1 ⁡ (−tan⁡ ) + cot −1 ⁡ (cot⁡ (− )) =
7 7 8 8 7

36 4 8
8. Let α = sin−1 ⁡ (85) , β = cos−1 ⁡ (5) and γ = tan−1 ⁡ (15), find (α + β + γ) and hence prove that

(i) ∑cot⁡ α = ∏cot⁡ α, (ii) ∑tan⁡ α ⋅ tan⁡ β = 1

9. Prove that: sin⁡ cot −1 ⁡ tan⁡ cos −1 ⁡ x = sin⁡ cosec −1 ⁡ cot −1 ⁡ x = x⁡ where x ∈ (0,1]
10. Prove that:
3 16 1 7 5 7 36
(a) 2cos−1 ⁡ + cot −1 ⁡ 63 + 2 cos −1 ⁡ 25 = π (b) cos−1 ⁡ (13) + cos −1 ⁡ (− 25) + sin−1 ⁡ 325 = π
√13

2 √6+1 π
(c) arccos⁡ √3 − arccos⁡ =
2√3 6

11. If a > b > c > 0 then find the value of :

ab+1 bc+1 ca+1
cot −1 ⁡ ( a−b ) + cot −1 ⁡ ( b−c ) + cot −1 ⁡ ( c−a ).

12. Find the simplest value of

x 1 1
(a) f(x) = arccos⁡ x + arccos⁡ (2 + 2 √3 − 3x 2 ) , x ∈ (2 , 1)
√1+x2 −1
(b) f(x) = tan−1 ⁡ ( ) , x ∈ R − {0}
x

3sin⁡ 2α tan⁡ α π π
13. Prove that: tan−1 ⁡ (5+3cos⁡ 2α) + tan−1 ⁡ ( ) = α⁡ (where − 2 < α < 2 )
4

14. If arcsin⁡ x + arcsin⁡ y + arcsin⁡ z = π then prove that (x, y, z > 0)

x√1 − x 2 + y√1 − y 2 + z√1 − z 2 = 2xyz

15. Prove the identities.
π
(a) sin−1 ⁡ cos⁡(sin−1 ⁡ x) + cos −1 ⁡ sin⁡(cos−1 ⁡ x) = 2 , |x| ≤ 1

(b) 2tan−1 ⁡(cosec⁡ tan−1 ⁡ x − tan⁡ cot −1 ⁡ x) = tan−1 ⁡ x⁡(x ≠ 0)

2mn 2pq 2MN
(c) tan−1 ⁡ (m2−n2) + tan−1 ⁡ (p2 −q2) = tan−1 ⁡ (M2−N2)
n q N
where M = mp − nq, N = np + mq, |m| < 1; |p| < 1 and |M| < 1

(d) tan⁡(tan−1 ⁡ x + tan−1 ⁡ y + tan−1 ⁡ z) = cot⁡(cot −1 ⁡ x + cot −1 ⁡ y + cot −1 ⁡ z)

APNI KAKSHA 13
(MATHEMATICS) Inverse Trigonometric Functions
16. Find all values of k for which there is a triangle whose angles have measure

1 1 1
tan−1 ⁡ (2) , tan−1 ⁡ (2 + k), and tan−1 ⁡ (2 + 2k)

17. (a) Solve the inequality: (arcsec⁡ x)2 − 6(arcsec⁡ x) + 8 > 0

π π
(b) If sin2 ⁡ x + sin2 ⁡ y < 1, x, y ∈ R then prove that sin−1 ⁡(tan⁡ x ⋅ tan⁡ y) ∈ (− 2 , 2 ).

π
18. Let f(x) = cot −1 ⁡(x 2 + 4x + α2 − α) be a function defined R → (0, 2 ] then find the complete set

of real values of α for which f(x) is onto.

−1 ⁡ a
19. If X = cosec ⋅ tan−1 ⋅ cos ⋅ cot −1 ⋅ sec ⋅ sin−1 ⁡ a&& = sec⁡ cot −1 ⁡ sin⁡ tan−1 ⁡ cosec −cos ;

where 0 ≤ a ≤ 1. Find the relation between X & Y. Express them in terms of ' a '.
1 7
20. Prove that the equation, (sin−1 ⁡ x)3 + (cos −1 ⁡ x)3 = απ3 has no roots for α < 32 and α > 8

21. Solve the following inequalities:

(a) (arccot⁡ x)2 − 5arccot⁡ x + 6 > 0

(b) arcsin⁡ x > arccos⁡ x

(c) tan2 ⁡(arcsin⁡ x) > 1

APNI KAKSHA 14
(MATHEMATICS) Inverse Trigonometric Functions
EXERXISE – II
1+x 1−x2
1. If α = 2arctan⁡ (1−x) &⁡β = arcsin⁡ (1+x2) for 0 < x < 1, then prove that α + β = π. What will the

value of α + β be if x > 1.
1
2. If x ∈ [−1, − 2] then express the function f(x) = sin−1 ⁡(3x − 4x 3 ) + cos −1 ⁡(4x 3 − 3x) in the

form of acos−1 ⁡ x + bπ, where a and b are rational numbers.

3. Find the sum of the series:
(a) cot −1 ⁡ 7 + cot −1 ⁡ 13 + cot −1 ⁡ 21 + cot −1 ⁡ 31 + ⋯ … to n terms.
1 2 2n−1
(b) tan−1 ⁡ 3 + tan−1 ⁡ 9 + ⋯ . . +tan−1 ⁡ 1+22n−1 + ⋯ . . ∞
1 1 1 1
(c) tan−1 ⁡ x2+x+1 + tan−1 ⁡ x2+3x+3 + tan−1 ⁡ x2 +5x+7 + tan−1 ⁡ x2 +7x+13 to n terms.
1 √2−1 √n−√n−1
(d) sin−1 ⁡ + sin−1 ⁡ + ⋯ . . +sin−1 ⁡ + ⋯..∞
√2 √6 √n(n+1)

1+√(k−1)k(k+1)(k+2)
(e) Limn→∞ ⁡ ∑nk=2 cos −1 ⁡ ( )
k(k+1)

4. Solve the following equations/system of equations:

π
(a) sin−1 ⁡ x + sin−1 ⁡ 2x = 3
1 1 2
(b) tan−1 ⁡ 1+2x + tan−1 ⁡ 1+4x = tan−1 ⁡ x2

(c) tan−1 ⁡(x − 1) + tan−1 ⁡(x) + tan−1 ⁡(x + 1) = tan−1 ⁡(3x)

(d) 3cos −1 ⁡ x = sin−1 ⁡ (√1 − x 2 (4x 2 − 1))

x−1 2x−1 23
(e) tan−1 ⁡ x+1 + tan−1 ⁡ 2x+1 = tan−1 ⁡ 36
2π π
(f) sin−1 x + sin−1 y = ⁡&⁡cos −1 ⁡ x − cos −1 ⁡ y =
3 3
1−a2 1−b2
(g) 2tan−1 ⁡ x = cos −1 ⁡ 1+a2 − cos−1 ⁡ 1+b2 ⁡(a > 0, b > 0).
x2 −1 2x 2π
(h) cos−1 ⁡ x2+1 + tan−1 ⁡ x2−1 = 3

5. Find the integral values of K for which the system of equations;

Kπ2
arccos⁡ x + (arcsin⁡ y)2 = 4
[ π4
possesses solutions & find those solutions.
2
L(arcsin⁡ y) ⋅ (arccos⁡ x) = 16

6. Find all the positive integral solutions of,

y 3
tan−1 x + cos −1 = sin−1 ⁡.
√1 + y 2 √10

APNI KAKSHA 15
(MATHEMATICS) Inverse Trigonometric Functions
7. Column-I Column-II
2
(A) f(x) = sin−1 ⁡ (|sin⁡ x−1|+|sin⁡ x+1|) (P) f (x) is many one

(B) f(x) = cos−1 ⁡(|x − 1| − |x − 2|) (Q) Domain of f (x) is R

π
(C) f(x) = sin−1 ⁡ (|sin−1 ⁡ x−(π/2)|+|sin−1⁡ x+(π/2)|) (R) Range contain only irrational Number

(D) f(x) = cos(cos −1 |x|) + sin−1(sin x) (S) f (x) is even.

−cosec −1 ⁡(cosec⁡ x) + cosec −1 ⁡ |x|
8. Solve the following system of inequations
4(arctan⁡ x)2 − 8arctan⁡ x + 3 < 0⁡&⁡4arccot⁡ x − (arccot⁡ x)2 − 3 ≥ 0
9. Consider the two equations in x :
cos−1 ⁡ x sin−1 ⁡ x
(i) sin⁡ ( )=1 (ii) cos⁡ ( )=0
y y

The sets X1 , X2 ⊆ [−1,1];⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡Y1 , Y2 ⊆ 1 − {0} are such that

𝐗 𝟏 : the solution set of equation (i) 𝐗 𝟐 : the solution set of equation (ii)
𝐘𝟏 : the set of all integral values of y for which equation (i) possess a solution
𝐘𝟐 : the set of all integral values of y for which equation (ii) possess a solution
Let : C1 be the correspondence : X1 → Y1 such that xC1 y for x ∈ X1 , y ∈ Y1 &(x, y) satisfy (i).
C2 be the correspondence: X2 → Y2 such that xC2 y for x ∈ X2 , y ∈ Y2 &(x, y) satisfy (ii). State with
reasons if C1 ⁡&⁡C2 are functions? If yes, state whether they are bijective or not?
m
10. If the sum ∑10
n=1 ∑m=1 tan ⁡ ( n ) = kπ, find the value of k.
10 −1

11. Show that the roots r, s, and t of the cubic x(x − 2)(3x − 7) = 2, are real and positive. Also
compute the value of tan−1 ⁡(r) + tan−1 ⁡(s) + tan−1 ⁡(t).
2x2 +4
12. Solve for x: ⁡sin−1 ⁡ (sin⁡ ( 1+x2 )) < π − 3.

13. Find the set of values of ' a ' for which the equation 2cos−1 ⁡ x = a + a2 (cos−1 ⁡ x)−1 posses a
solution.
π 3π π 3π
14. Let⁡f: [ 2 , ] → [−1,1], f(x) = sin x ; g: [π, 2π] → [−1,1], g(x) = cos x ; h: ( 2 , ) → R, h(x) =
2 2

⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡tan⁡ x; u: (π, 2π) → R, u(x) = cot⁡ x

Column I Column II
3
(A) Let f −1 (x) + g −1 (x) = kπ, then k = (P) 4

(B) The value of x satisfying the equation (Q) 1

(C) Let complete range of function h−1 (x) + u−1 (R) 2
(x) − g −1 (x) is [mπ, nπ], then m + n =
(D) The greatest value of function
5
h−1 (x) − f −1 (x) is mπ, then m = (S) 2

APNI KAKSHA 16
(MATHEMATICS) Inverse Trigonometric Functions
EXERXISE – III
1. cot −1 ⁡(√cos⁡ α) − tan−1 ⁡(√cos⁡ α) = x, then sin⁡ x is equal to [AIEEE 2002]
α α α
(A) tan2 ⁡ 2 (B) cot 2 ⁡ 2 (C) tan⁡ α (D) cot⁡ 2

y
2. If cos−1 ⁡ x − cos −1 ⁡ 2 = α, then 4x 2 − 4xycos⁡ α + y 2 is equal to - [AIEEE 2005]

(A) 2sin⁡ 2α (B) 4 (C) 4sin2 ⁡ α (D) −4sin2 ⁡ α

2x
3. Let f: (−1,1) → B, be a function defined by f(x) = tan−1 ⁡ 1−x2, then f is both one-one and onto

when B is the interval - [AIEEE 2005]

π π π π π π
(A) (0, 2 ) (B) [0, 2 ) (C) [− 2 , 2 ] (D) (− 2 , 2 )

x 5 π
4. If sin−1 ⁡ (5) + cosec −1 ⁡ (4) = 2 then a value of x is : [AIEEE 2007]

(A) 1 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5

−π π 2 x
5. The largest interval lying in ( 2 , 2 ) for which the function f(x) = 4−x + cos−1 ⁡ (2 − 1) +

log⁡(cos⁡ x), is defined, is- [AIEEE 2007]

−π π π π π
(A) [0, π] (B) ( 2 , 2 ) (C) [− 4 , 2 ) (D) [0, 2 )

5 2
6. The vale of cot⁡ (cosec −1 ⁡ 3 + tan−1 ⁡ 3) is: [AIEEE 2008]

3 2 5 6
(A) 17 (B) 17 (C) 17 (D) 17

7. If x, y, z are in A.P. and tan−1 ⁡ x, tan−1 ⁡ y and tan−1 ⁡ z are also in A.P., then : [IIT Mains 2013]

(A) 6x = 4y = 3z (B) x = y = z (C) 2x = 3y = 6z (D) 6x = 3y = 2z

2x 1
8. Let tan−1 ⁡ y = tan−1 ⁡ x + tan−1 ⁡ (1−x2) where |x| < . Then a value of y is: [IIT Mains 2015]
√3

3x+x3 3x−x3 3x+x3 3x−x3

(A) 1+3x2 (B) 1−3x2 (C) 1−3x2 (D) 1+3x2

APNI KAKSHA 17
(MATHEMATICS) Inverse Trigonometric Functions
EXERXISE – IV
π
1. The number of real solutions of tan−1 ⁡ √x(x + 1) + sin−1 ⁡ √x 2 + x + 1 = 2 is:

[JEE '99, 2 (out of 200)]

(A)zero (B)one (C)two (D) infinite
2. Using the principal values, express the following as a single angle :
1 1 142
3 tan−1 (2) + 2 tan−1 (5) + sin−1 65√5⁡. [REE '99, 6]
ax bx
3. Solve, sin−1 ⁡ + sin−1 ⁡ = sin−1 ⁡ x, where a2 + b2 = c 2 , c ≠ 0.
c c

[REE 2000(Mains), 3 out of 100]

4. Solve the equation:
π
cos−1 ⁡(√6x) + cos−1 ⁡(3√3x 2 ) = [REE 2001 (Mains), 3 out of 100]
2
x2 x3 x4 x6 π
5. If sin−1 ⁡ (x − + − ⋯ … . . ) + cos−1 ⁡ (x 2 − + − ⋯ … . ) = 2 for 0 < |x| < √2 then x
2 4 2 4

equals to [JEE 2001(screening)]

(A) ½ (B) 1 (C) −1/2 (D) -1
x2 +1
6. Prove that cos⁡ tan−1 ⁡ sin⁡ cot −1 ⁡ x = √x2+2 [JEE 2002 (mains) 5]

π
7. Domain of f(x) = √sin−1 ⁡(2x) + 6 is [JEE 2003 (Screening) 3]

1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1
(A) (− 2 , 2] (B) [− 4 , 4) (C) [− 4 , 4] (D) [− 4 , 2]

8. If sin⁡(cot −1 ⁡(x + 1)) = cos⁡(tan−1 ⁡ x), then x = [JEE 2004 (Screening)]

1 1 9
(A) − 2 (B) 2 (C) 0 (D) 4
π
9. Let (x, y) be such that sin−1 ⁡(ax) + cos −1 ⁡(y) + cos −1 ⁡(bxy) = 2

Match the statements in Column I with statements in Column II and indicate your answer by
darkening the appropriate bubbles in the 4 × 4 matrix given in the ORS. [JEE 2007, 6]
Column I Column II
(A) If a = 1 and b = 0, then (x, y) (P) lies on the circle x 2 + y 2 = 1
(B) If a = 1 and b = 1, then (x, y) (Q) lies on (x 2 − 1)(y 2 − 1) = 0
(C) If a = 1 and b = 2, then (x, y) (R) lies on y = x
(D) If a = 2 and b = 2, then (x, y) (S) lies on (4x 2 − 1)(y 2 − 1) = 0
10. If 0 < x < 1, then √1 + x 2 [{xcos⁡(cot −1 ⁡ x) + sin⁡(cot −1 ⁡ x)}2 − 1]1/2 = [JEE 2008, 3]
x
(A) √1+x2 (B) x

(C) x√1 + x 2 (D) √1 + x 2

APNI KAKSHA 18
(MATHEMATICS) Inverse Trigonometric Functions
n
11. The value of cot⁡(∑23
n=1 cot ⁡(1 + ∑k=1 2k)) is
−1
[JEE Advanced 2013]
23 25 23 24
(A) 25 (B) 23 (C) 24 (D) 23

12. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:
[JEE Advanced 2013]
List-I List-II
1/2
1 cos⁡(tan−1 ⁡ y)+ysin⁡(tan−1 ⁡ y) 1 5
(P) (y 2 ( ) + y4 ) takes value (1) √
cot⁡(sin−1 ⁡ y)+tan⁡(sin−1 ⁡ y) 2 3

(Q) If cos⁡ x + cos⁡ y + cos⁡ z = 0sin⁡ x + sin⁡ y + sin⁡ z then possible (2) √2
x−y
value of cos⁡ is
2
π
(R) If cos⁡ ( 4 − x) cos⁡ 2x + sin⁡ xsin⁡ 2xsec⁡ x = cos⁡ xsin⁡ 2xsec⁡ x (3) 1/2
π
+cos⁡ (4 + x) cos⁡ 2x then possible value of sec⁡ x is

(S) If cot⁡(sin−1 ⁡ √1 − x 2 ) = sin⁡(tan−1 ⁡(x√6)), x ≠ 0, (4) 1

then possible value of x is
Codes:
⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡(P)⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡(Q)⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡(R)⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡(S)
(A) 4 3 1 2
(B) 4 3 2 1
(C) 3 4 2 1
(D) 3 4 1 2
13. Let f: [0,4π] → [0, π] be defined by f(x) = cos −1 ⁡(cos⁡ x). The number of points x ∈ [0,4π]
10−x
satisfying the equation f(x) = is ________ . [JEE Advanced 2014]
10
6 4
14. If α = 3sin−1 ⁡ (11) and β = 3cos−1 ⁡ (9), where the inverse trigonometric functions take only the

principal values, then the correct option(s) is (are) [JEE Advanced 2015]
(A) cos⁡ β > 0 (B) sin⁡ β < 0 (C) cos⁡(α + β) > 0 (D) cos⁡ α < 0
x x
15. Let E1 = {x ∈ R: x ≠ 1 and x−1 > 0} and E2 = {x ∈ E1 : sin−1 ⁡ (log e ⁡ (x−1)) isarealnumber }
π π
(Here, the inverse trigonometric function sin−1 ⁡ x assumes values in [− 2 , 2 ] ).
x
Let f: E1 → R be the function defined by f(x) = log e ⁡ (x−1) and
x
g: E2 → R be the function defined by g(x) = sin−1 ⁡ (log e ⁡ (x−1)). [JEE Advanced 2018]

APNI KAKSHA 19
(MATHEMATICS) Inverse Trigonometric Functions
List - I List – II
1 e
(P) The range of f is (1) (−∞, 1−e] ∪ [e−1 , ∞)

(Q) The range of g contains (2) (0,1)

1 1
(R) The domain of f contains (3) [− 2 , 2]

(S) The domain of g is (4) (−∞, 0) ∪ (0, ∞)

e
(5) (−∞, e−1]
1 e
(6) (−∞, 0) ∪ (2 , e−1]

The correct option is :

(A) P → 4; Q → 2; R → 1; S → 1 (B) P → 3; Q → 3; R → 6; S → 5
(C) P → 4; Q → 2; R → 1; S → 6 (D) P → 4; Q → 3; R → 6; S → 5
x i π
16. The number of real solutions of the equation sin−1 ⁡ (∑∞
i=1 x
i+1
− x∑∞
i=1 (2) ) = 2 −

x i 1 1
⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡cos −1 ⁡ (∑∞ ∞
i=1 (− 2) − ∑i=1 (−x) ) lying in the interval (− 2 , 2) is __________ .
i

π π
(Here, the inverse trigonometric functions sin−1 ⁡ x and cos −1 ⁡ x assume values in [− 2 , 2 ] and

[0, π], respectively.) [JEE Advanced 2018]

APNI KAKSHA 20
(MATHEMATICS) Inverse Trigonometric Functions
ANSWER KEY
PROFICIENCY TEST-01
√3 π 24 2π −π 59
1. (i) (ii) 3 (iii) − 25 (iv) − (v) (vi) ⁡π (vii) 36
2 7 10
13π 1
(viii) (ix) 2 (x) 15
15

2. C 3. A 4. D 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. B
9. A 10. B
PROFICIENCY TEST-02
1. A 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. D 6. B 7. B
8. D 9. C 10. A
PROFICIENCY TEST-03
1. C 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. B 6. D 7. D
8. B 9. A 10. 10
EXERCISE–I
1. 5
1 5π 4 17
2. (a) (i) , (ii) , (iii) 5, (iv) ;
√3 6 6

1 π √2
(b) (i) 2, (ii) -1, (iii) − 4 , (iv) 4

3. (i) −1/3 ≤ x ≤ 1 (ii) {1, −1} (iii) 1 ≤ x < 4

(iv) [−(1 + √2), (√2, −1)] (v) x ∈ (−1/2,1/2), x ≠ 0 (vi) ⁡(3/2,2]
π
(vii) ⁡{7/3,25/9} (viii) ⁡(−2,2) − {−1,0,1} (ix) ⁡ {x ∣ x = 2nπ + 6 , n ∈ I}

4. (a), (b), (c) and (d) all are identical.

5. (i) D: x ∈ R⁡R: [π/4, π)
π π π 2π π
(ii) D: x ∈ (nπ, nπ + 2 ) − {x ∣ x = nπ + 4 } ⁡n ∈ I; ⁡R: [ 3 , ] − [2]
3
π π π
(iii) D: x ∈ R⁡R: [0, 2 ) (iv) D: x ∈ R⁡R: (− 2 , 4 ]
π 1
6. 53 8. π/2 11. π 12. (a) 3 ; (b) 2 tan−1 ⁡ x
11 1±√17
16. k= 17. (a) (−∞, sec⁡ 2) ∪ [1, ∞) 18.
4 2

19. X = Y = √3 − a2
21. (a) (cot⁡ 2, ∞) ∪ (−∞, cot⁡ 3)
√2
(b) ( 2 , 1]
√2 √2
(c) ( 2 , 1) ∪ (−1, − )
2

APNI KAKSHA 21
(MATHEMATICS) Inverse Trigonometric Functions
EXERCISE–II
9π 9
1. −π⁡ 2. 6cos −1 ⁡ x − , so a = 6, b = − 2
2
2n+5 π π π
3. (a) arccot⁡ [ ], (b) 4 , (c) arctan⁡(x + n) − arctan⁡ x, (d) 2 , (e) 6
n

1 3 1 1 √3
4. (a) x = 2 √7; (b) x = 3; (c) x = 0, 2 , − 2 (d) [ 2 , 1]

4 1 a−b
(e) x = 3 ; (f) x = 2 , y = 1; (g) x = 1+ab (h) x = 2 − √3 or √3
π2 π2
5. K = 2; cos , 1⁡&⁡cos⁡ , −1
4 4

6. x = 1; y = 2⁡&⁡x = 2; y = 7
7. (A) P, Q, R, S;
(B) P, Q;
(C) P, R, S;
(D) P, R, S
1
8. (tan⁡ 2 , cot⁡ 1] ⁡ Q.9 C1 is a bijective function, C2 is many to many correspondence, hence it is not

a function
3π
10. ⁡k = 25 11. 12. x ∈ (−1,1)
4

13. a ∈ [−2π, π] − {0}⁡ 14. (A) −S; (B) −Q; (C) −R; (D) −P
EXERCISE–III
1. A 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. D 6. D 7. B
8. B
EXERCISE-IV
1. C 2. π 3. x ∈ {−1,0,1} 4. ⁡x = 1/3 5. B
7. D 8. A
9. (A) P; (B) Q; (C) P; (D) S
10. C 11. B 12. B 13. 3 14. BCD 15. A 16. 2

APNI KAKSHA 22