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EXPERIMENT NUMBER 03

The experiment aimed to study the Logarithmic Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD) in co-current and counter-current heat exchangers. It highlighted that counter-current flow exchangers are more efficient due to a consistent temperature difference, and explained various types of heat exchangers and their applications. The procedure involved using a simulation to observe the effects of different flow types on heat transfer efficiency.

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5 views

EXPERIMENT NUMBER 03

The experiment aimed to study the Logarithmic Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD) in co-current and counter-current heat exchangers. It highlighted that counter-current flow exchangers are more efficient due to a consistent temperature difference, and explained various types of heat exchangers and their applications. The procedure involved using a simulation to observe the effects of different flow types on heat transfer efficiency.

Uploaded by

d2023.krish.shah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EXPERIMENT NUMBER 03

Aim: To study the LMTD of cocurrent and counter current heat exchanger.

Apparatus: Desktop with basic configuration, Web browser with internet connectivity,
Heat exchanger setup

Theory:
Heat exchangers play a crucial role in transferring heat between two fluids, often found in
everyday devices like refrigerators, air conditioners, and car radiators. They are widely used in
industries, including in steam plants with condensers and boilers. Heat exchangers operate on
different principles of heat transfer and come in various designs and configurations.

Types of Heat Exchangers


Flow Arrangement:
○ Co-current (Parallel) Flow: Both hot and cold fluids flow in the same direction. The temperature
difference between them decreases along the length of the exchanger.
○ Counter-current Flow: Hot and cold fluids flow in opposite directions, maintaining a nearly
constant temperature difference throughout. This setup is preferred over co-current for better heat
transfer efficiency.
○ Crossed Flow: Fluids flow at right angles to each other, commonly seen with 90-degree angles
between the fluid paths.

Design and Construction:


○ Shell and Tube Exchangers: A series of tubes surrounded by a shell, where onefluid flows
inside the tubes, and the other flows over the tubes. This is used in high-pressure applications.
○ Plate and Frame Exchangers: Thin plates with large surface areas for heat exchange, offering
convenience and efficiency.
○ Spiral Heat Exchangers: Two parallel sheets spiral to form channels for fluid flow, often with
counter-current flow.
Logarithmic Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD)
The LMTD is the temperature difference that would produce the same heat transfer as actual
varying temperature differences. In counter-current flow, the temperature difference remains
nearly constant, resulting in higher heat transfer compared to co-current flow. Thus,
counter-current exchangers are more efficient for the same surface area.
Logarithmic mean temperature difference (LMTD) can be defined as that temperature difference
which, if constant, would give the same rate of heat transfer as actually occurs under variable
conditions of temperature difference.

Procedure:
1.​ Click on the Experiment tab SIMULATON will open the workspace
2.​ The simulation window open with the default values, you can change those values to get
3.​ your desired results.
4.​ You can choose the flow type
5.​ Click the React button to run the simulation.
6.​ Click Pause button to pause the simulation
7.​ You can save by copying the output data.
8.​ Reset simulation if required , after any value change it's set default values.
Observations:
Conclusion:
This experiment highlighted the importance of heat exchangers in various applications. We
observed that counter-current flow exchangers are more efficient than co-current ones due to a
more consistent temperature difference. The concept of Logarithmic Mean Temperature
Difference (LMTD) was key in understanding how heat transfer performance is calculated.
Overall, these insights are crucial for optimizing heat exchanger designs for better energy.

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