YO U R S U C C ESS IS O U R S U C C ESS YO U R S U C C ESS IS O U R S U C C ESS

COMPUTER
KNOWLEDGE

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English
Language
SALIENT FEATURES :
@ Chapters Based on Competitive Exams
@ Chapterwise Examples and Explanation
@ Chapterwise Practice Question Papers
@ Chapterwise Previous Year Questions (Memory Based)
@ Easy and Comprehensible Language

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New Delhi

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PREFACE
This gives us immense pleasure to present you the latest edition of this book. We thank you from
the depth of our hearts, for the love and affection given by you just from the beginning. Dear friends,
change is the law of nature. We must learn to tolerate the blows of time with patience and learn not only
to endure, but also to expect, welcome, and enjoy both the joys as well as the sorrows of life. We must do
what we can to get 'success.' We have to operate with the information and skills that are necessary for
winning.
Today’s era is governed by technology. The technology has increased the pace of changing the
world we see day by day, and so the pattern of examination and criteria of selection have also changed. As
we are aware that interview is a part of various examinations and the written/objective exams are going
to be tougher than earlier.
Every choice you make — including the thoughts you have — has consequences. When you
start choosing the right behaviour and thoughts — which will take a lot of discipline — you'll get the
right outcomes.
Be aware of the factors that influence the way you see the world, so that you can deal with them
and react against them. You are your own most important resource for making your life work. Success is
a moving target that must be tracked and continuously pursued.
In this context we have completely updated this book keeping the forthcoming examination
pattern in mind. This edition caters to need of English Language that is asked in Preliminary and Mains
stages of most of the Banking and Insurance examinations for various posts. This book is thoroughly
based on the latest pattern in which time limit is given for each section. Every chapter in this book
describes the concept with the help of various examples and at the end gives miscellaneous examples to
clear the concepts. Examples have been solved with standard as well as short methods. At the end of each
chapter, exercises have been given to master the topic by solving variety of exam oriented questions. So
we have now given a complete focus on concept building and mastering each topic through this book.
We are truly dedicated to providing you the best among the rest. This book is an initiative from
our side to make you perfect in this subject.
We will be highly gratified, if this book helps students in getting selection.
Any suggestions related to the this book shall always be welcomed and we shall endeavor to
incorporate them in our upcoming issues.

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CONTENTS
S.No. TOPICS Pg. No.

1. Introduction 7-9

2. Noun 10-16

3. Pronoun 17-22

4. Verb 23-33

5. Conjunction 34-38

6. Time and Tense 39-43

7. Rearrangement of Sentences 44-57

8. Preposition 58-67

9. Adjectives 68-75

10. Cloze Test 76-98

11. Articles 99-104

12. Adverb 105-112

13. Error Detection 113-131

14. Vocabulary 132-146

15. Reading Comprehension 147-179

16. Fill in the Blanks 180-193

17. Phrase Replacement 194-206

18. Mis-Spelt and Inappropriate Words 207-215

19. Spotting Similar and Dissimilar words 216-223

20. Passage Completion 224-242

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CHAPTER

1 introduction

Why is learning English important? How to prepare English for competitive exams?
Today, English Language has a very significant role in For doing well in the paper of English language we have
banking and other competitive exams. This is one of the most worked on all the three sections: Reading Comprehension,
important facets conducted where a candidate is judged by Vocabulary and Grammar.
committees in all possible ways to stand him/her out from Here are the tips to improve the above-mentioned sections:
the crowd.
Besides this learning English will assist you to follow and
Improving reading comprehension
achieve more career goals. These days, the job market is Remove distractions from your surroundings: The first
global— a lot of industries require employees who are expert thing towards improving your reading comprehension is to
in communicating with customers and clients across the read in a place where you’ll be able to concentrate. Remove
nation and the world as well. any kind of distraction from your environment and turn off TV,
Music, etc. to prevent unexpected distractions from appearing.
In competitive exams, English Language
Read numerous books and articles: Regular reading
includes three important sections:
enables you to understand words automatically and at a
certain speed. In order to improve fluency and comprehension
and to learn various new words and phrases read the number
of books, newspapers, etc.
Grammar Vocabulary Reading
Comprehension
Comprehensive Be with someone superior if you’re reading something
above your level: You should be with someone who can
All these three sections make the board/committee which assist you in understanding while reading tough topics or
conducts the examinations understand candidate’s capability articles; that helper may be a teacher, a friend, a parent or
of understanding, speaking, writing, analyzing, and listening whoever you're comfortable talking to and asking questions.
English Language.
Read aloud: Reading the articles aloud is a very good way
In today’s competitive era, almost all the exams have a to slow down while reading and give you more time to process
mandatory test for English Language and are conducted what you're reading, thereby improving comprehension.
in English medium as well. It is absolutely necessary for
Read the text again and again as necessary to improve
a candidate to understand English to finish his/her exam
your comprehension: Sometimes when you’re reading,
successfully. The skill to analyse very new words from both
and likely to finish a paragraph or page and realize that you
the context and structure shows the ability to make ways
don’t remember any of what you have just read. In such case
through some of the advanced writing on different topics.
go back and re-read what you’ve just read to refresh your
Why does English Language hold an memory and improve your comprehension.
important place in competitive exams? Prefer the books at or below your level: Instead of initiating
The section of English Language is given aiming with books that are very difficult, or not of your interest,
at evaluating the language skills of the candidates. read the books you’re comfortable with first and develop a
It is a way to judge the mental attention, the quick baseline of reading comprehension.
analytical power, presence of mind of the students. Improve the vocabulary: If you are unable to understand
In most of the parts of work, the variety of vocabulary what a word means, it's going to be tough to improve your
is highly required to express some of the ideas concisely reading comprehension. So in order to comprehend a passage,
and effectively. A large vocabulary correlates well with you must have a rough idea of what vocabulary has been
the capability of handling complex ideas. That is why, used in the particular passage.
English Language holds significance in competitive Try to understand the theme: To understand the central idea
exams. or theme of the article, your reading will help you improve

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your comprehension by getting you truly involved in the (C) Perceptual experiences depend on stimuli.
story. Most of the exams ask a question based on the theme (D) Some of the puzzles have confronted
or idea of the passage. epistemologists.
Go through important sections first instead of reading a Answers:
book linearly: If you are going through factual information,
such as a textbook or a newspaper, use the structure of Q.1.(B)
the piece to guide you. You must read the sections like Q.2.(C)
summaries, introductions, and conclusions first to get a
Improving Vocabulary
better sense.
Read again and again: ‘The more you read, the more you
Where it helps:
learn’ is suitable in case of improving vocabulary. Reading
Read the following passage carefully and answer the various things especially novels, literary works, magazines
given questions. and newspapers enables you to learn more words. As you read
The mind-body problem concerns the explanation of and uncover new words, derive the meaning from the context
the relationship that exists between minds, or mental of the sentence as well as from looking up the definition in
processes, and bodily states or processes. The main aim of a dictionary.
philosophers working in this area is to determine the nature Always keep a dictionary: When you find a new word,
of the mind and mental states/processes, and how—or search it in the dictionary to get both its pronunciation and
even if—minds are affected by and can affect the body. its meaning(s). If you always keep a dictionary with you,
Human perceptual experiences depend on stimuli which you will be able to check the meaning instantly and reduce
arrive at one’s various sensory organs from the external the chances of missing it.
world and these stimuli cause changes in one’s mental
Use a diary or notes: It's one of the good ideas to maintain
state, ultimately causing one to feel a sensation, which
the list of the new words you find so that you can go back
may be pleasant or unpleasant. Someone’s desire for a
to the list easily and slowly build them into your everyday
slice of pizza, for example, will tend to cause that person to
vocabulary. Keeping the notes of all your new words can
move his or her body in a specific manner and in a specific
provide a positive approach for learning even more words
direction to obtain what he or she wants. The question,
-- especially when you observe how many new words you've
then, is how it can be possible for conscious experiences
already learnt.
to arise out of a lump of grey matter endowed with
nothing but electrochemical properties. A related problem Learn a word every day: Make a rigid habit of learning
is to explain how someone’s propositional attitudes (e.g. at least one new word daily to improve the list of words.
beliefs and desires) can cause that individual’s neurons to Initially, it will not look effective but after a month or two,
fire and his muscles to contract in exactly the correct you will have a good piece of vocabulary.
manner. These comprise some of the puzzles that have Understand the root words: This is one of the most
confronted epistemologists and philosophers of mind from powerful ways to learn new words and understand the
at least the time of René Descartes. meaning of other new words based on the root. Just by seeing
Q.1. “The main aim of philosophers working in this the suffix or prefix you will be able to comprehend the word.
area is to determine the nature of the mind”. Prefer the word games: This is also one of the effective ideas
Which area is being talked about in the statement, in order to increase word power. Such games that challenge
given above? you and help you find new meanings and new words. This is
a fun tool in your quest for enhancing the vocabulary.
(A) Neurons and stimuli
Engage in conversations: Talk to other people in English
(B) Bodily and mental relationship
can help you find new words. If you are engaged in various
(C) Conscious State of mind conversation you will encounter some of the words you are
(D) Propositional attitudes. not aware of, note down the words; and simultaneously the
words you have learnt will also be used by you which makes
Q.2. Which of the following is NOT true according to you confident.
the passage.
Where it helps:
(A) The main aim of philosophers is to determine
the nature of the mind. Q.1. In the given question, choose the word most
similar in meaning to the given word and mark
(B) Conscious experiences arise out of a lump of your answer.
grey matter.
Carousal
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(A) Noisy (B) Callous Prefer the children’s books: These books are well designed
(C) Brawl (D) Calm to teach the basics of language, including fundamental words
and spellings, regular and irregular nouns and verbs, simple
Q.2. In the question given below, choose the word most usage, and sentence structure.
opposite in meaning to the given word and mark
your answer. Practice writing every day: In order to improve grammar,
writing and practicing new rules plays a vital role. To check
Wary your grammar regularly; maintain a notes of learned things,
(A) vigilant (B) careful write short stories or write letters, mails and messages to
friends or family. Pay attention to improving any problem
(C) oblivious (D) leave
areas you might have or mistakes you often repeat.
Q.1.(A) Noisy
Where it helps:
For other options –
Q.1. In the question given below, a part of the sentence
Brawl(n) – small fight is underlined. Below are given alternatives to
Callous(Adj.) – Unfeelingly. the underlined part at (A), (B) and (C) which
may improve the sentence. Choose the correct
Q.2.(C) For other options: vigilant(Adj.)- watchful
alternative. In case no improvement is needed
Improving Grammar your answer is (D).
Strengthen the knowledge of the parts of speech: It My younger sister is seeing television.
is very essential to make a correct sentence. They are
(A) looking (B) watching
nouns, adjectives, pronouns, verbs, adverbs, prepositions,
conjunctions, interjections, and sometimes articles. If you (C) observing (D) No Improvement
want to put sentences together in a proper manner, you Q.2. In the following question, find out which part of
must understand what the parts of speech are and how they a sentence has an error and mark the answer to
function in sentences. the appropriate letter (A), (B) and (C). If there
Pay attention to proper word order: Generally, almost is no error, mark your answer as (D).
every English sentence is framed following the subject– Sagar sat down opposite him (A)/ and offer (B)/
verb–object order. You might be aware of some rules like a packet of cigarettes. (C)/ No error (D)
articles come before adjectives, and adjectives come before
(A) A (B) B
the nouns they qualify. Modifiers should always be placed
as close to their nouns as possible. By learning the order of (C) C (D) D
the words and parts of speech you will be able to get the Q.1.(B) Solution: ‘Watch’ is used for Television.
mistakes done in a sentence.
Q.2.(B) Solution
Learn the rules of Verb and Tense properly: For expressing
and distinguishing the sentences in a perfect manner, you use ‘offered him’ instead of ‘offer’, sat is used in
must be aware of the rules of verbs and tenses. A slight past tense so after conjunction 'and' another verb
change in the verb or tense can highly impact the meaning should also take the same form.
you want to express. Consistency is the key to learning. If you keep practicing,
Know the rules of Punctuation: It is well known reading, and writing, your knowledge and application
that ‘Punctuation’ is an essential element of language of grammar, vocabulary as well as comprehension will
because it indicates starts, stops, pauses, and relationships. keep improving. You will become successful in obtaining
Capitalization of the first letter of every sentence, and the first new opportunities and scoring well in competitive
letter of all proper nouns (the names of people and places). examinations.

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CHAPTER

2 nOUN

##Sohan is a smart boy.

Introduction
##Mr. Siddhartha is an intelligent teacher.
Name of anything: person, animal, place, thing, idea,
action, state or quality is called Noun. ##He is a well-known doctor.
Rahul, Boy, India, Chair, Teacher, Oil, Honesty, Happiness, Some Common Nouns are:
Family, Sleep, Death, etc. People: teacher, student, man, father, baby, child, etc.
##A person is coming to us. Things: pen, pencil, book, table, computer, etc.
##Rajiv is a handsome boy. Animals: bird, dog, cat, cow, goat, wolf, tiger, etc.
##The moon shines in the evening time. Place: capital, beach, forest, city, country, state, etc.
##Honesty is the best policy. Collective Noun:
##Poverty is a curse. A collective noun represents a collection or number or
Classification of nouns: group of things or persons.
##The army is ready for retaliation.
##The class was not aware of the test.
Countable Noun Un-countable Noun ##The issue was complained by the committee.

Proper Noun Abstract Noun Some Collective nouns are:

Common Noun Material Noun Cabinet, group, company, society, troupe, corporation,
class, army, mob, gang, team, jury, family, herd, committee,
Collective Noun
audience, council, public, navy, board, etc.
A noun can broadly be classified into two categories:
List of some Collective Nouns
(1) Countable nouns are nouns that can be counted.
(group names):
Person, Box, House, Pen, Boy, etc.
� a cloud of flies � a cloud of insects
Since countable nouns can be counted, they can be both
singular and plural. � a cloud of locusts � a colony of gulls

We can say person (singular) or persons (plural), and they � a drove of cattle � a drove of horses
both make sense. � a flight of birds � a flight of doves
It is further classified into: � a flight of swallows � a flock of birds
Proper Noun: � a flock of sheep � a gaggle of geese
Proper noun is the name (used for calling) of a particular � a haul of fish � a herd of buffaloes
person, place or thing. � a group of singers � a pack of rascals
##Delhi is the capital of India. � a pack of thieves � a party of friends
##Radha is a beautiful girl. � a patrol of policemen � a regiment of soldiers
##Arjun is a clever boy. � a staff of employees � a staff of servants
Note: Proper noun always starts with a capital letter. � a staff of teachers � a team of players
Common Noun: � a tribe of natives � a troop of scouts
Common noun is not the name of a particular thing or � a troupe of artists � a troupe of dancers
class but represents one or all of the members of that class.

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� a troupe of performers � a party of friends � a string of horses � a stud of horses
� a band of musicians � a band of robbers � a swarm of ants � a swarm of bees
� a board of directors � a body of men � a swarm of insects � a swarm of locusts
� a bunch of crooks � a caravan of gypsies � a team of horses � a team of oxen
� a choir of singers � a class of pupils � a train of camels � a tribe of goats
� a class of students � a company of actors � a troop of lions � a troop of monkeys
� a company of soldiers � a zoo of wild animals � a bouquet of flowers
� a congregation of worshippers � a bunch of grapes � a clump of trees
� a crew of sailors � a crowd of spectators � a collection of coins � a deck of cards
� a crowd of people � a dynasty of kings � a set of teeth � a shelf of books
� a galaxy of stars � a gang of crooks � a string of pearls � a pack of cards
� a band of soldiers � a circle of friends � a fleet of ships � an album of photographs
� a gang of thieves � a group of people � an album of stamps � an anthology of poems
� a horde of children � a mass of people � a bundle of hay � a catalogue of goods
� a mob of hooligans � a panel of experts � a chain of mountains � a chest of drawers
� a party of visitors � an army of soldiers � a cluster of coconuts � a cluster of grapes
� a bevy of beauties � a gang of labourers � a cloud of dust � a clump of bushes
� a gang of prisoners � a gang of robbers � a clump of trees � a collection of coins
� a horde of savages � a host of angels � a collection of curiosities� a collection of stamps
� a line of kings/rulers � a mob of rioters � a column of smoke � a comb of bananas
� a group of dancers � a colony of ants � a compendium of games � a constellation of stars
� a drove of cattle � a plague of locusts � an outfit of clothes � an orchard of fruit trees
� a school of fish � a hive of bees � a pack of cards � a pack of lies
� an army of ants � a bevy of quail � a packet of cigarettes � a packet of letters
� a brood of chickens � a catch of fish � a pair of shoes � a pencil of rays
� a herd of cattle � a herd of deer � a quiver of arrows � a range of hills
� a herd of elephants � a herd of goats � a range of mountains � a ream of paper
� a herd of swine � a host of sparrows � a reel of thread � a roll of film
� a kindle of kittens � a litter of cubs � a rope of pearls � a row of houses
� a litter of piglets � a litter of kittens � a series of events � a set of clubs
� a litter of puppies � a set of tools � a sheaf of arrows
� a menagerie of wild animals � a sheaf of corn � a sheaf of grain
� a muster of peacocks � a nest of ants (2) Uncountable nouns are nouns that can’t be counted.
� a nest of mice � a nest of rabbits Water, scenery, knowledge, homework, luggage, etc.
� a pack of hounds � a pack of wolves Uncountable nouns do not have their plural form because
� a plague of insects � a plague of locusts we can’t count them.

� a pride of lions � a school of herrings It is further classified into:

� a school of porpoises � a school of whales Material Noun:

� a shoal of fish A material noun is the name of material, substance or

ingredient of which is used to prepare something.
� a skein of wild geese in flight
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##The bangles are made of gold. 4. If a singular noun ends in ‑y and the letter before the
##A cow gives us milk. -y is a consonant, change the ending to ‑ies to make the
noun plural.
##Give me a piece of wood.
city – cities
Some material nouns are:
puppy – puppies
Iron, Steel, Copper, Gold, Coal, Silver, Milk, Water, Sugar,
Wheat, etc. 5. If the noun ends with ‑f or ‑fe, the f is changed to ‑ve
before adding the -s to form the plural .
Abstract Noun:
wife – wives
An Abstract Noun is usually the name of a quality, action,
state or concept and it is generally defined as the noun wolf – wolves
which can’t be seen or touched but felt. Exceptions:
##Honesty is the best policy. roof – roofs
##We want the days of childhood back. belief – beliefs
##The soldiers’ bravery is highly appreciated. chef – chefs
Some abstract nouns are: chief – chiefs
Quality- heroism, stupidity, darkness, kindness, goodness, 6. If the singular noun ends in -y and the letter before the
brightness, honesty, beauty, bravery, wisdom, etc. -y is a vowel, simply add an -s to make it plural.
State- Poverty, slavery, sickness, sleep Childhood, boyhood, ray – rays
youth, death, etc. boy – boys
Action- Judgement, movement, laughter, hatred, theft, etc. 7. If the singular noun ends in ‑o, add ‑es to make it plural.
Noun and Number potato – potatoes
There are two numbers in Noun-Number: Singular and Plural. tomato – tomatoes
1. Singular: When we speak about one person and one thing, Exceptions:
we use the noun in singular form.
photo – photos
2. Plural: When we speak about more than one person and
piano – pianos
one thing, we use the noun in plural form.
halo – halos
List of some regular words.
volcano - volcanos
1. In some cases, singular nouns ending in -s or -z, require
that you double the -s or -z prior to adding the -es for 8. Some nouns don’t change at all when they’re pluralized.
pluralization. sheep – sheep
fez – fezzes series – series
gas –gasses species – species
2. If the singular noun ends in ‑s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, or -z, deer –deer
add ‑es to the end to make it plural.
List of some irregular singular-plural form.
truss – trusses
bus – buses Singular Plural
louse lice
marsh – marshes mouse mice
lunch – lunches die dice
tax – taxes ox oxen
child children
blitz – blitzes
person people
3. To make regular nouns plural, add ‑s to the end. focus foci (also focuses)
cat – cats radius radii (also radiuses)
fungus fungi
house – houses
nucleus nuclei
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cactus cacti @ My friend has purchased two pair of sandals.
alumnus alumni @ I have pairs of shoes.
axis axes
@ Hundreds of persons are watching the match.
analysis analyses
crisis crises Rule: A plural noun is used after One of, Neither of, Either
thesis theses of, and Each of.
phenomenon phenomena @ One of my best friends is a doctor.
criterion criteria @ Either of my friends is coming.
Imporatnt Rules of Noun: Rule: Some nouns look plural but have singular meaning. A
Rule: Some nouns are always written in plural form and singular verb is used with them.
don’t have singular form. Summons, News, Politics, Physics, Economics, Mechanics,
A plural verb is used with these nouns. Mathematics, Ethics, Rickets, Billiards, Draughts, Innings, etc.
Goggles, Belongings, Breeches, Braces, Binoculars, Dregs, @ We all have good news.
Entrails, Embers, Fireworks, Lees, Odds, Scissors, Gentry, @ Economics is his favorite subject.
Trousers, Pants, Clippers, Shambles, Bellows, Gallows,
@ It was really a good innings by Australia.
Fangs, Eyeglasses, Tidings, Proceedings, Riches, Bowels,
Remains, Shears, Spectacles, Surroundings, Tactics, Tongs, Rule: Some nouns look singular but have plural meaning. A
Vegetables, Valuables, etc. plural verb is used with them.
@ These belongings are mine. Infantry, Children, Cattle, Cavalry, Poultry, Peasantry,
Gentry, Police, Clergy, Etc.
@ Where are my goggles?
@ Children are dancing on the floor.
Rule: Some nouns are always written and used in singular
form. They are generally uncountable nouns. @ People are not allowed to enter the ground.
Articles A/An are not used with these nouns. @ Police are coming soon.
Money, Language, Business, Mischief, Knowledge, Bread, Rules for using Apostrophe‘s’ (’s)
Stationery, Crockery, Baggage, Postage, Wastage, Jewellery, For all singular nouns add apostrophe “s” at the end.
Breakage, Machinery, Work, Wood, Dust, Traffic, Electricity,
@ Radha’s book
Scenery, Poetry, Furniture, Advice, Information, Luggage,
Hair, etc. @ Kavita’s pet
@ My teacher gave me information. @ Cat’s home
@ Rahul sent his furniture by Truck. For plural nouns add apostrophe ‘s’ at the end.
@ Kavita has good knowledge of Mathematics. @ Children’s school
Rule: Some nouns have the same form in singular as well @ People’s vote
as in plural form. For plural nouns which end with ‘s’ add apostrophe
Trout, Deer, Aircraft, Counsel, Swine, Vermin, Species, after‘s’.
Sheep, Fish, Crew, Family, Team, Carp, Pike, etc. @ Girls’ hostel
@ A deer is grazing in the field. @ Students’ mess
Deer are grazing in the field. @ Kids’ school
@ A sheep is there. For joint possession add apostrophe‘s’ at the end of the
I have many sheep. last word.
Rule: Some nouns like Hundred, Pair, Stone, Dozen, @ Shyam and Radha’s house.
Thousand, Million, Billion, Gross, Score, etc. are used in @ Teacher and Student’s relation.
singular with numerical adjectives and without numerical
adjective they can be written in plural form, if required. For individual possession over different objects add
apostrophe‘s’ with all the words.
@ My father bought four dozen apples for me.
@ Shyam’s and Radha’s houses.
@ Her sister got five hundred rupees.
@ Teacher’s and Student’s lives.
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exercise
Q.1-40. In each of the following questions, read each the petitioners, led by historian, (3)/ have questioned
sentence and find out whether there is an error the motivation for the police raids on the residences
in it. The error, if any will be one of the parts of of these activists and a few others in a coordinated
the sentence which are marked as 1, 2, 3 and 4. If operation across several States.(4)/No error(5)
there is no error, the answer will be (5) i.e. No error. Q.12. I have my own standards for what (1)/ I want in my
Q.1. Men after men are earning (1)/an honest buck in country and how (2)/ I want to be treated and i bring
mines for (2) the wages, who are migrated (3)/from a lot to the table for my country’s development (3)/
their villages in the search of employment. (4)/ No and loyal is the key to it. (4)/No error (5)
error (5) Q.13. The rising angry mob violence, the political class and
Q.2. A pair of oxes are used (1)/to pull extremely large bureaucracy (1)/continued to remain a silent spectator
(2)/and heavy projects and (3)/ it is also used for and the human rights observers,(2)/ feel political class
ploughing the fields. (4)/No error (5) is behind the rise in mob lynching since most of the
Q.3. The peasantries takes shape as a (1)/ distinct social people(3)/ who are ruling the country retained or
class as the (2)/ primitive communal system which captured the power through political system which
was (3)/ dependent on the ruling class of feudal lords. is aggressive and violent. (4)/ No error (5)
(4) / No error (5) Q.14. Four of the five judges on a Constitution Bench
Q.4. Indian armed forces are the military (1)/ forces ruled that the law enabling the implementation of
of the Republic of India (2)/ consisting of three the programme does not (1)/ violate the right to
professional uniformed service (3)/the Indian Army, privacy of citizens; instead, the project (2)/ empowers
Indian Navy and Indian Air Force.(4)/ No error (5) marginalized sections and procures dignity for them(3)/
along with service, benefits and subsidies by leveraging
Q.5. The doctor advised me (1)/ to have healthy diet and the power of technology. (4)/ No error (5)
(2)/ I am a vegetarian and thankfully (3)/I love fruits
and vegetables. (4)/ No Error (5) Q.15. Number of books is placed in the (1)/ library for
different subjects as (2)/ intellectual objects that
Q.6. It is a pity that even (1)/ 6 years old boys are engaged consist of drawings, (3)/ engravings or such things
in (2)/ hazardous factories to (3)/ earn livelihood as crossword puzzles. (4)/ No error (5)
for their family even after many restrictions.(4)/ No
error (5) Q.16. Whenever you buy articles, the (1)/shopkeeper
weighs it, that’s how (2)/ we use the metric system
Q.7. The government is launching (1)/many schemes for (3)/ of weighing articles. (4)/ No error (5)
the poors (2)/to cope with poverty and illiteracy (3)/to
move towards developed nation. (4)/No error (5) Q.17. A unique identity number, that could be availed on
(1)/ a voluntary base and was conceived to eliminate
Q.8. I have baked countless (1)/ loaves of breads as a (2)/ the rampant (2)/ fraud in the distribution of benefits,
baker and saved the world from hunger (3)/ during had threatened to morph — with the Centre’s (3)/
the floods. (4)/No error (5) tacit acceptance — into things that was mandatory
Q.9. A failure in either of the two States in Central India for various aspects of life.(4)/ No error (5)
on account (1)/of a divided opposition will make Q.18. These persons will have many levels of appeal
the party (2)/efforts to put together a broad-based as next resort (1)/ but India needs to officially
front against the rival (3)/that much more difficult. give the assurance that it will not (2)/ condemn
(4)/ No error (5) undocumented immigrants, who lack wherewithals
Q.10. A day before the killing of the BSF jawan, (1)/a (3)/ & are the most unfortunate victims of poverty
statement by the Defence Minister that the Indian and South Asia’s complicated history, to their own
Army (2)/ is “also cutting heads, (3)/but not devices. (4)/ No error (5)
displaying them” only highlights the needs to stop Q.19. It’s high time we adopted ‘jobs, education, health,
the retaliatory cycle. (4)/ No error (5) (1)/ security’ as a mantra for independent (2)/ that can
Q.11. The story so far has thrown up a legal tussle between empower and is personally meaningful (3)/ to India’s
the Centre contention that it is probing a terrorist burgeoning young population. (4)/No error (5)
conspiracy (1)/ involving Maoist insurgents and their Q.20. The boy lives in the boarding where lodgers rent one or
urban supporters and the counter-argument that (2)/ this more (1)/ rooms for one or more nights, and sometimes
is a thinly disguised crackdown on political dissent, for extended (2)/ periods of weeks, months, and years

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and the common parts of the (3)/ house are maintained, lake; but the building(3)/ to have much architectural
and some services, such as laundry and cleaning, may merit apart from its ornamentation.(4)/No error (5)
be supplied. (4)/ No error (5) Q.30. The Sensex and the Nifty were down 279 and 91
Q.21. There is little doubt that provocations from Pakistan, points, respectively, (1)/at the end of trading after a
and the (1)/ serious of the attacks launched by groups significant recovering, (2)/but the day-end figures
based there (2)/ warrant a firm signal from India but failed to capture (3)/ the panic that struck investors
a credible position also (3)/ requires consistency, during the day. (4)/ No Error (5)
which the government has not brought to bear on Q.31. As things stand, great transparency is the only way to
its Pakistan policy thus far. (4)/ No error (5) clear the air (1)/ and the decision to reject the formation
Q.22. Allowing private players to use Aadhaar will lead (2)/ of a Joint Parliamentary Committee(3)/ to examine
to profiling, (1)/ which could be used to ascertain the deal should be reconsidered. (4)/No error (5)
the political views of citizens, the judge, (2)/ who Q.32. Private briefings to Opposition leaders and the enclosure
pronounced his separate verdict, said. (3)/the Justice also (1)/ of all information that doesn’t jeopardize (2)/
held that deny of social welfare measures was violation national security or impact the aircrafts’ (3)/ operational
of fundamental rights of citizens. (4)/ No error (5) capability are good starting points. (4)/ No error (5)
Q.23. Justice said it was now impossible to live in India Q.33. The trainer asked everyone to drink (1)/ spoonsful of
(1)/ without Aadhaar but it was violative to Article honey to a (2)/ glass of water that will not only (3)/make
14 (2)/ and if Aadhaar is seeded with every database, us healthy but also energetic whole day (4)/ No error (5)
(3)/ there is chance of infringing of the right to
privacy, he said. (4)/No error (5) Q.34. The book’s cover is used as a promotional (1)/ feature
in the launch of the book (2)/ which is the is first
Q.24. The protocol included provisions to adopt "Optimal edition of the author and it is announced (3)/ that the
Pricing of Spectrum" to (1)/ ensure sustainable and book is for astrologers and surveyors. (4)/No error (5)
affordable access to digital communication,(2)/ high
spectrum price and related charge have been main (3)/ Q.35. I met with an accident last night (1)/ I lost my senses
concern of telecom services segment, which is reeling but there were many evidences(2)/ who were present
under a debt of around Rs7.8 trillion. (4)/ No error (5) there and some of them (3)/ are prime witness of the
mishappening. (4)/No error (5)
Q.25. A sharp raise in retail prices of petrol and diesel
(1)/ in the last five months has exposed the political Q.36. It was a two-hundred-pages diary (1)/which I read
(2)/ vulnerability of the Party (3)/ that leads the and got to know about (2)/ the ups and downs in that
government at the Centre. (4)/ No error (5) mysterious man’s life,(3)/ how a company owner
went to the mental asylum.(4)/No error (5)
Q.26. Alm involves giving to others as an act of virtue,
(1)/ either materially or in the sense of providing Q.37. The manager first clarified what the agendum (1)/
capabilities (2)/ (e.g. education) free which exists for the meeting would be before (2)/ the CEO rose to
in a number of religions and (3)/ regions and the speak and it should be at the (3)/ priority to remove the
concept of charitable giving is generally divided barriers for free trade in the country. (4)/No error (5)
into voluntary giving (4)/No error (5) Q.38. The Himalayas’s snow cap is melting which (1)/
Q.27. There was such acrimony between Egypt and Israel (1)/ separates the plain of the Indian sub-continent from
heading into the talks at Camp that Carter reportedly the Tibetan plateau (2)/ and it is distinct from the
had to speak (2)/ with each of the leaders separately other great ranges of (3)/Central Asia which includes
in their respective cabins (3)/at Camp on several over fifty mountains. (4)/No error (5)
occasions to reach consensus. (4)/ No error (5) Q.39. This could in principle be dealt with a golden
Q.28. With the civil aviation minister flagging off his handshake (1)/, however the insuring that the
new airlines, (1)/ he was making a comeback to the government sector jobs offer (2)/is often a key
aviation circuit as the chief executive of Zoom Air, attractive feature of these jobs (3)/, given the lack of
Dhar had been (2)/ at the helm of an airline thrice significant upside financial rewards. (4)/No error.(5)
before — one was (3)/shut down, another sold, and Q.40. The requirements of worker safety and provision
the third failed to take off. (4)/No error (5) of safety gear for rare instances (1)/ when human
Q.29. The Golden Temple of Amritsar is so called on intervening is unavoidable, are often ignored (2)/and
account of its copper dome, (1)/covered with gold mere assertions by the Centre that (3)/it is pressing
foil, which shines brilliantly in the rays of the State governments to prosecute violators, therefore,
sun,(2)/ and is reflected back from the water of the ring hollow. (4)/ No error (5)
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explanation
Q.1.(1) Man after man is used (When there is Noun+ Q.22.(4) ‘Deny’ is a verb here and we should use noun
Preposition + Noun, Noun should be singular). ‘denial’ (the action of denying something) of
Q.2.(1) Pair of oxen should be used (Plural of ox is oxen). social welfare measures.
Q.3.(1) Peasantry (plural noun) should be used with plural Q.23.(4) Infringement (noun-the action undermining
verb (take). something) should be there in place of
Q.4.(3) ‘services’ should be used as it is talking about infringing(verb).
three types of services. Q.24.(3) ‘Charges’ should replace ‘charge’ as ‘charges’ for
Q.5.(4) Fruit should be used because here the usage of more than one service is given.
fruits is not correct. Q.25.(1) ‘Rise’ (noun) should replace ‘raise’(verb) as
Usually fruit is an uncountable noun. You can adjective qualifies a noun.
count fruit by saying 1 piece of fruit, 2 pieces of Q.26.(1) (Alms) should be used here as it is a singular
fruit, or a bowl of fruit. Use fruit when you are (noun) generally used in the plural form.
talking about the entire group in general. Q.27.(4) ‘Occasions’ (plural noun) should be used here as
Q.6.(2) ‘Years’ should be replaced by year as ‘Six year ‘several’ is given.
old’ is used as an adjective. Q.28.(1) Airline (an organization providing a regular public
Q.7.(2) Poors should not be used, the poor (plural) service of air transport on one or more routes)
represents the whole community. should be used here as the name of the specific
Q.8.(2) ‘Loaves of bread’ should replace ‘loaves of breads’ airline is given.
as ‘loaves of bread’ is already plural. Q.29.(3) ‘Waters’ should be used as ‘water’ is uncountable
Q.9.(2) Party’s efforts should be used as it is talking about noun and waters is used as specific body of water.
the efforts made by the party. Q.30.(2) ‘Recovering’ verb is used here but instead of that
Q.10.(4) ‘Need’ (singular) should replace ‘needs’ as ‘there ‘significant recovery (noun)’ should be used as it
is a need (necessity) to stop the retaliatory cycle’. is talking about an event.
Q.11.(1) ‘Centre’s contention’ should be used as we are Q.31.(1) ‘greater’ should be used in place of ‘great’ as
talking about the disagreement of the central we are emphasizing on the need of transparency
government in particular. which needs to be increased.
Q.12.(4) ‘Loyalty should replace ‘loyal’ as loyalty means Q.32.(1) Enclosure is not correct in context with the
‘the quality of being loyal’. sentence, it should be disclosure i.e. to reveal
something.
Q.13.(1) ‘angry’ should be removed as mob itself defines
angry group of people. Q.33.(2) ‘Spoonsful’ should be replaced by ‘spoonfuls’
(plural noun).
Q.14.(4) According to the law of parallelism ‘services’
should be used. Q.34.(1) It should be cover of the book as only living things
can be used with apostrophe like table of the leg
Q.15.(1) It should be ‘a number of books are placed’
is correct but table’s leg is wrong.
because a plural subject takes a plural verb.
Q.35.(4) ‘Witnesses’ should be used as evidence refers to
Q.16.(1) ‘Buy an article’ should be used as a singular
non-living things (paper, document) and witness
subject takes a singular verb.
refers to living beings or an individual.
Q.17.(4) Instead of ‘things’ there should be ‘a thing’ as in
Q.36.(1) ‘It was a two hundred page diary’ is correct as noun
the sentence ‘was’ is given.
indicating numerals must be used in singular form.
Q.18.(3) ‘Wherewithal’ is an example of a noun which can
Q.37.(1) As ‘Agenda’ expresses a list of items to be
be used either as a singular or plural noun.
discussed at a formal meeting so, collectively we
Q.19.(2) ‘Independence’ should replace ‘Independent’ (the should use the word 'agenda'.
fact of being independent) as a noun is required
Q.38.(1) The words which end with s sound or hiss sound
here.
they take only apostrophe without ‘s’ so it will be
Q.20.(1) It should be ‘boarding house’ (compound noun) (The Himalayas’).
which means ‘a private house providing food and
Q.39.(2) ‘Insurance’ (noun) should replace ‘insuring’ as
lodging for paying guests’.
we are talking of the surety that insurance offers.
Q.21.(2) ‘Serious’ should be replaced by ‘seriousness’ (the
Q.40.(2) ‘Intervention’ (noun) should replace ‘intervening’
quality of being serious) which is used for the
(verb) to make it correct.
attacks.
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CHAPTER

3 pRONOUN

Introduction Nominative Objective

Possessive Case
‘Pronouns’ are used in place of a noun that has already been Number Poss. Poss.
Case Case
mentioned in the sentence or that is already known, often Adj. Pro.
to avoid repeating the ‘noun’. His/
Him/Her/ His/
Kishor was tired so he went to bed. Singular He/She/It Her/
It Hers
Its
Radhika took the children with her.
Plural They Them Their Theirs
Teacher’s face was close to mine.
They have a pen that was stolen last week. Rules of Personal Pronouns:
Rule: When more than one Persons are used in a sentence,
Types of Pronoun the order should be:
1. Personal Pronoun 2. Possessive Pronoun
3. Demonstrative Pronoun 4. Distributive Pronoun When all Personal Pronouns are singular : 231
5. Indefinite Pronoun 6. Reciprocal Pronoun When all Personal Pronouns are plural : 123
7. Reflexive Pronoun 8. Emphatic Pronoun If the sentence refers about accepting 123
9. Interrogative Pronoun 10. Relative Pronoun error or mistake or guilt feeling
Personal Pronoun
A personal pronoun is a pronoun that is associated primarily He and I are going to see the magic Both pronouns
with a particular person, in the grammatical sense. show. are singular
Personal pronouns are divided into two groups: You and he have worked hard for Both pronouns
Subjective A pronoun which acts as the subject in our family. are singular
Pronoun: the sentence (he, she, it, I, we, you, they) I, you and he will have to apologize. Sense of guilt
Objective A pronoun which acts as the object in the
Pronoun: sentence (him, her, it, me, us, you, them) We and They are responsible for Both pronouns
failure are plural
Persons Singular Number Plural Number Rule: The pronoun is used in the subjective case when it is
First Person I We placed after the verb ‘to be’ (is, am, are, was, were) and the
Second Person You You verb ‘to be’ comes after the subject.
Third Person He, She, It They
It is he.
Possessive Case It is I.
Nominative Objective
Number Poss. That is she.
Case Case Poss. Pro.
Adj. It was she there.
Singular I Me My Mine
If he were she, he would have been very successful.
Plural We Us Our Ours
Rule: In comparative sentences after ‘as’ or ‘than’, pronoun
Possessive Case case should be subjective or objective depends on whether
Nominative Objective
Number Poss. Poss. the comparison is between the subjects or objects.
Case Case
Adj. Pro. She is more intelligent than he. (He is)
Singular You You Your Yours
She is taller than I. (I am)
Plural You You Your Yours
You are as honest as she. (She is).

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He praises me as much as her. (He praises her) anybody everybody nobody somebody
You love me more than she. (She loves me) anyone everyone no one someone
Rule: If two nouns are joined with ‘as well as’ ‘in addition
anything everything nothing something
to’ ‘besides’ ‘and not’ ‘like’ ‘unlike’ etc. the pronoun is used
as per the first subject. Indefinite pronouns are used to refer to people or things
without saying exactly who or what they are.
His friends as well as I are now completing their work.
@ Is there anything to eat?
She in addition to her brothers is doing her work.
The girl with her parents is trying hard to finish her task. @ Did you meet anyone last night?

The first chapter along with the last ones is correct in @ Is everyone here?
its format. @ Have you looked at anything?
Possessive Pronoun: Reciprocal Pronoun:
Possessive pronouns are the words that demonstrate owner- There are only two reciprocal pronouns.
ship. These are mine, ours, its, his, hers, theirs, and yours. If @ Each other
the book belongs to me, then it is mine. If the book belongs
to her, then it is hers. @ One another
@ The books are yours and mine. To refer to two people, we should use “each other.”
@ The car is theirs and its paint is fading. To refer to more than two people, we should use “one another.”
@ The money was really theirs for the taking. @ Govind and Rajiv hate each other.
@ Their mother gets along well with yours. @ The ten thieves were all blaming one another.
Demonstrative Pronouns: @ They can’t see each other.
A demonstrative pronoun represents a thing or things: @ The robbers were fighting one another.
Near Far Reflexive Pronoun:
Singular this that A reflexive pronoun is a pronoun ending in self or selves that
Plural these those is used as an object to refer to a previously named noun or
@ This sweet tastes good. pronoun in a sentence.
@ Have you seen this movie? Reflexive pronouns usually follow verbs or prepositions.
@ These are my choices. The reflexive pronouns are:
@ Did he like those boys? Singular: myself - yourself - himself - herself - itself
Distributive Pronoun: Plural: ourselves - yourselves - themselves
Distributive pronoun is used in order to refer to persons or
things one at a time. They are always singular – When the subject and the object refer to the same person
or thing.
Either means the one or the other of the two.
Neither is the negative of either. He accidentally cut himself while he was chopping the
vegetables.
@ Each of the wrestlers is strong.
She bought a present for herself.
@ Either of the boys behaves badly.
We helped ourselves to the free drinks at the launch party.
@ Neither of the students was late.
They injured themselves during the rugby match.
The pronoun each is used at three positions:
@ Each of the candidates received a prize. We can use a reflexive pronoun as a direct object with most
transitive verbs, but these are the most common:
@ These girls each received a prize.
@ These boys received ten rupees each. amuse avail cut dry enjoy help
Indefinite Pronoun: hurt introduce kill prepare satisfy teach
The indefinite pronouns are: pride cheat resign apply acquit assert

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@ Did you hurt yourself when you fell? o You should think whom to invite.
@ We blamed ourselves for the mistake. o Whom do you think smart?
@ We enjoyed ourselves there. What – It is used to ask questions about people or objects.
o What do you bring for lunch?
@ The new teacher introduced himself to the class.
o I think what we’re doing is not correct.
@ He presented himself before the king.
o What is your friend’s name?
Some below given verbs are used intransitively hence Which – It is used to ask questions about people or objects.
reflexive pronoun is not used: (In case of limited choices)
adapt complain concentrate stay o Which color do you prefer?
hide lie down meet move o Which of these options is your choice?
shave bathe make relax o They asked which food to take.
Whose – it is used to ask questions about people, animals
remember shower stop gather
or objects, it is always related to possession.
You stayed yourself away from my class. (Incorrect) o Whose pen is this?
You stayed away from my class. (Correct) o They wonder whose dog is barking so loudly.
We qualified ourselves in the test. (Incorrect) o Whose selection is possible this year?
We qualified in the test. (Correct) Relative Pronoun:
Relative pronouns are used to introduce relative clauses.
She kept herself away from the shower there. Some common relative pronouns are who, whom, whose,
(Incorrect) which, that.
She kept away from the shower there. (Correct) We use relative pronoun considering what we are referring
Emphatic Pronoun: to and the type of relative clause.
Who
(i) Emphatic Pronoun is used to explain the action done
by the noun without anyone’s help. (i). We use ‘who’ in relative clauses to refer to people.
@ There’d be a lot of boys who don’t like going to school.
(ii) An emphatic pronoun is a personal pronoun that is
used to emphasize its referent. @ That’s the girl who doesn’t like milk.
@ There’s is the man at work, who’s one of my friends.
(iii) Emphatic Pronoun looks similar to Reflexive Pronoun.
(ii). ‘Who’ can act as the subject or the object of the
@ I myself carried his lunchbox and gave him. relative clause:
@ You yourself can write that article. @ They’re going out with a man who’s in the Navy.
@ The boy who I saw yesterday was a teacher.
@ He himself attended that lecture. (‘himself ’
emphasizes ‘he’) (iii). ‘Who’ is as the complement of a preposition:
@ It was Rahul who Vikas gave the keys to. It wasn’t
@ The building itself is very tall. (‘itself’ emphasizes
Shivam.
‘building’)
(iv). A preposition is used at the end of the relative
Interrogative Pronoun: clause, and not immediately before ‘who’:
Interrogative pronouns are used to ask questions. @ Correct: Of all my friends, Ram’s the one who I
The main interrogative pronouns are: know I can rely on.
who, whom, what, which, whose @ Incorrect: Of all my friends, Ram’s the one on who
I know I can rely.
Who – It is used to ask questions about people.
Whom
o Who was playing the match? (i). ‘Whom’ is used to refer to people when the person
o I’m discussing who will inaugurate the event. is the object of the verb.
o Who is coming to take the cloth? @ The action of those doctors whom I have consulted
has been very effective.
Whom – it is generally used to ask questions about people.
@ Kapil was a celebrated actor whom they had known
o Whom do you call at dinner? and loved.

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(ii) We put the preposition before whom. (iv). That should be used after the interrogative
@ Extra activities in schools are good for students for pronouns what, which and who.
whom these are allowed. @ What is the issue that worries you the most?
Whose @ Which is the friend that you would like to invite?
(i). ‘Whose’ is generally used as a relative pronoun to @ Who is the player that you like the most?
indicate possession by people, animals and nonliving
Some important rules of Pronouns
things.
Rule: A pronoun placed before a verb should be in the
@ I know Rahul whose father is a doctor.
nominative case
@ They have the card whose envelope is missing.
A pronoun placed after a verb should be in the
@ This is the dog whose colour is black.
objective case.
(iii).  Whose + noun is used as the complement of a
@ I am scolding him.
preposition:
@ We have seen him.
@ John, whose father used to talk to me, has won a
contest. Rule: The pronoun must be used according to
its antecedent in number, gender and person.
Which
@ The boy loves his Mother.
(i).  ‘Which’ is used in relative clauses to refer to animals
and things. @ Everyone should take one’s responsibility towards
cleanliness.
@ They need to choose the box which is mandatory to
be filled. Rule: When two or more nouns are joined by ‘and’ and
refer to the same person, Singular Pronoun should
@ They won’t have much time to prepare for the
be used for them but If they refer to different
function, which is to be held tomorrow.
persons, Plural Pronoun should be used for them.
(ii). ‘Which’ is used to introduce a relative clause when
@ The Clerk and cashier of the college told their vision
it refers to a whole sentence.
statement. (Incorrect)
@ My brother had to get up and walk all the way to the
The Clerk and cashier of the college told his vision
park, which isn’t an easy task.
statement. (Correct)
(iii). ‘Which’ can be used as the complement of a
@ The Clerk and the cashier are boasting about his rich
preposition:
father. (Incorrect)
@ I have a surprise for you at which you can’t believe.
The Clerk and the cashier are boasting about their rich
That: (We should be very careful while using ‘that’) father. (Correct)
(i). Any preposition can’t be used immediately before Rule: Objective Case of pronoun is used after Let, But/
‘that’, if it is necessary, it can be used at the end of except, Between, Prepositions and Like.
the sentence.
@ Let him open the window.
The train is well known that the passengers get in.
@ We’ve received replies from every candidate but him.  
They were not able to get the point that you were
@ They’ve received compliments from everybody
talking about.
except her.
(ii). That should be used after superlative degree and
Rule: In case of Each or Every, if two singular nouns are
other words like all, same, any, none, nothing, only,
joined by and, we should use Singular Pronoun only.
everything, little, much and no.
@ Every boy and teacher has lost his wallet.
@ You are the same guy that met me yesterday.
@ Every elephant and horse has lost its tail.  
@ This is the best game that is ever played by me.
Rule: If two singular nouns that are joined by either …
@ None that participated in the contest won the gold
or, neither … nor, or, we should use Singular
medal.
Pronoun.
(ii). After Indefinite Pronouns like everyone, everybody,
@ Either My friend or Madhav has submitted his report.  
no one, nobody both that and those should be used.
@ Neither Sita nor her friend has brought his report.
@ Everyone that participated in the competition
performed well. Rule: If a singular noun and a plural noun are joined by
or / nor then we should use Plural Pronoun.
@ Everything that was written in the exam made him
a topper. Either Ravi or his friends submitted their report.
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exercise
Q.1-19. The sentences given below, have four parts, indicated always be true (2) so we will have to look for the
by (1), (2), (3) and (4). Read each sentence to find (3) answer hidden in the universe. (4) No error (5)
out whether there is an error. If you find an error Q.11. The person whom you were recommending (1) of
in any part [(1), (2), (3) or (4)] of a sentence, then turned down the offer as he thought (2) he might
choose the corresponding option. If a sentence has get better earning prospects though (3) he was
no error, mark your answer as (5), i.e. ‘No error’. underqualified for the job in reality.(4) No error (5).
Q.1. The majority held that devotees of Lord do not Q.12. Everybody was eagerly waiting for the launch day
constitute (1) a separate religious denomination and but (1) when the book was in the hands ,it was a
(2) that the prohibition on women is not an essential sheer disappointment for the readers (2)as the book
part of Hindu religion (3) and all these years she hid was written in bad English (3) with illogical words
herself behind the religious wall. (4) No error (5) who need to be replaced.(4) No error (5)
Q.2. Unnecessary thoughts and self-doubt that keep (1) Q.13. By starving millions of girls so (1) that her brothers
you awake in the night is nothing but a figment of can eat marginally better, and by taking them out of
your (2) imagination and you must rise above (3) school (2) we have condemned each new generation
yourself to hold you in higher light and accept you (3) to a fresh cycle of malnutrition. (4)No error (5)
as you are. (4) No error (5) Q.14. The charges were a fresh blow (1) to the embattled
Q.3. The case in which the poor woman (1) poisoned her Silicon Valley entrepreneur (2) and its company, which
and her own children is being investigated (2) and we has been buffeted in recent months (3), struggling to
suspect that their death is related (3) to the pressure reach production targets. (4) No error (5)
of having to repay a huge debt. (4) No error (5) Q.15. It is not difficult to believe that a man (1) who has
Q.4. According to the complaint(1), the lift operator took lived in this city for a long time (2) / he will never
the victim to isolated places in the apartment (2), such feel at home anywhere else in the world (3) /as there
as the basement, the public washroom, terrace and is no place like home.(4) No error (5)
the gym, and killed her(3)but being a minor, it was Q.16. The dispute has gone through dark political (1) phases
admitted to a rehabilitation centre.(4) No error(5) and been more than a mere legal issue (2) and the crowd
Q.5. The Ganga is a river whose importance has (1) been who awaits the verdict (3) belongs to the sensitive
mentioned even in the Vedas that its waters will religious group of the nation. (4) No error (5)
ultimately depend on (2) the actions of millions of Q.17. The renowned Justice strikes a (1) poignant note
Indians (3) who depend on it for nutrition, electricity, what she says the (2) history owes an apology to
and spiritual fulfilment (4). No error. (5) the community (3) for the delay in providing the
Q.6. I must love my enemy and I must apply the same redress. (4) No error (5)
rules to (1) the wrongdoer whom is my enemy or a Q.18. It was a big question (1) if any of the two brothers
stranger to me (2) as I do to my wrongdoing father (2) could get his share of property (3) as the will has
or son (3) and this act necessarily includes truth and been challenged in a court of law.(4) No error (5)
fearlessness.(4) No error (5)
Q.19. Graduates have experience in the IT industry (1) are
Q.7. Our relationship is between the image (1) we have in great demand in the finance sector and this report
about someone and someone has (2) about us and had been flagged (2) more than a decade ago when
each one carries this image (3) and every one goes it said just a quarter (3) of engineers in India were
in his own direction (4). No error (5) actually employable.(4) No error (5)
Q.8. When the action is not very offensive but it cannot be Q.20-24. In the following question, two sentences divided
disregarded too, (1) it demands appropriate reaction into three parts are given. Choose the option which
(2)but if the reaction borders the extremes (3) it is contains the initials of incorrect parts.
a potential danger and finally you will get the same
Q.20. I. If crude oil prices surge (A)/ on tensions in West
which you have given. (4) No error (5)
Asia, (B)/ ours import bill could soar. (C)
Q.9. As the water level rose, a jeep came to rescue her but the
II. I was entirely aware of his capabilities (P)/ which
woman refused, (1) saying "God will save me. I have
made me do the changes (Q)/ and make them the
faith."(2) but as the water level rose further, she went up
chief manager. (R)
to the second storey and (3) a boat came to help her and
she now needs your favour. (4) No error (5) (1) C and R (2) B and Q
Q.10. Education is not about what to think but how to think (3) A and R (4) B and P
(1) because whatever our have concluded may not (5) All correct
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Q.21. I. Having walked out of (A)/ the RCEP, India should Q.23. I. It seems more a function of (A)/ foreign inflows
up it’s (B)/ efforts to strike bilateral trade deals. (C) into our capital markets (B)/ than of trade dynamics.
II. Blunting the competitiveness of Indian (P)/ (C)
exports is something which can be done (Q)/ only II. What needs to be (P)/ addressed as soon as
by the Chinese market. (R) possible (Q)/ is the sustained fall in exports. (R)
(1) C and R (2) B and Q (1) C and R (2) B and Q
(3) A and R (4) B and P (3) A and R (4) B and P
(5) All correct (5) All correct
Q.22. I. Between you and I, (A)/ you are the one with Q.24. I. My mother and myself (A)/ are very religious and
bigger (B)/ moustache and longer hair. (C) we (B)/ generally visit the temple together. (C)
II. I clearly stated that it was (P)/ only me that was at II. He advised me that one (P)/ must not reveal their
the door (Q)/ but still he did not open the door. (R) goals (Q)/ and career planning to anyone. (C)
(1) C and R (2) B and P (1) C and R (2) B and P
(3) A and Q (4) B and R (3) A and Q (4) B and R
(5) All correct (5) All correct
EXPLANATION
Q.1.(4) Few words like hide, stop, turn, rest etc. does not Q.15.(3) Exclude ‘he’ from the sentence as the pronoun
take reflexive pronoun. ‘who’ is already used for the man.
Q.2.(4) ‘accept yourself’ should be used in place of ‘accept Q.16.(3) ‘that/which’ should be used in place of ‘who’ as
you’ to get the proper meaning of the sentence. ‘crowd’ is a non-living entity.
Q.3.(2) ‘herself’ should be used in place of ‘her’ after the Q.17.(2) ‘what’ is the incorrect relative pronoun here, it
word ‘poisoned’ to get the proper meaning. should be ‘when’ to express the point of time.
Q.4.(4) ‘he/she’ should be used in place of ‘it’, according Q.18.(2) As ‘two’ is mentioned in the sentence, we should
to ‘the lift operator’ a human being. use ‘either’ in place of ‘any’.
Q.5.(1) ‘whose importance’ should be replaced with ‘the Q.19.(1) After graduates ‘who’ needs to be added, to get
importance of which because ‘whose’ is not used the proper meaning.
for non-living things.
Q.20.(1) In part C: ‘our’ should replace ‘ours’ as no
Q.6.(2) ‘who’ should be used in place of ‘whom’ as the possession has been depicted here, so objective
subjective case is required here to get the proper pronoun will be used.
meaning.
In part R: ‘him’ should replace ‘them’ as singular
Q.7.(3) ‘every’ will be used in place of ‘each’ as ‘everyone’
pronoun ‘his’ has already been used in the
expresses ‘all’.
reference of the person.
Q.8.(4) Words like the same, the few, the little, such etc. are
Q.21.(2) In part B: ‘its’ should replace ‘it’s’ as ‘it’s’ means
used with the relative pronoun ‘that’ not ‘which’.
‘it is’ whereas ‘its’ shows ‘association with a thing
Q.9.(4) It should be “she needs favour from you” previously mentioned’.
possessive pronouns are not used with words like
In part Q: ‘that’ should replace ‘which’ as
‘report, pardon, sight, favour, separation, etc.’
indefinite pronoun takes 'that' not 'which'.
Q.10.(2) ‘our’ does not have any meaning here, so it should
be changed into ‘we’. Q.22.(3) In part A: ‘me’ should replace ‘I’ as ‘I’ is a
subjective pronoun which is not the doer here.
Q.11.(1) Replace ‘whom’ with ‘who’ as the ‘subject’ is
The doer is ‘you’. So, ‘me (objective pronoun)’
required here to connect with the verb ‘turned
is correct.
down’.
In part Q: ‘I’ should replace ‘me’ as ‘it + Verb (to
Q.12.(4) ‘who’ should be replaced with ‘which’, according
be) + subjective case’ is the correct structure.
to ‘words’ a non-living entity.
Q.13.(2) It should be ‘their’ brothers not ‘her’ brothers as Q.23.(5) All correct.
a pronoun must agree with its antecedent, ‘girls’ Q.24.(3) In part A: ‘I’ should replace ‘myself’ as subjective
a plural noun here. case is required in the subject of the sentence.
Q.14.(3) ‘its company’ should be changed into ‘his In part Q: ‘one’s’ should replace ‘their’ as ‘one’
company’, according to ‘entrepreneur’. is given in the sentence.

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CHAPTER

4 VERBS

Stative Verbs:
Stative verbs describe a status of something not an action.
These are avoided to be used in continuous tense.
Stative Verbs of Perception:
Approve/Disapprove, Suppose, Suspect, Know, Believe, Understand, Recognize, Prefer and Agree/Disagree.
@ I’ve known my teacher since last year. (Correct)
I’ve been knowing my teacher since last year. (Incorrect)
@ I agree with my father. (Correct)
I am agreeing with my father. (Incorrect)

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Stative Verbs of Emotion: Auxiliary Verb is classified into two parts:
Want, Need, Desire, Wish, Love, Hate and Like, (1) Primary Auxiliary verbs
@ I love my brother. (Correct) Have Do Be
I’m loving my brother. (Incorrect) @ These are used before the main verb.
@ We need some help. (Correct) @ Their purpose is to change time or emphasis.                   
We’re needing some help. (Incorrect) @ Mr. Mathur is a very cooperative colleague.
Stative Verbs of Possession: @ He has never complained about his struggle.
@ My friend fails to pay attention.
Possess, Include, Owe, Have, Own and Belong
(2) Modal Auxiliary Verbs
@ I have my own car. (Correct)
The modal verbs are:
I’m having my own car. (Incorrect)
@ Can
@ This book includes a very important topic. (Correct)
@ Could
This book is including a very important topic. (Incorrect) @ May
Stative Verbs of Senses: @ Might
Hear, Smell, See, Feel, Appear, Seem and Resemble @ Must
@ We hear some noise around me. (Correct) @ Ought to
We’re hearing some noise around us. (Incorrect) @ Shall
@ They seemed sad last night. (Correct) @ Should
They were seeming sad last night. (Incorrect) @ Will
Auxiliary verb: @ Would
They are used with main/action verbs to express ability,
Auxiliary verbs are well known as helping verbs. They add
obligation, possibility, and so on.
functional or grammatical meaning to the clauses in which
they are used. Below is a detailed description of usage provided.

Infinitive (base) Present

Present Tense Past Tense Past Participle
form Participle
to park park, parks (-s) Parked (ed) Parking (ing) Parked (-ed)

to sing sing, sings (-s) sang singing (-ing) sung

to carry carry, carries (-ies ) Carried (-ed) carrying (ing) carried (-ied)

to write write, writes (-s) wrote writing (drop e before - ing) written

to take take, takes (-s) took taking taken

(drop e before - ing)

to be am, is (singular), are was (3rd person being (-ing) been

(plural) were

to set set, sets(-s) set setting (double T, add- ing) set

to think think, thinks (-s) thought thinking (-ing) thought

to drink drink, drinks (-s) drank drinking (-ing) drunk

to have have, has had having (drop e before-ing) had

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Modal Example Uses
Can They can control their own budgets. Ability / Possibility
We can’t fix it. Inability / Impossibility
Can I smoke here? Asking for permission
Can you help me? Request
Could Could I borrow your dictionary? Asking for permission
Could you say it again more slowly? Request
We could try to fix it ourselves. Suggestion
I think we could have another Gulf War. Future possibility
He gave up his old job so he could work for us. Ability in the past
May May I have another cup of coffee? Asking for permission
China may become a major economic power. Future possibility
Might We'd better phone tomorrow, they might be Present possibility
eating their dinner now.
They might give us a 10% discount. Future possibility
Must We must say good-bye now. Necessity / Obligation
They mustn’t disrupt the work more Prohibition
than necessary.
Ought to We ought to employ a professional writer. Saying what’s right or
correct
Shall Shall I help you with your luggage? Offer
Shall we finalise 2.30 then? Suggestion
Shall I do that or will you? Asking what to do
Should We should sort out this problem at once. Saying what’s right or correct
I think we should check everything again. Recommending action
Profits should increase next year. Uncertain prediction
Will I can’t see any taxis so I’ll walk. Instant decisions
I'll do that for you if you like. Offer
I’ll get back to you first thing on Monday. Promise
Profits will increase next year. Certain prediction
Would Would you mind if I bring a colleague with me? Asking for permission
Would you pass the salt please? Request
Would you mind waiting a moment? Request
"Would three o`clock suit you?" - "That’d be fine." Making arrangements
Would you like to play golf this Friday? Invitation
"Would you prefer tea or coffee?" Preferences
- "I’d like tea please."

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Dynamic/Action/Main Verbs: @ laugh
Main verbs or action verbs are used to express action that @ sit
an animal, a person or a thing does. In each of the following
@ rise
sentences the highlighted word is.
@ excel
@ The sun shines.
@ arrive
@ The child cries.
@ continue
@ The man shouts.
@ die
There are two types of main verbs:
@ go
Transitive and Intransitive Verbs
1. If my friend continues to be late for the office, he will
Transitive Verbs have to face the trouble. (Continues has no direct object
Transitive verbs always have a direct object: here.)
1. Rishabh irritates his father so much. 2. The bomb exploded at various places. (Here, ex-
(His father is the direct object of irritates) ploded is followed by a preposition with no direct
2. My daughter brings me lunch every day. object.)
(‘me’ is the direct object of brings). Participles
Here’s a list of some common transitive verbs: A participle is a word which is formed from a verb and it is
@ check @ get used as an Adjective.
@ wash @ finalize Present Participles
@ annoy @ lay Present participles end in -ing. Examples:
@ lend @ offer @ struggling boy
@ bring @ send @ caring mother
@ owe @ contain @ deserving candidate
@ buy @ show Some other examples:
@ take @ tell @ A laughing person is stronger than a suffer-
@ verify @ edit ing one.
@ make @ phone @ If you feed a starving child and make him
Intransitive Verbs happy, he will love you forever.
Intransitive verbs do not require any direct object. Here is a @ I found a sleeping man in my room.
list of common intransitive verbs: Past Participles
@ respond Past participles generally end with -ed, -d, -t, -en, or -n.
@ run @ broken door
@ cough @ painted house
@ swim @ destroyed road
@ emigrate Perfect Participles
@ smile
The structure of perfect participle is:
@ act
“Having” + Verb IIIrd form”
@ cry
Having taken
@ immigrate
@ Having heard the news, I suddenly informed
@ lie my father.
@ come @ Having been beaten by the teacher, he left the
@ explode school.

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Forms of Some Regular Verbs
Base Form Past Form Past s / es/ ies ‘ing’ form
Participle
Form
abash abashed abashed abashes abashing
abate abated abated abates abating
abide abode abode abides abiding
bang banged banged bangs banging
banish banished banished banishes banishing
bash bashed bashed bashes bashing

call called called calls calling

canvass canvassed canvassed canvasses canvassing
capture captured captured captures capturing
damage damaged damaged damages damaging
damp damped damped damps damping
dance danced danced dances dancing
earn earned earned earns earning
eat ate eaten eats eating
educate educated educated educates educating
face faced faced faces facing
fail failed failed fails failing
faint fainted fainted faints fainting
gag gagged gagged gags gagging
gain gained gained gains gaining
gainsay gainsaid gainsaid gainsays gainsaying
handle handled handled handles handling
hang hung hung hangs hanging
happen happened happened happens happening
illuminate illuminated illuminated illuminates illuminating
illumine illumined illumined illumines illumining
illustrate illustrated illustrated illustrates illustrating
join joined joined joins joining
jump jumped jumped jumps jumping
justify justified justified justifies justifying
keep kept kept keeps keeping

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kick kicked kicked kicks kicking

kid kidded kidded kids kidding
lade laded laden lades lading
land landed landed lands landing
last lasted lasted lasts lasting
marry married married marries marrying
mash mashed mashed mashes mashing
match matched matched matches matching
nail nailed nailed nails nailing
nap napped napped naps napping
need needed needed needs needing
obey obeyed obeyed obeys obeying
oblige obliged obliged obliges obliging
observe observed observed observes observing
part parted parted parts parting
partake partook partaken partakes partaking
participate participated participated participates participating
qualify qualified qualified qualifies qualifying
quarrel quarrelled quarrelled quarrels quarrelling
question questioned questioned questions questioning
race raced raced races racing
rain rained rained rains raining
rattle rattled rattled rattles rattling
sabotage sabotaged sabotaged sabotages sabotaging
sack sacked sacked sacks sacking
sacrifice sacrificed sacrificed sacrifices sacrificing
tee teed teed tees teeing
tell told told tells telling
tempt tempted tempted tempts tempting
undo undid undone undoes undoing
uproot uprooted uprooted uproots uprooting
upset upset upset upsets upsetting
value valued valued values valuing
vanish vanished vanished vanishes vanishing
vary varied varied varies varying

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weep wept wept weeps weeping
weigh weighed weighed weighs weighing
welcome welcomed welcomed welcomes welcoming
yawn yawned yawned yawns yawning
yell yelled yelled yells yelling
yield yielded yielded yields yielding
Gerund NOTE: The trick is in knowing whether the subject is
The verb ending in “-ing” and used as a noun is called singular or plural. The next trick is recognizing a singular
Gerund. or plural verb.

I read a book every day. Hint: Verbs do not form their plurals by adding an
‘s’ as nouns do. In order to determine which verb is
In the sentence, “read” is used as a verb. I am “doing” the singular and which one is plural, think of which verb
action “to read.” you would use with he or she and which verb you would
I like reading a book every day. use with they.
In the sentence, “reading” is used as a gerund (noun) and Example:
“like” is the verb.
talks, talk
Functions of Gerund:
Which one is the singular form? Which word would you use
Gerunds as a Subject
with he? We say, “He talks.” Therefore, talks is singular. We
@ Cooking makes my mother happy. say, “They talk.” Therefore, talk is plural.
Gerunds as a Direct Object Rule 1.
@ Rahul enjoys singing. Two singular subjects connected by or require a singular
Gerunds as an Indirect Object verb.
@ The professor made teaching a priority. Example:
Gerund as a Subject Complement My aunt or my uncle is arriving by train today.
@ It was commanding that made Kohli happy.
Rule 2.
Gerund as an Object of Preposition
Two subjects connected by either, or; neither, nor require
@ Besides singing, he likes dancing. the verb according to the second subject.
Infinitives
Example:
An infinitive is a form of verb functions as a noun, an adjec-
Neither Ajay nor Aman is available.
tive, or an adverb.
It is formed by using “to” + the verb. Either Karishma or her friends are helping today with stage
decorations.
@ He likes to run.
Rule 3.
@ I wanted to cook dinner for my parents.
When I is one of the two subjects connected by either/or or
@ The fair is the place to go.
neither/nor, put it second and follow it with the singular
@ I have some jeans to wash. verb am/or a verb that is suitable with I.
@ To complete the math problem, you divide by x. Example:
@ I bought paint to finish the picture for my mom.
Neither she nor I am going to the festival.
Subject Verb Agreement Rule 4.
Basic Rule.
When a singular subject is connected by ‘or’ or ‘nor’ to a
The basic rule states that a singular subject takes a singular plural subject, put the plural subject last and use a plural
verb, while a plural subject takes a plural verb. verb.
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Example: Example:
The serving bowl or the plates go on that shelf. The number of people we need to hire is thirteen. A number
of people have written about this subject.
Rule 5.
Rule 10.
When a singular and plural subject are connected by either/
or or neither/nor, put the plural subject last and use a When either and neither are subjects, they always take
plural verb. singular verbs.

Example: Example:
Neither Tina nor the others are available. Neither of them is available to speak right now.

Rule 6. Either of us is capable of doing the job.

Rule 11.
As a general rule, use a plural verb with two or more subjects
when they are connected by and. The words here and there have generally been labelled
as adverbs even though they indicate place. In sentences
Example: beginning with here or there, the subject follows the verb.
A car and a bike are my means of transportation.
Example:
Rule 7. There are four hurdles to jump.
Sometimes the subject is separated from the verb by words There is a high hurdle to jump.
such as along with, as well as, besides, and not. Ignore these
expressions when determining whether to use a singular or Rule 12.
plural verb. Use singular verb with sums of money or periods of time
when these are taken as/compared to a single unit/amount
Example:
The politician, along with the newsmen, is expected shortly.
Example:
Ten dollars is a high price to pay.
Excitement, as well as nervousness, is the cause of her
shaking. Five years is the maximum imprisonment for that offence.
Rule 8. Rule 13.
The pronouns each, everyone, every one, everybody, Sometimes the pronoun who, that, or which is the subject
anyone, anybody, someone, and somebody are singular of a verb in the middle of the sentence. The pronouns who,
and require singular verbs. Examples: that, and which become singular or plural according to the
noun directly before them. So, if that noun is singular, use a
Each of the girls sings well. singular verb. If it is plural, use a plural verb.
Each student was present in the class.
Example:
Rule 9. Salma is the scientist who writes the reports.
The expression the number is followed by a singular verb The word before who is scientist, which is singular.
while the expression a number is followed by a plural verb. Therefore, use the singular verb ‘writes’.

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exercise
Q.1-20. The sentences given below, have four parts, indicated Q.15. A burned paper (1)/ from the street (2)/ was picked
by (1), (2), (3) and (4). Read each sentence to find up by the child (3)/ as he was willing to make paper
out whether there is an error. If you find an error boat with it. (4)/ No error (5).
in any part [(1), (2), (3) or (4)] of a sentence, then Q.16. Your English teacher was angry (1)/ when she found
choose the corresponding option. If a sentence has that (2)/ you are not there (3)/ along with all your
no error, mark your answer as (5), i.e. ‘No error’. friends. (4)/ No error (5).
Q.1. Many a loyalist (1)/ were filled with loyalism (2)/ Q.17. Manisha would like you (1)/ to complete this project
and gallantry, they were the epitome of valour during (2)/ before you will leave for Bengaluru (3)/ in order
(3)/ the World War II. (4)/ No error (5). to work freely. (4)/ No error (5).
Q.1. There are a dozen (1)/ of Sanskrit books lying (2)/ Q.18. One of his many (1)/ good characteristics that come
in the shelf (3)/ and you can use them whenever you to my mind (2)/ was Suhan’s integrity (3)/ and the
like. (4)/ No error (5). honesty he had. (4)/ No error (5).
Q.3. The number of amendments (1)/ to the constitution Q.19. When the therapist came in (1)/ my body was stopped
of India (2)/ have been very wide (3)/ during the last aching (2)/ out of fear that I might feel more pain
fifty years of independence. (4)/ No error (5). (3)/ and end up returning home with terrible pain.
Q.4. Just to the North of India (1)/ is the Himalayas (2)/ (4)/ No error (5).
that were once unassailable (3)/ and the symbol of Q.20. A simple notion behind any common type of tourer
great strength and mettle. (4)/ No error (5). (1)/ is to see as many objects of interest (2)/ as he
Q.5. According to the sources, a young veterinary doc- possibly could (3)/ and use them for his convenience.
tor was missing (1)/ and the next day she (3)/ found (4)/ No error (5).
burnt (2)/ near a toll plaza. (4)/ No error (5). Q.21-25.In the following question, a word has been given
Q.6. I had been (1)/ to London last month (2)/ to visit and there are three ways in which the word has been
my friends (3)/ and family moreover, I also had an used, in similar or different forms. Choose which of
urgent piece of work to do. (4)/ No error (5). the sentences has/have the given word correctly used
and mark your answer accordingly.
Q.7. When Ram entered (1)/ the room, he found the (2)/
child sleeping peacefully and (3)/ the fan move Q.21. BURST
slowly. (4)/ No error (5). I. Broad beans are positively bursting with health
Q.8. It were the infants (1)/ that caused a lot of (2)/ and promise a bumper crop any minute now.
problem to their parents (3)/ during long trekking II. No sooner had the child seen his mother than
experience. (4)/ No error (5). he burst into tears.
Q.9. He will be likely (1)/ to leave for the United States III. She leaned against her mother and bursted into
(2)/ last year to visit (3)/ his brother. (4)/ No error (5). such a loud, ringing fit of laughter that even the
Q.10. The soldiers along with the lieutenant (1)/ was prim visitor could not help joining in.
court-martialled (2)/ for flouting the orders (3)/ (1) Only I (2) Only II
and for disrespecting the uniform. (4)/ No error (3) Only III (4) Both I and II
(5).
(5) All I, II and III
Q.11. The rest (1)/ of the team-members is (2)/ still work-
Q.22. FORECAST
ing on the project (3)/ but Radhika decided to quit.
(4)/ No error (5). I. Yields of up to four tonnes an acre had been
forecasted before weather broke.
Q.12. No one in this world (1)/ can be able to do work (2)/
continuously for twenty hours (3)/ so do you, said II. The announcer on the radio this morning had
Avantika. (4)/ No error (5). forecasted that the storm would last until late
this evening.
Q.13. The period of twenty-five years (1)/ have passed
(2)/ and still Anam is without a job (3)/ what do you III. The weather forecast predicts a sunny start on
think she can do now. (4)/ No error (5). Sunday but showers arriving later in the day.
Q.14. The citizens of India have a right to criticise (1)/ (1) Only I (2) Only II
but at the same time (2)/ each of them (3)/ have to (3) Only III (4) Both I and II
remember his duty also. (4)/ No error (5). (5) All I, II and III
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Q.23. DELUGE Q.29. Parliament was stalled for the 2nd consecutive (1)
I. Even a little stream can cause a deluged when day due to ruckus by the party opposition which were
it rains heavily for a long duration. demands (2)/ in Lok Sabha a debate on monetisation
and(3)/ subsequent voting.(4)/No Error(5)
II. At the back window, the oaks and the steep
brown hill looked wonderfully romantic in the Q.30. Although a huge amount of funds have been doled
deluge. out (1)/ for widen some of the major city roads,
the municipal corporation (2)/ has never made any
III. Your savings are being eroded by the deluging
efforts (3)/ to clear the encroachment on footpaths.
of bills that arrive every month.
(4)/ No error (5)
(1) Only I (2) Only II (3) Only III
Q.31. Every (1)/ insect, leaf, bird and animal (2)/ has the right
(4) Both II and III (5) All I, II and III to living (3)/ like the human beings. (4)/ No error (5)
Q.24. EBB Q.32. Computer revolution is driving (1)/ new ideas
I. He listened intently to the ebb and flow of these and changes (2)/ in compute by creating (3)/ large
sounds. volumes of data. (4)/ No error (5)
II. After frequent failures my enthusiasm was Q.33. A close look at India’s merchandise exports (1)/ show
ebbed away. that the share of European Union(2)/ has declined
III. They had been there for a while and kept on from 21.2% to 17% (3)/ during the six-year period.
swimming till the tide began to ebbed. (4)/ No error (5)
(1) Only I (2) Only II (3) Only III Q.34-40. The sentences given below, have four parts,
indicated by (1), (2), (3) and (4). Read each
(4) Both I and II (5) All I, II and III
sentence to find out whether there is an error. If
Q.25. TEETER you find an error in any part [(1), (2), (3) or (4)] of
I. She was so mad at him that she teetered after a sentence, then choose the corresponding option.
him in her high-heeled sandals. If a sentence has no error, mark your answer as
II. The aircraft continued to teeter absurdly on the (5), i.e. ‘No error’.
edge of the sky. Q.34. Most Indian states provide (1)/ unmetered farm
III. Cows wander the streets, ragged children powered (2)/ to farmers. (3)/ Often, that power is
pester dogs with sticks and tailors teeter past of low quality. (4)/ No error (5).
on bicycles balancing bolts of fabric. Q.35. The continuing impasse over Brexit (1)/ has brought
(1) Only I (2) Only II (3) Only III an entire continent (2)/ to a standstill. (3)/ It has also
(4) Both I and II (5) All I, II and III strained the very unity of the United Kingdom. (4)/
No error (5).
Q.26-33.The sentences given below, have four parts,
indicated by (1), (2), (3) and (4). Read each Q.36. To stop the mother tongue from (1)/ being used across
sentence to find out whether there is an error. If the curriculum as a (2)/ medium is like changes the (3)/
you find an error in any part [(1), (2), (3) or (4)] of architecture of the collective mind. (4)/ No error (5)
a sentence, then choose the corresponding option. Q.37. This is an opportunity to catapult (1)/ India to
If a sentence has no error, mark your answer as the next phase of (2)/ economic development and
(5), i.e. ‘No error’. creating new jobs (3)/ for hundreds of millions of
Q.26. The Commerce Ministry has launched (1)/ an online our youth. (4)/ No error (5)
certification programme to reach out (2)/ to potential Q.38. Technology start-ups, an important new engine (1)/
exporters and mentors them (3)/ through orientation, of economic growth and jobs (2)/ seems to live
counselling sessions, and individual facilitation. (4)/ under a shadow (3)/ of constant surveillance and
No error (5) deep suspicion. (4)/ No error (5)
Q.27. The government of India have drafted (1)/ a manual Q.39. Mutual trust and self-confidence (1)/ are the bedrock
for municipal solid waste management (2)/ to help of social (2)/ transactions among people (3)/ that
municipal bodies (3)/ to manage their waste (4) / No fosters economic growth. (4)/ No error (5)
error (5) Q.40. Controversies have bring out (1)/ severe churning
Q.28. With arrival of monsoon, Raipur, which has (1)/ within Supreme Court (2)/ on issues like collegium
considerably high population of snakes (2)/ has deliberations, and CJI's powers (3)/ as a master of
witnessed a spurt (3)/ in its sight in residential areas the roster in charge of setting up benches. (4)/ No
and households. (4)/ No error (5) error (5)
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EXPLANATION
Q.1.(2) Replace ‘were’ by ‘was’, because ‘many a’ takes Q.22.(3) In sentence III, forecast (n) – a calculation or
‘v1’. estimate of future events.
Q.2.(1) Replace ‘are’ by ‘is’, because ‘a dozen’ takes In sentence I and II , forecast (predict or estimate)
singular helping verb. is used as a verb and it is used in its base from
Q.3.(3) Replace ‘have’ by ‘has’, because ‘the number of’ only.
takes ‘singular helping verb’. Q.23.(2) In sentence I and II, deluge (n) – a severe flood,
Q.4.(2) Replace ‘is’ by ‘are’, because ‘Himalayas’ is the it should be ‘deluge’ as a noun is required and
range of mountain. ‘deluge’ is a noun.
Q.5.(2) Add ‘was’ after ‘she’, because a passive structure In sentence III, it should be ‘deluge’ (n) – a
is required here. great quantity of something arriving at the
Q.6.(1) Replace ‘had been’ by ‘went’, because ‘last week/ same time.
day/month/year’ shows the presence of the simple Q.24.(1) In Sentence II: ‘ebbing’ is the correct form.
past tense. In Sentence III: ‘ebb’ is the correct form, according
Q.7.(4) Replace ‘move’ by ‘moving’ as when two verbs to ‘to+v1’.
are joined using ‘and’, they are used in the same Q.25.(5) Teeter (v) – move or balance unsteadily; sway
form. back and forth.
Q.8.(1) Replace ‘were’ by ‘was’, because ‘it’ is a ‘singular
Q.26.(2) ‘mentor’ (v1) in place of ‘mentors’ as it is used
pronoun’ which takes a ‘singular verb’.
here as a verb, ‘to reach out …………….and
Q.9.(1) Replace ‘will be’ by ‘was’, because ‘last week/ mentor’.
day/month/year’ shows the presence of the simple
Q.27.(1) ‘Has’ should replace ‘have’- ‘the government’ is
past tense.
a singular noun.
Q.10.(2) Replace ‘was’by ‘were’, because ‘along-with/ together
Q.28.(4) ‘Sighting’ should replace ‘sight’- ‘sighting’ means
with’ takes the verb according to the first subject.
‘viewing’.
Q.11.(2) Replace ‘is’ by ‘are’, because team members is
the plural subject. Q.29.(2) Replace 'demands' with 'demanding', was/were
takes V (ing) form.
Q.12.(2) Replace ‘can be’ by ‘is’, because ‘able to do’ is
making the sentence superfluous, so use ‘is able Q.30.(2) ‘widening’ should replace ‘widen’ as gerund form
to do work’. is required here.
Q.13.(2) Replace ‘have’ by ‘has’, because the subject is Q.31.(3) 'live' should replace 'living', because 'to' takes 'v1'.
‘the period’, which is singular. Q.32.(3) ‘Computing’ should be used – gerund is to be used
Q.14.(4) Replace ‘have’ by ‘has’, because ‘each of’ takes after a preposition.
‘singular helping verb’. Q.33.(2) Replace show with shows. A singular verb is
Q.15.(1) Replace ‘burned’ by ‘burnt’, because a participle required here for the subject.
‘burnt’ is required to qualify a noun ‘paper’. Q.34.(2) ‘powered’ will be replaced by ‘power’, because a
Q.16.(3) Replace ‘are’ by ‘were’, because the main clause noun is required here.
is in the past tense hence ‘were’ will be correct. Q.35.(2) ‘had’ should replace ‘has’ because Brexit took
Q.17.(3) Delete ‘will’, because conditional statements are place before 2 years and still the effect is there.
not written in the future tense. Q.36.(3) ‘Changing’ should replace ‘changes’ as ‘gerund’
Q.18.(3) Replace ‘was’ by ‘is’, because the main clause is is required here.
in present tense hence ‘is’ will be correct. Q.37.(3) ‘create’ will be correct due to the rule of
Q.19.(2) Replace ‘was’ by ‘had’, because the sentence is parallelism.
in active voice, as the subject is given. Q.38.(3) ‘seem’ (plural verb) will be correct as ‘start-ups’
Q.20.(3) Replace ‘could’ by ‘can’, because the main clause is a plural noun.
is in present tense hence ‘can’ will be correct.
Q.39.(4) ‘foster’ will be correct as it is referring to ‘transactions’
Q.21.(4) In sentence I, burst means eruption. which is a plural.
In sentence III, Burst (v) – issue suddenly and Q.40.(1) Replace ‘bring out’ with ‘brought out’, because
uncontrollably. It is used only in its basic form. has/have/had take ‘v3’.

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CHAPTER

5 conjunction
A conjunction is a word that connects words or group of if ... then If that is true then what
words. happened is not surprising.
Kinds of Conjunctions :- no sooner ... than No sooner had I reached
Co-ordinating Conjunctions the corner than the bus came.
Co-ordinating conjunctions are conjunctions which connect not only ... but also She is not only clever but also
two equal parts of a sentence .The most common ones are hard-working.
and, or, but, and so these are used in the following ways. rather ... than I would rather go swimming
than go to the library.
And is used to join or add words together in a sentence.
scarcely ... when Scarcely had we left home
##They ate and drank. when it started to rain.
Or is used to show choice or possibilities in a sentence. whether ... or I am going, whether she likes
## He will be here on Monday or Tuesday. it or not.
But is used to show opposite or conflicting things in a Subordinating conjunctions
sentence.
Subordinating conjunctions connect two groups of words by
## She is small but strong. making one into a subordinating clause. The subordinating
So is used to show result in a sentence. clause acts as one huge adverb, answering the questions
“when” or “why” about the main clause, or imposing
## I was tired so I went to sleep. conditions or opposition on it.
Correlative conjunctions Here are some examples of subordinating conjunctions
Correlative conjunctions are used in pairs, in order to show changing a clause into adverbial subordinating clauses in
the relationship between the ideas expressed in different parts different ways:
of a sentence. ## I can go shopping after I finish studying for my exam.
For instance, in the following example, the expression either (when)
... or is used to indicate that the ideas expressed in the two ## Because the night was young, Gertrude decided to take
clauses represent two alternative choices of action. a walk. (why)
## You should either study harder or take a different course. ## I’ll give you a dime if you give me a dollar. (condition)
The most commonly used correlative conjunctions are both ## Although he never figured out why, Hanna winked on
... and, either ... or and neither ... nor. In the table below, her way out the door. (opposition)
each pair of correlative conjunctions is accompanied by an
Note: The subordinating conjunction does not always come
example of its use. Note in the construction if ... then, the
between the two clauses it connects. Often, it comes at the
word then can usually be omitted.
beginning of the first clause.
Correlative Conjunctions
Subordinating Conjunctions
both ... and He is both intelligent and good-
Because: As he is my friend, I will help him.
natured. As
When: We watched as the plane took off.
either ... or I will either go for a walk or read
a book. After Later in time: After the train had left, we
went home.
neither ... nor He is neither rich nor famous.
Although In spite of the fact that: Although it was after
hardly ... when He had hardly begun to work
or though midnight, we did not feel tired.
when he was interrupted.

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Before Earlier than: I arrived before the stores were open. At the time when: While it was snowing,
Because For the reason that: We had to wait, because we played cards.
we arrived early. On the other hand: He is rich, while his
While
For For, because: He is happy, for he enjoys his work. friend is poor.
If On condition that: If she is here, we will see her. Although: While I am not an expert, I will
do my best.
Lest For fear that: Work hard, lest you should fail.
Note: The use of the Subjunctive Mood in the clause with In addition, the following phrases are often used at the
lest. beginning of subordinate clauses.

On condition that: All will be well, provided In a similar way: She talks as if she knows
Provided As if
you are careful. everything.
From a past time: I have been here since the If: As long as we cooperate, we can finish
Since sun rose. the work easily.
As, because: Since you are here, you can help me. As long as
While: He has lived there as long as I have
Consequently: It was raining, so we did not known him.
So or so go out.
that Immediately when: Write to me as soon as
In order that: I am saving money so that I can As soon as
you can.
buy a bicycle.
Note:When used with the meaning in order that, so is In a similar way: It looks as though there
As though
usually followed by that in formal English. will be a storm.

## I am saving money so that I can buy a bicycle. In spite of a possibility: I am going out even
Even if
if it rains.
Suppose If: Suppose that happens, what will you do?
Because of a possibility: Take a sweater in
Than Used in comparisons: He is taller than you are. In case
case it gets cold.
Unless Except when, if not: Unless he helps us, we
Otherwise: Please be careful, or else you may
cannot succeed. Or else
have an accident.
Until or till Up to the time when: I will wait until I hear
from you. So as to In order to: I hurried so as to be on time.
Because: Whereas this is a public building, Certain words, such as after, before, since and until
it is open to everyone. may function either as prepositions or subordinate
Whereas
On the other hand: He is short, whereas conjunctions. However it should be noted that in some
you are tall. cases different words must be used as prepositions and
Whether If: I do not know whether she was invited. subordinate conjunctions, in order to express similar
meanings.
Keep Practicing & Keep Learning

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exercise
Q.1-10. Read each part of the sentence to find out if there Q.13. Preet told everybody (1)/ that either he keeps the
is any error in it. The error, if any, will be in one keys (2)/ himself or leaves them (3)/ with his wife.
part of the sentence. The number of that part (4)/ No Error (5)
is the answer. If there is no error, mark your Q.14. The PR team of an actor (1)/ told the press that he will
answer as (5). (2)/ neither come here or send (3)/ a representative
Q.1. Chasing animals is a sport (1)/ in Papua New Guinea, because he is very busy. (4)/ No Error (5)
and boys (2)/ are trained for the (3)/ hunt as sooner Q.15. She could not keep back her tears (1)/ and the chief,
as they can walk. (4)/ No Error (5) because of her pain, (2)/ seemed to be afraid lest
Q.2. Although he was bad with calligraphy, (1)/ but he people (3)/ should not doubt her truthfulness. (4)/
tried his best (2)/ to write a letter (3)/ to her on her No Error (5)
birthday. (4) / No error (5) Q.16. He actually smiled, (1)/ because it was so brief (2)/
Q.3. No sooner had the match gone into (1)/ the that she questioned whether (3)/ she had imagined
second period then the moans (2)/ were replaced it. (4)/ No Error (5)
by smiles and (3)/ later by hysterical laughter. Q.17. According to Siddhant, (1)/ Nisha and Raman were
(4)/ No Error (5) (2)/ close siblings despite of (3)/ their age difference.
Q.4. Hardly had they spoken (1)/ these words than the (4)/ No Error (5)
door (2)/ opened and Pratyush himself (3)/ stood Q.18. Pratyush was told that (1)/ his younger brother
before them. (4)/ No Error (5) neither (2)/ attends the class regularly (3)/ or learns
Q.5. No sooner is an asylum (1)/ built when it is filled his lessons. (4)/ No Error (5)
with maniacs, (2)/ suicidal melancholics, or senile Q.19. Shanu told me that, (1)/ he doesn't know (2)/ the
dements in (3)/ need of care and treatment. (4) / No difference between astronomy (3)/ as well as
Error (5) astrology. (4)/ No Error (5)
Q.6. Hardly had he done so before (1)/ then he felt the Q.20. Prashant washes either (1)/ the clothes himself (2)/
bed rocking backwards (2)/ and forwards beneath or asks Mandira (3)/ to wash them. (4)/ No error (d)
him as if it were (3)/ breathing heavily and jolting.
(4)/ No Error (5) Q.21-30. Read each part of the sentence to find out if
there is any error in it. The error, if any, will be
Q.7. Hardly the team had unpacked and (1)/ assembled in one part of the sentence. The number of that
their equipment than (2)/ the Inspector reported on part is the answer. If there is no error, mark your
the radio (3)/ that the dell was clear. (4)/ No error answer as (5).
(5)
Q.21. During the summerbreak, (1)/ Nishank had no other
Q.8. Scarcely a day goes by as (1)/ they don't see or talk business (2)/ but to play (3)/ with computers. (4)/
to each other (2)/ now even whole society has started No error (5)
(3)/ talking about them. (4)/ No Error (5)
Q.22. The war caused (1)/ not only destruction (2)/ and
Q.9. Barely had she finished (1)/ one project than (2)/ she death and also generations (3)/ of hatred between
started working (3)/ on the next. (4)/ No Error (5) the two communities.(4)/ No error (5)
Q.10. No sooner did we (1)/ hear the noise (2)/ then we Q.23. Scarcely had the police (1)/ seen the culprit (2)/
rushed (3)/ to the spot and caught the thief. (4)/ No where he started (3)/ fleeing away. (4)/ No error (5)
Error (5)
Q.24. Parag was acutely meticulous student (1)/ of our
Q.11-20 Read each part of the sentence to find out if college as he left home (2)/ two years ago and has
there is any error in it. The error, if any, will be (3)/ till become a soldier. (4)/ No error (5)
in one part of the sentence. The number of that
part is the answer. If there is no error, mark your Q.25. The board of director and Chairperson of the bank
answer as (5). (1)/ was engaged somewhere else (2)/ so I was told
to pay a visit to him (3)/ between four to five in the
Q.11. Mahesh either washes (1)/ the clothes himself (2)/ evening. (4)/ No error (5)
nor asks her to (3)/ wash them, but she never helps
him. (4) / No Error (5) Q.26. No sooner had he given his supporters (1)/ real hope
when (2)/ an adamant approach came cantering in
Q.12. Raghav may attend (1)/ the function or (2)/ his wife (3)/ behind on the bridle. (4)/ No error (5)
may attend (3)/ the function. (4)/ No Error (5)
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Q.27. Because Kushagra (1)/ is mentally strong (2)/ Q.33. They were all preaching and (1)/ telling the moral
therefore he was selected (3)/ for the Maths lessons (2)/ so he asked (3)/ that who I was. (4)/ No
olympiad. (4)/ No error (5) error (5)
Q.28. The reason his conclusion concerning your argument Q.34. Kritika likes to read a lot (1)/ hence she is interested
(1)/ seemed plausible at that time was because (2)/ (2)/ in such books (3)/ that are interesting. (4)/ No
his propositional constituents are entities (3)/ rather error (5)
than the names of those entities. (4)/ No error (5) Q.35. Ashu is quite a superstitious man (1)/ and once he
Q.29. Couple of foreigners asked (1)/ the Rickshaw said that (2)/ there’s been nothing than (3)/ trouble
puller (2)/ that which was the way (3)/ to the bada since he came. (4)/ No error (5)
Imambara. (4) / No error (5) Q.36. As per the news (1)/ not Italy not France got
Q.30. Ordinarily I assume that (1)/ things are as they look, (2)/ to the quarter finals (3)/ last year. (4)/ No
(2)/ unless it does not occur to me that my vision error (5)
(3)/ is being affected abnormally. (4)/ No error (5) Q.37. According to the Dean,(1)/ neither the teacher (2)/ or
Q.31-40. Read each part of the sentence to find out if the students (3)/ were in the classroom this morning.
there is any error in it. The error, if any, will be (4)/ No error (5)
in one part of the sentence. The number of that Q.38. Everybody was saying (1)/ that Anuj had gone for
part is the answer. If there is no error, mark your river rafting (2)/ so we are not sure (3)/ if he is
answer as (5). coming to the party (4)/ No error (5)
Q.31. Let's go to the cinema (1)/ early because we can (2)/ Q.39. The machine crushes (1)/ the cans because they (2)/
get good seats and moreover (3)/ we don’t have to can be stored until they (3)/ are recycled. (4)/ No
face the difficulty in finding them. (4)/ No error (5) error (5)
Q.32. It was such a cold afternoon (1)/ as we stopped Q.40. Manish is a skinflint and (1)/ thus he use gave him
playing (2)/ and went to our homes (3)/ and sat near (2)/ no money (3)/ nor he did help him in any way.
the fireplace. (4)/ No error (5) (4)/ No error (5)
eXPLANATION
Q.1.(4) Replace ‘as sooner as’ with ‘as soon as’. As Q.11.(3) 'Either …. or' is used to show a choice between
+ positive degree of an adj. + as is the correct two alternatives, so replace ‘nor’ with ‘or’.
structure as the conjunction 'as soon as' is used
Q.12.(1) Formula 2: ‘Either….Or’; (Two persons – one
to denote simultaneous actions i.e. two things/
action - at least one does have that quality)
actions taking place at the same time.
Q.13.(2) Replace ‘either he keeps’ with ‘he either keeps’,
Q.2.(2) Replace ‘but’ by ‘yet’, because ‘although’ takes
because of ‘law of parallelism’ which means after
‘yet’ with it.
both ‘either’ and ‘or’ similar part of speech is
Q.3.(2) 'No sooner…..than’ is correct not ‘then (at that required.
time)’ as ‘no sooner’ takes ‘than’ with it.
Q.14.(3) Replace 'or' with ‘nor’, because either…or is a
Q.4.(2) 'Hardly' is always followed by 'when', and not different pair and ‘neither …. nor’ is different.
'than'.
Q.15.(4) Remove 'not’ after ‘should’ as 'Lest...should'
Q.5.(4) Replace 'when' with 'than'. 'No sooner' is always
already conveys a negative sense.
followed by 'than'
Q.6.(2) 'Hardly' is always followed by 'when', and not by Q.16.(2) Replace 'because' with 'though'. The conjunction
‘then’. ‘because’ gives the reason while ‘though’ means
‘despite the fact that’.
Q.7.(1) Hardly takes 'inversion’ so hardly + had + 'third'
form of verb. Q.17.(3) Remove ‘of’ after ‘despite’ because despite does
not take ‘of’ with it, while ‘in spite of’ can also
Q.8.(1) ‘When’ should replace ‘as’. 'Scarcely' is always be used in its place.
followed by 'when'.
Q.18.(4) Replace 'or' after 'nor', because ‘neither…..nor’ is
Q.9.(2) Replace 'than' with 'when', because the correct
co-relative conjunction and used in pair.
pair is ‘barely….when’.
Q.10.(3) 'No sooner…..than’ is correct not ‘then (at that Q.19.(4) Replace 'as well as' with 'and', because ‘between…..
time)’ as ‘no sooner’ takes ‘than’ with it. and’ is co-relative conjunction and used in pair.

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Q.20.(1) Replace ‘washes either’ by ‘either washes’, Q.31.(2) Replace ‘because’ by ‘so that’, because ‘so that’ is
because same part of speech is required after a used as a subordinate clause to show purpose or to
conjunction. give an explanation. It is used to show an action
Q.21.(3) Replace ‘but to play’ by ‘than playing’, because, producing an intended result or a cause producing
the correct structure is no other +‘noun’….than an effect.
+‘gerund’….. Q.32.(2) Replace ‘as’ by ‘that’, because such….that… is a
Q.22.(3) Replace ‘and also’ by ‘but also’. ‘Not only………… correlative conjunction. It is used to give reason.
but also’, is a correct pair of conjunction. Q.33.(4) Delete ‘that’, because conjunction and relative
Q.23.(3) Replace ‘where’ by ‘when’. ‘Scarcely/ hardly…. pronoun can’t come simultaneously.
when’ is a correct pair of conjunction. Q.34.(4) Replace ‘that’ by ‘as’, such…as is a correlative
Q.24.(4) Replace ‘till’ by ‘since’, because ‘since’ means conjunction, which should be used here.
‘from the time in the past when’. Q.35.(3) Replace ‘than’ by ‘but’, because ‘nothing but’
Q.25.(4) Replace ‘to’ by ‘and’, because ‘between…and’ is means only.
a correct pair of conjunction. Q.36.(2) Replace ‘not Italy not France’ by ‘neither Italy
Q.26.(2) Replace ‘when’ by ‘than’, because ‘no sooner….. nor France’
than’ is a correct pair of conjunction. Q.37.(3) Replace ‘or’ by ‘nor’, because ‘neither…nor’ is a
Q.27.(3) Delete ‘therefore’, because it is superfluous here. correct pair of conjunction.

Q.28.(2) Delete ‘because’, because it is superfluous here Q.38.(4) Replace ‘if’ by ‘that’, because ‘that’ is used to
due to the presence of ‘the reason’ in the first part. introduce a subordinate clause expressing a
statement.
Q.29.(3) Delete ‘that’, because it is superfluous here.
Q.39.(2) Replace ‘because’ by ‘so that’, it is used before
Q.30.(3) Delete ‘does not occur’, because ‘not’ does not the clause which indicates the purpose.
come after ‘unless’, so the correct sentence will
be ‘unless it occurs to me’. Q.40.(4) The correct form is ‘and also he did not help him’.

Keep Practicing & Keep Learning

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CHAPTER

6 time and tense

A Tense is a form of a verb that is used to show the time of an action. For example: when an action happened.
Types of Tense
There are 3 types of tense.
1. Present Tense 2. Past Tense 3. Future Tense
Each tense is further divided into 4 sub types.
Present Tense
1. Simple Present/Present Indefinite Tense
S + V1(s, es) + O
It is used for expressing established facts and things in @ The Sun rises in the East.
general. @ Two and two make four.
It is used for habitual activities or routines. @ I wake up early in the morning at 6.
@ My boss calls me Sachin.
It is generally used with verbs of perception: sound, seem, @ The sugar tastes sweet.
appear, smell, taste, look and feel. @ The rose smells nice.
It is also preferred in newspaper headlines. @ India wins the series.
@ Iran attacks Afghanistan.
2. Present Continuous Tense
S + is/am/are + V1 + ing + O
It is used for temporary actions or events going on at the @ You are not listening to me.
time of speaking. @ She is denying being there.
It is used with adverbs of (high) frequency to express @ The new candidate is always complaining.
disproval of annoying habits. @ We're never denying the facts.
3. Present Perfect Tense
S + has/have + V3 + O
It links the recent past to the present. It explains @ We all have missed our train.
the impact of a recent activity or occurrence on pres- @ They have not created the problem for us.
ent moment.
It can be is used with already, just and yet. @ I have not completed the paper yet.
@ He has just reached the office.
It is also used to quantify something completed, or @ I have saved Rs. 20000 so far.
progress made so far. @ The engineers have finished one-third of the as-
signed task so far.
4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
S + has/have been + V1 + ing + O + since/for + time/duration.
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It is used for emphasizing activities that were in prog- @ My boss has been using a computer all day.
ress right up to or shortly before the time of speaking. @ My elder brother has been eating my sandwich-
es.
It is also used to express how long an ongoing or con- @ Rahul has been dancing for three hours.
tinuing activity has been in progress with for or since. @ Jawahar has been trying hard for a BMW since
last summer.

Past Tense
1. Simple Past/Past Indefinite Tense
S + V2 + O
It is used for activities or events completed at a specific @ The teacher declared holiday.
time in the past. @ You did not mention the reason.
It is used with adverbs of frequency to talk about re- @ He never came late to the class.
peated actions or events in the past. @ I used to complete the task before scheduled time.
It is also used to talk about past habits and routines.
2. Past Continuous Tense
S + was/were + V1 + ing + O
It is used for temporary actions or events that were @ The teacher was continuously delivering the
going on at a specific time in the past. lecture.

@ He was not discussing any hard topic.

It is also used for two activities of similar duration that @ While he was waiting for the auto-rickshaw, I was
were going on in parallel. observing him continuously.
3. Past Perfect Tense
S + had + V3 + O
It is used to talk about the activities or events completed @ They had just prepared a dinner for guests before
before relevant to subsequent activities or events re- they received the information.
ferred to in the Past Indefinite.
@ Keshaw who had climbed on the top of house, got
quite breathless."
4. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
S + had been + V1 + ing + O + since/for + time/duration.
This tense is used to express an activity that was still in @ They had not been working since morning.
progress up until or immediately prior to a particular @ The new person had been designing the pamphlets
moment in the past.   for the last two days.
It is expressed by using ‘since’ or ‘for’ with time.

Future Tense
1. Simple Future/Future Indefinite Tense
S + will/shall + V1 + O
WILL: is used to express definite action. @ The sun will rise tomorrow morning.
WILL: is used for expressing surety. @ My brother will help you, I'm sure.

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WILL: is used for informal requests, as well as orders @ Raghav, will you post this letter for me?
given to subordinates.
WILL/SHALL: is used for spontaneous plans made at the @ If she decides to purchase this car model,
time of speaking, or to agree to something. sir, we'll include this satellite navigation
system.
WILL/SHALL: is used to express promises. @ I will never let my mother down.
SHALL: It is used in more formal style to express futu- @ I shall be late this evening."
rity, especially in cases where the element of willpower is
involved. @ We shall not go that nightclub anymore;
their prices are exorbitant.
SHALL: is used while seeking permission of others.   @ Shall I buy you a watch on this birthday?

@ Shall we all go out for dinner?

2. Future Continuous Tense
S + will be/shall be + V1 + ing + O
It is used for actions or events forecast to be in progress @ The guests will be sleeping when I get
at a particular time in the future. home.
This can be used instead of the present continuous with @ They'll be leaving home after breakfast.
future expression.
3. Future Perfect Tense
S + will/shall have + V3 + O

It is used for activities or events forecast to @ The President will have arrived at the plat-
be completed by a particular time in the future. form before the train comes.
4. Future Perfect Continuous Tense
S + will/shall have been + V1 + ing + O + since/for + time/duration.

This tense is used for activities forecast still to be in @ By the end of this year, we will have been
progress at some time in the future.   working in this company for 12 years.

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exercise
Q.1-10. In the following question, a sentence with a blank (1) went down (2) had gone down
is given, choose the correct option to fill in the (3) has gone down (4) was going down
blank to complete it in a meaningful way. (5) will have gone
Q.1. When one of teachers went back to his village three Q.11-15. In the following questions, use the correct form
years ago, he found that a lot of changes ______. of verb(in form of active or passive voice) in the
(1) are taken place (2) were taken place brackets to give the sentence the proper meaning.
(3) have taken place (4) had taken place Q.11. Karan's brother(paint) the house but when we(go) to
(5) have took place their house we found that only half the gate(paint).
Q.2. Hey everyone, please, see! A cat ______ by a dog. Q.12. One of the officers(turn) round when he(feel)
(1) is chased (2) is being chased someone tapped him on the shoulder. It(be) his
(3) was being chased (4) has been chased colleague who said that he(follow) him for some
(5) had been chased distance.
Q.3. We are sorry, the hostel is not available any longer. Q.13. It(not rain) for more than a month; but the day before
It ______ to a new businessman. yesterday Mr. Rao( notice ) some rain clouds in the
(1) is sold (2) was being sold sky, and it is sure enough that it( rain ) in the last
(3) has been sold (4) will be sold two days.
(5) will sell Q.14. One of the members(drive) to home when he(realize)
Q.4. The newly appointed Chief Minister ______ to that he(not bring) the keys to his office with him.
Mathura in 1997. Q.15. The little poor boy(not eat) for almost one week; but
(1) is transferred (2) was transferred when my mother(give) him some food, he(refuse)
(3) has been transferred (4) should be transferred to take it.
(5) had transferred Q.16. Yesterday, the Sun(shine) brightly and there(be) no
Q.5. According to the new rules, passengers ______ to sign of rain. We(find) a fine day for the picnic.
smoke in public transport. Q.17. The police commissioner(hold) the robber by the
(1) are not allowed (2) was not allowed collar and(demand) to tell where he(hide) the things
(3) had not allowed (4) will not allow he(steal).
(5) were not allowing Q.18. All the party members(argue) about the issue when
Q.6. The firemen who controlled the fire informed that it their president(come) in. Eventually, only he could
is ______ under control after forty minutes. settle the issue for them.
(1) is brought (2) was brought Q.19. The wind on Christmas(blow) quite strongly; it(be)
(3) can be brought (4) has been brought evident that a high paced storm(approach), so the
(5) have been brought tourists(decide) to stay in hotels.
Q.7. The new candidates ______ to leave the building Q.20. Although the cell phone(ring) various times, no
immediately. one in the family(bother) to answer it. It(continue)
(1) orders (2) will order ringing for one hour, then suddenly(stop).
(3) have ordered (4) have been ordered Q.21-25.In the following question, a sentence with a blank
(5) would be order is given, choose the correct option to fill in the
Q.8. In future, various famous actors ______ to perform blank to complete it in a meaningful way.
at charity concerts. Q.21. The lady who came shopping ______ always ______
(1) are invited (2) were invited about the quality of products.
(3) has been invited (4) will be invited (1) is ... complained (2) was ... complaining
(5) have been invited (3) was ... being complained
Q.9. The roof of my house has been leaking for the past
(4) has ... complaining
few weeks but I do not have to worry about it any
longer. It ______ now. (5) has… complained
(1) was repaired (2) is repairing Q.22. The players ______ of the cancellation of the match.
(3) has repaired (4) is being repaired (A) were not informed (B) were not informing
(5) had been repaired (C) not informed (D) had informed
Q.10. The price of this television ______, but I doubt Q.23. When the headmaster ______ into the classroom,
whether it will remain same for some days. the students ______ an essay.

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(A) was walking; were writing (A) Were ... helping (B) Were ... helped
(B) walked; were writing (C) Did .. help (D) Have ... helped
(C) walked; wrote Q.28-34. In each of the following sentences, one of the
(D) was walking; wrote helping verbs/ main verbs is given in highlighted.
Q.24. While their parents ______ plans, the children Read the sentence carefully and decide whether the
______ eagerly. sentences is Right or Wrong.
(A) were making; were listened Q.28. In the past, disabled people are treated badly.
(B) were making, were listening ______.
(C) made; listening Q.29. The blind man was crossing the road when a car
(D) was making; listened knocked him down. ______.
Q.25. Beef ______ at a very low price at the market this Q.30. Helen Keller is a role model for people with physical
morning. impairments. ______.
(A) was being sold (B) selling Q.31. At present, the workers were repairing the broken
ramps. ______.
(C) been sold (D) will be selling
Q.32. As a wheelchair-bound student, Salina faces a lot
Q.26. The little girl ______ on a stool and ______ to reach
of difficulties when she was in university. ______.
for the cup on the table.
Q.33. It is hoped that in the future, the government do
(A) stood; tried (B) was standing; tried
something to help the disabled. ______.
(C) stood; was trying (D) stood; was tried
Q.34. Syed participated in one of the paralympic events
Q.27. ______ you ______ the blind man who was knocked
last year. ______.
down by a car.

EXPLANATION
Q.1.(4) As ‘changes’ here works as a subject, the structure Q.11. painted, went, was painted
of passive voice is not required, hence ‘had taken’
Q.12. turned, felt, was, followed
– active voice and past expression is correct.
Q.13. did not rain, noticed, rained
Q.2.(2) The phrase (please, see) expresses that the incident
is going on, so ‘present continuous- passive’ is the Q.14. drove, realized, did not bring
correct option. Q.15. did not eat, gave, refused
Q.3.(3) ‘is not available any longer’ expresses that any
Q.16. shone, was, found
incident has taken place recently, therefore ‘has
been sold’ is correct. Q.17. held, demanded, hid, stole
Q.4.(2) The chief minister is used as an object in the Q.18. were arguing, came
sentence so ‘passive voice’ is required and that
Q.19. blew, was, approached, decided
too of past tense.
Q.20. rang, bothered, continued, stopped
Q.5.(1) The sentence is expressed as an instruction/order
which should be written in Present Indefinite Q.21.(2) Q.22.(1) Q.23.(2) Q.24.(2)
passive voice sentence.
Q.25.(1) Q.26.(1) Q.27.(3)
Q.6.(2) As ‘informed’ is mentioned in the sentence, which
Q.28. The sentence is incorrect. 'were' should replace
shows that the sentence is in ‘past form’, ‘option
'are' as the sentence mentions a past activity.
2’ is the only correct option.
Q.7.(4) ‘the candidates’ here acts as an object here, in that Q.29. The sentence is correct.
case ‘passive voice’ is required, hence only option Q.30. The sentence is correct.
4 is correct.
Q.31. The sentence is incorrect. 'are' should replace
Q.8.(4) According to ‘in future’ mentioned in the sentence, 'were' as the sentence mentions a present activity.
only option 4 is correct.
Q.32. The sentence is incorrect. 'faced' should replace
Q.9.(4) ‘now’ is mentioned in the sentence means the work is 'faces' as the sentence mentions a past activity.
going on, hence option 2 is the correct answer.
Q.33. The sentence is incorrect. 'does' should replace
Q.10.() ‘will remain same’ here indicates that something 'do' as the subject is singular.
has happened recently and in that case ‘has +v3’
will be the correct structure. Q.34. The sentence is correct.

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CHAPTER
REARRANGEMENT
7
OF SENTENCES
Now a days ‘Rearrangement of sentences’ has become a 4). If a sentence initiates with a pronoun other
vital section of the paper of English Language in most of than ‘I’ and ‘You’, that sentence will not be the first
the examinations. sentence of the paragraph.
In such questions, the candidate is provided with a set of 5). The sentences starting with the words ‘That’,
five or six sentences which are in jumbled order and they are ‘These’, ‘Thus’ and ‘Those’, will not necessarily
required to be arranged properly to form a meaningful para- come first in the paragraph.
graph and answer the questions based on the new sequence. 6). Be very careful about article ‘a’, ‘an’ or ‘the’ if
Some important tips to arrange jumbled sentences: present at the starting of a sentence, the chances of
1). First of all try to infer the topic addressed in the that sentence to be the first in the arrangement are
paragraph. This can be done by attentively observing high.
the words that are repeated in the given sentences. 8). In case of the presence of conjunctions ‘But’,
2). If a specific word is repeated in more than one ‘So’ and ‘Now’. These will be arranged in the fol-
sentence, the sentences can be placed one by one in lowing order:
the paragraph respectively (as per the meaning). But>So>Now
3). If a sentence starts with a ‘Proper noun’, that 9). If a sentence starts with the words Hence, Final-
sentence will probably be the 1stsentence for the ly or Therefore, that sentence should be put at last
paragraph to be formed. in the arrangement.

Keep Practicing & Keep Learning

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exercise level - 1
Q.8. The competition is most acute in Bandipur and
EXERCISE-1
Badlapur, (A)/ and Badlapur is surrounded by 100
In each of the following questions, what will be the correct old villages (B)/ which forms the core of the elephant-
rearrangement of the parts of the sentence given below cum-tiger reserve (C)/ while Bandipur is surrounded
and in case you feel the given sequence is in its correct by 180 villages (D)
form then mark option (5) i.e no change required as your (1) BACD (2) BDCA (3) DACB
answer.
(4) ACDB (5) No change required
Q.1. The rates of death from heart disease and cancer
Q.9. Rhesus macaque, and nilgai as vermin within
(A)/ servings of whole grains appears (B)/ a diet that
specified (A)/ from Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh
includes three daily (C)/ to help people live longer,
and Bihar to declare wild boar (B)/ since 2015, the
including by reducing (D)
Union Environment Ministry has acceded to requests
(1) BACD (2) BDCA (3) CBDA (C)/ territories of these states and outside forests and
(4) DBCA (5) No change required protected areas.(D)
Q.2. Devastating than last year’s (A)/ the Himalayan region (1) CBAD (2) BDCA (3) DACB
may (B)/ be under the risk of earthquakes more (C)/ (4) DBCA (5) No change required
Nepal that killed over 8,000 people. (D) Q.10. As thousands prepared to (A)/ strikes closed the Eiffel
(1) BACD (2) BDCA (3) CBAD Tower (B)/ with the Euro 2018 games in full swing
(4) BCAD (5) No change required (C)/ march against labour reforms (D)
Q.3. The metro cities which do (A)/ there are some schools (1) BACD (2) BDCA (3) DACB
in (B)/ not try to subject the (C)/ child to too much (4) BADC (5) No change required
pressure (D) Q.11. During the hearing, the counsel said (A)/ in the
(1) BDCA (2) BACD (3) DACB case and added that the bank’s (B)/ claims were
(4) DBCA (5) No change required completely against facts (C)/ his client was not a party
or guarantor (D)
Q.4. By scrapping the five year domestic (A)/ liberalising
(1) BACD (2) ADBC (3) DACB
the right to fly abroad (B)/ real room for manoeuvre for
investors (C)/ flight operations requirement doesn’t (4) DBCA (5) No change required
create (D) Q.12. Concluded in the favour (A)/ we hope to do an
(1) BACD (2) BADC (3) DACB intensive (B)/ of both the countries (C)/ exercise so
that it can be (D)
(4) DBCA (5) No change required
(1) BACD (2) BDCA (3) BDAC
Q.5. Announcement of the start of preparatory (A)/
(4) DBCA (5) No change required
reactors does mark a significant thaw in (B)/ work in
India for six Westinghouse nuclear (C)/ civil nuclear Q.13. The coming together of these two big private players
matters after the deep freeze of many years. (D) (A)/ this will help them efficiently use the resources
(1) BACD (2) ADBC (3) DACB both capital and policy holder base (B)/ the market
share of the combined entity, for another (C)/ makes
(4) ACBD (5) No change required
enormous business sense, for one it could improve
Q.6. There are many challenges before (A)/ there is the (D)
factor of migrant labour. (B)/ the arrest shows that (1) BACD (2) BDCA (3) ADCB
(C)/ the police especially when (D)
(4) DBCA (5) No change required
(1) BACD (2) BDCA (3) CADB
Q.14. The current norms could be amended based on public
(4) DBCA (5) No change required feedback (A)/ the board of SEBI met in Mumbai and
Q.7. To relieve teachers and particularly children (A)/ from decided (B)/ for portfolio managers and REITs so that
facing undue stress and strain (B)/ the continuous (C)/ to release consultation papers on regulation (D)
and comprehensive (C)/ evaluation system must be (1) BACD (2) ACBD (3) DACB
introduced (D) (4) BDCA (5) No change required
(1) BACD (2) CDAB (3) DACB Q.15. Insurance market and the rest 19 private insurers (A)/
(4) DBCA (5) No change required constitute 65 per cent of the private (B)/ the top four

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private insurers (C)/ have a combined share of 35 per Q.1. Which of the following should be the FIFTH sentence
cent (D) after the rearrangement?
(1) BACD (2) BDCA (3) CBAD (1) C (2) D (3) A
(4) DBCA (5) No change required (4) B (5) E
Q.16. Rs. 5,000 a candy, in the last few (A)/ the steep hike Q.2. Which of the following should be the SECOND
in cotton prices, by about (B)/ for which cotton is the sentence after the rearrangement?
main raw material (C)/ weeks is a matter of concern (1) B (2) C (3) D
to textile industry (D) (4) A (5) E
(1) ACBD (2) BDCA (3) BADC Q.3. Which of the following should be the THIRD sentence
(4) DBCA (5) No change required after the rearrangement?
Q.17. Contrary to advertisements, most so called ice creams (1) D (2) E (3) C
(A)/ it a rich creamy texture, and a characteristic (4) B (5) A
flavour (B)/ milk and other dairy products. The milk Q.4. Which of the following should be the FIRST sentence
fat in dairy gives (C)/ are actually frozen desserts, after the rearrangement?
made with vegetable oil (D) (1) C (2) E (3) B
(1) BACD (2) ADCB (3) DACB (4) A (5) D
(4) DBCA (5) No change required Q.5. Which of the following should be the FOURTH
Q.18. A recent study at the European (A)/ the risks of stroke sentence after the rearrangement?
and heart diseases (B)/ Norfolk found that antioxidants (1) A (2) D (3) C
reduce (C)/ Prospective Investigation of Cancer(D) (4) E (5) B
(1) BACD (2) BDCA (3) DACB
EXERCISE-3
(4) ADCB (5) No change required
Q.1-5. Rearrange the following sentences (A), (B), (C),
Q.19. Ability on par with that of primates (A)/ birds have (D) and (E) in the proper sequence to form a
more densely packed (B)/ animals, contributing to meaningful paragraph, then answer the questions
cognitive (C)/ neurons in their brains than other (D) given below.
(1) BACD (2) BDCA (3) DACB (A) The FAO has said two-thirds of the country’s vast
(4) DBCA (5) No change required wheat crop.
Q.20. The reasonable restrictions under Article 19(2) have (B) The Food and Agriculture Organization’s
(A)/ such things like offensive grain of social or diagnosis of China’s wheat.
political opinions (B)/ these restrictions were never (C) Is at risk due to the winter drought.
meant to include (C)/ been routinely invoked to choke (D) Crisis defers from the one.
free speech and expression, (D) (E) Presented by the Chinese government.
(1) BACD (2) BDCA (3) ADCB Q.1. Which of the following should be the FOURTH
(4) DBCA (5) No change required sentence after the rearrangement?
EXERCISE-2 (1) B (2) A (3) C
Q.1-5. In the following question, sentences given when (4) D (5) E
properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Q.2. Which of the following should be the SECOND
Each sentence is labelled with a letter. Choose sentence after the rearrangement?
the most logical order of sentences from among (1) A (2) C (3) E
the given choices to construct a coherent (4) B (5) D
paragraph.
Q.3. Which of the following should be the THIRD
(A) the most important person in the room sentence after the rearrangement?
(B) on him rests much of the resonsibility (1) C (2) B (3) D
(C) in the middle of one side of the square sits the (4) E (5) A
chairman of the committee. Q.4. Which of the following should be the FIRST
(D) as the meeting opens he runs briskly through a sentence after the rearrangement?
number of formalities. (1) B (2) E (3) D
(E) for success and failure of the committee. (4) A (5) C
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Q.5. Which of the following should be the FIFTH Q.7. 2010 for the first time in 400 years, after another
sentence after the rearrangement? period of inactivity (A)/ Mount Sinabung roared back
(1) B (2) E (3) C to life in (B)/ it erupted once more in 2013,(C)/ and
has remained highly active since.(D)
(4) D (5) A
(1) BDCA (2) DACB (3) BACD
EXERCISE-4
(4) ADCB (5) No change required
In each of the following questions, if the (C) part of the
Q.8. themselves to by investing in Bitcoin (A)/ by
sentence is fixed at its place then what will be the correct
the Reserve Bank of India about the potential
rearrangement of the parts given below and in case you
financial,(B)/ and security related risks that they are
feel the given sequence is in its correct form then mark
exposing(C)/ users and traders of VCs have already
option (5) i.e no change required as your answer.
been cautioned three times,.(D)
Q.1. he is planning(A)/ with his first smartphone (B)/
(1) BDCA (2) DBCA (3) ADCB
and catch the hinterland consumer while he is still
fiddling(C)/ to race ahead of e-retailers.(D) (4) DACB (5) No change required
(1) BACD (2) BDCA (3) DACB Q.9. he further said that the petroleum sector (A)/would be
brought under (B)/the ambit of the Goods and Services
(4) ADCB (5) No change required
tax (GST) (C)/as and when the consensus is reached
Q.2. people who earn more money tend to become among the states.(D)
selfish,(A)/ while those who earn less take greater
(1) ADCB (2) BDCA (3) DACB
pleasure(B)/ in their relationships and ability(C)/ to
connect with others, according to a study.(D) (4) DBCA (5) No change required
(1) BACD (2) BDCA (3) DACB Q.10. and data become cheaper, the e-retailers wait (A)/ as
internet penetrates Bharat and phones (B)/ for Indians
(4) DCAB (5) No change required
in the hinterland(C)/ to get online and buy stuff from
Q.3. Swachh Bharat Abhiyan set a lot of objectives (A) and them.(D)
workers but all the citizens of the country (B) better.
(1) ADCB (2) BDCA (3) DACB
In addition, it not only appealed the sweepers (C) to
achieve so that India could become cleaner and. (D) (4) BACD (5) No change required
(1) BACD (2) ADCB (3) DACB Q.11. most people think of money as some kind of unmitigated
good.(A)/ But some recent research suggests that this
(4) BDCA (5) No change required
may not actually be the case.(B)/ In many ways, money
Q.4. It certainly provides the technical skills necessary for does not(C)/ necessarily buy you happiness.(D)
using technology. (A) Education makes an individual
(1) BDCA (2) DACB (3) ADCB
a better user of technology. (B) Hence, without
Education, it would probably be difficult (C) to handle (4) DBCA (5) No change required
modern machines. (D) EXERCISE-5
(1) BDCA (2) BACD (3) DACB Rearrange the following sentences (A), (B), (C), (D), (E)
(4) ADCB (5) No change required and (F) in the proper sequence to form a meaningful
paragraph, then answer the questions given below them.
Q.5. losing their hard-earned money (A)/ There is a
real and heightened risk of investment (B)/ and (A)  But also makes us virtuous and happy.
prolonged crash exposing investors, especially retail (B)  Money can show us all the roads to happiness but not
consumers(C)/ bubble of the type seen in Ponzi happiness itself.
schemes which can result in sudden.(D) (C)  It not only gives us the necessities and comforts of life
(1) BACD (2) DACB (3) ABCD (D)  But money is merely a means and man is always more
(4) BDCA (5) No change required important than money.
Q.6. Patel, who started his entrepreneurial journey(A)/ (E)  Money is the foundation of our society.
in the late 1960s as a manufacturer of detergent,(B)/ (F)  And it enables us to attain our cherished ambitions.
and cycling around towns and villages to sell it,(C)/ Q.1.  Which of the following should be the FIRST sentence
is known for creating low-priced products(D) after rearrangement?
(1) BDCA (2) ADCB (3) DACB (1) A (2) B (3) C
(4) DBCA (5) No change required (4) D (5) E
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Q.2.  Which of the following should be the THIRD sentence Q.4.  Which of the following should be the FOURTH
after rearrangement? sentence after rearrangement?
(1) C (2) D (3) B (1) A (2) B (3) F
(4) A (5) F (4) E (5) D
Q.3.  Which of the following should be the FIFTH sentence Q.5.  Which of the following should be the LAST sentence
after rearrangement? after rearrangement?
(1) D (2) B (3) A (1) A (2) B (3) C
(4) E (5) F (4) D (5) E

explanation level - 1
Q.2.(5)
EXERCISE 1
Q.1.(3) Q.2.(4) Q.3.(2) Q.3.(2)
Q.4.(2) Q.5.(4) Q.6.(3) Q.4.(2)
Q.7.(2) Q.8.(4) Q.9.(1) Q.5.(4) There is a real and heightened risk of investment
Q.10.(4) Q.11.(2) Q.12.(3) bubble of the type seen in Ponzi schemes which
Q.13.(3) Q.14.(4) Q.15.(3) can result in sudden and prolonged crash exposing
Q.16.(3) Q.17.(2) Q.18.(4) investors, especially retail consumers losing their
Q.19.(2) Q.20.(3) hard-earned money.
Q.6.(5)
EXERCISE 2
Q.7.(3) Mount Sinabung roared back to life in 2010 for
The correct re-arrangement is CABED
the first time in 400 years, after another period of
‘C’ is the first statement as it starts the story which is about
inactivity it erupted once more in 2013, and has
a Chairman.
remained highly active since.
‘A’ is the second statement as it is directly connected to ‘C’
Q.8.(2) Users and traders of VCs have already been
‘B’ is the third statement as it is talking about the
cautioned three times, by the Reserve Bank of
responsibility of the chairman.
India about the potential financial, and security
‘E’ is the fourth statement as it is completing the third
related risks that they are exposing themselves to
statement.
by investing in Bitcoin.
‘D’ is the last statement as it ends the conversation.
Q.9.(5)
Q.1.(2) Q.2.(4) Q.3.(4)
Q.4.(1) Q.5.(4) Q.10.(4) As internet penetrates Bharat and phones and data
become cheaper, the e-retailers wait for Indians
EXERCISE 3 in the hinterland to get online and buy stuff from
The arragement is “BDEAC” them.
Q.1.(2) Q.2.(5) Q.3.(4) Q.11.(5)
Q.4.(1) Q.5.(3)
EXERCISE 5
EXERCISE 4
The correct arrangement is ECAFDB
Q.1.(4) He is planning to race ahead of e-retailers and catch
the hinterland consumer while he is still fiddling Q.1.(5) Q.2.(4) Q.3.(1)
with his first smartphone. Q.4.(3) Q.5.(2)

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exercise level - 2
provide many clues to the direct rebellions of the
EXERCISE 1
oppressed masses against their oppression. But it
Q.1-5. Rearrange the following seven sentences in the is attributable to its own design that effectively
proper sequence to form a meaningful paragraph obviated coalescence (A) of two millennia that
where F is fixed at its place and then answer the nibbled at their existence every moment with a
questions given below them. 'divine' contrivance called caste. The extraordinary
A. By the 1930s, more than 282 million acres of success of this contrivance of social stratification
farmland were damaged by erosion. is as much inconceivable that they did not
B. After 40 years of conservation efforts, soil erosion take place at all over a long period (B) of the
has accelerated due to oppressed castes and facilitated establishment and
maintenance of the consequent ruination of the
C. Erosion of America's farmland by wind and water
prospects of getting a better birth in their next life
has been a problem since settlers first
(C). None could ordinarily raise a question as it meant
D. put the prairies and grasslands under the plow in incurring divine wrath and ideological hegemony
the nineteenth century. as to its purported divine origination (D).
E. it causes are likely to replace petroleum scarcity as According to your understanding of the context
the nation's most critical natural resource problem. of the passage, what would be the correct
F. In the years ahead, soil erosion and the pollution sequence of the highlighted parts?
problems (1) BCDA (2) DCBA (3) BADC
G. new demands placed on the land by heavy crop (4) ADCB (5) DBCA
production. Q.7. There’s hardly an industry that has been
Q.1. Which of the following will be the FIRST sentence left headway for our culture, businesses, and
after rearrangement? lifestyles (A) - from healthcare and business
(1) A (2) D (3) E to astronomical discoveries and even home
entertainment - it is gathered in just the last
(4) C (5) G
few years and by 2020 (B) to make untouched
Q.2. The position of which of the following sentences by data science (C). The multi-disciplinary field
remains unchanged after the rearrangement? has been delivering results at exponential rates
(1) A (2) G (3) D backstage; over 90% of the world’s data
(4) E (5) None was moulding the way we interact and use data
Q.3. Which of the following will be the THIRD (D) each human being on Earth will be generating
sentence after rearrangement? around 1.7 megabytes of data every second.
According to your understanding of the context
(1) A (2) D (3) E of the passage, what would be the correct
(4) C (5) G sequence of the highlighted parts?
Q.4. After rearrangement, which of the following pairs (1) BCDA (2) CBDA (3) BADC
falls between the first and the fixed sentence? (4) CDAB (5) DBCA
(1) C-D (2) G-E (3) C-E Q.8. It is inconceivable to think of the modern world
(4) B-G (5) B-C without advertising. It is one of the unprecedented
Q.5. Which of the following will be the LAST sentence development in the means of transport and
after rearrangement? communication (A) involves astronomical
(1) D (2) A (3) B figures. In its extended sense advertising is as much
applicable to the intensity and subtlety of the
(4) G (5) E advertising it resorts to (B). Here, however we
EXERCISE 2 will confine ourselves to the more common world
Q.6-8. In the following question, a passage with four of business, where one is struck by the world of
highlighted phrases is given, some of the phrases politics and religion as to that of business and
are not appropriate at their place. Read the trade (C). Perhaps it is inherent in mass production
passage carefully and answer the question: for extensive markets across a country and
The mythologized history of India does not beyond to thrive on large-scale advertising.
O n e t h i n g g e n e r a l l y l e a d s t o a n o t h e r.
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International trade was made possible, thanks to response and the position taken in the standoff
the constitutive elements of modern living and in with China at the Galwan Valley and subsequent
terms of costs (D), and it in turn created the build-up, have reassured the country and smaller
giant publicity firms and advertising agencies. regional nations of our resolve to challenge China’s
According to your understanding of the context territorial ambitions and our willingness to share our
of the passage, what would be the correct capabilities with them.
sequence of the highlighted parts? Q.9. Which will be the first passage after the
(1) BCDA (2) DBCA (3) BADC rearrangement?
(4) ADCB (5) DCBA (1) A (2) B (3) C
EXERCISE 3 (4) D (5) E
Q.9-12. Read the following passage and answer the Q.10. After rearrangement, which of the following
questions based on it. pairs falls between first and the last passage?
A. India’s resolve adds immensely to the global (1) A-B (2) B-A (3) C-B
message that China’s coercive diplomacy or (4) D-A (5) E-A
strategy against fragile, weak or failed states in the Q.11. Which short passage is irrelevant in the context to
region will not work and that a credible regional the whole passage?
stand against China is possible. Two, in its role
(1) A (2) B (3) C
as a regional security provider, this deal reflects
the larger strategic outreach in pursuit of regional (4) D (5) E
stability by strengthening the security architecture Q.12. What is the correct rearrangement of the short
in Southeast Asia. passages, after leaving out the odd one?
B. To promote peace and security in the region, (1) D-B-A-C (2) E-D-A-C (3) B- E-A-C
it is critical to strengthen engagement in defence (4) C-D-B-A (5) B-E-C-D
capabilities, invest in capacity-building, maritime
security and counter-terrorism and advocating the EXERCISE 4
rule of law. In his speech at the Chiefs of Air Staff Q.13-14. Read the following short paragraphs which are
Conclave earlier in the month, defence minister said the parts of a passage and answer the questions
that the deteriorating geopolitical landscape requires based on it.
strengthening of security frameworks, based on A. The bigger cause for optimism at this point—
the principles of cooperation, collaboration and besides dropping covid cases—is the revival in
coexistence. economic activity reflected in our tax mop-up.
C. China’s aggressive policy to unilaterally settle Signs of it have been increasingly visible. Of the
territorial disputes with Japan, Vietnam, the 16 indicators it tracks, eight were green in August,
Philippines and Indonesia by the outrageous nine- implying their readings were above their five-year
dash line, 2,000 km away from China’s coastline, averages.
and Beijing’s rejection of the International Court B. The Union Budget’s fiscal math, done before
of Justice’s ruling demonstrated China’s writ in the our second wave of covid, should need no big
region. revision—if other revenue aims are met. While our
D. The alliance government had, in 2020-21 waived 2020-21 budget was taken apart by covid, relative
the licence fee to liquor dealers and lifted the liquor stability this year on the fiscal front will offer some
ban in Chandrapur district. The alliance government relief to our over-supplied bond market, which also
seems to believe that liquor consumers and sellers has inflation to sweat over.
are the key factors in the state’s economy. The C. From a production perspective, the purchasing
government also does not seem to hesitate to take managers’ index in August went nicely above its
decisions only in the favour of liquor sellers and the five-year average, as did growth in rail freight traffic.
builder lobby. Overall, these data charts speak of resilience, though
E. Seen in this backdrop, the BrahMos deal is we clearly have some way to go.
India’s first export of this critical strategic weapon D. Applying new and improved emission control
system, which will have significant strategic techniques must be part of the solution, but
implications. This deal repositions India in two minimising the use of fossil fuels is key to resolving
strategic perspectives. One, internally, India’s strong both climate change and air pollution, as it cuts

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emissions of the main greenhouse gas carbon halfway, with tractor sales strong and air-traffic still
dioxide as well as those of health-damaging sulphur weak.
dioxide, nitrogen oxides, fine particulate matter and Q.13. Which short passage is irrelevant in the context
mercury. of the whole passage?
E. This makes for our best performance not just (1) A (2) B (3) C
since the pandemic began, but in nearly two-
(4) D (5) E
and-a-half years. Impressive as this is under the
circumstances, a broad recovery will need us to Q.14. What is the correct rearrangement of the short
perform better than average on more parameters. passages, after removing the irrelevant one?
The Tracker’s four Ease of Living counts remain in (1) BACD (2) EDAC (3) CDBA
the red, while its Consumer Economy block is split (4) BAEC (5) ECDA
explanation level - 2
our culture, businesses, and lifestyles (C).The
EXERCISE 1
multi-disciplinary field has been delivering results
Q.1.(4) The correct rearrangement is CDABGFE. C is the
introductory part, introducing erosion joined with D at exponential rates backstage; over 90% of the
with main verb, then A and B follow as D ends with world’s data was gathered in just the last few
mentioning nineteenth century and A continues that years and by 2020 (D) each human being on Earth
joins with B which mentions acceleration of soil will be generating around 1.7 megabytes of data
erosion and G mentions its reasons. F is fixed so E every second.
is the last sentence.
Q.8.(5) The correct paragraph will be:
Q.2.(5)
Q.3.(1) It is inconceivable to think of the modern world
Q.4.(4) without advertising. It is one of the constitutive
Q.5.(5) elements of modern living and in terms of
EXERCISE 2 costs (A) involves astronomical figures. In
its extended sense advertising is as much applicable
Q.6.(3) The correct paragraph will be:
to the world of politics and religion as to that of
The mythologized history of India does not
provide many clues to the direct rebellions of the business and trade (B). Here, however we will
oppressed masses against their oppression. But it confine ourselves to the more common world
is as much inconceivable that they did not take of business, where one is struck by the intensity
place at all over a long period (A) of two millennia and subtlety of the advertising it resorts to
that nibbled at their existence every moment with a
(C). Perhaps it is inherent in mass production for
'divine' contrivance called caste. The extraordinary
success of this contrivance of social stratification extensive markets across a country and beyond
is as much attributable to its own design that to thrive on large-scale advertising. One thing
effectively obviated coalescence (B) of the generally leads to another. International trade
oppressed castes and facilitated establishment and was made possible, thanks to the unprecedented
maintenance of the ideological hegemony development in the means of transport and
as to its purported divine origination (C).
communication (D), and it in turn created the giant
None could ordinarily raise a question as it
meant incurring divine wrath and consequent publicity firms and advertising agencies.
ruination of the prospects of getting a better EXERCISE 3
birth in their next life (D). Q.9.(2) The correct rearrangement of the short passages
Q.7.(4) The correct paragraph will be: is BEAC. The passage speaks about ‘India’s deal
There’s hardly an industry that has been left regarding BrahMos and China’s involvement in it’.
untouched by data science (A) - from healthcare Q.10.(5) The correct rearrangement of the short passages
is BEAC. The passage speaks about ‘India’s deal
and business to astronomical discoveries and even
regarding BrahMos and China’s involvement in it’.
home entertainment - it is moulding the way we
Q.11.(4) The passage speaks about ‘India's deal
interact and use data (B) to make headway for regarding BrahMos and China's involvement

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in it’ whereas point D mentions ‘the alliance Q.14.(4) Paragraphs A and E can't be taken as the first
government waiving the licence fee for liquor one as 'this' is mentioned at start in both the
dealers’ which is entirely irrelevant. paragraphs which indicates that something
Q.12.(3) The correct rearrangement of the short passages related to this is given in any other paragraph.
is BEAC. The passage speaks about ‘India’s deal So between B and E if we understand carefully, B
regarding BrahMos and China’s involvement in it’. seems to be the introductory part of new Union Budget.
EXERCISE 4 Since B is talking about some relief and the reason
Q.13.(4) The passage speaks about the ‘Union Budget and for it is mentioned in A, clearly can be seen 'this
the effect of the waves of Covid’ whereas point D optimism'. Further we can attach E and then C.
mentions ‘emission control techniques’ which is The correct rearrangement of the short passages
entirely irrelevant. is BAEC.
PREVIOUS YEAR PAPER QUESTIONS
(BASED ON MEMORY)
Q.1.-5. In the following question, the first sentence is Q.6-10. Rearrange the following sentences (A), (B), (C),
fixed at its respective position. Rearrange the (D), (E) and (F) in the proper sequence to form a
other sentences (B), (C), (D), (E), and (F) in the meaningful paragraph, then answer the questions
proper sequence to form a meaningful paragraph given below them.
and then answer the given questions. (SBI PO PRE 2019)
(SBI CLERK PRE 2019) (A) Here’s a rundown of some useful Google gems
(A) Agriculture sector around the world is a major that
player (B) But those apps are just a hint of what this Internet
(B) its livelihood by supplying food to the rest of behemoth offers
the world (C) Gmail, Google maps, and Blogger are used widely.
(C) hugely contributes in its overall development (D) By now, most know that Google is about far
(D) it is the largest employer in rural areas and more than search.
(E) nearly 80% of world population depends on (E) Under the hood of its famous search engine.
agriculture for (F) You may not know about, but probably should.
(F) in sustaining rural economy and development Q.6. Which is the FIRST sentence after the rearrangement?
Q.1. Which of the following would be the FOURTH (1) A (2) B (3) C
sentence after the rearrangement? (4) D (5) E
(1) D (2) C (3) F Q.7. Which is the FIFTH sentence after the rearrangement?
(4) E (5) B (1) A (2) B (3) F
Q.2. Which of the following would be the SECOND (4) D (5) E
sentence after the rearrangement?
Q.8. Which is the LAST sentence after the rearrangement?
(1) F (2) D (3) E
(1) A (2) F (3) B
(4) C (5) B
(4) C (5) D
Q.3. Which of the following would be the FIFTH
Q.9. Which is the SECOND sentence after the rearrangement?
sentence after the rearrangement?
(1) A (2) B (3) C
(1) E (2) F (3) C
(4) D (5) E
(4) B (5) D
Q.10. Which is the THIRD sentence after the rearrangement?
Q.4. Which of the following would be the LAST sentence
after the rearrangement? (1) A (2) B (3) C
(1) D (2) C (3) B (4) D (5) E
(4) E (5) F Q.11-15. Rearrange the following sentences (A), (B),
(C), (D) and (E) in the proper sequence to form
Q.5. Which of the following would be the THIRD
a meaningful paragraph and answer the given
sentence after the rearrangement?
questions.
(1) C (2) E (3) F
(IBPS CLERK PRE 2019)
(4) D (5) B
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A. consequently resulting in raised ocean level and Q.16. Which of the following would be the LAST sentence
floods after rearrangement?
B. results in reduction in the number of marine (1) D (2) E (3) B
species like (4) A (5) C
C. galactic and polar ice is melting as a result of Q.17. Which of the following would be the FIRST
global warming sentence after rearrangement?
D. planktons, coral fish, seals, great barrier reef etc. (1) B (2) E (3) C
E. also, the rise in oceanic temperature and plastic (4) D (5) A
pollution Q.18. Which of the following would be the FOURTH
Q.11. Which of the following would be the FOURTH sentence after rearrangement?
sentence after the rearrangement? (1) A (2) B (3) C
(1) D (2) C (3) A (4) D (5) E
(4) E (5) B Q.19. Which of the following would be the SECOND
Q.12. Which of the following would be the SECOND sentence after rearrangement?
sentence after the rearrangement? (1) A (2) C (3) D
(1) D (2) A (3) E (4) B (5) E
(4) C (5) B Q.20. Which of the following would be the THIRD
Q.13. Which of the following would be the LAST sentence after rearrangement?
sentence after the rearrangement? (1) D (2) B (3) E
(1) E (2) A (3) C (4) A (5) C
(4) B (5) D Q.21-25. Rearrange the following sentences (A), (B), (C),
Q.14. Which of the following would be the THIRD (D), (E), (F) and (G) in the proper sequence to
sentence after the rearrangement? form a meaningful paragraph, then answer the
(1) B (2) D (3) C questions given below them.
(4) E (5) A (NABARD ASSISTANT PRE 2019)
Q.15. Which of the following would be the FIRST (A) And that by 2050, 70% of people will be living
sentence after the rearrangement? in cities?
(1) C (2) E (3) A (B) Adding to the strain are ever-changing public
(4) D (5) B demands for better education, greener programmes,
Q.16-20. Rearrange the following sentences (A), (B), accessible government, affordable housing and more
(C), (D) and (E) in the proper sequence to form a options for senior citizens.
meaningful paragraph, then answer the questions (C) Do you know that every minute during the next
given below them. 20 years, 30 Indians will leave rural India for urban
(LIC ASSISTANT PRE 2019) areas?
A. that was classic Nancy Reagan. Since her death, (D) That deliver vital services such as transportation,
she has been remembered as a powerful and healthcare, education and public safety.
stylish first lady. (E) If there were ever a time to focus on developing
B. for more than two hours, Nancy Reagan sat solutions for sustainable cities, that time is now.
behind the artist Everett Raymond Kinstler as (F) The moot point is this: as population centers
he painted her husband’s portrait in grow, they are placing greater demands on the city
C. President Gerald Ford, was unnerved by Mrs. infrastructures
Reagan’s intensity. “It was terribly distracting,” (G) At this rate, India will need some 500 new cities
he recalled. When he in the next two decades.
D. his New York City studio shortly after the Q.21. Which of the following would be the FOURTH
Reagans left the White House. Mr. Kinstler, sentence after rearrangement?
who had done several portraits of (1) A (2) E (3) F
E. asked if she would wait in the living room, Mrs. (4) B (5) D
Reagan replied, unmoved, “No, I really would Q.22. Which of the following would be the FIRST
like to stay here while you work.” sentence after rearrangement?

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(1) G (2) B (3) A more expansive possibilities (C) the transformation
(4) D (5) C of Indian life that the telecom sector has caused over
Q.23. Which of the following would be the FIFTH the past decade or so, be it social or commercial(D)
sentence after rearrangement? (1) ABDC (2) ACBD (3) DCBA
(1) D (2) C (3) A (4) DBCA (5) BCDA
(4) F (5) G Q.30. all combined with the threat of low and jobless
Q.24. Which of the following would be the THIRD growth for a prolonged period, (A) rural distress,
sentence after rearrangement? spatial disparities, the gender divide and climate
change, (B) to deal with the global economic
(1) B (2) G (3) E
downturn (C) make it important to reshape economic
(4) C (5) A policy (D)
Q.25. Which of the following would be the SEVENTH (1) CBDA (2) ACBD (3) BADC
sentence after rearrangement?
(4) BDAC (5) BACD
(1) D (2) F (3) A
Q.31-35. If the (C) part of the sentence is fixed at its place
(4) E (5) C then what will be the correct rearrangement of
Q.26-30. In each of the following questions, a sentence the sentence given below and in case you feel the
has been given which is divided into four parts given sentence is in its correct sequence then mark
which are not in a correct order. Rearrange the option (5) i.e. no change required as your answer.
phrases to make a meaningful sentence. (IBPS CLERK PRE 2021)
(CRP PO MAINS 2019) Q.31. I would shoot early in the morning (A)/ Finding
Q.26. this ranking is not the only factor influencing good guides was another problem, (B)/ but they
investment decisions (A) it has been conjectured would always guide me to the touristy spots and to
that investment has been lacklustre (B) but the beat the heat, (C)/ I would ask them to take me to
disconnect with investment demands a closer look interesting, offbeat places (D)
at what is happening (C) in the period India’s ease of (1) BACD (2) BDCA (3) DACB
doing business ranking improved and certainly (D)
(4) DBCA (5) No change required
(1) ACBD (2) CBAD (3) BDAC
Q.32. Some were optimistic, (A)/ while others thought
(4) BCAD (5) DABC life was unfair and (B)/ it’s the same all over the
Q.27. to clear collegium recommendations on appointments world and one thing (C)/ I found interesting was that
to high courts is important (A) investment climate nobody ever said no to being photographed (D).
improves when contract enforcement is not only (1) BACD (2) BDCA (3) DACB
backed by (B) a Supreme Court decision that
(4) DBCA (5) No change required
government should stick to a deadline of six months
(C) carefully thought out statutes but is also realised Q.33. and patterns and it’s apparent in the way people
in a timely manner and in this context (D) wrap scarves around (A)/ streets are flooded with
this rich visual culture (B)/ their neck or tie a lungi
(1) BCDA (2) BDCA (3) ABDC
around the waist and India’s (C)/ Indians have an
(4) CDBA (5) DCBA innate sense of mixing textures (D)
Q.28. the process of having contractual employees at (1) BACD (2) BDCA (3) DACB
employers’ discretion (A) at hereon which would
(4) DBCA (5) No change required
certainly help to formalize, rationalize and simplify
(B) provides a clear definition of how fixed-term Q.34. Arrange the following phrases to make a meaningful
employment should be looked (C) the new Industrial sentence and answer the question that follows.
Relations Code, a reform initiative protecting the (IBPS CLERK PRE 2021)
interest and benefits of employees(D) A. consideration has come from the requests from
(1) ACBD (2) DACB (3) ABDC the states which have
(4) CBDA (5) DCBA B. use of machines in MGNREGS works in some
Q.29. of what our handsets can do, leaders of the telecom states and the trigger for such
sector are sending out distinct signals of distress C. according to reports, the government is actively
(A) has held us spellbound but, just as wireless web considering allowing
connectivity reaches another pivotal moment, (B) D. submitted that rocky terrain makes it difficult to
with newer technology promising to open up even do manual work under the scheme.
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What is the correct rearrangement of the given Q.40. Which of the following would be the THIRD
phrases? statement after rearrangement?
(1) BACD (2) ABCD (3) CBAD (1) A (2) B (3) C
(4) ACBD (5) CDAB (4) D (5) E
Q.35. Arrange the following phrases to make a meaningful Q.41-45. Rearrange the following sentences (A), (B), (C),
sentence and answer the question that follows. (D), (E) and (F) in the proper sequence to form
A. the resolution adopted by the working committee a meaningful paragraph and then answer the
of the party questions given below.
B. the esteemed political party’s categorical (RRB CLERK MAINS 2021)
assertion in support of A. been made by the London School of Hygiene &
C. the construction of a magnificent temple seems Tropical Medicine
to have evoked mixed reactions within B. it is estimated that almost 40% of new cases in
D. the party, with a section of party leaders asking London are now due to Omicron
if the public articulation went beyond C. at this rate, an estimation of over 1,75,000
What is the correct rearrangement of the given hospitalisations and 24,700 deaths has
phrases? D. the United Kingdom reported its and the world’s
(1) ABCD (2) BDCA (3) CBDA first death from the new Omicron variant
(4) DACB (5) BCDA E. infected patients is 2.3 days while that of hospital
Q.36-40. Rearrange the following sentences (A), (B), (C), admissions is 6 days
(D) and (E) in the proper sequence to form a F. predictions on the UK are not comforting as the
meaningful paragraph, then answer the questions estimated doubling rate of
given below them. Q.41. Which of these would be the second last sentence
(IBPS CLERK MAINS 2022) after rearranging the given sentences?
A. Youngsters have started living in the virtual world. (1) A (2) F (3) D
B. Such settings are meant for user privacy and (4) E (5) C
must be thoroughly understood beforehand. Q.42. After rearrangement, which of the following pair
C. They must understand that internet is not a space of sentences would lie between second and last
for sharing emotions. sentence?
D. The first thing that must be kept in mind is to (1) A-B (2) D-A (3) B-D
understand all the privacy rules and settings and (4) F-E (5) C-A
to activate them before operating any social site. Q.43. Which of these would be the first sentence after
E. By sharing their happiness, sadness, worries rearranging the given sentences?
on social networking sites, children make (1) A (2) F (3) E
themselves more vulnerable to crimes. (4) B (5) D
Q.36. Which of the following would be the SECOND Q.44. The place of which of the following will remain
statement after rearrangement? unchanged after the rearrangement?
(1) A (2) B (3) C (1) A (2) B (3) D
(4) D (5) E (4) F (5) C
Q.37. Which of the following would be the LAST Q.45. Which of these would be the third sentence after
statement after rearrangement? rearranging the given sentences?
(1) A (2) B (3) C (1) E (2) A (3) F
(4) D (5) E (4) C (5) B
Q.38. Which of the following would be the FIRST Q.46-50. Rearrange the following sentences (A), (B),
statement after rearrangement? (C), (D), (E) and (F) in the proper sequence to
(1) A (2) B (3) C form a meaningful paragraph, then answer the
(4) D (5) E questions given below them.
Q.39. Which of the following would be the FOURTH (RRB PO MAINS 2021)
statement after rearrangement? A. Gujarat’s milk production has risen to 269 lakh
(1) A (2) B (3) C litre per day, pushing Punjab to the fifth slot with
(4) D (5) E more than 261 lakh litre milk production per day.

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B. The result: There is a distinct change in the way that (1) D (2) E (3) B
India’s largest food and dairy organization presents (4) C (5) F
itself today. Q.47. Which of the following would be the THIRD sentence
C. GCMMF presently procures over 164 lakh litre after rearrangement?
milk per day and has broken its own record of   2012 (1) B (2) A (3) E
when it had procured more than 140 lakh litre milk (4) C (5) F
per day.
Q.48. Which of the following would be the LAST sentence
D.   In 2013, Gujarat, the cradle of India’s after rearrangement?
White Revolution, had beaten Punjab in milk (1) B (2) F (3) C
production and emerged as the country’s fourth
(4) A (5) E
largest milk producing state.
Q.49. Which of the following would be the FIRST sentence
E. Amul, which was traditionally perceived as a brand
after rearrangement?
for housewives, is aggressively promoting   itself as a
(1) E (2) C (3) B
young brand and is going great guns on promotions.
(4) A (5) D
F.  All this was possible with the efforts of the
Gujarat Co-operative Milk Marketing Federation Q.50. Which of the following would be the SECOND
(GCMMF), which owns and markets brand Amul sentence after rearrangement?
(1) C (2) E (3) A
Q.46. Which of the following would be the FOURTH
sentence after rearrangement? (4) B (5) D

PREVIOUS YEAR PAPER ANSWERS

(BASED ON MEMORY)
Q.1-5. Q.14.(4) The correct rearrangement is ‘CAEBD’. The
Q.1.(2) The correct rearrangement is ‘FDCEB’. The passage is about the ‘adverse effects of Global
passage is based on ‘Agriculture and Rural Warming’.
Development’. Q.15.(1) The correct rearrangement is ‘CAEBD’. The
Q.2.(1) The correct rearrangement is ‘FDCEB’. The passage is about the ‘adverse effects of Global
passage is based on ‘Agriculture and Rural Warming’.
Development’. Q.16.(4) The correct rearrangement is ‘BDCEA’. The
Q.3.(1) The correct rearrangement is ‘FDCEB’. The passage is based on ‘Nancy Reagan’.
passage is based on ‘Agriculture and Rural Q.17.(3) The correct rearrangement is ‘BDCEA’. The
Development’. passage is based on ‘Nancy Reagan’.
Q.4.(3) The correct rearrangement is ‘FDCEB’. The Q.18.(5) The correct rearrangement is ‘BDCEA’. The
passage is based on ‘Agriculture and Rural passage is based on ‘Nancy Reagan’.
Development’. Q.19.(1) The correct rearrangement is ‘BDCEA’. The
Q.5.(4) The correct rearrangement is ‘FDCEB’. The passage is based on ‘Nancy Reagan’.
passage is based on ‘Agriculture and Rural Q.20.(5) The correct rearrangement is ‘BDCEA’. The
Development’. passage is based on ‘Nancy Reagan’.
Q.6-10. The correct sequence is DCBEAF. The passage Q.21-25. The arrangement would be CAGFDBE. The
discusses Google and its apps. paragraph stresses on the need to give more
Q.6.(4) Q.7.(1) Q.8.(2) Q.9.(3) Q.10.(2) importance to city infrastructure because more
Q.11.(5) The correct rearrangement is ‘CAEBD’. The and more people are choosing to live in cities.
passage is about the ‘adverse effects of Global Q.21.(3) Q.22.(5) Q.23.(1) Q.24.(2) Q.25.(4)
Warming’. Q.26.(3) The correct rearrangement is ‘BDAC’. It has been
Q.12.(2) The correct rearrangement is ‘CAEBD’. The conjectured that investment has been lacklustre in
passage is about the ‘adverse effects of Global the period India’s ease of doing business ranking
Warming’. improved and certainly, this ranking is not the
Q.13.(5) The correct rearrangement is ‘CAEBD’. The only factor influencing investment decisions but
passage is about the ‘adverse effects of Global the disconnect with investment demands a closer
Warming’. look at what is happening.

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Q.27.(2) The correct rearrangement is ‘BDCA’. Investment Q.37.(2) The arrangement would be ACEDB. The paragraph
climate improves when contract enforcement mentions the precaution youngsters should take in
is not only backed by carefully thought out order to stay safe, in the virtual world.
statutes but is also realized in a timely manner Q.38.(1) The arrangement would be ACEDB. The paragraph
and in this context, a Supreme Court decision
mentions the precaution youngsters should take in
that government should stick to a deadline of six
order to stay safe, in the virtual world.
months to clear collegium recommendations on
appointments to high courts is important. Q.39.(4) The arrangement would be ACEDB. The paragraph
Q.28.(5) The correct rearrangement is ‘DCBA’. The new mentions the precaution youngsters should take in
Industrial Relations Code, a reform initiative order to stay safe, in the virtual world.
protecting the interest and benefits of employees, Q.40.(5) The arrangement would be ACEDB. The paragraph
provides a clear definition of how fixed-term mentions the precaution youngsters should take in
employment should be looked at hereon which order to stay safe, in the virtual world.
would certainly help to formalize, rationalize
Q.41.(5) The correct rearrangement is ‘DBFECA’. The
and simplify the process of having contractual
passage is based on ‘the Omicron variant and its
employees at employers’ discretion.
effects’.
Q.29.(4) The correct rearrangement is ‘DBCA’. The
transformation of Indian life that the telecom Q.42.(4) The correct rearrangement is ‘DBFECA’. The
sector has caused over the past decade or so, be it passage is based on ‘the Omicron variant and its
social or commercial, has held us spellbound but, effects’.
just as wireless web connectivity reaches another Q.43.(5) The correct rearrangement is ‘DBFECA’. The
pivotal moment, with newer technology promising passage is based on ‘the Omicron variant and its
to open up even more expansive possibilities of effects’.
what our handsets can do, leaders of the telecom
Q.44.(2) The correct rearrangement is ‘DBFECA’. The passage
sector are sending out distinct signals of distress.
is based on ‘the Omicron variant and its effects’.
Q.30.(3) The correct rearrangement is ‘BADC’. Rural
Q.45.(3) The correct rearrangement is ‘DBFECA’. The
distress, spatial disparities, the gender divide and
climate change, all combined with the threat of passage is based on ‘the Omicron variant and its
low and jobless growth for a prolonged period, effects’.
make it important to reshape economic policy to Q.46.(4) The arrangement would be DAFCEB. The
deal with the global economic downturn. paragraph discusses some facts of Gujarat’s milk
Q.31.(2) Finding good guides was another problem, I would production and achievements of Amul, as an
ask them to take me to interesting, offbeat places organization
but they would always guide me to the touristy Q.47.(5) The arrangement would be DAFCEB. The
spots and to beat the heat, I would shoot early in paragraph discusses some facts of Gujarat’s milk
the morning.
production and achievements of Amul, as an
Q.32.(5) Some were optimistic, while others thought life organization
was unfair and it’s the same all over the world and
Q.48.(1) The arrangement would be DAFCEB. The
one thing I found interesting was that nobody ever
said no to being photographed. paragraph discusses some facts of Gujarat’s milk
production and achievements of Amul, as an
Q.33.(3) Indians have an innate sense of mixing textures
and patterns and it’s apparent in the way people organization
wrap scarves around their neck or tie a lungi Q.49.(5) The arrangement would be DAFCEB. The
around the waist and India’s streets are flooded paragraph discusses some facts of Gujarat’s milk
with this rich visual culture. production and achievements of Amul, as an
Q.34.(3) The correct rearrangement is CBAD. organization
Q.35.(5) The correct rearrangement is BCDA. Q.50.(3) The arrangement would be DAFCEB. The
Q.36.(3) The arrangement would be ACEDB. The paragraph paragraph discusses some facts of Gujarat’s milk
mentions the precaution youngsters should take in production and achievements of Amul, as an
order to stay safe, in the virtual world. organization

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CHAPTER

8 PREPOSITION
Preposition is a relation word; they can indicate location, 3. Prepositions of Movement
time, or other more abstract relationships. A preposition 4. Prepositions of Direction
combines with another word (usually a noun or pronoun)
called the complement. 5. Prepositions of Manner
@ Sangya sang until three in the morning. 6. Prepositions of Measure
@ We were happy for Shanaya. 7. Prepositions of Source
@ Mikesh counted to five. 8. Prepositions of Possession
@ The woods behind her house are super 9. Prepositions of Agent or Instrument
creepy at night. 10. Prepositions of Instruments, devices or Machines
Prepositions generally come before their complements 1. Prepositions of Time:
(, in India, of Tara, under the table,). However, there are
a small handful of exceptions, including notwithstand- These prepositions denote time in the sentence.
ing and ago: Prepositions of time words are on, at, in etc.
@ Financial limitations notwithstanding, Garima paid @ Why don’t you come to Delhi on Saturday evening?
back his debts.
@ They gathered in the assembly hall at 3 o’ clock.
@ Aditya was released four days ago.
@ They are traveling abroad in the summertime.
Prepositions of location are pretty easily defined
2. Prepositions of Place:
(near, far, over, under, etc.), and prepositions about time
are as well (before, after, at, during, etc.). Prepositions These prepositions denote a place in the sentence.
of “more abstract relationships,” however, are a little more Prepositions of place words are in, on, under etc.
nebulous in their definition.
@ There’s a painting on the wall.
Examples of Preposition @ Let’s get under the umbrella as it’s starting to drizzle.
Here are some examples of commonly used prepositions:
@ There’s a shoe rack in the lobby.
for from in 3. Prepositions of Direction:
onto opposite out
These prepositions show the direction of something.
to toward under
Prepositions of direction words are into, towards, past etc.
with within without
about above across @ She dived into the river.
along behind below @ All students walked towards the assembly hall.
besides between down @ Past the orchard, you will find my grandmother’s
after against house.

beneath beside 4. Prepositions of Movement:

during except These are used to describe the movement of one noun or
pronoun towards another noun or pronoun.
Kinds of Preposition Prepositions of movement words are to, into, towards,
1. Prepositions of Time through etc.
2. Prepositions of Place @ I went to the bookstore.

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@ The swimmer jumped into the pool. Prepositions of instruments, devices or machines words are
by, with the helped etc.
@ The dog was coming towards him.
@ She came to the wedding party by train.
5. Prepositions of Direction:
@ I made a hole in the wall with the help of a drill for
Prepositions of direction are used to indicate the direction
the waste-pipe.
of someone or something in the sentence.
Prepositions of direction words are over, under, to, on, into, Difference Between common prepositions-
in, onto, right, left, between, behind, near etc. At and in
@ It’s time to go to bed In is used to indicate the location of someone at a particular
@ We are going over the bridge. point of time.

@ He saw someone coming towards him. @ He was in the church when I went to his home.

@ She dived into the river. @ The thought occurred in the mind.

6. Prepositions of Manner: @ At is used to indicate the proximity of nearness of

something. For example, look at the following sentence.
Prepositions of manner words are applied to describe the
way or means by which something happened or happens @ The dog was at the gate.
when used in a sentence. @ He was in the canteen at the railway station.
Prepositions of manner words are on, in, with, by, like etc. In and In to
@ He goes to work by train came there in a taxi. In generally refers to being inside something.
@ The boy speaks like an old man. @ Aruna stood alone in the elevator.
7. Prepositions of Measure: @ She’s in the bedroom getting dressed.
Prepositions of measure words are applied to connect @ She was walking in the garden.
the quantity of the noun with the noun itself when used in
Into generally means movement toward inside of some-
a sentence.
thing.
Prepositions of measure words are of, by etc.
@ Aniket walked into the elevator.
@ I bought a pound of cheese today.
@ She walked into the house.
@ This shop sells cloth by the yard.
@ She ran into the room carrying a paper.
8. Prepositions of Source:
Into and in to
Prepositions of source are applied, when it is needed to
Into
convey that one noun or pronoun has originated from another
noun or pronoun in the sentence. @ They went into the theatre.
Prepositions of source words are from, by etc. @ After a long night, she crawled into her bed to go to
sleep.
@ The Earth receives light from the Sun.
@ He threw the note into the fire.
@ This poem is written by me.
In to
9. Prepositions of Possession:
@ They went in to the reception.
Prepositions of possession words are used, when it is re-
quired to indicate noun or pronoun or owns another noun or @ You are either in to win or you’re not.
pronoun in the sentence. @ The skateboarder dropped in to the ramp.
Prepositions of possession words are in, with, of etc. To and in to
@ I met the boy with red hair today. To
@ The old man had no money with him. @ We’re going to Paris.
10. Prepositions of Instruments, devices or Machines: @ It’s a quarter to 2.
These prepositions connect instruments, machines or devices @ I prefer sleeping to working.
in the sentence.
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Into @ We waited for 30 minutes outside your house.
@ Speak clearly into the microphone. By and with
@ The truck crashed into a parked car. The person or thing that performs the action usually comes
@ Come into the house. at the end of the sentence and is indicated by the preposi-
tion By.
On and On to
@ He was killed by his wife.
@ On refers to a position on a surface.
@ The decision was approved by the committee.
@ Your keys are on the table.
@ The victim has been abused by the police.
@ The men were standing on the roof.
With
Onto is a preposition that means, on top of, to a position on,
upon. Onto implies movement, so it has an adverbial flavor With is used when something is done with the help of some
to it even though it is a preposition. instrument.

@ The cat jumped onto the dresser. @ The vegetables were sliced with her new knife.

@ The gymnast jumped onto the mat. @ I opened the bottle with a bottle opener.

Since, for and from Made of and made from

Since expresses duration up to the present. ‘Made of’ is used in a sentence when you talk about the basic
material or qualities which remains unchanged.
@ I have lived in this house since 1997.
@ The bags are made of leather.
@ We’ve been married since last June.
@ The windows are made of glass.
Since is used in the present perfect or present perfect con-
tinuous. ‘Made from’ is used to describe the structure of the material.
When the material undergoes a change or transforms from
@ It was 1974, and he had been living in London since its original form, then we use made from. Here the material
1964. is different from what it was originally.
For is used for a time period: @ The paper is made from wood.
@ We have lived in this house for thirty years. @ The beer is made from barley and water.
@ I’ve been waiting here for three hours. Under, below, beneath and underneath
From expresses duration. Under
@ From the 1920s until his death, Picasso lived in Under is also good for talking about layers of something:
France.
@ I have put on a t-shirt under my jacket.
@ The shop is open from 9 A.M on Saturdays.
Under is also used for numbers:
During, while and for
@ I did it in under 7 hours.
During is a preposition which is used before a noun (during
+ noun) to say when something happens. It does not tell us Under also shows up in expressions like:
how long it happened. @ under stress
@ Nobody spoke during the presentation. @ under pressure
@ We get plenty of snow here during the winter. @ under someone’s control
While is used to talk about two things that are happening at Below
the same time. The length of time is not important.
Below to talk about the level of something, like a tem-
@ The phone rang while I was watching TV. perature:
@ I met him while we were studying in the library. @ It’s supposed to drop below freezing tonight.
For is a preposition which is used with a period to say how In writing, “below” can also be used to talk about something
long something goes on: later on:
@ Simran has been sleeping for 8 hours. @ Please read the instructions below before you begin.

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Beneath Off shows always shows disconnection.
Beneath is more formal than “under”: @ Take off your hat.
@ In the unlikely event of an emergency water landing, @ Stay off nuts for a few months.
you may find a flotation device beneath your seat
Between, among and amongst
cushion.
Between is used when naming distinct, individual items.
Beneath can also suggest being covered by something:
@ The negotiations between Brazil, Argentina, and Chile
@ Beneath the blankets
are going well.
Beneath is used to talk about the true emotions that a person
@ He had to choose between a bicycle and a bike, a
is hiding:
pair of sneakers, and a new backpack for his birthday
@ Beneath it all, he still loves her. present.
Underneath Among is used when the items are part of a group, or are not
“Underneath” has a kind of casual and expressive feeling. specifically named (must be 3 or more).
You can choose “underneath” instead of “under” to explain @ The negotiations among the countries of South
the location of something with a little more emphasis. America are going well.
@ My bag was underneath the sofa. @ I found myself among the wealthy.
Above and Over While among and amongst are both prepositions, meaning
Above is used to show Overhead, upstairs, or in the sky. in the midst of, surrounded by, in the company of, or in as-
sociation with.
@ The show ended with a display of fireworks above the
park. @ A Northeasterner amongst Southerners.

@ It is used to show higher in quantity or number. @ They are always fighting amongst themselves.

One hundred is above ninety one. To and towards

Above is also used to indicate a higher rank. To is normally used with a verb showing movement and
shows the result of the movement the place or person that
@ Mr. Pratap is working above Mr. Gambhir. the movement was towards or in the direction of.
Over, unlike above, implies movement from one location @ She is going to the market.
or position to another. That is to say; it always indicates a
path of motion. The preposition towards has a similar meaning, but it’s not
exactly the same: with towards, the direction of the move-
@ We also use over when the object referred to in a ment is shown, but not the result.
sentence touch or cover the other.
@ He was walking towards his office.
@ She put her hand over my mouth to keep me quite.
Across and along
Over is also used with numbers.
Along often refers to movement in a linear direction. This
@ They have been together for over twenty years. preposition is used to describe something or someone that
@ He gets over hundred fan mails every day. is moving in one direction
Of and off @ We drove along a narrow lane.
Of shows connection. @ Tom and Jerry walked along the beach.
@ The hat is made of cotton. @ Vehicles sped along in both directions on the narrow road.
Of shows an amount/quantity. Across also indicates a movement, but this movement is from
one side to another to the other side.
@ I eat a handful of popcorn.
@ The little girl ran across the road, ignoring her
Of shows the relationship between the two. mother’s warnings.
@ Sarah is a friend of Ramesh. @ The pond was small enough to jump across.
Of is used with consisting. @ It nearly took him one hour to swim across the
@ He gave her a ring of gold. river.

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Some frequently used phrasal verbs:

Phrasal Verb Meaning

abide by To respect or obey a decision, a law or a rule
blow up 1. To explode 2. To get angry
boil down to To be summarized as
boot up To start a computer by loading an operating system or program
break away To separate from a crowd
1. To go out of order, cease to function
break down
2. To lose control of one’s emotions
break into To enter by force
break out To start suddenly
break out of To escape from a place by force
break up To come to an end (marriage, relationship)
bring up To raise (a child)
brush up on To improve, refresh one’s knowledge of something
bump into To meet by chance or unexpectedly
1. stop (something) working
burn out
2. become exhausted from over-working
call back To return a phone call
call off To cancel
calm down To become more relaxed, less angry or upset
carry on To continue
1. To do something as specified (a plan, an order, a threat)
carry out
2. To perform or conduct (test, experiment)
check in To register at a hotel or airport
1. To pay one’s bill and leave (a hotel)
check out
2. To investigate
clam up To refuse to speak
clamp down on To act strictly to prevent something
1. To find by chance
come across
2. To appear, seem, make an impression
come forward To present oneself
count on To rely or depend on (for help)
cut down on To reduce in number or size
cut out 1. To remove using scissors 2. To stop doing something

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Phrasal Verb Meaning

deal with To handle, take care of (problem, situation)
die down To calm down, become less strong
do without To manage without
drag on To last longer than expected
draw up To write (contract, agreement, document)
dress up wear elegant clothes
drop in To visit, usually on the way somewhere
drop off 1. To deliver someone or something 2. To fall asleep
drop out To leave school without finishing
ease off To reduce, become less severe or slow down (pain, traffic, work)
end in To finish in a certain way; result in
end up To finally reach a state, place or action
fall through To fail; doesn’t happen
figure out To understand, find the answer
fill out To complete (a form/an application)
find out To discover or obtain information
focus on To concentrate on something
get along (with) To be on good terms; work well with
get at To imply
get away To escape
get by To manage to cope or to survive
get in To enter
get into (+noun) To enter
get off 1. To leave (bus, train, plane) 2. To remove
get on To board (bus, train, plane)
get on with (something) To continue to do; make progress
get on (well) with (somebody) To have a good relationship with
get out To leave
get out of To avoid doing something
get over To recover from (illness, disappointment)
get rid of To eliminate
get together To meet each other
get up To rise, leave bed
give in 1. To cease opposition; yield 2. To To hand in; submit
give up To stop doing something
go through To experience

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Phrasal Verb Meaning

grow up To spend one’s childhood; develop; become an adult
hand in To submit (report, homework)
hand out To distribute
hang out To spend time in a particular place or with a group of friends
hang up To end a phone conversation
hold on 1. To wait 2. To grip tightly
hurry up To be quick, act speedily
iron out To resolve by discussion, eliminate differences
join in To participate
1. To engage in, become a member of
join up
2. To meet and unite with
keep on To continue doing something
keep up with To stay at the same level as someone or something
kick off To begin, start
leave out To omit, not mention
let down To disappoint
look after To take care of
look down on To consider as inferior
look on To be a spectator at an event
look for To try to find something
look forward to To await or anticipate with pleasure
look up to To admire
make fun of To laugh at/ make jokes about
make up To invent (excuse, story)
mix up To mistake one thing or person for another
move in To arrive in a new home or office
move out To leave your home/office for another one.
nod off To fall asleep
own up To admit or confess something
pass away To die
pass out To faint
pay back To reimburse
put off To postpone, arrange a later date
put on To turn on, switch on
put out To extinguish
put up To accommodate, give somebody a bed

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Phrasal Verb Meaning

pick up To collect somebody
point out To indicate/direct attention to something
rely on To count on, depend on, trust
rule out To eliminate
run away To escape from a place or suddenly leave
run into To meet by accident or unexpectedly (also: bump into)
run out of To have no more of something.
set off To start a journey
set up To start a business
shop around To compare prices
show off To brag or want to be admired
show up To appear/arrive
shut up (impolite) To be silent, stop talking
sit down To take a seat
stand up To rise from a sitting position
stick up for To defend
take after To resemble, in appearance or character
take care of To look after
take off To leave the ground
take on To hire or engage staff
take out To remove; extract
tell off To reprimand/criticize severely
think over To consider
try on To wear something to see if it suits or fits
turn down To refuse
use up To finish a product (so that there’s none left)
watch out To be careful
wear out 1. To become unusable 2. To become very tired
1. To do physical exercise
work out
2. To find a solution or calculate something

wipe off To clean (board, table).

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exercise
Q.1-10. The sentences given below, have four parts, Q.14. Rahul told Priya, (1)/ that he inserted (2)/ a needle
indicated by (1), (2), (3) and (4). Read each sentence among the (3)/ close petals of a flower, because he
to find out whether there is an error. If you find an wanted to make a garland with it. (4)/ No Error (5)
error in any part [(1), (2), (3) or (4)] of a sentence, Q.15. In conjunction with a state of (1)/ emergency the
then choose the corresponding option. If a sentence President (2)/ might also impose temporary (3)/ direct
has no error, mark your answer as (5), i.e. ‘No presidential rule for a union republic. (4)/ No Error (5)
error’. Q.16. As per the recent reports (1)/ and press releases
Q.1. While in a meeting, Shipra (1)/ said to Sai that you (2)/ Niharika claims that (3)/ he attacked on her
can’t (2)/ move me with my decisions (3)/ with without any provocation. (4)/ No Error (5)
your logic. (4)/ No Error (5) Q.17. While presented before the Principal (1)/ Anam told
Q.2. Last year when he came (1)/ to the village he that Srishti is (2)/ neither ashamed nor sorry for
himself noticed (2)/ that during drought the cattle (3)/ her misdeeds and that she is very upset about
was (3)/ perished by starvation. (4)/ No Error (5) it. (4)/ No Error (5)
Q.3. Knowing all my flaws inside out, (1)/ I found that Q.18. The design of (1)/ this bungalow is (2)/ different
the given directives (2)/ are useful for me for (3)/ and inferior to that of (3)/ other house, as per the
success in exam. (4)/ No Error (5) Main Architect. (4)/ No Error (5)
Q.4. I have noted (1)/ his appeal to doctors (2)/ to desist Q.19. She told Ishanvi (1)/ that the snake hissed (2)/ and
by industrial action (3) in their current impasse. attacked her,(3)/ but I still stood unmovingly, then
(4)/ No Error (5) it crawled away. (4)/ No Error (5)
Q.5. Since the roads were closed (1)/ during the storm, Q.20. The man was someone you (1)/ could depend at
my family (2)/ had to subsist to biscuits and (3)/ and (2)/ was always willing to lend (3)/ a helping
canned meats for three days. (4)/ No Error (5) hand. (4)/ No Error (5)
Q.6. I personally will remain (1)/ indebted for her for Q.21-30. The sentences given below, have three blanks,
some of (2)/ the most wonderful and memorable indicated by (1), (2), (3) and (4). Read each sentence
shows (3)/ I have seen in Egypt. (4)/ No Error (5) to find out whether there is an error. If you find an
Q.7. According to Parag, (1)/ the harsh lights and error in any part [(1), (2), (3) or (4)] of a sentence,
cameras (2)/ were hardly conducive in (3)/ a then choose the corresponding option. If a sentence
relaxed atmosphere. (4)/ No Error (5) has no error, mark your answer as (5), i.e. ‘No
Q.8. Having taken all the consultative sessions, (1)/ he error’.
knows he's not supposed to (2)/ dwell in what was Q.21. She passed away (i) _____ six o'clock (ii)
or agonize (3)/ about what might be. (4)/ No Error _____ the evening (iii) _____ Monday.
(5) Q.22. (i) _____ the afternoon, there's a great film (ii) ____
Q.9. After the bomb blast, (1)/ the panicked crowd TV and a comedy programme (iii) ______ night.
trampled at (2)/ the poor girl, resulting in (3)/ Q.23. Rajan stopped (i) _____ his house to borrow a raincoat
numerous broken bones. (4)/ No Error (5) (ii)_____ the middle (iii) _____ a storm on Monday.
Q.10. The decision-making process (1)/ must comply of Q.24. (i) _____ your father’s opinion, you can rely
(2)/ these prerequisites to result (3)/ in a decisive (ii)_____ him to come (iii) _____ evening.
policy. (4)/ No Error (5) Q.25. Reema saw him looking (i) ______ some CD (ii)
Q.11-20. The sentences given below, have four parts, indicated _____ the library (iii) _____ Tuesday.
by (1), (2), (3) and (4). Read each sentence to find Q.26. Radhika posted his father’s parcel (i)___ the Main
out whether there is an error. If you find an error Post Office (ii) ___ Mall Road ___ coming back
in any part [(1), (2), (3) or (4)] of a sentence, then from tuition.
choose the corresponding option. If a sentence has Q.27. The wire won't fall (i) ______ because I have
no error, mark your answer as (5), i.e. ‘No error’. twisted it (ii) _______ that post to keep it (iii)
Q.11. Some residents of Alaska suffer with (1)/ cabin _____ position.
fever when they (2)/ remain indoors throughout Q.28. Ramesh was woken up (i) _____ the sound of the
(3)/ the long, snowy winters. (4)/ No Error (5) TV (ii)_____ my brother's room which was (iii)
Q.12. According to the survey report, (1)/ there should _____ a bit high volume.
be (2)/ a lot of progress on (3)/ the next century. Q.29. She was lying injured (i) _____ the road (ii) _____
(4)/ No Error (5) a fall (iii) _____ her scooty.
Q.13. We set off on foot (1)/ and walk for an hour (2)/ Q.30. They were shocked (i) _____ the way (ii) _____
before we manage to flag (3)/ a taxi down on the which she reacted (iii) _____ someone calling her
crossroads. (4)/ No Error (5) 'chubby'.

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Explanation
Q.1.(3) Replace “with” with “from”, because ‘move from’ Q.22. (i) In (ii) on (iii) at
–one’s determination. ‘In the evening/morning/afternoon’ is the correct
Q.2.(4) Replace ‘perished by’ with ‘perished with’ because idiomatic usage.
‘perish with’- hunger.
‘On’ is used to indicate the surface.
Q.3.(3) Replace “useful for” with “useful to”, because
‘At night’ is the correct idiomatic usage.
‘useful to’- person and ‘useful for’-thing.
Q.4.(3) Replace “desist by” with “desist from”, because Q.23. (i) at (ii) in (iii) of
desist takes ‘from’ with it. Stop ‘at’ certain place is correct.
Q.5.(3) Replace “to” with “on”, because ‘subsist’ takes ‘In the middle of (-something)’ is the correct
‘on’ with it. idiomatic usage.
Q.6.(2) Replace “indebted for” with “indebted to”, be- Q.24. (i) in (ii) on (iii) by
cause ‘indebted to’-someone ‘for’ something is
‘In-someone’s opinion’ is correct idiomatic error.
correct.
Q.7.(3) Replace ‘conducive in’ with ‘conducive to’, be- Rely takes ‘on’ with it.
cause ‘conducive’ takes ‘to’ with it. ‘By evening’ means before evening.
Q.8.(3) Replace “dwell in” with “dwell on”, because Q.25. (i) at (ii) in (iii) on
‘dwell on’ means dwell on the past or ‘brooding Looking ‘at’-seeing something carefully.
over’.
‘In’ is used before a place.
Q.9.(2) Replace “trampled at” with “trampled on”, be-
cause ‘trample’ generally takes ‘on’ with it. ‘On’ is used before ‘Week Days’.
Q.10.(2) Replace “comply of” with “comply with”, because Q.26. (i) at (ii) in (iii) while
‘comply’ takes ‘with’ with it. ‘At’ is used before comparatively small places.
Q.11.(1) Replace ‘suffer with’ by ‘suffer from’, because ‘In’ is used before larger places.
‘suffer’ takes ‘from’ with it.
‘While’ shows ‘a period of time’.
Q.12.(3) Replace ‘on the next century’ with ‘in the next
century’, because 'months/years/centuries and Q.27. (i) off/down (ii) round (iii) in
long periods' take ‘in’. ‘Fall off’- separated and ‘Fall down’- lie down,
Q.13.(4) Replace ‘on the crossroads’ with ‘at the cross- both are correct.
roads’, because before points we use ‘at’. ‘Round’- so as to encircle (someone or something).
Q.14.(3) Replace ‘among’ by ‘between’, between can be ‘In position’ is a phrase which means something
used for more than two entities only if they are is in its correct or usual place or arrangement.
‘closely associated’.
Q.28. (i) by (ii) in (iii) at
Q.15.(4) Replace ‘Rule for’ with ‘Rule over’, rule over a
country is correct . ‘By’ is used to show some that the work is done
through some agent.
Q.16.(4) Remove ‘on’ after ‘attack, because preposition is
not used generally after ‘Transitive verbs’. ‘In’ is used before places.
Q.17.(3) Ashamed takes ‘of’ with it so add ‘of’ after ‘At’ is used to show some specific point.
‘ashamed’. Q.29. (i) on (ii) after (iii) from
Q.18.(3) Different takes ‘from’ after it, so use ‘different ‘On’ is used to show a part of the surface.
from and inferior to’.
‘After’ shows ‘in the time following’.
Q.19.(5) The given sentence has no error .
‘From’ shows the separation from something.
Q.20.(2) The correct usage of preposition is ‘depend upon’,
so replace ‘depend at’ with ‘depend upon’. Q.30. (i) at (ii) in (iii) to
Q.21. (i) at (ii) in (iii) on ‘Shocked at’ something is correct, as shocked/
‘At’ is used before certain point of time. laughed/amused generally take ‘at’ after them.
‘In the evening/morning/afternoon’ is the correct ‘In which’ here shows the way.
idiomatic usage. React ‘to’-something/someone’s remark is correct
‘On’ is used before ‘Week Days’. usage.

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CHAPTER

9 ADJECTIVES

Definition of an adjective: @ -some: awesome, handsome, lonesome, wholesome

An adjective describes or modifies a noun. It provides further Many adjectives also end with -y, -ary, -ate, -ed, and -ing.
information about a noun, indicating things like size, shape, However, nouns and adverbs can end with -y. Many nouns
colour, and more. Adjectives can modify pronouns as well. end with -ary. Nouns and verbs also end with -ate. And verbs
can also end in -ed and -ing. To work out if a word is an
For example: adjective or not, look at its location in a complete sentence.
orange, quick, happy, and perfidious are adjectives because
Types of adjective
they can describe things—an orange hat, the quick puppy, a
happy face, a perfidious person. (1) Quantitative Adjective: more, all, some, half, more
than enough etc.
They answer questions like, “Which one?,” “How many?,”
“Whose?,” and “What kind?” (2) Qualitative Adjective: colour, size, smell etc.
@ It’s an ancient story. (age) (3) Possessive Adjective: my, his, their, your etc.
@ It’s a Portuguese dish. (origin) (4) Interrogative Adjective: which, whose, what etc.
@ It’s a blue handbag. (colour) (5) Distributive Adjectives: each, every, either, neither
etc.
Also, when an item is defined by its purpose, that word isn’t
usually an adjective, but it acts as one with the noun in that (6) Demonstrative Adjective: this, that, those, these etc.
situation. (7) Numerical Adjective : six, one hundred and one etc.
@ anger management 1. Quantitative Adjectives
@ cab driver Quantitative adjectives describe the quantity of something.
@ Kite seller In other words, they answer the question “how much?” or
“how many?” Numbers like one and thirty are this type of ad-
Identification of Adjective jective. So are more general words like many, half and a lot.
In English language, there’s likely an exception for every @ How many children do you have? I only
rule. Certain adjectives end with these suffixes- have one daughter.
@ -ic/-ical: pragmatic, hypnotic, magical, scientific @ Do you plan on having more kids? Oh yes, I
@ -ine: libertine, asinine, equine, feminine, masculine want many children!
@ -ile: ductile, futile, fertile, virile @ I can’t believe I ate that whole cake!

@ -able/-ible: abominable, penetrable, illegible, com- Adjectives talk about specific traits, qualities, or features –
bustible in other words, they are used to discuss attributes. There are
different kinds of attributive adjectives:
@ -ous: cautious, vigorous, strenuous, rigorous
2. Qualitative Adjectives
@ -al: educational, diagonal, legal, neo-liberal
Qualitative adjectives such as real, perfect, best, interest-
@ -an: Australian, Mexican, urban ing, beautiful or cheapest can indicate value or talk about
@ -ar: cellular, stellar, , vulgar subjective measures.
@ -ent: reverent, potent, intermittent, frequent Size and shape adjectives talk about measurable, objective
@ -ful: handful, powerful, tasteful, thoughtful qualities including specific physical properties.
@ small, large, square, round, poor, wealthy, slow
@ -ive: informative, native, talkative
Age adjectives denote specific ages in numbers, as
@ -less: careless, endless, homeless, timeless
well as general ages.

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@ old, young, new, five-year-old @ Whose — Asks who something belongs to.
Colour adjectives are exactly what they sound like – Other question words, like “who” or “how,” aren’t adjectives
they’re adjectives that indicate colour. since they don’t modify nouns. For example, you can say
@ pink, yellow, blue. “whose coat is this?” but you can’t say “who coat?”
Origin adjectives indicate the source of the noun, Which, what and whose are only considered adjectives if
whether it’s a person, place, animal or thing. they’re immediately followed by a noun. The word which is
an adjective in this sentence: “Which colour is your favor-
@ American, Canadian, Mexican, French.
ite?” But not in this one: “Which is your favorite colour?”
Material adjectives denote what something is made @ “Which song will you play on your wedding day?”
of.
@ “What pet do you want to get?”
@ cotton, gold, wool
@ “Whose child is this?”
Qualifier adjectives are often regarded as part of a
noun. They make nouns more specific. 5. Distributive Adjectives
@ log cabin, luxury car, and pillow cover. Distributive adjectives describe specific members out of a
group. These adjectives are used to single out one or more
3. Possessive Adjectives individual items or people. Some of the most common dis-
Possessive adjectives show possession. They describe to tributive adjectives include:
whom a thing belongs. Some of the most common possessive @ Each — Every single one of a group (used to speak
adjectives include: about group members individually).
@ My — Belonging to me @ Every — Every single one of a group (used to make
@ His — Belonging to him generalizations).
@ Her — Belonging to her @ Either — One between a choice of two.
@ Their — Belonging to them @ Neither — Not one or the other between a choice of
@ Your — Belonging to you two.

@ Our — Belonging to us @ Any — One or some things out of any number of

choices. This is also used when the choice is irrel-
All these adjectives, except the word his, can only be used evant, like: “it doesn’t matter, I’ll take any of them.”
before a noun. You can’t just say “That’s my,” you have to
say “That’s my pen.” When you want to leave off the noun These adjectives are always followed by the noun or pronoun
or pronoun being modified, use these possessive adjectives they’re modifying.
instead: @ “Every rose has its thorn.”
@ Mine @ “Which of these two songs do you like?” “I don’t
@ His like either song.”

@ Hers 6. Demonstrative Adjectives

@ Theirs A demonstrative adjective describes “which” noun or pro-

noun you’re referring to. These adjectives include the words:
@ Yours
@ This — Used to refer to a singular noun close to you.
@ Ours
@ That — Used to refer to a singular noun far from you.
For example, even though saying “That’s my” is incorrect,
saying “That’s mine” is perfectly fine. @ These — Used to refer to a plural noun close to you.
@ “Whose dog is that?” “He’s mine. That’s my dog. @ Those — Used to refer to a plural noun far from you.
4. Interrogative Adjectives Demonstrative adjectives always come before the word
they’re modifying.
Interrogative adjectives interrogate, meaning that they ask
a question. These adjectives are always followed by a noun Sometimes, when you’re responding to a question, you can
or a pronoun, and are used to form questions. The interroga- leave off the noun being described and only use the adjective.
tive adjectives are: For example, if someone asks you how many cakes you want
@ Which — Asks to make a choice between options. to buy you can respond: “I want to buy two cakes,” or you
can just say: “I want to buy two.”
@ What — Asks to make a choice (in general).
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@ “Which bicycle is yours?” “This bicycle is mine, Degrees of Adjectives
and that one used to be mine until I sold it.” Imagine changing the temperature on your air conditioner. The
7. Numerical Adjectives air conditioner has different degrees of temperature you can
When they’re used in sentences, numbers are almost always select.Adjectives have different degrees, as well.
adjectives. You can tell that a number is an adjective when it The three degrees of an adjective are positive, comparative and
answers the question “How many?” superlative. When you use them depends on how many
@ The stagecoach was pulled by a team of six things you’re talking about:
@ He ate 23 hotdogs during the contest, and was sick ##A positive adjective is a normal adjective that’s used
afterwards. to describe, not compare. “This is good soup” and “I
am funny.”
An ordinal number is an adjective that denotes what place
an object has in a certain order. ##A comparative adjective is an adjective that’s used
to compare two things (and is often followed by the
Example – first , second, third, fourth …………….
word than). “This soup is better than that salad” or “I
A Cardinal number tells us about the number of things. am funnier than her.”
one ,two, three ,four, five………………………. ##A superlative adjective is an adjective that’s used
Ordinal adjective is used before a cardinal adjective. to compare three or more things, or to state that
something is the most. “This is the best soup in the
@ The first two classes went smoothly.
whole world” or “I am the funniest out of all the
@ The first five people were given a surprise gift by the other bloggers.
store.
List of some Regular Adjectives:
Positive Comparative Superlative
white whiter whitest
wide wider widest

wild wilder wildest

blue bluer bluest

bold bolder boldest

bossy bossier bossiest

greedy greedier greediest

gross grosser grossest

guilty guilter guiltiest

wealthy wealthier wealthiest

wet wetter wettest

wise wiser wisest

young younger youngest

Positive Comparative Superlative

ancient more ancient most ancient
beautiful more beautiful most beautiful
brilliant more brilliant most brilliant

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careful more careful most careful
careless more careless most careless
cheerful more cheerful most cheerful
comfortable more comfortable most comfortable
dangerous more dangerous most dangerous
delightful more delightful most delightful
difficult more difficult most difficult
enjoyable more enjoyable most enjoyable
foolish more foolish most foolish
forgetful more forgetful most forgetful
frightening more frightening most frightening
generous more generous most generous
handsome more handsome most handsome
helpful more helpful most helpful
ignorant more ignorant most ignorant
important more important most important

intelligent more intelligent most intelligent

List of some Irregular Adjectives:
Positive Comparative Superlative
good better the best
well(healthy) better the best
bad worse the worst
further the furthest
far
farther the farthest
old (people in a family) elder the eldest
old (general use) older the oldest
Confusing adjectives Little – A little
Many – Much Like few and a few, the little and a little represent nega-
Use much with collective nouns and singular nouns. Use tive and positive quantities.
many with plural nouns. Here’s an example. Always use a little with non-countable nouns. The word
@ Geeta doesn’t have much food. little expresses a negative quantity.
@ Chitra doesn’t have many friends. @ There is a little sauce left for you to eat with the bread.
Few – A Few @ He has been studying this topic for the last three days
A few represents a positive quantity, but it can only be but there is little improvement.
used with countable nouns. @ There is little hope of his survival as his head was
The word few represents a negative quantity or shortage. nearly crushed in the accident.
@ Julie has a few friends although she is new in the city. Farther – Further
@ Julie has few friends although she has been in the city Farther (root word far) is always used for distance, and
for two years. further (think furthermore) means advancement.
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@ How much farther is Delhi from Chandigarh? @ Virat is the better of the two players.
@ I am too tired to walk any farther. Similarly, if the choice is to be made between more than two
Last – Latter- Latest things or persons the superlative degree will be used.
Last is the opposite of first, the latter is the opposite of the The structure will be—
former and the latest means the most recent. …….the + Superlative degree + of the…………
@ Of the two choices, I prefer the latter. @ Harit is the best of all the businessmen in the business
@ The last question was out of the syllabus. world.
@ The latest innovations were mind blowing. @ English is the easiest of all the languages taught in
the school.
Late / lately
Rule 4
Late can be an adjective or an adverb that means after
the correct time. If two qualities are to be compared of the same person or
thing then we don’t use the comparative degree.
@ I’m not hungry because I had a late lunch. (adjective)
Comparative degree is used for comparison between two
@ He slept late and missed his first class. (adverb)
different things or persons. Instead of using the comparative
Hard / hardly degree more and positive degree will be used.
Hard can be an adjective or an adverb. @ Gaurav Shakya is more lucky than hardworking.
@ This book is too hard for me. I can’t read it. (hard is (Correct)
an adjective meaning difficult) Rule 2
@ This mattress is too hard. I can’t sleep. (hard is an In comparative degree- (adjective + er ) + than is used.
adjective meaning opposite of “soft”)
@ Amit is taller than his sister.
@ She’s working hard to finish the project by tomorrow.
Rule 3
(hard is an adverb meaning working intensely)
Article ‘the’ is used before superlative degree as it be-
Hardly has a completely different meaning. It means
comes definite.
“almost not.”
Delhi is the most polluted city of India.
@ We have a bad connection, I can hardly hear you. ( I
almost can’t hear you) Rule 4
Nearest/Next Certain adjectives can’t be used in comparative and
superlative degree, such as-
Nearest is closest in distance. Next means the next in order.
Ideal, everlasting, eternal, triangular, supreme, impossible,
@ The next six months will be the hardest to survive.
absolute, square, round, major, minor, ulterior, universal,
@ The next chapter is a very simple one. complete, entire, chief, extreme, excellent, unique, last and
@ Who’s next in the queue? final.
@ The week after next. Rule 5

Some important rules related to adjective: In those sentences where we wish to state that someone
or something is better or worse than the rest but is to be
Rule 1 taken one at a time any other will be used.
While making comparisons between two things the com-
@ Pranay is taller than any other boy in the class.
parative degree is used and not the superlative degree.
@ English is more interesting than any other subject.
@ She is the richer of the two sisters. (Correct)
Rule 1 Rule 6            Prefer and preferable.
If a choice has to be made between two persons or things the It is used in comparative degree only.
comparative degree will be used. Article ‘the’ will be used We use the preposition ‘to’ with it.
before the ‘comparative degree’ and (of the) will be used
after the ‘comparative degree’. ‘Prefer to’ can be replaced by ‘rather than’.

The structure will be— @ I prefer singing to dancing.

…….the + Comparative + of the………… @ I prefer walking rather than running.
@ Chandigarh is the better of the two cities. Rule 7
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If an adjective is to be used between “as………as” and @ The rich people feel the law can be modified.
“so……….as” the adjective should be in positive degree. @ The blind men walked slowly.
@ As…..as is used to show that something is equally @ There are many plans to provide good farm produce
good or bad. rates to the farmers.
@ Shimla is as cold as Kullu in March. Rule 13
So…….as is used to show something is not as good or With certain adjectives if we add ‘ly’ they become ad-
as bad. verbs.
@ Rampur is not so developed as Lucknow. Adjective   Adverb
Rule 8 Sweet               sweetly
In comparative degree ‘than’ is used. But for adjectives Bad   badly
ending in ‘ior’ than is not used, instead ‘to’ is used, such Polite politely
as- prior, anterior, superior, inferior, junior, senior, pos- Note : But not in every case, when ‘ly’ is added to all the
terior, exterior, interior etc. adjectives they become adverbs such as fast.
@ Sumit was junior to me in college. Rule 14
Rule 9 Adjectives ending in -ly
If two adjectives are being used for the same noun or miserly, friendly. beastly, costly, cowardly, deadly, friendly,
pronoun, the adjective should be in the same degree. likely, brotherly, kingly, leisurely, lovely, lively, wom-
anly, princely, scholarly, silly, ugly and unlikely.
@ India is a great and tolerant country.(Correct)
The following words may be used as both adjectives and
Rule 10
adverbs:
For directions and some other adjectives there is positive Late
and superlative degree only. There is no comparative
degree. @ The engagement ceremony is in the late evening.
(Adjective)
POSITIVE SUPERLATIVE @ He arrived late. (Adverb)
DEGREE DEGREE With other verbs like seem, like, look, prove, make, keep,
1 Top Topmost grow, get, turn, be and become the adjective is used instead
of the adverb.
2 Center Centermost
@ Kanak proved it right.
3 Right Rightmost @ It is rightly said that hard work leads to success.
4 Bottom Bottommost Fast
@ Modern man leads a fast life. (Here the adjective fast
5 Northern Northernmost modifies the noun life.)
Rule 11 @ Antul drove the car fast. (Here the adverb fast modifies
The same word can be an adjective in a sentence and the verb drove.)
a noun in another sentence. For certain words that are Straight
mostly used as nouns if they are used as an adjective in a
sentence they can’t be used in the plural form. @ Don’t expect to get a straight answer from Mani. (Here
the adjective straight modifies the noun answer.)
@ The table cloth was washed, ironed and spread on the
table. @ Sarika went straight home. (Here the adverb straight
modifies the verb went.)
Table is a noun but here it is used as an adjective. So tables
can’t be used but table will be used. Just
Rule 12 @ Priya just left. (Adverb)
There are certain adjectives if we use ‘the’ before them @ God is just. (Adjective)
they will become plural common noun, as the adjective
becomes a noun.

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exercise
Q.1-25. In the following questions, a sentence is divided Q.10. Marginalized communities are often the most (1)/
into four parts. Read each part of the sentence to vulnerable to natural disasters and have fewer (2)/
find an error, if any. If no error is found, mark resources to adapt to change conditions, (3)/making
your answer as ‘No error’. them most affected by climate change.(4)
Q.1. The hot summer sun beat down (1)/mercilessly on (1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3
the scorching desert (2)/sands, making the already (4) 4 (5) No error
unbearable (3)/heat even most intensely unbearable. Q.11. In this era of information overload, it's (1)/imperative
(4) to exercise a high degree of critically (2)/thinking
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 and discernment to ensure that we're (3)/not falling
(4) 4 (5) No error prey to misinformation or propaganda.(4)
Q.2. The volatile economy experienced frequency fluc- (1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3
tuations (1)/in the stock market and currency (2)/ (4) 4 (5) No error
exchange rates, making it difficult for (3)/investors Q.12. The rigorous screening process that many (1)/banks
to make sound financial decisions.(4) use to vet loan applicants (2)/helps to ensure that only
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 the more (3)/creditworthy borrowers are approved
(4) 4 (5) No error for financing.(4)
Q.3. The worse part of the economy (1)/was the high un- (1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3
employment rate, which (2)/made it hard for people (4) 4 (5) No error
to (3)/find work and make ends meet.(4) Q.13. The new model of the smartphone (1)/is far more
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 superior to its predecessor, (2)/boasting advanced
(4) 4 (5) No error features such as facial (3)/recognition and improved
Q.4. The alarming trend of rising homelessness in many battery life.(4)
(1)/cities is a stark reminder of the growing (2)/gap (1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3
between the rich and poor, and the (3)/urgent need (4) 4 (5) No error
for most effective social welfare programs.(4) Q.14. Too much of this ballast, and the (1)/ship will wal-
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 low in the river, (2) /endangering the crew and most
(4) 4 (5) No error importantly the (3)/cargo if the ship were to capsize.
Q.5. The complex issue of immigration policy has sparked (4)
(1)/intense debate and controversy, with many argu- (1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3
ing (2)/for more open borders and others advocating (4) 4 (5) No error
(3)/for more strict controls to protect national secu- Q.15. The reason is both to avoid (1)/unfair competition,
rity.(4) and a wish (2)/to have market economy instead of
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (3)/ plan economy as more as possible.(4)
(4) 4 (5) No error (1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3
Q.6. The most rampant issue of gender inequality (1)/has (4) 4 (5) No error
long plagued our society, (2)/with women facing Q.16. The heavy fighting in the Battle (1)/of Britain had
discrimination and oppression (3)/in many aspects eaten up more (2)/of Fighter Command's resources,
of their lives.(4) so there (3)/was little investment in night fighting.
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4)
(4) 4 (5) No error (1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3
Q.7. Modern banking systems have become (1)/increas- (4) 4 (5) No error
ingly complex and sophisticated, (2)/requiring a high Q.17. A Flemish string can be twisted (1)/far more than an
degree of (3)/technically expertise and regulatory endless (2)/loop type, so brace adjustment (3)/for this
compliance.(4) style of string (4)/has a more greater range.(4)
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3
(4) 4 (5) No error (4) 4 (5) No error
Q.8. The Jordan flows into the lake (1)/and then exits it Q.18. The antique, wooden, strong chest had (1)/been
before ending (2)/in the Dead Sea, the saltiest (3)/ passed down through generations, its (2)/sturdy con-
and the lower point on land.(4) struction and beautiful craftsmanship a (3)/testament
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 to the skill of its makers.(4)
(4) 4 (5) No error (1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3
Q.9. While polyphonic tones were better than (1)/mono- (4) 4 (5) No error
tones, they still sounded most (2)/like an old video Q.19. The crisp, autumn air was (1)/invigorating, with a
game than (3)/the music they were patterned after. chill that (2)/tingled the nose and the promise (3)/of
(4) cozily sweaters and warm drinks.(4)
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3
(4) 4 (5) No error (4) 4 (5) No error
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Q.20. In the end, our fundamental challenge is to (1)/be- Q.23. While the number of competing clubs (1)/was down
come better individuals, and technology offers few on last year's entry (2)/the competition was, neverthe-
help (2)/on that front; it is up to each one (3)/of us less, keen (3)/with some most excellent individual
to solve that for ourselves.(4) scoring.(4)
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3
(4) 4 (5) No error (4) 4 (5) No error
Q.21. Payment terms are much closer to (1)/those of Q.24. Learning the many different conjugations (1)/of
Amazon and least favorable (2)/than those they of- Spanish irregular verbs is (2)/possibly the more dif-
fer to more (3)/established publishers via Lightning ficult part (3)/of learning Spanish for most students.
Source.(4) (4)
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3
(4) 4 (5) No error (4) 4 (5) No error
Q.22. The longer the evacuees remained in (1)/centers, the Q.25. The site was one of many sites (1)/launched by ALP
more dependent they (2)/would become, and the hard pollies throughout the year,(2) /but this one was more
(3)/readjustment would be to make.(4) definitely (3)/ahead of the rest of the pack.(4)
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3
(4) 4 (5) No error (4) 4 (5) No error
Explanation
Q.1.(4) ‘more’ should replace ‘most’ as it is compared Q.14.(3) ‘more’ should replace ‘most’ as it shows
with the previous situation. comparison between crew and cargo.
Q.2.(1) ‘frequent’ should replace ‘frequency’ as an Q.15.(4) ‘much’ should replace ‘more’ as positive degree
adjective is required to qualify noun (fluctuations). is used with ‘as….as’ structure.
Q.3.(1) ‘worst’ should replace ‘worse’ as it is comparing Q.16.(2) ‘most’ should replace ‘more’ as it is used in sense
all the parts of the economy. of majority of (most of) here.
Q.4.(4) ‘more’ should replace ‘most’ as it is being compared Q.17.(4) ‘much’ should replace ‘more’ as greater is itself a
with previous state. comparative degree so ‘much’ an adverb is to be
used.
Q.5.(4) ‘stricter’ should replace ‘more strict’ as it is a
Q.18.(1) ‘strong’ should be placed before ‘wooden’ as
possible comparative degree form of strict.
order of adjective used is quantity, opinion, size,
Q.6.(1) ‘rampant’ should replace ‘most rampant’ as no age, shape, colour, origin, material and purpose/
comparison is being done here. qualifier of the noun being described.
Q.7.(4) ‘technical’ should replace ‘technically’ as an Q.19.(4) ‘cozy’ should replace ‘cozily’ as an adjective
adjective is required here to qualify a noun. qualifies the noun here.
Q.8.(4) ‘lowest’ should replace ‘lower’ as superlative Q.20.(2) ‘little’ will replace ‘few’ as it is used for
degree will follow ‘the’ and comparative degree uncountable noun (help).
is used with ‘than’. Q.21.(2) ‘less’ will replace ‘least’ as comparative degree is
Q.9.(3) ‘more’ should replace ‘most’ as comparison of two required before ‘than’.
things is done here. Q.22.(3) ‘harder’ will replace ‘hard’ as comparative degree
Q.10.(2) ‘changing’-present participle should be used in is used in such structures.
place of ‘change’ as we need to use an adjective Q.23.(4) ‘most’ will not be used with excellent as some
to describe the quality of conditions. adjectives do not admit of comparison because
Q.11.(2) ‘critical’ should replace ‘critically’ as an adjective their meaning is already superlative. 'Excellent'
is required to qualify noun ‘thinking’. is one such adjective.
Q.12.(3) ‘most’ should replace ‘more’ as it is comparing Q.24.(3) ‘most’ will replace ‘more’ as the intention here is to
all the loan applicants. convey that it is the most difficult part, superlative
degree is required.
Q.13.(2) remove ‘more’ as it is superfluous here, ‘superior’
Q.25.(3) ‘most’ will replace ‘more’ since one thing is being
and some other words like, junior, senior, etc. is
compared to more things', superlative degree is used.
not used with ‘more/most’.

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CHAPTER

10 CLOZE TEST
A cloze test is a kind of exercise under which a passage is theme of the paragraph is clear, it becomes much easier to
given with some words missing from it. fill in the blanks.
It is a pure combination of fill in the blanks and reading Link the sentences together: You must never forget that it
comprehension. Therefore, it is very important to understand is a passage, so the sentences are linked to one another. Try
the theme, context and tone of the given passage. to find out the clue of their connectivity and never make a
A passage of cloze test has a defined structure, logical pat- mistake of understanding any sentence as an individual one.
tern and chronological order which helps in maintaining a Assessment of word to choose: Observe the blanks care-
unified tone throughout. In order to solve cloze test passage fully and try to judge which kind of word to put in the blank.
questions, proficiency in English Language is a must. Words may be based on grammar, prepositions, tenses,
Here are some points suggested to attempt cloze test: vocabulary etc.

Read the passage thoroughly: You must read the given Get the tone: The given passage may contain some kind of
passage thoroughly and attentively to get the idea about the specific tone like narrative, critical, sarcastic, humorous etc.
passage. Accordingly choose the word to fill in.

Read slowly: While reading the passage you should not hurry Elimination: Most of the times the given options are very
in order to gain an understanding of the passage. Once the close to decide, in that case prefer elimination of wrong
choices which can help.
Keep Practicing & Keep Learning

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exercise level - 1
The fashion industry accounts for 10 percent of
EXERCISE- 1
global carbon _________ (A) more than the aviation
Q.1-5. In the following passage, some blanks are given and shipping industries combined. The demand
and against each blank five alternative words for clothing and other fashion goods is increasing
are suggested. Choose the correct alternative at a rapid rate. Several factors are contributing to
to complete the passage in a meaningful way. the growth of the fashion industry. The world’s
The elections might be over — sordid, controversial growing middle class, rising globalization, change
and ________(A) as they have been. It is also in consumer habits (Now, more and more people
very clear that Imran Khan is Pakistan’s next prefer to wear fashionable outfits), and promotion
Prime Minister. Whether his wife’s prophecy of of fashion goods by social media influencers
Pakistan entering a golden era will come true or are some of the reasons for the _______ (B) of
not in Naya Pakistan will depend, to start with, the fashion industry. The growth of the fashion
on how the Prime Minister-designate handles the industry is good for the economy because it is
immediate expected ____________(B) from the creating plenty of jobs and also fetches revenue
political parties which have lost. Mr. Khan, till now for governments. But at the same time, the
the __________(C) candidate and opposition leader, burden on the environment is also increasing
will have to mature to be a more ____________ because most fashion goods are not eco-friendly.
(D) influence on government and on his many The world would be a boring place without fashion.
first-time, overly enthusiastic Ministers who are But we have to protect the environment too to
inexperienced in ____________(E) , much like preserve the earth for future generations. So, the
himself. Probably the considerable influence of the solution for this is Sustainable Fashion. Sustainable
military and the judiciary on him will go a long way fashion comes in many ways such as buying eco-
in helping this. Or, perhaps, the current Mrs. Khan’s friendly clothes, repairing and reusing the clothes
visions will now guide his and the country’s future. we already have, swapping or donating clothes to
Q.1. Choose the correct option for (A). prevent them from ending up in landfills (circular
(1) noted (2) rigged (3) restraint fashion), __________ (C) fashion goods, buying
from brands that ensure employees work in safe
(4) sustained (5) sorted
conditions and earn fair wages (ethical fashion),
Q.2. Choose the correct option for (B). taking clothes for rent to wear in ceremonies
(1) stillness (2) corollary (3) cause instead of buying them etc. Globally, people were
(4) backlash (5) commencement regularly using eco-friendly clothes. But fast
fashion, which means the mass production of cheap
Q.3. Choose the correct option for (C). and poor-quality clothing replaced eco-friendly
(1) compassionate (2) kind clothing and became the _______ (D). As a result,
(3) quiet (4) exotic the fashion industry accounts for 10 percent of
global carbon emissions more than the aviation and
(5) vitriolic.
shipping industries combined. Now, as people are
Q.4. Choose the correct option for (D). more __________ (E) of the effects of their actions
(1) autonomous (2) updated on the environment, the sustainable fashion market
(3) endeavouring (4) sobering is expected to grow.
(5) exasperating. Q.6. Choose the correct option for (A).
Q.5. Choose the correct option for (E). (1) gaseous (2) emissions (3) absorption
(1) modesty (2) subordination (4) diffusion (5) solutions.
(3) extension (4) sustenance Q.7. Choose the correct option for (B).
(5) governance. (1) silence (2) corollary (3) control
(4) boom (5) buzz.
EXERCISE- 2
Q.8. Choose the correct option for (C).
Q.6-10. In the following passage, some blanks are given
and against each blank five alternative words (1) wasting (2) downcycling (3) removing
are suggested. Choose the correct alternative (4) unbinding (5) upcycling.
to complete the passage in a meaningful way.
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Q.9. Choose the correct option for (D). methods. Until policy feedback at the level of the
(1) autonomous (2) hype farmer is taken into account, one might expect this
atmospheric ballet to carry on __________ (E).
(3) myth (4) norm
Q.11. Choose the correct answer for (A).
(5) change.
(1) concise (2) snappish (3) tardy
Q.10. Choose the correct option for (E).
(4) full-body (5) robust.
(1) modest (2) careless (3) clueless
Q.12. Choose the correct answer for (B).
(4) noxious (5) conscious.
(1) judgements (2) intuitions
EXERCISE- 3
(3) solaces (4) insights
Q.11-15. In the following passage, there are blanks each
(5) acuity.
of which has been numbered. These numbers are
given below the passage and against each five Q.13. Choose the correct answer for (C).
words have been suggested, one of which fits the (1) pertinent (2) determined
blanks appropriately. Find out the appropriate (3) curtained (4) dictated
word in each case.
(5) both (2) and (4).
There is no __________ (A) experimental evidence
in reducing stubble burning via behavioural Q.14. Choose the correct answer for (D).
interventions (although there are a few in subsidy (1) entail (2) dispatch (3) dispose
schemes). One of the key __________ (B) from (4) induce (5) effectuate.
existing studies is that a social network can help in
Q.15. Choose the correct answer for (E).
reducing information constraints and create new
social norms. When it comes to technology adoption (1) intervened (2) obstructed
(such as the use of the Happy Seeder machinery), (3) unhindered (4) ceaselessly
creating farmer networks and intervening with (5) both (3) and (4).
capacity building and targeted information delivery
can help. Malawian farmers needed to learn from EXERCISE- 4
multiple ‘seed’ farmers (key network influencers) Q.16-20. In the following passage, five words are
before adopting new technologies. When it comes highlighted but the words are not placed at the
to behaviour that is __________ (C) largely by appropriate place. You need to swap the words
existing social norms (a status quo), collective with the suitable ones.
bonuses have also been helpful in encouraging As is universally understood now, the pandemic’s
environmentally sustainable behaviour (especially most visible impact on white-collar work
if subsidies are integral to technology adoption). has been the dramatic increase in employees
Farmer producer organizations or cooperatives working simultaneously (P). While normalcy
already in place could be tasked with monitoring may moderate this trend, there is consensus that
and implementing such an intervention. Thus, it is here to stay. But what may finally prove to be
a farmer wishes to__________ (D) the stubble more disruptive are complementarity flexibilities,
quickly and burning is the fastest way to deal for example in work contracts. In what could set
with this. Offering small, time-limited discounts a trend among large corporates in India, HUL
to farmers helps: the timing of the subsidies (and has launched ‘U-Work’ and ‘Open2U’ offers to
their framing as discounts) therefore might make a employees and gig (Q) workers respectively,
difference to whether or not farmers decide to take providing different combinations of flexi-
it up. The same applies to converting stubble to work, financial security and medical benefits.
fuel or energy; if services can be offered to farmers From the corporate point of view this flexi-curity
to manage stubble so that they are timed to align is key to the talent pool that has sinister (R) the
with harvesting patterns, then it may be more taken 40-40-40 model, whereby office workers wanted
up. If stubble burning needs to stop, it is clear that to be employed for 40 hours a week, 40 weeks
bans, incentives, and targeted subsidies may be a year, for 40 years. The enduring rigidity of
useful to varying degrees but unable to wholly that model has been blamed for India’s failures
resolve the problem. Behavioural measures can be to either attract investment away from China or
combined with subsidies or other incentives aimed grow formal employment. Remotely (S), the
at a subset of farmers and tested using experimental white-collar tech and managerial segments, the
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unicorns and ‘soonicorns’ have seen a real war for the number of networks that can be connected,
talent. It follows that the new flexi-curity will also handling up to a trillion Internet of Things
simultaneously sound attractive and outgrown terminals, which will enable machines and
(T), depending on where one stands in the ‘wanted’ humans in a factory to communicate with each
list of the white-collar job market. other seamlessly, making the business more
Q.16. Which of the following words is appropriate at efficient and reducing the possibility of error.
place (Q)? 5G in banking will bring much-needed financial
inclusion to India’s rural and remote populations, for
(1) P
whom access to a physical bank is not possible. With
(2) R the help of 5G, payments will become simpler and
(3) S faster, fuelling further adoption of digital payments
(4) No replacement required by customers and merchants. The government will
be able to improve its governance and give a boost
(5) T. to its digital India lethargy (S), which aims to
Q.17. Which of the following words is appropriate at ensure the government’s services are made available
place (R)? to citizens electronically, making the country
(1) P (2) Q (3) T digitally empowered in the field of technology.
5G can transform telemedicine services. It
(4) S (5) No replacement required..
will become possible to provide healthcare
Q.18. Which of the following words is appropriate at services to rural and remote areas of our country.
place (P)? Patients will be able to connect virtually with
(1) Q doctors and other health care providers using
(2) R telehealth technology, allowing them to receive
assistance in their time of need. Smart farming
(3) No replacement required
will be possible in agriculture for our farmers,
(4) T who will be able to easily manage and track their
(5) S. livestock using smart sensors and GPS technology.
Q.19. Which of the following words is appropriate at According to the National Employability Report,
place (S)? only 3% of Indian engineers have skills related to
AI, Machine Learning, etc. Due to the lack of skilled
(1) Q (2) P (3) R manpower, India may not be able to utilize the full
(4) T (5) No replacement required.. potential of 5G technology and might even miss the
Q.20. Which of the following words is appropriate at opportunities of Industrial Revolution 4.0. Due to
place (T)? lack of fibre infrastructure, India faces poor quality
(1) R (2) Q (3) P of service and call drop issues, which indicate the
country’s low investment in fibre and backend
(4) S (5) No replacement required.. (T) infrastructure, which is used for getting data
EXERCISE- 5 to a point from which it can be distributed over
Q.21-25. In the following passage, there are some bold a network. Only 20% of towers in India are
words which may or may not be appropriate in the backhauled, compared with 80% in countries like
context of the passage. If the highlighted word is the US, China, and Korea.
incorrect and needs improvement, choose any one Q.21. Choose the correct option for (P)
of the options given below. But if the given word (1) suspension (2) illusion
is correct and requires no change then mark (5) (3) segregation (4) inclusion
i.e. 'no change required' as your answer.
(5) No change required..
The low latency of 5G will enable the scrapping
(P) of education in remote areas of India, where Q.22. Choose the correct option for (Q)
children will be able to access good quality (1) push (2) feedback (3) lag
education at home without any network lead (4) swag (5) No change required..
(Q) between them and their favourite tutor. Also, 5G
Q.23. Choose the correct option for (R)
will make it possible to use new age technologies
like AR and VR for more insubstantial (R) learning (1) regressive (2) immersive (3) soporific
in schools and colleges. 5G will vastly increase (4) conflictive (5) No change required..

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Q.24. Choose the correct option for (S) Q.25. Choose the correct option for (T)
(1) initiative (2) procedure (1) protocol (2) backhaul
(3) derivative (4) directives (3) marshal (4) overall
(5) No change required.. (5) No change required..
Explanation level - 1
sharply.
EXERCISE 1
Tardy (adj.) – late
Q.1.(2) Rigged (adj.) - Manage or conduct (something)
Q.12.(4) Insight (n) – an accurate and deep understanding.
fraudulently so as to gain an advantage.
For other options-
For other options:
Intuition (n) – the ability to understand something
Restraint (n) - a measure or condition that keeps
instinctively, without the need for conscious
someone or something under control.
reasoning.
Q.2.(4) Backlash (n) - A strong negative reaction by a Solace (n) – comfort or consolation in a time of
large number of people, especially to a social or great distress or sadness.
political development. Acuity (n) – sharpness or keenness of thought,
For other options: vision, or hearing.
Corollary (n) - a direct or natural consequence or
Q.13.(5) Dictate (v) – control or decisively affect;
result.
determine.
Q.3.(5) Vitriolic (adj.) - Filled with bitter criticism or For other options-
malice. Pertinent (adj.) – relevant or applicable to a
Q.4.(4) Sobering (adj.)-Make or become more serious, particular matter; apposite.
sensible, and solemn. Curtain (v) – conceal or screen.
For other options: Q.14.(3) Dispose (v) – get rid of by throwing away or
Endeavour (v) - try. giving or selling to someone else.
Q.5.(5) Governance (n) - The action or manner of For other options-
governing a state, organization, etc. Entail (v) – involve (something) as a necessary or
For other options: inevitable part or consequence.
Sustenance (n) - the process of making something Induce (v) – succeed in persuading or leading
continue to exist. (someone) to do something.
EXERCISE 2 Effectuate (v) – put into force or operation.
Q.6.(2) Emissions (n) - That which is emitted or sent out; Q.15.(5) Unhindered, ceaselessly means without any
issue. obstruction, stoppage or disturbance.
Q.7.(4) Boom (n) - a period in which something increases For other options-
or develops very quickly Obstruct (v) – prevent or hinder.
For other options: Intervene (v) – take part in something so as to
Corollary (n) - a direct or natural consequence or prevent or alter a result or course of events.
result. EXERCISE 4
Q.8.(5) Upcycling (n) - The act of converting (waste Q.16.(4) Gig (n) - a job, especially one that is temporary or
materials, etc.) into new materials or products of that has an uncertain future.
higher quality and greater functionality. Q.17.(3) Outgrow (v) - grow too big for
Q.9.(4) Norm (n) - That which is regarded as normal or For other options:
typical. Sinister (adj.) - giving the impression that
Q.10.(5) Conscious (adj.) - Aware of one's own existence; something harmful or evil is happening or will
aware of one's own awareness. happen.
For other options: Q.18.(5) Remotely (adv.) - from a distance; without
Noxious (adj.) - harmful or poisonous. physical contact.
EXERCISE 3 For other options:
Simultaneously (adv.) - at the same time.
Q.11.(5) Robust (adj.) – strong and healthy; vigorous.
For other options- Q.19.(2) Simultaneously (adv.) - at the same time.
Snappish (adj.) – irritable and inclined to speak For other options:

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Remotely (adv.) - from a distance; without Q.23.(2) Immersive (adj.) - providing, involving, or
physical contact. characterized by deep absorption or immersion
Q.20.(1) Sinister (adj.) - giving the impression that in something (such as an activity or a real or
something harmful or evil is happening or will
artificial environment).
happen.
For other options: For other options –
Outgrow (v) - grow too big for. Soporific (adj.) - tending to induce drowsiness or
EXERCISE 5 sleep.
Q.21.(4) Inclusion (n) - the action or state of including or Q.24.(1) Initiative (n) - the ability to assess and initiate
of being included within a group or structure.
things independently.
For other options-
Segregation (n) - the action or state of setting Q.25.(2) Backhaul (n) - the physical part of a
someone or something apart from others. communications network between the central
Q.22.(3) Lag (n) - A gap, a delay; an interval created by backbone and the individual local networks.
something not keeping up; a latency.
exercise level - 2
based on the ancient Chinese cosmology which
EXERCISE- 1
identifies and ____________ (E) the opposing
Q.1-5. In the following passage, some blanks are given and interdependent forces of Yin and Yang to
and against each five words are suggested to fill form a symbiosis, a gestalt larger than the sum
in the blank. You have to choose a pair of words of its parts.
which can appropriately be filled in the blank.
Q.1. Choose the correct option for (A).
The dynamics of democracy might be likened to the
A. avid B. abutments
Newtonian axiom that every action has an equal
and opposite reaction. A similar interaction of C. attainments D. arrangements
opposing forces to enhance rather than undermine E. buttresses
stability is seen in the field of architecture, in (1) Both A & C (2) Both B & E
forms such as the cantilever bridge, the gothic (3) Both B & D (4) Both C & E
arch and the flying ____________ (A) of
(5) Both A & B
medieval churches. What holds true for political
democracy, the striking of a balance between Q.2. Choose the correct option for (B).
opposing forces, is equally valid for the far A. ranges B. eschew C. ensnare
larger system of all existence. To ____________ D. dicker E. capture
(B) the illusion of three-dimensional reality (1) Both A & C (2) Both B & E
on the two-dimensional surface of a painting, (3) Both B & D (4) Both C & E
artists use the technique of chiaroscuro,
(5) Both A & B
the ____________ (C) of light and darkness, to
create the effect of depth and dramatic impact. Q.3. Choose the correct option for (C).
Such artifice reflects not only the world of A. juxtaposing B. mixing
phenomena as experienced through sense C. avenue D. setback
perception, but also an underlying reality on E. juncture
which this world is imprinted, as a painting is on
(1) Both A & C (2) Both B & E
the canvas that underlies it. Hegel saw history as
a dialectic, the interaction between the opposition (3) Both B & D (4) Both C & E
of one consciousness against another. This idea (5) Both A & B
was taken by Marx – who claimed that he’d found Q.4. Choose the correct option for (D).
the German Transcendentalist standing on his A. utility B. gospel C. revere
head and put him the right way up – and adapted D. principle E. derivative
to formulate his own theory which his followers
(1) Both A & C (2) Both B & E
encapsulated into the Communist mantra of thesis
vs antithesis equals synthesis. Some might claim (3) Both B & D (4) Both C & E
that the ____________ (D) of Marxism is itself (5) Both A & B

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Q.5. Choose the correct option for (E). Q.6. Which of the following phrases is appropriate at
A. reconciles B. consisted place (P)?
C. settles D. ordains (1) Q (2) R (3) S
E. contradict (4) T (5) No replacement required.
(1) Both A & C (2) Both B & E Q.7. Which of the following phrases is appropriate at
(3) Both B & D (4) Both C & E place (Q)?
(5) Both A & B (1) P (2) R (3) S
(4) T (5) No replacement required.
EXERCISE- 2
Q.8. Which of the following phrases is appropriate at
Q.6-10. In the following passage, five phrases are
place (R)?
highlighted but they are not placed at the
appropriate place. You need to swap the phrases (1) P (2) Q (3) S
with the suitable ones. (4) T (5) No replacement required.
I believe that the mental fitness required for success Q.9. Which of the following phrases is appropriate at
as a top competitor is largely formed in childhood. place (S)?
As children, our errors of both judgment and action (1) P (2) Q (3) R
are (P) respond with a teaching moment or with (4) T (5) No replacement required.
severe discipline. Our teachers and parents may Q.10. Which of the following phrases is appropriate at
exhibit love or disdain for our actions. They may (Q) place (T)?
met with a wide range of responses. What may be
(1) P (2) Q (3) R
needed, instead, is training in the skills that enable
young people to control their thoughts and emotions— (4) S (5) No replacement required.
skillsets that empower them to become tactical EXERCISE-3
when faced with adversity, to become calculating Q.11-14. In the following passage, four highlighted phrases
when surprised by unanticipated events, to become are given, these phrases may or may not be
cunning when attacked, and to be mindful at all times. appropriate as per the context of the passage.
The mature athlete brings to the game his or her life Against each highlighted phrase, four phrases
story of success and failure, which often needs to are suggested below, read the passage carefully
be accommodated rather than built upon. It should and choose the option in order to replace the
be (R) recognized that an early introduction highlighted phrase, if found incorrect, else choose
to mindfulness—often expressed simply as the ‘No change required’.
ability to put a pause between the brain and the
Starvation is a very deadly (A) government which
tongue—may determine our overall success in life.
fails to help the underprivileged when they need it
Mindfulness deserves skilful childhood training;
most. India and starvation have been going hand in hand
an education that should continue throughout one’s
for a very long time. It is so because the people living
life. This is possible. We enroll our children in
below the poverty line in India are very high. Moreover,
all kinds of afterschool activities: from religious
starvation is a cause of so many deaths every year that
schooling to arts and crafts, from sports camps
it needs to be stopped. We must recognize the causes of
to computer programming sessions. But where
starvation in India so that we can work better to eradicate
do they go to get the type of mental training that
them. Furthermore, when we (B) all need to come
allows them to respond skilfully? Apparently
together to eradicate this issue completely. There are
not from team sports, which are often (S) taken
a number of causes due to which starvation happens in
from my observations of professional athletes.
our country. First, we will look at the regions hit most
Coaching in individual sports certainly addresses
by this condition. The areas of North Bengal, Jharkhand
the mental game, but it often comes too late. One
and Madhya Pradesh suffer the most in this aspect. The
of the key lessons I have (T) filled with violence
most important reason is that of poor implementation
and exhortations to hit harder and get psyched
of government schemes. The government of India (C)
up and their equanimity (or lack of it), is the
services and technology will require a more skilled
importance of sophisticated, intuitive, and careful
and educated workforce; but unfortunately, there is a
coaching of children. Their initial approach to sport
very poor implementation of these. Corruption makes
will be imprinted in their psyches forever. When
it difficult to let these schemes become a success.
mindfulness is taught in the beginning, all else is
Moreover, the officials who are appointed with
coachable.
distributing grains or monitoring this procedure have
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the least interest in the welfare of the people. Thus, it (5) No change required.
makes (D) it impossible to make an adequate supply EXERCISE-4
of food available to people. Furthermore, the state does
Q.15-19. In the following question, a passage with five
not exactly specify which people come under the ‘poor’
blanks has been given. Choose the appropriate
sector. While the National Food Security Bill promises
phrase for each blank from the given options to
to offer people facilities like mid-day meals and health
make the passage meaningful.
care schemes for pregnant women, it does not specify
who is eligible for this. Therefore, this vague description Over the past decade, the media and entertainment
often contributes to the failure of such well-intended industry has undergone a revolution. The demand for
schemes. streaming media skyrocketed with the proliferation
of smartphones and the accessibility to the internet.
Q.11. Choose the correct option for (A)
The OTT wave gave it further momentum by
(1) in India has been calculated at an impressive offering on-demand content, based on individual
nine or ten per cent. preferences. Evolving technologies, consumer
(2) which is believed that, in economic terms, society preferences, and even _______________ (P)
got a very low rate of return. _______________, making it the most preferred
(3) problem at bay which we must be talking about. medium of content consumption for viewers
(4) condition which results in malnutrition and even across the country. While there were only two
loss of life OTT providers in 2012, today there are over
(5) No change required. 40. Boston Consulting Group predicts that the
OTT content market is at an inflection point
Q.12. Choose the correct option for (B)
in India, likely to reach $ 5bn in size by 2023.
(1) won’t know what their rights are, they will fail Connected TVs, often referred to as a smart TV,
to ensure its execution. are becoming increasingly popular. As per the
(2) eradicate starvation, we will also be ending a lot ‘India CTV Report 2021 – Mapping Connected TV
of problems (CTV) Viewership in India and the Opportunities
(3) do not raise a voice against the corruption of for Brands’ report, 78 percent of respondents own
such officials, the issue exists. a smart TV and 93 percent of these smart TV
(4) do not go for the appropriate solution in these users access internet-based content. This reflects
cases, it shows a lack of awareness. a growing trend of viewers _______________
(Q) _______________ subscriptions
(5) No change required
to streaming or VOD formats.
Q.13. Choose the correct option for (C) While everything has changed about broadcasting
(1) must work to feed people so that there are no and television viewing, the core remains the same
deaths due to starvation – broadcasting is a storytelling business. There’ll
(2) ensure their schemes are being implemented always be an audience for a good story! The market for
properly by honest officials OTT is nascent, and for traditional broadcasters in the
(3) has released numerous schemes which aim to transition phase, this is good news. The opportunity
eradicate this problem. lies in understanding these changes and adapting to
(4) has made the problem seem less urgent than it. Broadcasting is (and has always been) a complex
it actually is, and allowed people to through and challenging process. Creating and distributing
difficult times. video content at scale needs many elements
to work together – transmission technologies,
(5) No change required
licensing fees, delivery mechanisms and more
Q.14. Choose the correct option for (D) – _______________ (R) _______________. For a
(1) noises about doubling spending on education, very long time, the process of broadcasting remained
and a host of new colleges and universities unchanged, with no significant innovations in
(2) the Earth producing more than enough food for operational workflows or systems. Viewership
the existing amount of people was predictable and advertising revenues flowed
(3) serious changes at a time when things seem to in, helping broadcasters generate revenue.
be going very well The internet brought about a change in this behavior,
(4) the need for skilled workers was increasing, impacting the business model of the industry. From
India was devoting relatively fewer resources to consuming content on a common family television
producing them set, viewers started using personal viewing devices.

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The internet reached the far corners of rural (4) making traditional broadcasting hardware-
areas. _______________ (S) _______________ To dependent and capital-intensive
serve these new consumer preferences, new models (5) all of the above
were pioneered by the likes of YouTube and Netflix. Q.18. Choose the correct phrase for (S).
Today’s consumers are cancelling TV subscriptions
(1) The choices are varied and so are the tastes and
and showing higher preference for streaming TV
preferences of viewers.
in favour of ‘personalized’ content and ‘on-the-
go’ culture. The traditional model was ‘one to (2) Those travelled across the country, preferred the
many’ – a fixed technology providing a fixed set of easily available content online.
content that viewers consumed. But OTT changed (3) Young consumers across the country viewed
the game, placing viewers in the driver’s seat and videos while commuting or traveling.
giving them the power to shift gears as and when (4) Streaming online became a necessity owing to
they want. Viewers can now choose what they external factors
want to watch, any time they want to watch it. (5) Both (2) and (3)
The media and entertainment industry has been
Q.19. Choose the correct phrase for (T).
built around the audience, and the fragmentation
of consumer behavior needs new business and (1) Broadcasters have gained momentum after
technology models. Broadcasters need to adopt catering to new users
an operating model that helps them effectively (2) It can never be assessed how a prospective buyer
cater to consumer demands, rather than the would be.
traditional capex model, which is limited and (3) Setting up of a parameter for a specific audience
inflexible in scope and scale. _______________ could be done.
(T) _______________. Hence, new operating (4) New consumer behaviors are unpredictable.
models need technology that can provide the type (5) Both (2) and (4)
of infrastructure that mirrors the new consumption
patterns. EXERCISE-5
Q.15. Choose the correct phrase for (P). Q.20-24. In the following passage, there are blanks each
of which has been numbered. These numbers are
(1) external factors like the onset of the Covid-19
given below the passage and against each five
pandemic impacted the streaming wave
words have been suggested, one of which fits the
(2) those services who weren’t of use anymore blanks appropriately. Find out the appropriate
(3) abundance of OTT platforms has always word in each case.
remained present While factors like vaccine availability ____________
(4) the drastic effect of covid-19 led to its (A) played a large role in this success, we’ve seen
shortcoming coming into fore that vaccination rates have often been constrained
(5) none of the above by sluggishness amongst the populace rather than
Q.16. Choose the correct phrase for (Q). a scarcity of vaccines. The UK overcame this by
(1) disrupting their traditional viewing experiencing incorporating two key ____________ (B) from
while also dissing behavioural economics: the default effect is
powerful and choice architecture matters.
(2) wanting to return to the place where they were
comfortable cancelling The default effect captures how people like to
stick with the default option. The ____________
(3) discarding their traditional cable and satellite
(C) cause of this is the cost of decision-making:
subscriptions in favour of
even if someone wants to get vaccinated, it is costly
(4) discussing the upturn in the trend of traditional to think about when they would be free to set an
platforms appointment, for instance. Instead, they remain
(5) Both 1 and 3 with the default: no appointment. It is important
Q.17. Choose the correct phrase for (R). to ____________ (D) that this cost matters. To get
(1) making broadcasting unchanged and unaffected vaccinated in India, you had to log on to an online
portal, fill out a form, and provide details of your
(2) needing people who work round the clock,
identity documents or wait in line for hours.
increasing the output
In the UK, however, the National Health Service
(3) showcasing that broadcasting already has
contacted every citizen personally, inviting them
efficient capital enablers
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to book their appointment through a link or phone calls, emails, and letters to invite people to take the
number. Those that did not respond got a follow- vaccine. Don’t fall victim once more to the default
up phone call offering assistance. The UK tried effect.
to disable the default effect by ____________ Q.20. Choose the correct option for (A) and (B).
(E) contacting citizens and changing the choice (1) shockingly, invitations
architecture, simplifying the decision by offering
(2) certainly, implements
instant support. Changing choice architecture has
proven immensely helpful with organ donation (3) doubtfully, unawareness
drives, which are ____________ (F) similar to (4) indubitably, insights
vaccine drives. An Ipsos survey tells us that in India, (5) undoubtedly, intact
74% of people are willing to donate their organs; Q.21. Choose the correct option for (C) and (D).
however, according to the WHO, fewer than 0.1%
(1) secondary, avert
actually do. Once more, we can point to the default
effect to explain this. (2) leading, acknowledge
India, like many other countries, operates an opt-in (3) preening, reject
system where people must ____________ (G) agree (4) primary, recognize
to donate their organs, typically while applying (5) both (2) and (4)
for a driving license. The tick-box to confirm your Q.22. Choose the correct option for (E) and (F).
consent is empty at first, establishing a default (1) breezily, eminently
option - no - for those who are in a rush or simply
(2) surreptitiously, sinking
don’t want to think about it too much. Even if
everyone would like to donate their organs, many (3) proactively, strikingly
end up not ticking the box for one reason or another. (4) privy, prominently
Understanding the power of choice architecture, (5) Both (2) and (3)
countries like Colombia and Wales have switched Q.23. Choose the correct option for (G) and (H).
from a system where citizens opt-in to donate organs
(1) explicitly, consent
after death to a system where people can opt-out.
After Wales switched from opt-in to opt-out in 2015, (2) imperatively, convict
there was an increase in ____________ (H) rates (3) implicitly, disdain
from 58% to 77% over four years. (4) serendipity, conviction
By modifying how a choice is presented, we can (5) expectedly, dissect
preserve autonomy while ____________ (I) people Q.24. Choose the correct option for (I) and (J).
towards a public goal such as disease immunity. (1) jiving, impasse
Now that booster shots are becoming increasingly
(2) pushing,trivial
important with the onset of the Omicron variant, it
is ____________ (J) that we learn from the past. In (3) coaxed, impale
this case, behavioural economics informs us that if (4) knitting, important
you want to increase vaccination rates, you should (5) nudging, imperative
make it as easy as possible for them. Use phone
Explanation level - 2
Q.3.(5) Juxtapose (v) - place or deal with close together for
EXERCISE 1
contrasting effect, mix
Q.1.(2) Buttress (n): a structure of stone or brick built
For other options-
against a wall to strengthen or support it.
Avenue (n) - a way of approaching a problem or
Abutment (n) - a structure built to support the lateral
making progress towards something.
pressure of an arch or span, e.g. at the ends of a bridge.
For other options- Setback (n) - a reversal or check in progress.
Avid (adj.) - having an eager desire for. Juncture (n) - a particular point in events or time.
Q.2.(4) Ensnare (v) - catch in or as in a trap. Q.4.(3) Gospel (n) - a set of principles.
For other options- For other options-
Eschew (v) - deliberately avoid using. Derivative (n.) - something which is based on
another source.
Dicker (v) - engage in petty argument or bargaining.
Utility (n) - usefulness.
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Q.5.(1) Reconcile (v) - settles. Option 4, is not appropriate as it is saying that
For other options- government is trying to hide the intensity of the problem.
Ordain (v) - order (something) officially. Q.14.(5) The first option is completely out of context as it
is talking something about education, whereas the
EXERCISE 2
passage is based on ‘starvation’.
Q.6.(1) Phrase P when joined says ‘are respond’ which
The second options is conveying a positive message,
makes no sense whereas swapping P with Q makes
whereas the last line is complaining about the
the passage meaningful.
personnel related to food distribution.
Q.7.(1) Phrase P when joined says ‘are respond’ which
Option 3 is not getting contextually connected.
makes no sense whereas swapping P with Q makes
the passage meaningful. If we try to put options 4, it is not suitable on the
basis of meaningful sentence formation as ‘was
Q.8.(5) The phrase is both contextually and grammatically
increasing’ is mentioned.
apt in the context of the sentence.
Q.9.(4) After joining phrase T with the passage, it means ‘I EXERCISE 4
have filled with violence and exhortations’ which is Q.15.(1) Option 2 says those services were of no use but the
incorrect but if we swap S with T, both the phrases passage contradicts the fact. Option 3 says that there
fit in contextually. have always been many OTT platforms which haven’t
Q.10.(4) After joining phrase T with the passage, it means ‘I anywhere been referred to the passage and if it is
have filled with violence and exhortations’ which is there, why would it be in a demand and same is the
incorrect but if we swap S with T, both the phrases case with option (4) which says that the shortcomings
fit in contextually. have come into light and if this has happened, why
would people like it? Hence, option 1 is most suited
EXERCISE 3 as per the context as it means that the beginning
Q.11.(4) Option 1 can be cancelled on the basis of grammar, of covid forced people to stay inside their houses
simply we can check it. ‘Article a’ is given before which is why people preferred watching content
‘very deadly’ it means definitely we have a noun after online.
‘deadly’ which we are not getting through option 1.
Q.16.(3) Option 1 contradicts the theme of the passage which
Option 2, we have two reasons to cancel this option,
favors the OTT services and the option 2 disregards
first is the same that is given for option 1 and the
it. Similarly, Option 2 and 4 are saying that people
second is, the different context (related to economy
are choosing traditional platforms over VOD formats
and rate of return) mentioned in it.
whereas the passage says that maximum people
Options 3, ‘at bay’ means ‘away or far’ but we are are now smart TV users accessing internet-based
saying that starvation is very deadly, it means it is felt content.
by almost all, so how it is away and point of concern
Q.17.(4) Option 4 only suits the theme of the passage and
Option 5, We need a change because according to
continues the sense which has been mentioned in
the given phrase ‘starvation’ is ‘government’ which
the paragraph that the broadcasting needs a lot of
is completely illogical.
hardware and money to be put in.
Q.12.(2) Through the phrase ‘when we’ it is clear that it
Q.18.(5) Both options 2 and 3 mention that people online
is putting a condition followed by an action, so
content which was readily available and easily
in this way the given phrase looks incomplete.
accessible when they weren’t at their homes. Options
Option 3 is completely different, as it is talking about
1 and 4, while relevant, seem out of place as they do not
‘such officials’ it means the officials discussed earlier.
continue the sense of the line before the blank which
Option 4 is completely different, as it is talking
was about the reach of the internet.
about ‘these cases’ it means the cases discussed
Q.19.(5) Both the options 2 and 4 convey that the consumer
earlier, but no case is mentioned anywhere.
behavior is always unpredictable and hence they
Q.13.(3) Since ‘The government of India services and
both connect to the theme of the passage.
technology’ does not any proper sense, option 5
can’t be opted. EXERCISE 5
Option 1 looks appropriate, but at last ‘these’ is Q.20.(4) Indubitably (adv.) - undoubtedly.
mentioned, which indicates that, which means some Insight (n) - the capacity to gain an accurate and
plural entity should be used earlier, hence incorrect. deep understanding of someone or something.
Again option 2 also can be eliminated on the For other options:
basis of grammar, ‘ensure’ plural verb is not fit Intact (adj): not damaged or impaired in any way;
for the singular subject ‘government of India’. complete
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Q.21.(5) Leading (adj.) - most important; primary. Q.23.(1) Explicitly (adv.) - in a clear and detailed manner,
Acknowledge (v) - accept or admit the existence or leaving no room for confusion or doubt.
truth of; recognize. Consent (n) - permission for something to happen
For other options- or agreement to do something.
Preen (v) - congratulate or pride oneself. For other options-
Avert (v) - turn away (one's eyes or thoughts). Imperatively (adv.) - importantly
Implicitly (adv.) - completely.
Q.22.(3) Proactively (adv.) - by taking action to control a
Serendipity (n) - calmness
situation rather than just responding to it after it has
Convict (n) - a person found guilty of a criminal
happened.
offence and serving a sentence of imprisonment.
Strikingly (adv.) - in a way that attracts attention by
Dissect (v) - analyse in detail
reason of being unusual, extreme, or prominent.
Q.24.(5) Nudge (v) - coax or gently encourage (someone) to
For other options- do something.
Breezily (adv.) - in a happy and relaxed way. Imperative (adj.) - important.
Eminently (adv.) - greatly. For other options-
Surreptitiously (adv.) - secretively. Impasse (n) - dead end.
Privy (adj.) - hidden. Trivial (adj.) - unimportant.
Prominently (adv.) - to a large extent. Impale (v) - transfix or pierce with a sharp instrument.

PREVIOUS YEAR PAPER QUESTIONS

(BASED ON MEMORY)
Q.1-5. In the following passage there are blanks each of taking natural hydrology of the area into account.
which has been numbered. These numbers are Developments have been allowed without any
given below the passage and against each five regard for the carrying capacity, and without the
words have been suggested, one of which fits the requisite infrastructure of sewage, drainage and
blanks appropriately. Find out the appropriate roads. Town planners have to be taken seriously.
word in each case. The incidence of extreme rainfall events is expected
(SBI PO PRE 2019) to increase with climate change. As the pace of
_______ (D) picks up, the country needs to build
The above-normal monsoons, though great news
cities and towns that are resilient. Rural India’s
for the agrarian economy, have exposed the near-
capacity to handle the extreme weather events too
total absence of planning that has marked India’s
needs to be _______ (E). Planning works, as Orissa
urbanization process, and efforts to adapt to flooding
has shown, after the cyclone damage of 1999.
of monsoon-fed rivers in rural areas. India cannot
join the ranks of the developed nations without Q.1. Choose the correct option for (A)
learning to manage, and not just cope with, floods. (1) Executing (2) Managing (3) Irrigating
_______(A) excess water requires proper assessment, (4) Surplus (5) Flooding
planning and appropriate engineering. Monsoon-fed
Q.2. Choose the correct option for (B)
rivers are prone to flooding during the rainy season,
therefore planning should focus on how best to (1) Capture (2) Obstruction (3) Filibuster
utilize the water and allow the surplus to drain away (4) Expedite (5) Improve
without causing damage. Build irrigation canals that Q.3. Choose the correct option for (C)
_______ (B) the overflow. Do not allow construction
that hinders drainage of surplus waters. Improved (1) Solved (2) Improved (3) Alleviated
river management systems can help regulate water (4) Rankled (5) Exacerbated
flows, create early warning systems, to prevent Q.4. Choose the correct option for (D)
damage to life and property. But it is the increased (1) Irrigation (2) Urbanisation (3) Drainage
incidence of urban flooding that exposes the absence
of planning resulting in mal-development. Excess (4) Hindrance (5) Cyclone
rains are a problem in part because cities and towns Q.5. Choose the correct option for (E)
are paved, hindering the natural flow of water. This (1) Abridged (2) Razed (3) Intensify
problem is _______ (C) by building towns without (4) Augmented (5) Turgid

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Q.6.-10. In the following passage, there are blanks each of which Q.6. Choose the correct answer for (A).
has been numbered. These numbers are given below (1) concise (2) snappish (3) tardy
the passage and against each five words have been
(4) full-body (5) robust
suggested, one of which fits the blanks appropriately.
Find out the appropriate word in each case. Q.7. Choose the correct answer for (B).
(IBPS PO PRE 2019) (1) judgements (2) intuitions (3) solaces
There is no __________ (A) experimental evidence (4) insights (5) acuity
in reducing stubble burning via behavioural
Q.8. Choose the correct answer for (C).
interventions (although there are a few in subsidy
schemes). One of the key __________ (B) from (1) pertinent (2) determined (3) curtained
existing studies is that a social network can help (4) dictated (5) both (2) and (4)
in reducing information constraints and create new Q.9. Choose the correct answer for (D).
social norms. When it comes to technology adoption
(1) entail (2) dispatch (3) dispose
(such as the use of the Happy Seeder machinery),
creating farmer networks and intervening with (4) induce (5) effectuate
capacity building and targeted information delivery Q.10. Choose the correct answer for (E).
can help. Malawian farmers needed to learn from
(1) intervened (2) obstructed (3) unhindered
multiple ‘seed’ farmers (key network influencers)
before adopting new technologies. When it comes to (4) ceaselessly (5) both (3) and (4)
behaviour that is __________ (C) largely by existing Q.11-20. In the following passage there are blanks each
social norms (a status quo), collective bonuses have of which has been numbered. These numbers are
also been helpful in encouraging environmentally given below the passage and against each, five
sustainable behaviour (especially if subsidies are words have been suggested, one of which fits the
integral to technology adoption). Farmer producer blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate
organizations or cooperatives already in place could word in each case.
be tasked with monitoring and implementing such an (NABARD ASSISTANT 2019)
intervention. Thus, a farmer wishes to__________ The budget for 2016-17 ----A---- by the Prime
(D) the stubble quickly and burning is the fastest Minister-led government, regarded as its most
way to deal with this. Offering small, time-limited crucial one, has great potential to be a game changer
discounts to farmers helps: the timing of the for the NDA government. The Modi government has
subsidies (and their framing as discounts) therefore been ----B---- to overcome the mismanagement of
might make a difference to whether or not farmers the economy by the UPA II, which had messed up
decide to take it up. The same applies to converting the telecom, coal and steel sectors, burdening the
stubble to fuel or energy; if services can be offered to banking sector with huge stressed assets. While
farmers to manage stubble so that they are timed to the two scams had adversely ----C---- the first
align with harvesting patterns, then it may be more two budgets presented by Finance Minister, the
taken up. If stubble burning needs to stop, it is clear sequential Non Performing Assets of the banks have
that bans, incentives, and targeted subsidies may greatly strained the budget-making for 2016-17 with
be useful to varying degrees but unable to wholly the Governor of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
resolve the problem. Behavioural measures can be pontificating to the former on the need to cut the
combined with subsidies or other incentives aimed fiscal deficit which is not in the RBI’s domain. The
at a subset of farmers and tested using experimental global headwinds — falling growth and trade and
methods. Until policy feedback at the level of the trembling financial markets — have also forced the
farmer is taken into account, one might expect this government to first ensure that the clouds of global
atmospheric ballet to carry on __________ (E). crisis do not invade India. considering the current
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global and domestic ecosystem, the government Q.13. Choose the correct option for (C)
must be ----D---- for presenting a budget of depth (1) focused (2) impacted (3) resulted
in ideas, reach and responsibility. (4) affects (5) effected
The budget rightly focuses on domestic demand, Q.14. Choose the correct option for (D)
investment and entrepreneurs, and on agriculture
(1) congratulated (2) thanked
and rural areas, ----E---- on infrastructure and job
(3) commenced (4) grants
creation. This is probably the first budget since the
1990s, where the Finance Minister first took up (5) admired
agriculture, farmers and rural issues. The Indian Q.15. Choose the correct option for (E)
reality manifestly informs the budget. (1) besides (2) as (3) since
The allocation to agriculture and irrigation to (4) except (5) even though
execute 23 of the 89 stalled schemes in 2016-17 in
Q.16. Choose the correct option for (F)
order to improve the ----F---- area by almost close
(1) ploughed (2) showered (3) tried
3 million hectares — finally by 8 million hectares in
the next four years — is remarkable. The provision (4) irrigated (5) supplied
for rural roads to reach 65,000 habitations is almost Q.17. Choose the correct option for (G)
three times that of the UPA’s spend. The rural thrust (1) subvention (2) amount (3) application
is again reinforced in the interest ----G---- of `15,000
(4) allocation (5) money
crore for farmers, allocation for farm insurance of
Q.18. Choose the correct option for (H)
`5,500 crore development allocation of over `87,000
crore, electrification of 5,500 villages achieved (1) preferred (2) allocates (3) recommended
and the plan and provision to complete the balance (4) introduce (5) asked
13,000 villages in the next 14 months. Grants of `60 Q.19. Choose the correct option for (I)
lakh for each gram panchayat and `21 crore for each
(1) extending (2) restrict (3) enhanced
municipality, all aggregating to `2.87 lakh crore as
(4) add (5) bringing
----H---- by the 14th Finance Commission will hike
up the rural demand. Q.20. Choose the correct option for (J)
The voluntary surrender of 75 lakh subsidised LPG (1) moving (2) install (3) activating
connections on the call of the Prime Minister by the (4) declare (5) approaching
well-to-do and ----I---- the connections to 1.5 crore Q.21-25. In the following passage there are blanks each
BPL families in next year and to another 3.5 crore such of which has been numbered. These numbers are
families in the next two years is a huge shift of resources given below the passage and against each five
to the poor. The government must be congratulated for words have been suggested, one of which fits the
----J---- 85 per cent of the 70 languishing road projects blanks appropriately. Find out the appropriate
and completing 10,000 kms of roads in 2015-16 and word in each case.
for making the highest ever road kilometres awarded
(RBI ASSISTANT 2020)
in any year in 2015. The total infrastructure spend of
` 2,18,000 crore is a huge leap. A full match usually takes just under an hour. It is
_ (A) to watch even for the unversed spectator. A
Q.11. Choose the correct option for (A)
smooth backhand, the tremble of thudding hooves,
(1) covered (2)discloses(3)unveiled a huddle of beasts and mallets undone with a precise
(4) showed (5) introduces swing, and, in culmination, the rapid, harmonious
Q.12. Choose the correct option for (B) charge of horse and rider. Despite these obvious
(1) struggling (2) focusing (3) explained attractions, however, polo struggles to find a _ (B)
(4) suffered (5) fighting audience in India. The sport must negotiate three

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major _ (C). The first is logistical: A polo field is being lethargic, restless or tired. A healthy and fit
about three times the size of a football field, making person is capable of living the life to the fullest,
it impractical in space-crunched cities. Even cities without any major medical or physical issues. Being
that are building a riding and equestrian culture, such healthy is not only related to the physical well-being
as Pune, don’t have polo-training facilities. Polo is of a person, it also involves the mental stability or
also a/an _ (D) sport. Professional players need to the internal peace of a person.
buy their own horses and be able to pay for their Generally, __________ (C) ___________ eating
upkeep. Nor is it very television-friendly; the game green and fresh vegetables, fruits, having milk,
is extremely fast, and centered on a tiny ball that zips eggs, minerals, proteins and vitamins essential for a
between thundering hooves. _ (E) polo requires an human’s lifestyle. Practicing Yoga including regular
elaborate multiple-camera set-up. exercises in your daily routine also help you maintain
Q.21. Choose the correct option for (A). your desired fitness, blood sugar and immunity level.
(1) Thrilling (2) Upsetting (3) Depressing Healthy habits improve your physical appearance,
(4) Fabulous (5) Discouraging mental stability, ability to perform activities in
a better way, which help you lead a stress-free
Q.22. Choose the correct option for (B).
lifestyle, maintaining happy moods, high energy
(1) Oversize (2) Scanty (3) Meagre
levels, etc. Each individual should take care of one’s
(4) Large (5) Small health on a priority; no single day ___________
Q.23. Choose the correct option for (C). (D) __________ and mental fitness. Being happy is
(1) Benefits (2) Hurdles (3) Hiccups directly related to boosting your mental strength and
health, so happiness is _________ (E) _________.
(4) Advantages (5) Break
Q.26. Choose the correct option for (A)
Q.24. Choose the correct option for (D).
i. the internal feelings and extrinsic response is
(1) Reasonable (2) Precious (3) Expensive
mandatory to be positive
(4) Amusing (5) Valuable
ii. physical and mental composition is slightly
Q.25. Choose the correct option for (E).
significant to obtain the goals
(1) Circulating (2) Showing (3) Suppressing
iii. mind and body helps one maintain the required
(4) Hiding (5) Televising energy level to achieve success
Q.26-30. In the following passage, there are blanks, each iv. one’s body and mind clearly indicates that one
of which has been numbered. These numbers is all set to unearth new facts
are given below the passage and against each,
(1) Only ii (2) Only iii
five words are suggested, one of which fits the
blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate (3) Both iii and iv (4) Both i and ii
word in each case. (5) All except i
(IBPS PO MAINS 2019) Q.27. Choose the correct option for (B)
Being healthy and fit in simple terms means taking i. are some of the important instances that define
good care of the body. We should remember that a a healthy lifestyle
healthy mind resides only in a healthy body. Good ii. do not have such influence that makes a person
health of both ___________ (A) ___________ in life. victorious in his life
All of us must strive to achieve wholesome health.
iii. are getting tougher to bring in habit due to hectic
Protecting your body from the intake of harmful working schedule
substances, doing regular exercises, having proper
iv. play a vital role in making one’s manner of living
food and sleep ____________ (B) ____________.
wholesome.
Being fit allows us to perform our activities without
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(1) Only ii (2) Only iii (3) All except ii blanks appropriately. Find out the appropriate
(4) Both i and iv (5) Only iv word in each case.

Q.28. Choose the correct option for (C) (IBPS CLERK MAINS 2020)

i. due to non-availability of proper resources and In the last few years, the only time street names
money we prefer have mattered, really, is when they are being
changed. And as they are burdened with the —
ii. almost everyone today in the world is skipping
(A) — task of rewriting history and fulfilling the
a healthy diet and regularly
demands of a majoritarian politics, their primary
iii. a healthy diet consists of taking a proper and purpose has been lost. Since the — (B) — of
healthy food which includes Google Maps and other navigation systems on
iv. the nutritious food which must be ingested gets the smartphone, the name of a place is no longer
completely balanced by the marker it once was — a pleasant, if obviously
(1) Only ii (2) Only iii (3) Both iii and iv artificial, voice guides you along the way. A sense
of direction — like the memory for phone numbers
(4) Both i and iv (5) All except iv
— has been outsourced to technology. Now, it
Q.29. Choose the correct option for (D) appears that it’s time to go back to navigating by
i. one should waste without discussing over how direction, not — (C) —.
to gain physical The North Pole, it turns out, is shifting eastwards
ii. any activity related to exercise should not be at an unprecedented pace. About 15 years ago, this
left to get physical would have made little difference to the daily lives
iii. should be skipped for making efforts on of people and even Google Maps — (D) — largely
maintaining physical on satellite imaging, which is mostly unaffected by
iv. one can spend doing tough exercise throughout this shift. But now, in addition to its implications for
the day to obtain physical industries and sectors that depend on the magnetic
north — airports, defence, drilling — it will affect
(1) Only ii (2) Only iii (3) Both iii and iv
smartphones as well. Most contemporary phones
(4) All except ii (5) Only iv have three magnetic sensors that tell the direction the
Q.30. Choose the correct option for (E) user is facing. This — (E) — could be compromised
i. one of the consequences of good health and with the pole shifting, and people would be, quite
competent way of living literally, direction-less.

ii. supposed to be consequentially related to good Q.31. Choose the correct option for (A)
physical condition (1) facile (2) onerous (3) trivial
iii. the most coveted thing for all and sundry for (4) painless (5) simple
earning adequate affluence Q.32. Choose the correct option for (B)
iv. considered as the result as well as the part of a (1) advent (2) departure (3) absence
healthy and fit lifestyle (4) quietus (5) retirement
(1) Only ii (2) Only iii Q.33. Choose the correct option for (C)
(3) Both iii and iv (4) All except iii (1) occupation (2) mutation (3) correction
(5) Only iv (4) dictation (5) promotion
Q.31-35. In the following passage, there are blanks each Q.34. Choose the correct option for (D)
of which has been numbered. These numbers are (1) distrust (2) flaw (3) hikes
given below the passage and against each, five
(4) depends (5) rely
words have been suggested, one of which fits the

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Q.35. Choose the correct option for (E) Q.38. Choose the correct option for (R)
(1) blunder (2) infraction (3) feature (1) obstruction (2) gradient (3) consent
(4) profit (5) benefit (4) acquiescence (5) brake
Q.36-40. In the following passage, there are blanks each of Q.39. Choose the correct option for (S)
which has been numbered. These numbers are given (1) realization (2) starved (3) reserved
below the passage and against each, five words have
(4) scared (5) queer
been suggested. Find out the appropriate word(s)
Q.40. Choose the correct option for (T)
in each case and mark your answer accordingly.
(1) collectively (2) peacefully (3) fiercely
(IBPS CLERK PRE 2021)
(4) candidly (5) bitter
Traditionally, a city guarded itself by ___________
(P) a fortified gate at its entrance. The gate kept Q.41-45. Read the following passage carefully and answer
out foes and let in friends and so was an important the given questions.
security support that allowed inhabitants of the (SBI CLERK PRE 2021)
city to live in safety as a community. The gate During war, petroleum was “as indispensable as blood”
represented the power of the city and stood for in the 20th century. In peace the oil business dominated
justice and security, much the same way as a stock markets, bankrolled despots and ______ (A) up
country protects its borders today. As individuals, the economies of entire countries. But the 21st century
we tend to ‘shut’ our ‘gates’ in defence, when we will see oil’s influence slacken. Cheap natural gas,
feel ___________ (Q) or when we face a difficult renewable energy, electric vehicles and coordinated
situation. When we do open up, we find that it lets efforts to  ______ (B) global warming together mean
in a great deal of freshness and warmth, allowing that the power source of choice will be electricity.
for forging lasting and fulfilling relationships. A gate That is welcome. The electricity era will diminish
can, however, become a/an __________ (R) when the ______ (C) of the $2trn oil trade, reduce the
we shut ourselves in or do not allow others to touch choke points that have made oil a source of global
us or our lives in any way. When we cut ourselves tension, put energy production into local hands
off from societal interaction, we could be paving and make power more _______ (D) to the poor.
the way to stagnation and inner death, __________ It will also make the world cleaner and safer—
(S) of stimulation and engagement. Sometimes we reassuringly dull, even. The trouble is getting
become like impregnable fortresses because we from here to there. Not just oil producers, but
guard the gates of our hearts___________ (T). We everyone else, too, may find the transition perilous.
may have been hurt in life may not be willing to Oil and electricity are a study in contrasts. Oil is a
risk getting into relationships again. How relevant wonder fuel, packed with more energy by weight
are gates in today’s information-communications than coal and by volume than natural gas (both still
rich world, accelerated by the Internet and other the main sources of electricity). It is easy to ship,
technology? Gates are relevant, in a symbolic sense. store and turn into myriad refined products, from
Q.36. Choose the correct option for (P) petrol to plastics to pharmaceuticals. But it is found
(1) relocating (2) emerging only in specific places favoured by geology. Its
production is concentrated in a few hands, and its
(3) installing (4) uproot
oligopolistic suppliers— from the Seven Sisters to
(5) producing
OPEC and Russia— have consistently attempted to
Q.37. Choose the correct option for (Q) drip-feed it on to the market to ________ (E) prices
(1) separated (2) receded high. Concentration and cartelisation make oil prone
(3) threatened (4) fortified to crises and the governments of oil-rich states prone
to corruption and abuse.
(5) blurred

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Q.41. Choose the correct option for (A). does not come around or give in, anger surfaces.
(1) put (2) hamper If we are unable to stay calm at this point, we end
up saying or doing something hurtful to the other.
(3) propped (4) crops
This ____________ (C) and leads to retaliation.
(5) suggest
Soon, what began as a minor disagreement evolves
Q.42. Choose the correct option for (B). into a fight or over time, a long-term ___________
(1) attempt (2) tackle (D). The relationship then suffers. There is another
(3) know (4) scuffle ending to this story; one in which we maintain
harmony within the relationship, and it all begins
(5) believe
with the simple technique of meditation. It can help
Q.43. Choose the correct option for (C).
short-circuit the cycle of anger and _____________
(1) clout (2) pattern (E) and instead instill in us peace and harmony.
(3) focus (4) track Q.46. Choose the correct option for (A).
(5) strike A. lure
Q.44. Choose the correct option for (D). B. harmonious
(1) accessible (2) perishable C. amicable
(3) palpable (4) agreeable D. conspicuous
(5) position E. competent
Q.45. Choose the correct option for (E). (1) Both A and C
(1) made (2) urge (2) Both B and E
(3) keep (4) renew (3) Both B and C
(5) grow (4) Both C and E
Q.46-50. In the following passage, some blanks are given (5) Both A and B
and against each five words are suggested to fill Q.47. Choose the correct option for (B).
in the blank. You have to choose a pair of words
A. cognition
which can appropriately be filled in the blank.
B. versatile
(IBPS PO MAINS 2022)
C. perception
People over the world have tried to crack the code
D. vindication
to long lasting and harmonious relationships.
Yet, if we know where to look, _____________ E. commendation
(A) relationships are not far from our reach. As (1) Both A and C
social beings living in this world, we continually (2) Both B and E
seek harmonious relationships with those around (3) Both B and C
us – our family, our loved ones, friends, co-workers
(4) Both C and E
and neighbors.
(5) Both A and B
No matter what the relationship, at the heart of all
relationship challenges, lies our ____________ (B) Q.48. Choose the correct option for (C).
to handle anger, control our ego and stay calm in the A. Spurn
face of a trying situation. Most problems arise when B. Admonishes
people disagree with each other or have differing C. Fretful
viewpoints about a matter. They may each feel
D. Escalates
they are right and the other party is wrong, and will
E. Intensifies
each try to make their case. When the other party

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(1) Both A and C was shot dead immediately, or else he could have
(2) Both D and E proved more frail (B). Those who measure the
(3) Both B and C size of attacks by the number of casualties know
that such incidents are not small. The intentions
(4) Both C and E
behind it are diabolical. There is a/an belief
(5) Both A and B (C) that more such incidents may happen soon
Q.49. Choose the correct option for (D). because there are other people with such satanic
A. Chaste thoughts. For reactionaries, such incidents act as
B. feud a stimulant.
C. Sullied German interior minister Horst Seehofer recently
D. Rivalry revealed that racist violence had risen by 5.7% in the
past year—the highest jump since Germany started
E. Resurgence
counting such incidents. The government is not able
(1) Both A and C to figure out ways to prevent this epitome (D) and
(2) Both D and E these incidents. As Angela Merkel prepares to leave
(3) Both B and C after 15 years in power, elections are to be wielded
(4) Both B and D (E) later this month.
(5) Both A and B Q.51. Choose the correct option for (A).
Q.50. Choose the correct option for (E). (1) consequence
A. Retaliation (2) session
B. Repercussion (3) restraint
C. Consent (4) sustained
D. Accede (5) No change required
E. Revenge Q.52. Choose the correct option for (B).
(1) Both A and C (1) stillness
(2) Both D and E (2) corollary
(3) Both B and C (3) curable
(4) Both B and D (4) fatal
(5) Both A and E (5) No change required
Q.51-55. In the following passage, few highlighted words have Q.53. Choose the correct option for (C).
been given which may or may not be appropriate in (1) ease
the context of the passage. If the word highlighted
(2) quietude
is incorrect and needs improvement then choose
(3) apprehension
any one option. But if the given word is correct and
requires no change then mark (5) i.e. no change (4) pleasantness
required as your answer. (5) No change required
(RRB CLERK MAINS 2021) Q.54. Choose the correct option for (D).
On Friday, two major events took place. First, (1) virtue
the Taliban was formally crowned the ruler of (2) ideology
Afghanistan. Second, in the quiet city of Auckland (3) endeavor
in New Zealand, a man went on a stabbing spree
(4) uptake
(A) at a supermarket while raising religious
slogans. Thankfully, the cops were present and he (5) No change required

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Q.55. Choose the correct option for (E). Q.56. Which of the following words is appropriate at
(1) held place (P)?

(2) yelled (1) Q

(3) exerted (2) R

(3) No replacement required
(4) flourished
(4) T
(5) No change required
(5) S
Q.56-60. In the following passage, five words are
highlighted but the words are not placed at the Q.57. Which of the following words is appropriate at
appropriate place. You need to swap the words place (Q)?
with the suitable ones. (1) P
(SBI CLERK MAINS 2021) (2) R

As is universally understood now, the pandemic’s (3) S

most visible impact on white-collar work (4) No replacement required
has been the dramatic increase in employees (5) T
working simultaneously (P). While normalcy may Q.58. Which of the following words is appropriate at
moderate this trend, there is consensus that it is place (R)?
here to stay. But what may finally prove to be more (1) P
disruptive are complementarity flexibilities, for
(2) Q
example in work contracts. In what could set a trend
among large corporates in India, HUL has launched (3) T
‘U-Work’ and ‘Open2U’ offers to employees and gig (4) S
(Q) workers respectively, providing different (5) No replacement required.
combinations of flexi-work, financial security and Q.59. Which of the following words is appropriate at
medical benefits. place (S)?
From the corporate point of view this flexi-curity (1) Q
is key to the talent pool that has sinister (R) the (2) P
40-40-40 model, whereby office workers wanted
(3) R
to be employed for 40 hours a week, 40 weeks
(4) T
a year, for 40 years. The enduring rigidity of
that model has been blamed for India’s failures (5) No replacement required.
to either attract investment away from China or Q.60. Which of the following words is appropriate at
grow formal employment. Remotely (S), the place (T)?
white-collar tech and managerial segments, the (1) R
unicorns and ‘soonicorns’ have seen a real war for (2) Q
talent. It follows that the new flexi-curity will also (3) P
simultaneously sound attractive and outgrown
(4) S
(T), depending on where one stands in the ‘wanted’
(5) No replacement required.
list of the white-collar job market.

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PREVIOUS YEAR PAPER ANSWERS

(BASED ON MEMORY)
Q.1.(2) For other options: Induce (v) – succeed in persuading or leading
Execute (V) – put (a plan, order, or course of (someone) to do something.
action) into effect. Effectuate (v) – put into force or operation.
Q.2.(1) For other options: Q.10.(5) Unhindered, ceaselessly means without any
Filibuster (N) – delaying/ holding up obstruction, stoppage or disturbance.
Obstruction (N) – a curb/check For other options-
Q.3.(5) Exacerbate (v) – worsen Obstruct (v) – prevent or hinder.
For other options: Intervene (v) – take part in something so as to
Alleviate (V) – make (suffering, deficiency, or a prevent or alter a result or course of events.
problem) less severe. Q.11.(3) unveiled (v) - to disclose
Rankle (V) – cause continuing annoyance or We can’t take option 2 and 5 as they are in simple
resentment. present which is not possible before ‘by’.
Q.4.(2) For other options:
Q.12.(1) struggling
Drainage (N) – the action or process of leaving
‘suffered is also a possible option but sentence
something empty or dry.
relates to present perfect continuous tense.
Hindrance (N) – a thing that provides resistance,
Q.13.(2) impacted
delay, or obstruction to something or someone.
Q.5.(4) Augment (v): make (something) greater by ‘Affects’ is simple present so not a right option.
adding to it; increase. Q.14.(1) congratulated
For other options: Q.15.(1) besides
Raze (V) – destroy/demolish Q.16.(4) Irrigate (v) - supply water to (land or crops) to
Turgid (Adj.) – swollen and distended or help growth, typically by means of channels.
congested. Q.17.(1) subvention (n)- a grant of money, especially from
Q.6.(5) Robust (adj.) – strong and healthy; vigorous. a government.
For other options- Q.18.(3) recommended
Snappish (adj.) – irritable and inclined to speak Another possible option- ‘introduce’ but due to
sharply. passive expression it is wrong.
Tardy (adj.) – late Q.19.(1) extending
Q.7.(4) Insight (n) – an accurate and deep understanding. Q.20.(3) Activating
For other options- Q.21.(1) Explanation – Thrill (v.) – cause (someone) to
Intuition (n) – the ability to understand something have a sudden feeling of excitement
instinctively, without the need for conscious For other options-
reasoning. Fabulous (adj.) – extraordinary
Solace (n) – comfort or consolation in a time of Q.22.(4) Explanation –
great distress or sadness.
For other options-
Acuity (n) – sharpness or keenness of thought,
Meagre (adj.) – lacking in quantity or quality.
vision, or hearing.
Q.8.(5) Dictate (v) – control or decisively affect; Q.23.(2) Hurdle (n) - a problem or difficulty that must be
determine. overcome.
For other options- For other options-
Pertinent (adj.) – relevant or applicable to a Hiccup (adj.) – a temporary or minor problem.
particular matter; apposite. Q.24.(3) For other options-
Curtain (v) – conceal or screen. Precious (adj.) - of great value
Q.9.(3) Dispose (v) – get rid of by throwing away or giving Reasonable (adj.) – (of a price or product) not
or selling to someone else. too expensive.
For other options- Q.25.(5) Televise (v.)- record for or transmit by television
Entail (v) – involve (something) as a necessary or For other options-
inevitable part or consequence. Suppress (v.) – forcibly put an end to

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Q.26.(2) For option i: ‘to be positive’ is mentioned, if Q.31.(2) Onerous (adj.) - involving a great deal of effort,
we connect it becomes ‘Good health of both trouble, or difficulty.
the internal feelings and extrinsic response is For other options-
mandatory to be positive’ here good health to be Facile (adj.) – painless.
positive, does not make any logical sense. Trivial (adj.) – of little value or importance.
For option ii: The whole passage is based on the Q.32.(1) Advent (n) – arrival.
importance of healthy body and mind, but in this For other options-
option ‘slightly significant’ is mentioned which Departure (n) – the action of leaving.
does not support the theme of the passage.
Quietus (n) – death or something that causes death.
For option iv: As ‘set to unearth new facts’ is given Q.33.(4) Dictation (n) - the action of dictating words to be
in this, it seems to be illogical to get any relation typed, written down, or recorded on tape.
between having a good health and discovering
For other options-
new things in life.
Mutation (n) – alteration.
Q.27.(4) For option ii: If good living habits and healthy
Promotion (n) – encouragement.
food are the part of life, it surely makes the
person happy and successful, but in option ii, it Q.34.(5) Rely (v) – depend.
is mentioned that they do not have any role in a For other options-
person’s success. Distrust (v) - doubt the honesty or reliability of
For option iii: Undoubtedly, due to hectic (something).
schedule, now a days there is a least possibility to Flaw (v) – weaken something.
manage time for exercise and physical activities Q.35.(3) Feature (n) – a distinctive attribute or aspect of
but with having good and healthy food, it does something.
not have any relation, If we have time to intake For other options-
harmful items and unhealthy food, we can have Blunder (n) – mistake.
healthy food instead. Infraction (n) – violation.
Q.28.(3) For option i: If non-availability of resources and Q.36.(3) Install (v) - place or fix (equipment or machinery)
money is there how is it possible to get such kind in position ready for use.
of nutritious things, because without resources For other options-
one can’t grow fresh vegetables, fruit, cereals and Relocate (v) – move to a new place and establish
without money one can’t purchase all these things. one’s home or business there.
This option is completely illogical. uproot (v): remove completely
For option ii: It is said in this option that healthy Q.37.(3) Threaten (v) - cause (someone or something) to
diet is missed or not consumed by people then how be vulnerable or at risk; endanger.
they are regularly eating all such healthy items, For other options-
both the statements are contradictory. Recede (v) - go or move back or further away
Q.29.(2) For option i: To live healthy, we have to do some from a previous position.
physical activities, not discussion, by discussing Fortify (v): secure, protect.
over good health and healthy lifestyle, we can’t Q.38.(1) Obstruction (n) - a thing that impedes or prevents
live healthy. This option is completely illogical. passage or progress; an obstacle or blockage.
For option ii: For a negative sentence, any negative For other options-
word should not be used as it does not make any Gradient (n) - an inclined part of a road or railway;
sense. (no single day……………………. should a slope.
not be…………..)
Consent (n): permission for something to happen
For option iv: according to the previous statement, or agreement to do something, acquiescence.
the next part should be an advisory statement, but
Brake (n): a thing that slows or hinders a process.
here it is giving an information and that too is not
Q.39.(2) Starve (v) - deprive of something necessary.
correct, because it is possible for some persons to
do tough workout throughout the day. For other options-
Realization (n) - an act of becoming fully aware
Q.30.(4) For option iii: According to the previous line,
of something as a fact.
happiness is important for good mind and health
but this option is showing its importance for Reserve (v) - retain for future use.
earning money and wealth which is not supporting Scare (v): frighten.
the theme of this passage too. Queer (adj.): strange, odd.
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Q.40.(3) Fiercely (adv.) - a savagely violent or aggressive Q.52.(4) Fatal (adj.) - leading to failure or disaster.
manner. For other options:
For other options-
Frail (adj.) - weak and delicate
Collectively (adv.) - as a group; as a whole.
Candid (adj.) - truthful and straightforward; frank. Corollary (n) - a direct or natural consequence or
Q.41.(3) For other options- result.
Hamper (v)-hinder Q.53.(3) Apprehension (n) - anxiety or fear that something
Q.42.(2) For other options- bad or unpleasant will happen.
Scuffle (N)-rumpus For other options:
Q.43.(1) Clout (N)- Dominance, influence Quietude (n) - a state of stillness, calmness, and
For other options- quiet in a person or place.
Track (N)-path Q.54.(2) Ideology (n) - a system of ideas and ideals,
Q.44.(1) For other options- especially one which forms the basis of economic
Perishable (adj)- to decay or go bad quickly. or political theory and policy.
Palpable (adj)-perceptible
For other options:
Q.45.(3) For other options-
Endeavour (v) - try.
Urge (n)-desire
Renew (v)-revive Epitome (n) - a person or thing that is a perfect
Q.46.(3) Harmonious(adj.) - free from disagreement or example of a particular quality or type.
dissent; amicable. Q.55.(1) Wield (v) - have and be able to use (power or
For other options- influence).
Lure (v) - to charm. For other options:
Conspicuous (adj.) - remarkable. Flourish (v) - prosper.
Competent (adj.) - suitable.
Yell (v): shout in a loud, sharp way.
Q.47.(1) Cognition (n) - a perception, sensation, idea, or
intuition resulting from the process of cognition. Exert (v): apply or bring to bear (a force, influence,
For other options- or quality).
Versatile (adj.) - able to adapt Q.56.(5) Remotely (adv.) - from a distance; without physical
Vindication/commendation (n) - goodwill contact.
Q.48.(2) Escalate/intensify (v) - to increase rapidly. For other options:
For other options- Simultaneously (adv.) - at the same time.
Spurn (v) - to repel
Q.57.(4) Gig (n) - a job, especially one that is temporary
Admonish (v) - to punish.
or that has an uncertain future.
Fretful (adj.) - irritating
Q.49.(4) Feud/rivalry (n) - a prolonged and bitter quarrel Q.58.(3) Outgrow (v) - grow too big for
or dispute. For other options:
For other options- Sinister (adj.) - giving the impression that
Chaste (n) - pure something harmful or evil is happening or will
Sullied (n) - lustful happen.
Resurgence (n) - blessing Q.59.(2) Simultaneously (adv.) - at the same time.
Q.50.(5) Retaliation/revenge (n) - to counter-attack
For other options:
For other options-
Repercussion (n) - outcome/result Remotely (adv.) - from a distance; without physical
contact.
Consent/accede (v) - to agree
Q.51.(5) Spree (n) - a spell or sustained period of Q.60.(1) Sinister (adj.) - giving the impression that
unrestrained activity of a particular kind something harmful or evil is happening or will
For other options: happen.
Restraint (n) - a measure or condition that keeps For other options:
someone or something under control. Outgrow (v) - grow too big for.
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CHAPTER

11 ARTICLES
An article is a kind of adjective which is always used with @ The Ramayana
and gives information about a noun in the noun phrase. It
@ The Taj Mahal
is a type of a determiner that leads a noun. If something in
general is referred and the nouns used are either plural or @ The South Pole
uncountable, an article is left out. @ The Ganges
There are two kinds of articles. @ The Bay of Bengal
1. Indefinite Article : A, An (in the sense of ‘one’ and @ The Vedas
‘any’)
@ The Amaravati Express
2. Definite Article : The (in the sense of ‘this’ and ‘that’)
But; ‘The’ is not used before Araveli and Everest
Rules of Article because they are not mountain ranges.
The Use of Definite Article ‘The’ (C)  When a singular noun expresses a class of animal
(A)  When we talk of a particular person or a thing as or things. But ‘the’ is avoided with their plural
already mentioned. forms and persons to express a class.

## The book (which you mentioned) is not available in @ The dog is a faithful animal.
the market. @ The rose is a sweet flower.
(B)  Before proper nouns (unique objects) when they @ The cow is economically useful.
refer to the name of historical buildings, mountain @ Dogs are faithful.
ranges, planets, rivers, oceans, gulfs, groups of
islands, holy books, ordinals, descriptive names of While,
countries, states, newspapers, magazines, deserts, @ The son should be obedient. (Delete ‘The’, use ‘A’.
superlative degree, names of trains, hotels, shops, ‘The’ before a person does not express a class of
trains. persons)
@ The first man Note : Indefinite article ‘A’ is used.
@ The USA (1)  In the sense of ‘any’ to single out a person, a thing
@ The Himalayan as a representative of a class.

@ The Ambracian Gulf @ A cow is a useful animal.

@ The Sudan @ A mango is a sweet fruit.

@ The Hindu @ Sons should be obedient.

@ The Moon (2)  ‘Man/Woman/Mankind’ used in general sense to

represent human race are used without article.
@ The Sun
@ Man is mortal. (used in general sense.)
@ The Sahara
(D)  Before an adjective while representing a class of
@ The Netherlands persons.
@ The Indian Ocean @ The rich should help the poor.
@ The Earth @ The old are respected by the young.
@ The best picture (E)  Before the adjectives ‘same & whole’ and after the
@ The Maurya Sheraton adjective ‘all & both’ used with plural nouns.
@ The Padma Shri @ This is the same book that you gave me.

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@ The whole class was absent. (P)  In certain idiomatic phrases.
@ All the boys were present there. @ In the wrong.
@ Both the brothers were honest. @ On the contrary
But; All sugar is wasted. @ The benefit of the doubt.
(F)  Before musical instruments. (Q)  Before inventions.
@ Ankit can not play the Piano. @ The telephone.
@ Tiya is fond of playing the harmonium. @ The wireless.
(G)  As an adverb with a comparative sense. (Double @ The television.
comparison). (R)  Before the case in apposition.
@ The sooner, the better.
@ Netaji, the hero of Modern India, ought to be remem-
@ The higher you go, the colder it is. bered.
(H)  Before comparative degree in case of a choice. @ Mr. Vajpayee, the former Prime Minister will always
@ Soni is the taller of the two sisters. be in our heart.
@ Sita is the more beautiful of the two sisters. (S)  Before the Armed forces.
(I)  Before proper noun for the sake of comparison. @ The Army
@ Surdas is the Milton of India. @ The Police
@ Kalidas is the Shakespeare of India. @ The Air Force
(J)  Before sports cups and trophies. (T)  Before the name of professions.
@ The Ranji Trophy @ The Press
@ The World Cup. @ The Bench
(K)  With the directions. @ The Council
@ The North (U)  Before a noun, qualified by adjectives.
@ The East @ The eminent Scientist Abdul Kalam
(L)  Before a unit of measurement. @ The immortal Shakespeare
@ The dozen. @ The late Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayi
@ The kilogram (V)  Before the organs of government.
@ The hectare @ The Judiciary
(M)  Before physical positions. @ The Legislature
@ The top (W)  Before the dates.
@ The centre @ The 10th of June.
@ The front @ The 5th of November.
(N)  Before caste and communities. (X)  Before the parts of a body of a person in place of
@ The Marathas possessive adjectives.
@ The Brahmins @ Hit me on the back.
@ The Mughals @ She caught me by the arm.
(O)  Before a common noun to give it the sense of an (Y)  Before the political parties.
abstract noun.
@ The BJP
@ The judge in him. (sense of justice)
@ The Congress
@ The father in him. (feeling of a father)
(Z) (a) Before the empires, dynasties, wars, revolutions,
@ The beast in him. (cruelty of a beast) centuries.

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@ The Gupta Dynasty @ an F.I.R
@ The Vedic ages RULE -2
@ The sixth century (I)  Indefinite article ‘A’/’An’ is used when we talk of a
thing or a person that is indefinite or that is mentioned
@ The Red revolution
for the first time. (in the sense of ‘one’).
(b)  Before the language to signify nationality.
(II)  Indefinite article is also used to express a class (in the
@ The Chinese are hard working. sense of ‘any’)
@ The Japanese are patriots out and out. (A)  Before a singular/countable common noun when
(c)  Before nationality (plural). it is mentioned for the first time representing no
particular person or a thing.
@ The Greeks
@ Twelve inches make a foot. (one)
@ The Indians
@ Please get me a scooter. (one)
Note : But we say, An Indian, An Asian, A Greek
(B)  Before a singular countable noun which is used to
(d)  Before little and few. single out some person/ something as a representa-
@ The little — some but all tive of a class of things, animals and persons.
@ The few — some but all @ A cow is a useful animal. (any in the sense of class)
The Use of Indefinite Articles ‘A’, ‘An’ @ A rose is a beautiful flower. (any in the sense of class)
RULE -1 (C)  To make a common noun of a proper noun to ex-
A student must note that the choice between ‘A’ and ‘An’ is press quality.
determined primarily by Sound. @ A shylock is living in my neighbourhood. (a cruel
(A) ‘A’ is used before a word beginning miser)

(i) With consonant. @ He is a Harishchandra known for his fairness. (a just

man)
@ a boy
(D) To express ‘Price/rate, speed, ratio’.
@ a chair
@ Rupees ten a kilo.
@ a student
@ A dozen mangoes.
(ii) With a vowel giving the sound of a consonant.
@ Half a dozen.
@ a one eyed man
(E)  When ‘A/An’ is used to represent a weakened form
@ a European of preposition ‘in’.
@ a uniform @ Deepanshu earns fifty thousand rupees a year.
(B) ‘An’ is used before a word beginning. @ We should brush our teeth two times a day.
(i) With a vowel. (F)  In exclamations with ‘what’ or ‘how’ before sin-
@ an eagle gular countable nouns.
@ an ostrich @ What a beautiful day!
@ an umbrella @ How fine a day!
(ii) With a mute ‘h’. @ What a pretty girl!
@ an hour (G)  With ‘rather, very, much, quite, so, too, such, as’.
@ an heir @ It is rather a good step (or a rather good step)
@ an honourable person @ Avinash is a very good person.
(iii) With a consonant pronounced with the sound of a @ Garvit is such a nice man that everybody likes him.
vowel. @ It is quite an interesting story.
@ an S.P. @ Shimaila is so weak a student that she can’t pass.
@ an X-ray (H)  Before a person unknown to the speaker.

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@ A Mr. Sen = Some Mr. Sen (A)  Before a proper noun.
@ A Mrs. Kaushik = Some Mrs. Kaushik @ Shakespeare was the greatest dramatist.
(I)  Before the verbs used as nouns. @ Delhi is the capital of India.
@ For a swim (B) In the presence of some words like Appoint, make,
elect, select etc.
@ For a talk
@ The Committee appointed him Chairperson.
@ For a drive
@ They elected him president.
@ Have a pain
(C)  Before uncountable nouns.
(J)  Before certain phrases.
@ Atul gave me advice.
@ Feel a shame
@ Vikas passed information to me.
@ In a hurry
(D)  Before the names of material noun.
@ Make a noise
@ Gold
@ Tell a lie
@ Tea
(K) Before the adjectives ‘little’ and ‘few’ to give the
sense of ‘some’ @ Silver
A little – some (Quality) @ Water
A few – some (Number) (E)  Before common noun used in widest sense.
@ I have little money to buy a house. (hardly any) @ Man is Mortal.
@ Please give me a little sugar. (some) @ God is omnipresent.
@ Shashwat has spent the little money that he had. (some (F)  Before abstract nouns as qualities, feelings and
but all) states of mind used in the general sense.
@ There are few boys in the hall. (hardly anyone) @ Truth is a noble quality.
@ I met a few students in the university. (some) @ Kindness is a natural feeling.
@ The few students that were in the class were sitting @ Honesty is the best policy.
idle. (some but all) (G)  Before collective nouns in general sense.
(L)  There is no plural of ‘a’, ‘an’, ‘some’ or ‘Any’ is @ Life is complex.
the equivalent of the plural.
@ Society does not allow this.
@ A house (some horses/ any horses)
(H) Before regular meals.
@ An orange (some oranges/any oranges)
@ I take breakfast at 7 am.
The Omission of Article @ You should take dinner early.
The article ‘A/An, The’ are omitted.
Keep Practicing & Keep Learning

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exercise
Q.1-10. In each of the following questions, a sentence Q.11. The Central and the state governments (1)/ together
divided into four parts is given, read the sentence are facing a Rs. 20,000 crore revenue loss due (2)/
carefully and find out the grammatically to refunds claimed by companies on account of (3)/
incorrect part. If the sentence is free from error, flaws in the GST rate structure, according to findings
mark option 5, ‘No error’. disclosed by states.(4)/ No error (5)
Q.1. The newly constructed (1)/ road to one of (2)/ most Q.12. This year, Indian Railway Catering and Tourism
popular monuments (3)/ passes through a dense Corporation (1)/ has launched many services to make
market. (4)/ No error (5) train (2)/ journey more transparent and passenger-
Q.2. This wonderful Housing Society (1)/ comprises of friendly such as (3)/ the OTP-based refund system,
eight blocks and (2)/ fifty three flats in (3)/ area of New IRCTC PNR linking and fare refund policy.
about five lac sq. feet (4)/ No error (5) (4)/ No error (5)

Q.3. Now that my mathematics teacher(1)/ is living in Q.13. The system gives the information about (1)/ exact
her own house, (2)/ she cleans the curtains twice refund amount received by the agent on (2)/ the
a week (3)/ in the summer and once a week in the passenger's behalf against a cancelled (3)/ ticket or
winter (4)/ No error (5) waitlisted tickets that didn't get confirmed.(4)/ No
error (5)
Q.4. With positive imagination and (1)/ expectation the
cricket tournament (2)/ could have been transformed Q.14. With the more and more Indian enterprises striving
(3)/ into one of the major attractions (4)/ No error (5) (1)/ to go digital, the increased speed and bandwidth
(2)/ of 5G networks will drive a new round (3)/ of
Q.5. If in the world, someone (1)/ has faith in almighty
transformation across India from next year.(4)/ No
everything (2)/ going on wrong will turn out (3)/ to
error (5)
be right for him (4)/ No error (5)
Q.15. There will be a shift of computing to the edge, (1)/
Q.6. The primary teachers of (1)/ this school are not
as India's businesses take advantage of (2)/ benefits
wealthy so (2)/ they cannot afford (3)/ to buy a
of cloud and hyper-converged (3)/ infrastructure to
expensive car (4)/ No error (5)
deal with increasing data gravity.(4)/ No error (5)
Q.7. As far as I know this city isn’t (1)/ very well-known
Q.16. A fast metabolism ensures that calories are (1)/
and there(2)/ isn’t much to see and enjoy (3)/ so a
burned and used quickly, while a slow metabolism
few tourists like coming here (4)/ No error (5)
means that (2)/ calories are burned slowly and an
Q.8. One of my friends took to (1)/ reading Quran (2)/ excess of them may be left at the end of the day, (3)/
for better knowledge of (3)the facts in this religion leading to accumulation of those calories as fat in
(4)/ No error (5) body.(4)/ No error (5)
Q.9. The fast pace of life in some (1)/ metropolitan cities Q.17. China has upped the ante against India's security
has had the (2)/ mind-blowing effect (3)/ on culture (1)/ establishment by massively enhancing its (2)/
and life-style of society (4)/ No error (5) military infrastructure in bordering areas in Ladakh
Q.10. Scientists have observed (1)/ in past that pathogens that (3)/ have witnessed skirmishes between the
can effectively (2)/ block apoptosis, (3)/ allowing forces of the two countries.(4)/ No error (5)
them to reproduce and spread intracellularly. (4)/ Q.18. As the Christmas and New Year approach as you
No error (5) (1)/ binge on cakes, oily and unhealthy food, (2)/
Q.11-20.In each of the following questions, a sentence cocktails and drinks, it is important to remind
divided into four parts is given, read the sentence yourself (3)/ that you will regret it, as soon as the
carefully and find out the grammatically holiday season is over.(4)/ No error (5)
incorrect part. If the sentence is free from error, Q.19. Solar eclipse or Surya Grahan is a geographical
mark option 5, ‘No error’. (1)/ concept, where the sun, the Earth (2)/ and
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Moon align in such a way, (3)/ that you see the sun ___ (22) __ researchers, including those from the
partially or fully covered, from the Earth.(4)/ No Weizmann Institute of Science in __ (23) __ Israel,
error (5) said living organisms on the Earth are one of two
Q.20. Talking about myths and superstitions (1)/ around categories -- autotrophs that convert inorganic
eclipses, many cultures, including in India, (2)/ carbon dioxide into biomass, and heterotrophs that
advise pregnant women and (3)/ young children consume organic compounds.
to stay indoors during a solar eclipse.(4)/ No error The study, published in the journal Cell, described __
(5) (24) __ process by which the researchers converted
Q.21-25.In the given passage, there are some blanks which the bacterium Escherichia coli to a carbon dioxide
need to be filled with appropriate article (a, an, consuming autotrophic strain.
the). In some blanks there might be no need of The researchers said autotrophic organisms
any article. Fill in the blanks accordingly. dominated the biomass on the Earth, supplying much
Researchers have engineered new bacterial strain of the planet's food and fuels.
that consumes __ (21) __ carbon dioxide for They added that __(25)__ better understanding
energy instead of complex organic compounds, an of the principles of autotrophic growth, as well as
advance that may lead to future projects to lower methods to enhance the process are critical for the
atmospheric levels of the greenhouse gas using Earth's sustainability in the age of a human-driven
microbes. climate crisis.
EXPLANATION
Q.1.(2) Add ‘the’ before ‘most’, as the superlative degree Q.14.(1) Remove ‘the’ before more and more as ‘enterprises’
takes ‘the’ with it. is a plural noun, and generally, article is not used
Q.2.(4) Add ‘an’ before ‘area’, article should be used with plural nouns.
before a noun. Q.15.(2) Add ‘the’ before ‘benefits’ as here the structure is
Q.3.(4) Delete ‘the’ before ‘summer’ and ‘winter’ because ‘noun + of + noun’.
‘article’ is not used with the name of season. Q.16.(4) ‘The’ should be added before ‘body’.
Q.4.(1) Add ‘a’ before ‘positive’ to qualify ‘imagination’. Q.17.(3) Add ‘the’ before ‘bordering areas’ as it is a noun
Q.5.(2) Add ‘the’ before ‘Almighty’, as with superior and described further with a relative pronoun
things, we should use article ‘the’. ‘that’.

Q.6.(4) Replace ‘a’ by ‘an’, there is a vowel sound for Q.18.(1) Remove ‘the’ before ‘Christmas’ as article is not
‘expensive’. used before a festival.

Q.7.(3) Delete ‘a’ before ‘few’, as there is a sense of ‘very Q.19.(3) Add ‘the’ before ‘moon’ as article ‘the’ is used
less or no’. with ‘universal unique things’.

Q.8.(2) Add ‘the’ before ‘Quran’, with Epic or holy books, Q.20.(1) Add ‘the’ before ‘myths’ as it is specifically used
we should use ‘the’. here relating to eclipse.

Q.9.(4) Add ‘the’ before ‘culture’, here the structure is Q.21. No article, with a proper noun (here name of a
‘noun + of + noun’. gas) article is not used.

Q.10.(2) Add ‘the’ before ‘past’ as the words ‘past, present Q.22. The, here researchers are known who are described
and future’ take ‘the’ with it. in the first paragraph.

Q.11.(4) ‘the’ should be written before ‘findings’, as this Q.23. No article, with a proper noun (here name of a
is specific which is disclosed by states. country) article is not used.

Q.12.(2) An article is mandatory to be used before a noun, Q.24. The, as relative pronoun ‘which’ is used for
so ‘a’ or ‘the’ can be used before ‘train journey’. ‘process’.

Q.13.(1) Add ‘the’ before ‘exact’ as it generally takes ‘the’ Q.25. A, in general sense for a singular unit, article ‘a’
with it. or ‘an’ is used, here the word ‘better’ starts with
consonant sound, so ‘A’ is correct.

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CHAPTER

12 ADVERBS
An adverb is a word that is used to modify several types of @ It’s starting to get dark now.
words including an adjective, a verb, a clause, another adverb, @ Arya finished her tea first.
or any other type of word or phrase.
@ Shanaya left early.
In other words adverbs provide a description of how, where,
when, in what manner and to what extent something is done @ Adverbs of Purpose:
or happens. Normally, we can spot an adverb by the fact that @ Gina drives her boat slowly to avoid hitting the rocks.
it often ends in –ly, but there are lots of adverbs that don’t @ Jahnavi shops in several stores to get the best buys.
end in this way. Moreover, adverbs can be used in many
combinations with each other. Positions of Adverb
The positions of adverbs are not a fixed or set thing. As
Kinds of Adverb you have seen, adverbs can appear in different position
@ Adverbs of Manner: in a sentence. However, there are some rules that help us
@ Tisha moved slowly and spoke quietly. decide where an adverb should be positioned. The rules will
@ Adverbs of Place: be different depending on whether the adverb is acting to
modify an adjective or another adverb, a verb or what type
@ Tanya has lived on the island all her life. of adverb it is.
@ Twinkle still lives there now. Adverb position with adjectives and other adverbs
a. Directions These adverbs will usually be placed before the adjective
@ Rampur is located in the north of Lucknow. or adverb being modified:
@ We traveled down the mountainside. ##We gave them a really tough match. (The adverb really
@ First, I looked here, and then I looked there, but I modifies the adjective tough.)
can’t find them anywhere. ##It was quite windy that night. (The adverb quite modifies
b. Distance the adjective windy.)
@ Kanika is moving far away. ##We don’t go to the movies terribly often. (The adverb
@ Kalki is sitting close to me. terribly modifies the adverb often.)
c. Position Adverb position with verbs
@ The treasure lies underneath the box. This can be a bit trickier because, it will depend on the type
of adverb – place, position, time etc. – and there are many
@ The dog is sleeping on the bed.
exceptions to the rules. However, a basic set of guidelines
@ Why are you standing in the middle of the dance is shown below:
floor?
Adverbs of manner or place are usually positioned at the
In addition, some adverbs of position will refer to a direction end of the sentence:
of movement. These often end in -ward or -wards.
@ She laughed timidly.
@ Oorvi travelled onward to Los Angeles.
@ I stroked the cat gently.
@ Nithya looked upwards to the heavens.
@ Janine lived here.
@ Rhia, move forward to the front of the queue, please!
@ There is money everywhere.
@ Adverbs of Frequency:
As mentioned, if the adverb is of definite time it will be placed
@ Sagarika takes the boat to the mainland every day. at the end of the sentence.
@ Aslesha often goes by herself. @ I did it yesterday.
@ Adverbs of Time: @ We can discuss it tomorrow.
@ Anamika tries to get back before dark. @ Let’s go to Paris next week.

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However, if it is an indefinite period of time, it will go Hardly has a completely different meaning. It means “almost
between the subject and the main verb. not.”
@ We often go to Paris in the springtime. We have a bad connection – I can hardly hear you. (= I almost
@ Ravi regularly swims here. can’t hear you)
@ Bobby and Kishan always loved fishing by the lake. Most / Most Of / Mostly
Late / Lately Most or most of (adjective) means “the majority, the greater
part.”
Late can be an adjective or an adverb that means after the
correct time. Most people like the country’s president. (= more than 50%
of the people)
I’m not hungry because I had a late lunch. (adjective)
Most of the students in the class are nice. (= more than 50%
He slept late and missed his first class. (adverb)
of the students)
Lately is an adverb that means the same as recently.
Most as an adverb means “to the greatest degree” – it is used
I haven’t studied a lot lately. Work has been busy for the to form the superlative:
past couple weeks.
She’s the most popular girl in school. (= more popular than
Hard / Hardly EVERYONE else)
Hard can be an adjective or an adverb – and the adjective This is the most confusing chapter in the book.
form has two meanings!
(= more confusing than ALL the other chapters)
This book is too hard for me. I can’t read it. (hard = adjective
Mostly (adverb) means “mainly, generally, usually.”
= difficult)
We mostly go to dance clubs, but sometimes we go to a cafe.
This mattress is too hard. I can’t sleep. (hard = adjective =
opposite of “soft”) (= we usually go to dance clubs)
She’s working hard to finish the project by tomorrow. (hard I’ve mostly dated athletes; I love women who play sports.
= adverb = intensely) (= I’ve mainly dated athletes)
Order of Adverbs
There is a basic order in which adverbs will appear when there is more than one. It is similar to The Royal Order of
Adjectives, but it is even more flexible.
The Royal Order of Adverbs

Verb Manner Place Frequency Time Purpose

Roger swims enthusiastically in the river every morning before dawn to keep in shape.

Father walks impatiently into town every afternoon before supper to get a newspaper.

Trisha sleeps in her room every morning before lunch.

Rules related to Adverb Order

As a general principle, shorter adverbial phrases precede longer adverbial phrases, regardless of content. In the following
sentence, an adverb of time precedes an adverb of frequency because it is shorter (and simpler):
@ Dad takes a brisk walk before breakfast every day of his life.
A second principle: among similar adverbial phrases of kind (manner, place, frequency, etc.), the more specific
adverbial phrase comes first:
@ My grandmother was born in a sod house on the plains of northern Nebraska.
@ She promised to meet him for lunch next Tuesday.
Bringing an adverbial modifier to the beginning of the sentence can place special emphasis on that modifier. This is
particularly useful with adverbs of manner:
@ Slowly, ever so carefully, Jessi filled the coffee cup up to the brim, even above the brim.
@ Occasionally, but only occasionally, one of these lemons will get by the inspectors.

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have in common is that we don’t modify them with not because
Negative Adverbs
they already express negative meaning on their own.
What is a negative adverb?
Negative adverbs meaning “almost not”
Negative adverbs and negative adverbials (groups of words
Some negative adverbs mean “almost not.” They are:
that function as an adverb) are used to modify the meaning of
a verb, adjective, other adverb, or entire clause in a negative @ hardly
way. Like all adverbs, they usually answer questions about @ barely
manner, place, time, or degree. @ scarcely
No and Not These negative adverbs are placed in the same position
There is a debate whether no and not should be classed as adverbs, as not. They generally go after the first auxiliary or modal
but they are by far the most commonly used words for creating verb, before a main verb when it is the only verb, and after
negative statements, so we’ll briefly look at how they work. forms of the verb be.
Using no For example:
We use no as a negative answer to questions or an expression @ “I hardly go out anymore.” (I almost don’t go out
of disagreement. It’s often classed as a determiner or an anymore.)
exclamation, but other grammarians argue that it’s an adverb, @ “I can barely see the mountain through the clouds.”
especially when it is used to negate comparative adjectives (I almost can’t see it.)
or comparative adverbs. For example:
@ “It’s scarcely surprising that you’re quitting your job.”
@ “He is no better than his rival.” (It is not very surprising at all.)
@ “She runs no more quickly than her sister.” Negative adverbs meaning “not often” or “not ever”
Using not with auxiliary and modal verbs When we want to stress how infrequently something occurs,
To negate a verb phrase, we insert not after the we can use these negative adverbs:
first auxiliary or modal verb. For example: @ no longer
@ “I have seen him here before.” (positive) @ rarely
@ “I have not seen him here before.” (negative) @ seldom
@ “I would have done the same.” (positive) @ barely ever
@ “I would not have done the same.” (negative) @ hardly ever
Using not with only a main verb @ never
If the verb phrase contains only a main verb, we negate it by Again, these adjectives are usually placed in the same position
adding do/does/did + not. For example: as not. For example:
@ “I go swimming on Mondays.” (positive) @ “I no longer cook at home.” (I cooked at home before,
@ “I do not go swimming on Mondays.” (negative) but now I don’t.)
@ “He works every day.” (positive) @ “He has seldom/rarely/hardly ever played football.”
@ “He does not work every day.” (negative) (very infrequently)
@ “We went to the supermarket yesterday.” (positive) @ “We are never late.” (not ever)
@ “We did not go to the supermarket yesterday.” (negative) Note that seldom, rarely, barely ever, and hardly ever are
interchangeable. They all mean “very infrequently.”
Using not with the verb be
Negative adverbs that emphasize quick succession of events
When a form of the verb be is the only verb in the statement,
we place not after it. For example: When we want to express that two events happened in quick
succession (one event almost did not finish before the next
@ “They are tall.” (positive)
event happened) we can use any of these negative adverbs:
@ “They are not tall.” (negative)
@ hardly
@ “It is an interesting project.” (positive)
@ barely
@ “It is not an interesting project.” (negative)
@ scarcely
Other negative adverbs @ no sooner
Now that we have seen how no and not are used, let’s look at Some of these are the same negative adverbs that mean
other negative adverbs. The principle characteristic they all “almost not,” but when we use them for events in quick
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succession, we must use them in combination with @ “I’ll only help you when you ask for it.”
either when (for hardly, scarcely and barely), or than (for no @ Meaning: I will not help you if you don’t ask for help.
sooner).
@ “They are only living here until they find a new house.”
The first event is usually expressed in the past perfect tense,
with the negative adverb following the auxiliary verb had. @ Meaning: They will leave from here when they find
The two clauses are joined with when or than (depending on a new house.
which negative adverb is used), and the second event follows Using inversion
in the past simple tense. We have shown how negative adverbs are often placed in
For example: mid position. However, it’s also very common for negative
@ “We had hardly finished cleaning when the guests adverbs to appear at the beginning of a sentence. This is
arrived.” often done in more formal or literary styles, as well as when
we want to place special emphasis on the negative adverb.
@ “I had barely walked in the door when she called.”
When we place the negative adverb at the beginning of the
@ “She had scarcely been home five minutes when they sentence, we must use inversion. This is when we rearrange
arrived to take her to the movie.” the normal subject/verb order of the sentence. We already
@ “We had no sooner put dinner on the table than the use the principle of inversion all the time when we form
doorbell rang.” questions. For example:
Adverbial phrases for total negation @ “Arun has seen this movie.” (no inversion)
There are a few adverbial phrases that are used to completely @ “Has Arun seen this movie?” (inversion)
negate a clause. For example: To form the question, the subject (Arun) and the auxiliary
@ under no circumstances verb (has) switch places. The process is the same when we
@ in no way use negative adverbs.
@ on no condition Inversion with auxiliary/modal verbs
Like not, these adverbials can be placed in mid position: If a negative adverb is being used at the beginning of the
sentence that has a modal or auxiliary verb, we simply switch
@ “We in no way like this plan.” (We don’t like this
the order of the first auxiliary/modal verb and the subject.
plan.)
For example:
@ “We have under no circumstances allowed them to
@ “I have never seen such a beautiful creature.” (no
come inside.” (They have definitely not been allowed
inversion)
inside.)
@ “Never have I seen such a beautiful creature.”
@ “She is on no condition to be disturbed.” (Don’t
(inversion)
disturb her.)
@ “We had scarcely arrived home when they called.”
However, they are more commonly placed in initial position
(no inversion)
using inversion, which we will examine later in this article.
@ “Scarcely had we arrived home when they called.”
Using only for conditional negativity
(inversion)
Only can be used when we want to place conditions
@ “He can under no circumstances play that game.”
on whether something is going to occur or not. It most
(no inversion)
closely means “exclusively,” and can be used in several
combinations. For example: @ “Under no circumstances can he play that game.”
(inversion)
@ only … after
Inversion with only a main verb
@ only … if
If a negative adverb is placed at the beginning of a sentence
@ only … when
that contains only a main verb, we must insert the auxiliary
@ only … until verbs do/does or did and use the bare infinitive form of the
Usually, we place only before the action that may or may verb, just like when we form questions. For example:
not occur, and if/after/when/until before the condition. For @ “We in no way like this plan.” (no inversion)
example:
@ “In no way do we like this plan.” (inversion)
@ “I will only go to the movie if you go too.”
@ “She scarcely leaves the city anymore.” (no inversion)
@ Meaning: I am not going to the movie if you don’t
@ “Scarcely does she leave the city anymore.”
go.
(inversion)
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@ “He barely stopped in time.” (no inversion) You are a little too confident.
@ “Barely did he stop in time.” (inversion) It happened a bit too soon.
Inversion with the verb “be” Too much
When a negative adverb begins a sentence that only contains He is much too old to work.
the verb be, we switch the order of the subject and be (again, Much too
the same as when we form questions): Too much cannot be used before adverbs and before
@ “We are seldom late.” (no inversion) adjectives without nouns.
@ “Seldom are we late.” (inversion) He arrived too late.
@ “He is hardly working.” (no inversion) Ankul is too old to work.
@ “Hardly is he working.” (inversion) Cases where too is not used
@ “She is on no condition to be disturbed.” (no Too is not normally used before adjective + noun.
inversion) She doesn’t like men who are too short. (NOT She doesn’t
@ On no condition is she to be disturbed.” (inversion) like too short men.)
Inversion of “only” for conditional negativity I couldn’t solve the problem – it was too difficult. (NOT I
When negative conditional expressions are formed with only, couldn’t solve the too difficult problem.)
we have to do a bit more rearranging. The entire conditional Rather
clause joins only in the beginning of the sentence, and the Rather as a degree modifier
subject-verb word order changes in the main clause. For
Rather can suggest ideas such as ‘more than is usual’, ‘more
example:
than was expected’ or ‘more than was wanted’.
@ “I will only go to the movie if you go too.” (no
@ Do you see that rather tall boy standing over there?
inversion)
@ She speaks English rather well. (= She speaks English
@ “Only if you go too will I go to the movie.” (inversion)
remarkably well.)
@ “I’ll only help you when you ask for help.” (no
Rather as a degree adverb
inversion)
We use rather to give emphasis to an adjective or adverb.
@ “Only when you ask for help will I help you.”
It has a similar meaning to quite when quite is used with
(inversion)
gradable words. It is more formal than quite. We often use it
@ “They are only living here until they find a new to express something unexpected or surprising:
house.” (no inversion)
A: You’re not just wasting your time here, are you?
@ “Only until they find a new house are they living
B: No, I’m rather busy, in fact.
here.” (inversion)
They walked rather slowly.
Usage of some important adverbs:
I’m afraid I behaved rather badly.
Here are some rules for using adverb which can be very useful
for finding errors in competitive exams. Enough
Too Enough + noun
It can modify verbs, adjectives and other adverbs. @ There was enough food for everybody at the party.
Too has a negative meaning. It means ‘more than is necessary @ I had enough money to pay for dinner with my
or desirable’. girlfriend.
She is too chubby. @ Is there enough time to finish the test?
The water is too cold. Adjective + Enough
It is too late. @ She is pretty enough for everybody to notice her.
(Everybody notices her because she is very pretty.)
An infinitive structure can be used after too +adjective /
adverb / determiner. @ My friend lives close enough to my house to walk.
He is too old to work. @ Last summer it was hot enough to go swimming every day.
We arrived too late to have dinner. Enough + infinitive
All expressions which modify comparative adjectives and @ When she lost her dog, it was enough to make her cry.
adverbs can be used to modify too. @ He was sick enough to stay home from work today.
Examples: much, a lot, far, a little, a bit, rather @ I arrived at the airport early enough to make my flight
She is far too young to live on her own. to New York.

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exercise
Q.1-10. Read each part of the sentence to find out if there Q.14. I never remember (1)/ to have met (2)/ a more in-
is any error in it. The error, if any, will be in one teresting (3)/ girl in my life. (4)/ No error (5)
part of the sentence. The number of that part
Q.15. I refused to (1)/ accompany him (2)/ because I was
is the answer. If there is no error, mark your
(3)/ so tired. (4)/ No error (5)
answer as (5).
Q.16. Raja Ram Mohan Roy tireless (1)/ tried to eradicate
Q.1. Till the time he (1)/ was back home, (2)/ I was too
(2)/ social evils with (3)/ tooth and nail. (4)/ No error
exhausted (3)/ and didn’t even eat food. (4)/ No error
(5)
(5)
Q.17. The student came (1)/ to the classroom (2)/ lately and
Q.2. Raj did not know hardly (1)/ anyone in the city (2)/
was (3)/ punished by the teacher. (4)/ No error (5)
which makes his (3)/ days lonely and mundane. (4)/
No error (5) Q.18. He looks full (1)/ of energy today (2)/ because he
soundly slept (3)/ last night beside his dog. (4)/ No
Q.3. I rarely find (1)/ something in the movies (2)/
error (5)
that is worth my time (3)/ and money. (4)/ No
error (5) Q.19. She had barely (1)/ nothing to eat when (2)/ she came
to (3)/ me last month. (4)/ No error (5)
Q.4. We have already (1)/ said that you have (2)/ acted
noble (3)/ than all of us. (4)/ No error (5) Q.20. It had been (1)/ too cold the whole (2)/ month and we
preferred (3)/ to stay in the plains. (4)/ No error (5)
Q.5. I was told not (1)/ to stop anywhere (2)/ in the way
and (3)/ reach home directly (4)/ No error (5) Q.21-30. Read each part of the sentence to find out if there
is any error in it. The error, if any, will be in one
Q.6. It is clear that she has no time (1)/ to read magazines
part of the sentence. The number of that part is the
(2)/ and no desire neither (3)/ to do it. (4)/ No error
answer. If there is no error, mark your answer as (5).
(5)
Q.21. Shakti was exorbitantly (1)/ remunerated for how
Q.7. She has not (1)/ seldom visited his (2)/ parents since
(2)/ skilful she welcomed (3)/ the visitors. (4)/ No
she (3)/ left this place. (4)/ No error (5)
error (5)
Q.8. It was much (1)/ hot yesterday and (2)/ we didn’t
Q.22. The information was (1)/ conveyed to the contrac-
(3)/ go out. (4)/ No error (5)
tor (2)/ that his brother had (3)/ only died five days
Q.9. I meet him often (1)/ near the Town Hall (2)/ while before. (4)/ No error (5)
returning (3)/ from office. (4)/ No error (5)
Q.23. The student requested (1)/ the principal to be (2)/
Q.10. I told her as blunt (1)/ as I could but (2)/ she gave no enough kind to grant (3)/ him seven days leave. (4)/
reaction (3)/ as he was not convinced. (4)/ No error No error (5)
(5)
Q.24. When we examined carefully (1)/ all the aspects, (2)/
Q.11-20. Read each part of the sentence to find out if we got to know the true (3)/ colours of our fellow
there is any error in it. The error, if any, will be team mates. (4)/ No error (5)
in one part of the sentence. The number of that
Q.25. Rima was one of my closest friends but now, (1)/ she
part is the answer. If there is no error, mark your
hardly likes to hear my name (2)/ after the dispute
answer as (5).
which (3)/ occurred between us last year. (4)/ No
Q.11. My mother works (1)/ very quicker than (2)/ I at error (5)
embroidery (3)/ and other household chores. (4)/
Q.26. In pursuit of finding the guilty (1)/ with the help of
No error (5)
the officer concerned, (2)/ they always should try to
Q.12. She is sure (1)/ a great singer (2)/ and no other singer (3)/ joining the two ends. (4)/ No error (5)
(3)/ is a match for her. (4)/ No error (5)
Q.27. We thought of buying that (1)/ house as it was very
Q.13. It is better to be (1)/ frugal but don’t (2)/ be miser good (2)/but too much small to (3)/ accommodate
in (3)/ giving alms. (4)/ No error (5) the full family. (4)/ No error (5)

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Q.28. What I still cannot (1)/ do well is inadvertent make Q.34. Many actresses in our times (1)/ are too much beauti-
friends (2)/ due to which I (3)/ am leading a lonely ful (2)/ due to which many actors (3)/ run after them
life. (4)/ No error (5) and want to influence them. (4)/ No error (5)
Q.29. In our family, each and every (1)/ one is addicted to Q.35. The driver who drove (1)/ our cab and had come to
drinking (2)/ a minimum ten glasses (3)/ of water (2)/ receive us at the airport (3)/ was speaking flu-
and so Asha is. (4)/ No error (5) ently French. (4)/ No error (5)
Q.30. The amount which (1)/ the company paid to (2)/ the Q.36. The class teacher told us (1)/ that even the strongest
dependents of the (3)/ deceased was fair unjustified. team (2)/ has to face defeat when (3)/ the players
(4)/ No error (5) don’t play whole hearted. (4)/ No error (5)
Q.31-40. Read each part of the sentence to find out if Q.37. Although it is observed (1)/ that she is usually rude
there is any error in it. The error, if any, will be (2)/ with everyone, she behaved (4)/ nice with all
in one part of the sentence. The number of that of us today. (4)/ No error (5)
part is the answer. If there is no error, mark your
Q.38. He ran fastly so as to (1)/ be the first one to reach
answer as (5).
(2)/ there but practically, it (3)/ did nothing for him.
Q.31. The employee had behaved (1)/ in a coward manner (4)/ No error (5)
(2)/ before the employer and (3)/ hesitated to do the
Q.39. Despite the fact that he (1)/ made tiresome efforts and
work. (4)/ No error (5)
(2)/ toiled very hardly, he realised that (3)/ he had not
Q.32. One of my friends (1)/ told an incident where (2)/ he earned anything substantial. (4)/ No error (5)
refused not to (3)/ return the articles. (4)/ No error (5)
Q.40. The examiners are expected to (1)/ be much care-
Q.33. When asked, he took (1)/ coffee and said (2)/ that it fully in their (2)/ approach so that they efficiently
tasted (3)/ sweetly. (4)/ No error (5) (3)/ complete the complicated task. (4)/ No error (5)
EXPLANATION
Q.1.(3) Replace ‘too’ by ‘very’. With certain words such or after the modal verb or first auxiliary verb, or
as exhausted, tired, etc., ‘too’ is not used. after be as a main verb) or in end position.
Q.2.(1) Replace ‘did not know hardly’ by ‘hardly knew’ Q.10.(1) Replace ‘blunt’ by ‘bluntly’ as an adverb is needed
here to convey the manner in which something has
Q.3.(2) Replace ‘something’ by ‘anything’ as the sentence
been said.
gives a negative sense for which ‘any’ is appropriate.
Q.11.(2) Replace ‘very quicker’ by ‘more (for showing
Q.4.(3) Replace ‘noble’ by ‘more (for showing comparison
comparison) quickly (adverb is needed so as to
between behaviours) nobly (adverb is needed so
convey the ‘manner’ in which the work is being
as to convey the ‘manner’ in which the work is
done)’.
being done)’.
Q.12.(1) Replace ‘sure’ by ‘surely’ as an adverb is needed
Q.5.(4) Replace ‘directly’ by ‘direct’.
here.
Q.6.(3) Replace ‘neither’ by ‘either’. ‘Either’ used to
Q.13.(3) Replace ‘miser’ by ‘miserly’
indicate a similarity or link with a statement just
made. Q.14.(1) Replace ‘never’ by ‘do not’
Q.7.(1) Delete ‘not’ as ‘seldom’ means ‘not often’. So, Q.15.(4) Replace ‘so’ by ‘very’.io
‘not’ is not required.
Q.16.(1) Replace ‘tireless’ by ‘tirelessly’ as an adverb is
Q.8.(1) Replace ‘much’ by ‘very’ as much is used to needed here to qualify the verb ‘tried’.
qualify uncountable nouns and here an adverb is
Q.17.(3) Replace ‘lately (recently)’ by ‘late (behind
required to qualify the adjective (hot).
schedule)’.
Q.9.(1) Replace ‘meet him often’ by ‘often meet him’.
Q.18.(3) Replace ‘soundly slept’ by ‘slept soundly’. The
‘Often’ should be used in front position, in mid
adverb qualifies the verb so it is placed before it.
position (between the subject and the main verb,

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Q.19.(2) Replace ‘nothing’ by ‘anything’ as the sentence as an adverb is required here to qualify the
gives a negative sense for which ‘any’ is adjective (unjustified).
appropriate.
Q.31.(2) Replace ‘coward’ with ‘cowardly’ to qualify the
Q.20.(2) Replace ‘too’ by ‘very’ as it is working as an ‘manner’.
adverb here to qualify the adjective (cold).
Q.32.(3) Omit the word “not” as ‘refuse’ already gives a
Q.21.(3) skillfully negative meaning.

Q.22.(4) died only five days Q.33.(4) Replace “sweetly” with “sweet” as the taste should
be described by an adjective, not by an adverb.
Q.23.(3) kind enough
Q.34.(2) Replace “too much” with “very”.
Q.24.(1) ‘carefully examined’ will be correct as ‘examined’
is not being used as a participle here. So, the adverb Q.35.(4) Replace “fluently French” with “French fluently”
‘carefully’ must qualify the verb ‘examined’. as the adverb

Q.25.(1) 'Hardly does she like'. Inversion will be used here. Q.36.(4) Replace “whole-hearted” with “whole-heartedly”
as an adverb is required here to fulfill
Q.26.(3) ‘Always’ is an adverb so it has to come after modal
verb ‘should’. Q.37.(4) Replace “nice” with “nicely” so as to qualify the
manner in which something has been said.
Q.27.(3) 'much too small' should be there
Q.38.(1) Replace “fastly” with “fast” as fastly is an
Q.28.(2) ‘Inadvertently’ should replace ‘inadvertent’ as an incorrect word.
adverb is needed to qualify the verb ‘make’.
Q.39.(3) Replace “hardly (only just)” with “hard (putting
Q.29.(4) ‘so is Asha’ should replace ‘so Asha is’. When one a lot of energy into an activity)”.
wants to repeat a statement without repeating the
Q.40.(2) Replace “carefully” with “careful (adj.)” which
whole sentence, inversion is applied.
qualifies the noun ‘approach’.
Q.30.(4) ‘Fairly unjustified’ should replace ‘fair unjustified’
Keep Practicing & Keep Learning

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CHAPTER

13 ERROR DETECTION
Error detection / spotting the errors section carries a good 1. Do regular practice with previous year’s papers. You
weightage of marks in various govt. exams. A number of can get dozens of papers and Practice tests to help you
aspirants face problem in attempting this section as it is in practicing various types of questions.
comparatively difficult than the rest. 2. Take the help of text books in order to improve your
Spotting error is one of the most important and scoring grammar as it plays an important role in such questions,
topics in English section of major govt. jobs recruitment you should strive to learn more and more rules.
exams. In order to excel in this specific section, you need to 3. During the exam, you must read the complete sentence
have proficiency in English grammar. carefully again and again and by doing this you will be
Under this section, you are provided with a paragraph/ able to spot the error easily. If not, then read each part
sentence containing certain errors which need to be recti- of the sentence individually and analyze what exactly
fied. Generally, these errors are related to parts of speech, is wrong with that part.
genders, infinitives, participles, the form of tenses, use of 4. Do not panic during the exam. Always stay ahead of
articles etc. Therefore, you require to be well aware of all the time and leave the questions which you find difficult
rules of grammar to solve spotting the errors in questions. for later.
Tips to Solve Spotting Errors Questions 5. Try to realize what kind of errors are asked frequently
in the exams and make a proper notes of it.
There are certain things which you must always remember.
In order to solve spotting errors in questions, you need to 6. The best way of improving grammar is practicing
practice a lot with regular improvement of English grammar. chapter wise with maximum questions, it will help you
recognize the important questions of that particular
Here are some points suggested: chapter instantly.
Keep Practicing & Keep Learning

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exercise level - 1
error. The error, if any, will be in one part of
EXERCISE- 1
the sentence. Find the error and mark your
Q.1-5. In the following questions, read each part answer. If all parts are correct, your answer is (5).
of the sentence to find out if there is any
Q.6. There were at that time (1)/ very little that
error. The error, if any, will be in one part of
families (2)/ could do to prevent (3)/ landlords from
the sentence. Find the error and mark your
evicting them. (4)/No error (5)
answer. If all parts are correct, your answer is (5).
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3
Q.1. (1) Russia, under President Vladimir Putin, is well
aware of the shifting (4) 4 (5) 5
(2) global economic balance of power in favour of Q.7 They would accept a coalition (1)/ as a step
Asia, toward absolute power (2)/ but has no intention
whatsoever (3)/ of sharing power in a liberal
(3) and understood that economic integration with
democratic state. (4)/ No error (5)
this region is the key
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3
(4) to Russia’s successful long-term economic
growth and geopolitical clout. (4) 4 (5) 5
(5) No error Q.8 A vast brown curtain, wrinkled (1)/ and puckered
and covered in fine (2)/ brown hairs, were
Q.2 (1) The Central Water Commission was set up in 1945
stretched (3)/ across a wide opening. (4)/ No
(2) and has for then continued to function error (5)
unreformed,
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3
(3) presiding over a development paradigm based
(4) 4 (5) 5
(4) on command-and-control over the rivers of India.
Q.9 The summer polar mesopause is the coldest (1)/ part
(5) No error of the atmosphere, with (2)/ temperatures reaching
Q.3 (1) India’s focus must be on strengthening public below 130K, (3)/ in spite being continuously
health systems sunlight. (4)/ No error (5)
(2) at all levels by investing in better infrastructure (1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3
as well as human resources (4) 4 (5) 5
(3) and on the same time, progress also needs to be
EXERCISE- 3
made
Q.10-14. In each of the following questions, two sentences
(4) on the regulation of the ever-growing private
are given which are divided into two parts i.e., (A)
sector.
and (B), either of them is free from errors. Find
(5) No error out which part of which sentence is incorrect.
Q.4 (1) NOTA, a choice of negative voting, is based on the If there is no error in both the sentences, mark
(2) principle that the spirit of democracy is upheld option (5) i.e. ‘Both are correct’ as your answer.
by giving Q.10. I. The tearing of our social fabric of trust is
(3) citizens a platform to voice their dissent while the (A)/ fountainhead of its current economic
malaise. (B)
(4) simultaneously participating in the electoral
process II. Technology start-ups, an important new engine
of economic growth (A)/ and jobs seems to live
(5) No error
under a shadow of constant surveillance and deep
Q.5 (1) When a government fail on ensure suspicion. (B)
(2) a life with dignity for the sick and (1) I-A, II-B (2) I-B, II-B (3) I-B, II-A
(3) the elderly, it loses all moral authority to (4) I-A, II-A (5) Both are correct
(4) deny people the right to a dignified death Q.11. I. A nation’s state of the economy is a function (A)/ and
(5) No error reflects of the state of its society. (B)
EXERCISE- 2 II. It is very important for businessmen and workers
Q.6-9. In the following questions, read each part to feel (A)/ confident and exuberance rather than
of the sentence to find out if there is any being fearful and nervous. (B)

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(1) I-A, II-B (2) I-B, II-B (3) I-B, II-A means (3)/ that certain factors are missing in
(4) I-A, II-A (5) Both are correct the equation.(4)/ No Error. (5)
Q.12 I. Aggrieved citizens find nowhere (A)/ to go to air (1) (1) & (3) (2) Only (4) (3) Only (2)
their grievances. (B) (4) (3) & (4) (5) Only (5)
II. Economic participants respond to social and Q.18 Relations between the science of archaeology as well
economic incentives, (A)/ not diktats or coercions as (1) /the hobby of using a metal detector to search
or public relations. (B) for (2)/buried artefacts have not always been of the
(1) I-A, II-B (2) I-B, II-B (3) I-B, II-A friendliest, although (3)/ hobbyists have made some
remarkable finds over the years.(4)/ No Error. (5)
(4) I-A, II-A (5) Both are correct
(1) Only (1) (2) (2) & (4) (3) Only (2)
Q.13 I. There is profound fear and distrusted among
people (A)/ who act as agents of economic (4) (3) & (4) (5) Only (5)
growth. (B) Q.19 A judge is, of course, the person whose job
II. Mutual trust and self-confidence are the bedrock is to make decisions (1)/ in a court of law.
of social (A)/ transactions among people that fosters While the role of judges varies in (2)/ different
economic growth. (B) judicial systems, in all of them a judge
is a person who decide, (3) /whether about the
(1) I-A, II-B (2) I-B, II-B (3) I-B, II-A
meaning of the law or about the outcome to a
(4) I-A, II-A (5) Both are correct particular case. (4) / No Error (5)
Q.14 I. This is an opportunity to catapult India to the next (1) (1) & (3) (2) (2) & (4) (3) (1) & (2)
phase of (A)/ economic development and creating
(4) (3) & (4) (5) Only (5)
new jobs for hundreds of millions of our youth. (B)
Q.20 Former TV anchor and producer, who got
II. India’s request for country-specific tariff
life sentence by a trial court (1)/ in December
schedules (A)/ were rejected early in the
last year for his wife's murder, has been
negotiations. (B)
acquitted (2)/ by Delhi High Court today. It
(1) I-A, II-B (2) I-B, II-B (3) I-B, II-A was thought that (3)/ he’d committed the crime but
(4) I-A, II-A (5) Both are correct there weren’t sufficient evidences to convict him.
EXERCISE- 4 (4)/ No Error (5)
Q.15-20. In each of the following questions, read each (1) Only 1 (2) Only 2 (3) Only 3
part of the sentence/short passage to find out (4) Only 4 (5) Only 5
if there is any error in it. The error, if any, EXERCISE- 5
will be in one or more part(s) of the sentence.
Q.21-24. Read the short passage to find out whether there
The number of that part (s) is the answer. If there
is any error in it. The error, if any, will be in
is no error, mark your answer as (5).
one part of the sentence. If the given sentence is
Q.15. The supermarket chain has launched (1) /a correct as it is, mark the answer as ‘No error’.
clothes-only website and hired designers
Q.21. India is poised to became the research-and-
(2) /ranging from actress Mischa Barton
development (1)/ capital of the world not
over (3) / trendy East End label Liquorish to
because of the (2)/ cost advantage, but due to
boost its range. (4) / No error. (5)
the rich (3)/ and intelligent human capital that
(1) Only (3) (2) (2) & (4) (3) (1) & (2) the country is bestowed with.(4)/ No Error (5)
(4) Only (1) (5) Only (5) (1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3
Q.16 She had been pared down like this before, (1) / (4) 4 (5) 5
when she had travel up the mountains (2) / into rare
Q.22. Police initially set out to arrest the men who
snow—alone in white (3) / not unlike being alone
had allegedly (1)/ carried out a daring robbery
in black. (4) / No error. (5)
in Raj Nagar but they soon found themselves
(1) (2) & (3) (2) Only (4) (3) Only (2) (2)/ tracking another case of robbery. The
(4) (3) & (4) (5) (5) number of cases (3)/ of robbery has risen by as many
Q.17 It appeared to me increasing paradoxical, and as 30% this year. (4)/ No Error (5)\
(1) / it has been my experience that when (1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3
paradox (2)/ crop up too often for comfort, it (4) 4 (5) 5

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Q.23. Since 2006, when then Prime Minister described Q.26 A. Cholesterol is found only in animal product,
the Maoist movement (1)/ as the greatest such as meats-especially organ meats-whole milk
internal security threatening, security forces products and the yolk of eggs
have (2)/ successfully gained in upper hand B. It's not who you are underneath, it's what you do
in areas (3)/ that were under the domination of the that defines you.
ultras. (4)/ No Error (5) C. Customers will be impressed by the expertise of
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 our higher trained employees
(4) 4 (5) 5 (1) Only A
Q.24. The reality is that Omicron is probably in most (2) Both B and C
(1)/ countries, even if it hasn’t been detected (3) Only B
yet. Even if (2)/ Omicron does cause less (4) Both A and C
severe disease, the sheer number (3)/ of cases
(5) All correct
could once again overwhelm unprepare health
systems (4)/ No Error (5) Q.27 A. Cut out the collage pieces and position them on
the backing and mark their places lightly with a
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3
pencil.
(4) 4 (5) 5
B. She was appointed as acting governor until an
EXERCISE- 6 election could be held.
Q.25-28. In each of the following questions, three sentences C. He was unwilling to make a prediction about
have been given which may or may not be which books would sell in the coming year.
grammatically correct.Find out the correct (1) Only A
sentences and mark your answer accordingly. If (2) Both B and C
all the sentences are correct, mark your answer (3) Only B
(5) i.e., All correct.
(4) Both A and C
Q.25. A. Bill has been warming the bench for three football (5) All correct.
season, he hopes that the coach will let him play this year.
Q.28 A. The anti-corruption movement gained
B. Quick massive air reinforcements of Malaya
momentum, with rural development activist sitting
could cut off and doom the Jap invaders.
on fast several times.
C. If the temperature is too high, the yeast will B. We have no more right to consumes happiness
mutate and produce unpleasant off flavours in the without producing it than to consume wealth
batter. without producing it.
(1) Only A C. Coal mines were allotted on a first-come-first-
serve basis, without due diligence and much below
(2) Both B and C
their realisable potential value.
(3) Only B (1) Only A (2) Both B and C
(4) Both A and C (3) Only B (4) Both A and C
(5) All correct (5) All correct

EXPLANATION level - 1
EXERCISE 1 EXERCISE 2
Q.1.(3) 'understands' will be correct as the sentence is in Q.6.(1) The subject is little. It is singular, so it requires
present tense. a singular verb.
Q.2.(2) 'since' will be used as definite time has been Q.7.(3) ‘had’ will replace ‘has’. It has sense of past.
mentioned. Q.8.(3) ‘was’ will replace ‘were’ as it refers to curtain.
Q.3.(3) Fragment 3 is erroneous due to usage of 'on' Q.9.(4) ‘of’ should be used with ‘in spite’.
instead of 'at' because it is referring to time. EXERCISE 3
Q.4.(5) No error. Q.10.(2) In sentence I, ‘our’ should replace ‘its’.
Q.5.(1) ‘fails’ should replace ‘fail’ and ‘to’ will replace In sentence II, ‘seem’ will be correct as there are
‘on’ as it is a purpose here. three things as subject.
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Q.11.(2) In sentence I, ‘reflection’ is correct as per the rule ‘of’ is used here instead of ‘to’ it predicts the
of parallelism. result of.
In sentence II, ‘exuberant’ will be correct as an Q.20.(4) ‘evidence’ is an uncountable noun so can’t be
adjective is needed to describe the state of busi- written in plural form. It should be ‘there wasn’t
nessmen and workers. sufficient evidence’.
Q.12.(5) Both are correct. EXERCISE 5
Q.13.(1) In sentence I, ‘distrust’ will be correct as a noun Q.21.(1) ‘became’ should be changed into ‘become’ as ‘to’
is required. takes ‘v1’ with it.
In sentence II, ‘foster’ will be correct as it is Q.22.(4) ‘as much as’ should be used in place of ‘as many
referring to ‘transactions’ which is a plural. as’ as 30% expresses here ‘quanity’.
Q.14.(2) In sentence I, ‘create’ will be correct due to the Q.23.(2) ‘threat’ will be used in place of ‘threatening’ as
rule of parallelism. it is used as a noun over here.
In sentence II, ‘was’ will be correct as the subject Q.24.(4) ‘unprepared’ will be used in place of ‘unprepare’
is ‘India’s request’ which is singular. as to qualify the noun ‘health systems’ an adjec-
EXERCISE 4 tive is required.
Q.15.(1) ‘to’ should be used with ‘ranging’ in place of ‘over’. EXERCISE 6
Q.16.(3) ‘travelled’ should be used here in place of ‘travel’ Q.25.(2) In sentence A, ‘seasons’ should replace ‘season’
as it is in past tense. as numeral adjective ‘three’ is given here.
Q.17.(1) ‘increasingly’ must be here instead Q.26.(3) In sentence A, ‘products (plural noun)’ should be
of ‘increasing’ an adverb is required. used as more than one product is talked about.
‘crops’ is used here as the subject is singular. In sentence C, ‘highly’ should replace ‘higher
Q.18.(1) ‘and’ should replace ‘as well as’; between is used (adjective)’ as an adverb is required here.
with and. Q.27.(5) All the given sentences are grammatically correct.
Q.19.(4) ‘decides’ should replace ‘decide’ as the subject Q.28.(4) In sentence B, ‘consume’ should be used here as
is singular. ‘to’ takes ‘v1’ with it.

exercise level - 2
Q.1. Choose the word which is grammatically wrong
EXERCISE- 1
as used in the passage.
Q.1-3. In the question given below, a passage is given
(1) government’s
with some highlighted words which may or may
not be grammatically correct. Three questions (2) both
related to the highlighted words are asked below (3) accurately
the passage. Read the passage carefully and
(4) independence
answer the questions.
(5) All are correctly used.
The Indian government’s conception of the war
memorial was not merely absent-minded. Rather, Q.2. Choose the word which is grammatically wrong
it accurately reflected the fact that academic history as used in the passage.
and popular memory both have yet to come to terms (1) accurately (2) has
with India’s Second World War, which continues (3) shared (4) India
to be seen as little more than mood music in the
drama of India advance towards independence and (5) All are correctly used.
partition in 1947. Further, the political trajectory Q.3. Choose the word which is grammatically wrong
of the postwar subcontinent has militated against as used in the passage.
popular remember of the war. With partition and the (1) which (2) independence
onset of the India-Pakistan rivalry, both of the new
(3) remember (4) merely
nations needed fresh stories for self-legitimization
rather than focusing on shared wartime experiences. (5) All are correctly used.

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a bipartisan committee comprising chief justice of
EXERCISE- 2
the local high court, state home minister and leader
Q.4-5. In the question given below, a passage is given of opposition.
with some highlighted words which may or may
(1) for, complaints
not be grammatically correct. Three questions
related to the highlighted words are asked below (2) needing, bipartisan
the passage. Read the passage carefully and (3) amongst, comprising
answer the questions.
(4) needing, eminent
One very old method used in the investigation of
(5) ever, complaints
past climate conditions involves the measurement of
water levels in ancient lakes. In temperate regions, Q.7. A. Governments and other institution across the
there are enough lakes for correlations among them world are intensely focused on saving our bodies
to give us a reliable picture. In arid and semiarid from Covid-19, while the virus is most brutal to
regions, on the other hand, the small number of the lungs it is known to extensively damage
lakes and the great distances among them reduce other vital organs and bodily systems too.
the possibilities for correlation. Moreover, since B. A very human instinct in the face of tragedy is
lake levels are controlled by rates of evaporation to look back at the person’s words for augury, the
as well as by precipitation, the interpretation of person being an actor in this case, the character he
such levels is ambiguous. For instance, the fact played also speak this.
that lake levels in the semiarid southwestern United (1) intensely, instinct
States appear to have been higher during the last (2) brutal, augury
ice age than they are now was at one time attributed
to increase precipitation. On the basis of snow-line (3) extensively, being
elevations, however, it has been concluded that the (4) institution, character
climate then was not necessarily wetter than it is (5) extensively, character
now, but rather that both summers and winters were
Q.8. A. When you want to read at night, you simply press
cooler, resulting in reduced evaporation.
a switch and the electric bulb gave you light.
Q.4. Choose the word which is grammatically wrong
B. The son of a poor stone-cutter, Socrates lived in
as used in the passage.
Athens about 400 B.C. and as a boy he
(1) Enough (2) Climate was ugly and undersize.
(3) Reliable (4) Basis (1) simply, lived
(5) All are correctly used (2) switch, ugly
Q.5. Choose the word which is grammatically wrong (3) electric, undersize
as used in the passage.
(4) simply, cutter
(1) reliable (2) ambiguous
(5) gave, undersize
(3) basis (4) increase
Q.9. A. Supreme Court and high courts have for
(5) All are correctly used decades come to the aid of beleaguered citizens
EXERCISE- 3 at the receiving end of this poor drafted law,
which essentially criminalises criticism of
Q.6-9. In each of the questions, two sentences are
government.
given with four bold words in each. These
words may or may not be grammatically B. I have received so many love and affection from
correct. Choose the option which consists the Indian people that nothing I can do to repay even
of the words used grammatically wrong in the a small fraction of it, and indeed there can be no
sentences. repayment of so precious a thing as affection.
Q.6. A. In India, women empowerment is needing more (1) beleaguered, affection
than ever, as it is amongst the countries which are (2) essentially, precious
not safe for women. (3) poor, many
B. As long as sedition stays in the rulebooks, (4) poor, fraction
Dua’s lawyer has offered the eminent sensible
suggestion that sedition complaints be vetted by (5) aid, fraction

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Q.14. I. The way they all keep on teasing me, (A)/ it seems
EXERCISE- 4
that intend to put me (B)/ on all the time. (C)
Q.10-12. In the following questions, three different II. Prospering in the senior ranks is a matter of (P)/
sentences are given. Find out the sentence(s) carefully combining work to home so (Q) / as not
consisting a grammatical error and mark your to lose themselves, their loved ones. (R)
answer accordingly. If all the sentences are (1) B-Q (2) A-R (3) C-Q
correct, your answer is (5). (4) A-P (5) B-R
Q.10. (A) Alexander the Great once encountered two Jain Q.15. I.The minister highlighted how Canada is (A)/
saints in India who were disinclined to show any working to strengthen his immigration system (B)/
deference to him. to reduce application backlogs and improve client
(B) If you leave the district now and promise not to experience.(C)
returned, the case against you would be withdrawn. II. I hope that we continue to wash our (P)/ hands
(C) The ability to speak truth to power has a hoary equally well in 2022, even after (Q)/ the pandemic
tradition in India and it is also true that it is easier has, hopefully, went away. (R)
for saints to be brave. (1) B-Q (2) A-Q (3) C-R
(4) A-P (5) B-R
(1) Only A (2) Only B (3) Only C
Q.16. I. He not only targeted (A)/ the politician but aimed
(4) Both B and C (5) All correct his articulate (B) / wife too, who’s not into politics.
Q.11. A. Killing by forethought felony was unnatural, (C)
against the law of nature. II. It is imperative that Aryan (P)/ land on his feet
B. From the abrogation of the special status of to be an (Q) / example for his younger siblings.(R)
Jammu and Kashmir, to the landmark Ayodhya (1) B-Q (2) A-Q (3) C-R
verdict, 2019 proved to be an eventful year. (4) A-P (5) B-R
C. Mr. Arora is not only sympathetic to the rich but Q.17. I. The closure of educational institutions (A)/ has
also to the poor. robbed young people, especially girls, (B)/ from
education and peer relationships. (C)
(1) Only A (2) Only B (3) Only C
II. With India facing the possibility of a third wave
(4) Both B and C (5) All correct (P)/ of infections, there is a need to act swiftly and
Q.12. A. Putting out a prudent message, Union find (Q)/ ways to safeguard the most vulnerable and
health minister have called for extra vigil worst effects. (R)
during the upcoming festival season in light of (1) B-Q (2) A-Q (3) C-R
the Covid-19 pandemic. (4) A-P (5) B-R
B. With Durga Puja, Navratri and Diwali around EXERCISE- 6
the corner, the festivals could turn super-spreaders
Q.18-22. In each of the following questions, each of
of covid-19.
the two sentences divided into two parts (A),
C. An expert committee on Covid-19 has warned (B) and (C), (D) respectively is given . Any
Delhi could see as many as 15,000 daily cases this two of these parts have grammatical errors.
winter. Choose the alternative consisting of the number
(1) Only A (2) Only B (3) Only C of grammatically wrong parts. If both the
(4) Both B and C (5) All correct sentences are grammatically correct, choose
option (5) i.e. No error.
EXERCISE- 5
Q.18. i. For long, most people were under the assumption
Q.13-17. In each of the following questions, two sentences
that cigarette filters are biodegradable (A)/ as they
divided into three parts have been given, Choose
consist cellulose acetate at least in a part, which is
the parts which are grammatically incorrect.
itself a natural product. (B)
Q.13. I. The opposition politician who is being (A)/
targeted is one of the favourite son (B) / of the ruling ii. Cellulose acetate fibres used as the predominant
dispensation at the Centre.(C) filter (C)/ material do not ready biodegrade due to
II. The investigating officer (P)/ has been a part of the acetyl groups on the cellulose backbone, which
the most (Q)/ oppressed portions of our society. (R) itself can be degraded.(D)
(1) B-Q (2) A-Q (3) C-R (1) A and B (2) A and C (3) B and D
(4) A-P (5) B-R (4) C and D (5) No Error

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Q.19. i. The program seeks innovative ideas for small and cost- Q.21. i. The proposed mission would investigate how
constrain missions (A) that can help unravel the mysteries giant weather storms from the Sunspace (A)/ calls
of the universe and explore our place in it. (B) solar particle storms, are accelerated and released
ii. Four video projectors are positioned at 90 into planetary space. (B)
degree increments around the sphere which ii. The Science on a Sphere is an educational
acts as (C)/ the screen and each projector is tool in which real-time planetary or space
responsible for one quadrant of screen data are (C)/ transformed to visual images
space and projects images seamlessly. (D) and shown on a suspended globe rather than
(1) A and B (2) A and C (3) B and D a flat screen. (D)
(4) C and D (5) No Error (1) A and B (2) A and C (3) B and D
Q.20. i. Space weather is important because it can (4) C and D (5) No Error
have profound impacts affecting technology Q.22. i. Recently the scientists have learned that solar
and (A)/ astronauts in space, disrupting variability is not enough to (A)/ drive the changes
radio communications and, at it’s most observed and Earth’s weather also must having an
severe, overwhelming power grids.(B) effect. (B)
ii. The new experiment will obtain global ii. To help unravel that connection, the system
observations of an important driver of space (C) / will investigate how waves in the lower
weather in dynamic region of upper atmosphere atmosphere, (C)/ caused by variations in the
that can cause interference with radio and GPS densities of different packets of air, impacts
communications.(D) the upper atmosphere. (D)
(1) A and B (2) A and C (3) B and D (1) A and B (2) A and C (3) B and D
(4) C and D (5) No Error (4) C and D (5) No Error
EXPLANATION level - 2
Q.8.(5) In sentence A, there should be ‘gives’ in place of
EXERCISE 1
‘gave’ because the sentence in the first part is given
Q.1.(2) Sol: ‘academic history and popular memory in the present form.
both’ should be ‘both academic history and
In sentence B, there should be ‘undersized’ in place
popular memory’ as 'both' is used before the
of ‘undersize’ as adjective is required there.
elements.
Q.9.(3) In sentence A, there should be ‘poorly’ in place of
Q.2.(4) ‘India’s advance’ is the correct structure here.
‘poor’ because as an adverb is required to qualify
Q.3.(3) “remembrance’ should be used at the place of the adjective (drafted) for the noun (law).
‘remember’.
In sentence B, there should be ‘much’ in place of
EXERCISE 2 ‘many’ because ‘much’ is used before uncountable
Q.4.(2) ‘climatic’ should be used in place of ‘climate’ as an noun.
adjective is required. EXERCISE 4
Q.5.(4) ‘Increased’ is to be written in place of ‘increase’. Q.10.(4) B- Replace ‘returned’ with ‘return’ as to +V1 is the
An adjective is required here. infinitive structure.
EXERCISE 3 C- Replace ‘and’ with ‘but’ as two contrasting ideas
Q.6.(4) In the sentence A, there should be ‘needed’ in place are joined here.
of ‘needing’ as to express passive voice form here. Q.11.(3) C- put sympathetic before ‘not only’ as the relative
In the sentence B, there should be ‘eminently’ in conjunction always takes the same part of speech
place of ‘eminent’ because it is qualifying adjective after both its pair.
so adverb should be used there. Q.12.(1) A- Replace ‘have’ with ‘has’ as the subject is singular.
Q.7.(4) In the statement A, there should be ‘institutions’ in EXERCISE 5
place of ‘institution’ because “other +plural noun”
Q.13.(5) In part B- ‘sons’ should replace ‘son’ as plural
is used.
subject is used after ‘one of the/none of the’ etc.
In the statement B, there should ‘characters (plural
In part R- ‘portions’ should replace ‘portion’ as
noun)’ in place of ‘character’ according to the verb
singular subject should be used after ‘the most’
'speak' mentioned further.
(superlative degree).
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Q.14.(3) In part C- ‘put out’ is the correct phrase which means
EXERCISE 6
‘upset or annoy someone’.
Q.18.(3) In part B: add ‘of’ after 'consist'.
In part Q- In place of ‘work to home’ should be In part D: ‘readily’ at the place of ‘ready’ as 'biodegrade'
‘work and home’. is a verb and we need an adverb to qualify it.
Q.15.(5) In part B- ‘its’ should replace ‘his' according to Q.19.(2) In part A: ‘cost-constrained (past participle as an
'Canada'. adjective) missions’ should be written.
In part R- ‘gone’ should replace ‘went’ as V3 is used In part C: ‘act’ should replace ‘acts’ according to
after ‘has/have/had’. 'four video projectors' a plural subject.
Q.20.(3) In part B : its should be used at the place of it’s
Q.16.(1) In part B- Put ‘also’ after ‘but’ as ‘not only…but In part D: add ‘a’ before ‘dynamic region’
also’ is used in pair. Q.21.(3) In part B: ‘call’ at the place of ‘calls’ according to
In part Q- ‘lands’ should replace ‘land’ as subject 'storms' a plural subject.
is singular- Aryan. In part D: ‘transformed into’ at the place of
Q.17.(3) In part C- ‘rob’ takes ‘of’ with it accordingly ‘from’ ‘transformed to’, when any change in appearance
or surface takes place 'into' is used.
should be changed into ‘of’.
Q.22.(3) In part B: 'must have' or 'must be having' should be
In part R- ‘affected’ should replace ‘effects’ as there.
adjective form is needed to qualify the hidden noun In part D: ‘impact’ should replace ‘impacts’
‘persons’. according to 'waves'
PREVIOUS YEAR PAPER QUESTIONS
(BASED ON MEMORY)
Q.1-5. In each of the following questions, two sentences II. New statistically matrices have been able to
are given each of which is divided into two pinpoint fielding lapses, (C) batting issues and
parts i.e., (A), (B) and (C), (D). Either of them is bowling drawback.(D)
free from errors. Find out which part of which (1) A-C (2) B-D (3) A-D
sentence is incorrect. If there is no error in both
(4) B-C (5) Both are correct
the sentences, mark option (5) i.e. ‘Both are
correct’ as your answer. Q.4. I. There had been fears of continuing confrontation
between the people (A)/ and security forces; that
(SBI CLERK PRE 2019)
has, mercifully, not happened. (B)
Q.1. I. Most Indian states provide unmetered farm
II. Economically constrained families are shifting
powered to farmers. (A)/ Often, that power is
their children (C)/ from free government schools
of low quality. (B)
to private English-medium schools.(D)
II. Farm power rationing is ineffective because
(1) A-C (2) B-D (3) A-D
farmers convert (C)/ single-phase power to
three-phase and run their pumps far longer.(D) (4) B-C (5) Both are correct
Q.5. I. If public universities with good quality and
(1) A-C (2) B-D (3) A-D
affordable education begin to crumble,(A)/
(4) B-C (5) Both are correct the spirit of egalitariasm democracy will be in
Q.2. I. The continuing impasse over Brexit has brought danger.(B)
an entire continent to a standstill. (A)/ It has also II. The report covers dimensions of nutrition, some
strained the very unity of the United Kingdom. of which are new and important, (C)/and thereby
(B) herald a new beginning in collecting national
II. The attainment of financial, environmental and level nutrition data. (D)
social sustainable (C)/ and equity of services is (1) A-C (2) B-D (3) A-D
currently the goal of urban development. (D) (4) B-C (5) Both are correct
(1) A-C (2) B-D (3) A-D Q.6-10. In each of the following questions, read each part
(4) B-C (5) Both are correct of the sentence to find out if there is any error
Q.3. I. A limitation of many previous studies is that in it. The error, if any, will be in one part of the
they do not distinguish between (A)/ transitional sentence. The number of that part is the answer.
and long-term effects, and tend to highlight the If there is no error, mark your answer as (5).
transitional ones. (B) (SBI PO PRE 2019)

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Q.6.. The captain of the German cricket team was (2) Hunting was a popular activity during the earlier
supposed to (1)/ announce his retirement from (C)/times and the kings indulged in the same quite
international duty (2)/ with immediate effect which often. (D).
was being speculated (3)/ by committee members (1) A-B (2) A-C (3) B-C
for a while now.(4)/ No error(5) (4) C-D (5) No Error
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 Q.13. (1) Being from different cultural backgrounds, (A)/
(4) 4 (5) 5 the two family find it hard to get along. (B)
Q.7. The Union Home Minister will undertake an aerial (2) Peacock has been a source of inspiration for
(1)/ survey of flood-affected areas in Assam (2)/ and (C)/ painters, poets and other artists from times
it is high time the minister takes (3)/ a concrete step immemorial. (D)
towards the betterment of situation.(4) No error(5) (1) A-B (2) B-D (3) A-C
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) C-D (5) No Error
(4) 4 (5) 5 Q.14. (1) He put the birds softly, one by one, (A)/
Q.8. Goa Legislative Assembly Speaker expressed into there warm little home. (B)
unhappiness (1)/ over “anti-democratic” conduct of (2) A postman wears a khaki uniform and (C)/holds
(2)/ certain MLAs who staged a walkout (3)/ from a bag full of letters in his shoulder (D).
House after create a ruckus. (4)/No error(5) (1) B-D (2) A-D (3) B-C
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) A-C (5) No Error
(4) 4 (5) 5 Q.15. (1) The peacock throne were embedded with (A)/
Q.9. As heavy rains lashed Delhi,(1)/ traffic was thrown numerous jewels that added to its beauty (B).
out of gear with vehicles moving on (2)/ snail’s (2) The opening to the cave was only (C)/ a narrow
pace on several roads due to waterlogging, causing hole among two rocks (D).
hardships to thousands of office(3)/ goers and other (1) B-D (2) B-C (3) A-C
commuters throughout the day.(4)/No error(5) (4) A-D (5) No Error
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 Q.16-20. Read each part of the sentence to find out if there
(4) 4 (5) 5 is any error in it. The error, if any, will be in one
Q.10. The nationwide strike by public sector banks part of the sentence. The number of that part is the
employees(1)/ figured in Rajya Sabha as the answer. If there is no error, mark your answer as (5).
opposition asked(2)/ the government to respond (LIC ASISTANT 2019)
to the demands(3)/ rose by the bank unions.(4)/No Q.16. The External Affairs Minister will hold extensive
error(5) talks with her (1)/ Saudi Arabian counterpart during
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 which she will discuss (2)/ entire gamut of bilateral
(4) 4 (5) 5 ties besides regional and (3)/ global issues of mutual
Q.11-15. In each of the following questions, two sentences interests. (4)/ No Error(5)
divided into two parts (A), (B) and (C), (D) are given. (1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3
Any two of these parts have grammatical errors. (4) 4 (5) 5
Choose the alternative consisting of the number of Q.17. The Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh appealed
grammatically wrong parts. If both the sentences are to the (1)/ people to adopt the concept of ‘’Swachh
grammatically correct, choose option (5) i.e. No error. Bharat Mission’’ with a (2)/ sense of responsibility
(IBPS PO PRE 2019) and not to treat it ( 3 ) / a s m e r e g o v e r n m e n t
Q.11. (1) Computer are data storage and processing device, programme. (4)/ No Error (5)
(A)/ that was once seen as a luxury has become a (1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3
necessity these days. (B) (4) 4 (5) 5
(2) India boasts of a number of beautiful (C)/birds Q.18. Seeking to promote woman entrepreneurs,
with different feature and habits. (D). particularly (1)/ from rural parts of the country,
government on the (2)/ international women’s day,
(1) A-B (2) A-D (3) B-C
launched a first-of-its-kind website (3)/ that would
(4) C-D (5) No Error offer them a platform to sell their products. (4)/ No
Q.12. (1) Computer is a high end device that receives Error (5)
and (A)/ processes data to provide the right output (1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3
swiftly and easily. (B) (4) 4 (5) 5
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Q.19. Thousands bade tearful farewell to former (1)/ Lok Q.26-30. In the following question, a sentence divided
Sabha Speaker Purno A Sangma as his remains (2)/ into four parts is given. Choose the part which
were laid to rest at his hometown Tura, the district contains a grammatical error, if all the parts are
(3)/ headquarter of West Garo Hills. (4)/ No Error grammatically correct, choose option (5) as the
(5) correct choice.
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (RBI ASSISTANT 2020)
(4) 4 (5) 5 Q.26. (1) In most remote areas, even today
Q.20. While undertaking visits abroad organised by (2) people do not have access to
(1)/ foreign organisations and individuals, MPs (3) mobile phones but still have no
should ensure that (2)/ none of the activities give (4) electricity connection to their homes
an unintended impression that (3)/ they are on an
(5) No error
official visit on behalf of Parliament. (4)/ No Error
(5) Q.27. (1) The employees with less
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (2) emotional and personal problems
(3) tend to be more efficient
(4) 4 (5) 5
(4) and productive in their work
Q.21-25. Read each part of the sentence to find out if
there is any error in it. The error, if any, will be (5) No error
in one part of the sentence. The number of that Q.28. (1) At times one has difficulty
part is the answer. If there is no error, mark your (2) in understanding a scientific
answer as (5). (3) equation which doesn’t related to
Q.21. Although a huge amount of funds have been doled (4) our daily working conditions
out (1)/ for widen some of the major city roads,
(5) No error
the municipal corporation (2)/ has never made any
efforts (3)/ to clear the encroachment on footpaths. Q.29. (1) When over 190 countries came
(4)/ No error (5) (2) together in Paris to make a joint
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (3) declaration against climate change,
(4) 4 (5) 5 (4) the mood was buoyant and upbeat
Q.22. As mostly of the residents are working couples (1)/ (5) No error
they generally put their waste (2)/ in a carry bag and Q.30. (1) He decided to
drop it (3)/ in one of the dustbins placed on the road (2) read the Times for
(4)/ No error (5) (3) best knowledge of the
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) facts and current news
(4) 4 (5) 5 (5) No error
Q.23. Every (1)/ insect, leaf, bird and animal (2)/ has the Q.31-35.In each of the following questions, three sentences
right to living (3)/ like the human beings. (4)/ No are given which are divided into two parts i.e., (A)
error (5) and (B), either of them is free from errors. Find
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 out which part of which sentence is correct. If
there is no error in all the three sentences, mark
(4) 4 (5) 5
option (5) i.e. ‘All are correct’ as your answer.
Q.24. They first sun dried the garbage (1)/ for one to three (IBPS PO MAINS 2019)
days (2)/ and bring down the moisture level (3)/
(1) I-A, II-B, III-A (2) I-B, II-A, III-B
before recycling it (4)/ No error (5)
(3) I-A, II-B, III-B (4) I-A, II-A, III-A
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3
(5) All are correct
(4) 4 (5) 5
Q.31. I. Ever since I have stepped into adolescence,
Q.25. The library (1)/ if used properly, (2)/ is an invaluable I have built interest in many areas (A)/ but I
in helping you (3)/ develop discernment. (4)/ No primarily like singing, dancing and to paint. (B).
error (5)
II. Wary of the risks involved, I am hopeful to
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 secure a loan (A)/ so as to make arrangements
(4) 4 (5) 5 for my sister’s marriage. (B)

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III. As far as my anticipation is concerned, there is (1) A-R (2) A-Q (3) B-P
no (A)/ hope of the fog’s lifting by the end of (4) C-R (5) C-Q
the day. (B)
Q.37. (1) Prostate carcinoma is certainly difficult to detect,
Q.32. I. The Scottish National Party is a Scottish
(A)/ as it is very small in the earlier stages and
Nationalist (A)/ and social democretic political
(B)/ difficult to palpate in early cancer diagnosis.
party in Scotland. (B)
(C)
II. Economic rationality should prevail over base
sentiments and the nation (A)/ must elect a (2) Programs written in the basic language (P)/are
government that’s clear about what’s best for usually ran through an interpreter, (Q)/though
the economy. (B) some can be compiled. (R)
III. The World Bank was set up to provide a steady (1) A-R (2) A-Q (3) B-Q
stream of (A)/ patient capital to help reconstruct (4) C-R (5) C-P
western economies. (B)
Q.38. (1) The social interaction mediated through (A)/
Q.33. I. To die with honour is better (A)/ than living with
the visual channel in social media can be (B)/
dishonour. (B)
an effective mechanism for cultural diffuse. (C)
II. After taken the lunch, he immediately left (A)/
from there and went to the hospital. (B). (2) Investigative agencies would be better (P)/
III. We appreciate you taking out the time (A)/ to advised to focus on gather relevant (Q)/ material
meet us and bless us with your kind thoughts. or moving for an early trial. (R)
(B) (1) A-R (2) A-Q (3) B-P
Q.34. I. Despite my perpetual efforts, he killed his (4) C-R (5) C-Q
sportsman spirit and (A)/ forbade him not to Q.39. (1) The identity of his parents is still unknown, (A)/
take part in the competition (B). but he appears to have been a member of a (B)/
II. Owing to its economic problems, the MNC that distinguish and influential noble family. (C)
I work (A)/ in has delayed to give pay raises.
(B) (2) The portal will provide property listings, (P)/
III. The company from which we rented a car wasn’t information and data research, and on the long
happy with the (A)/ state of the car and made us term (Q)/will be a transaction exchange for the
paying $100 extra. (B) industry. (R)
Q.35. I. International action can solve many of the (1) A-R (2) A-Q (3) B-P
world’s pressing problems (A)/ such as global (4) C-R (5) C-Q
heating, money laundering, tax evasion or Q.40. (1) Praise him when they have (A)/resisted the
terrorism (B). temptation to buy (B)/ something they want. (C)
II. My mother dissuaded me to try for an occupation
which involves (A)/ risk of losing of one’s life (2) He was told that the company (P)/ had checked
namely a soldier’s. (B) and his name was (Q)/ not on the passenger
III. I asked her whether he minds me asking a manifested. (R)
question related to (A)/ his growing proximity (1) A-R (2) A-Q (3) B-P
with my only best friend. (B) (4) C-R (5) C-Q
Q.36-40. In the following questions, each of the two Q.41. In the following question, a sentence is given
sentences divided into three parts (A), (B), (C) with errors in two parts. Find the incorrect parts
and (P), (Q), (R) respectively is given. Any two and mark the option accordingly. If all parts are
of these parts have grammatical errors. Choose correct, mark your answer as ‘all correct’.
the alternative consisting of the number of
(LIC ASSISTANT MAINS 2019)
grammatically wrong parts.
(IBPS CLERK MAINS 2020) The database is a reminder that the big (A)/
Q.36. (1) The Commission agrees that company benefiting contentious debates of Indian spiritual, (B)/ political,
(A)/from structural funds will have to reimburse economic and social life are not (C)/ often accurately
(B)/ the money if they leave within seven years. reflected on the big, and conventional figures (D)/
(C) we all study or distil in books. (E)
(2) The materialistic perception and the need of (1) Both B and C (2) Both A and E
luxury products (P)/ have increased immense (3) Both C and D (4) Both D and E
to lead a comfortable and (Q)/luxurious life
(5) All correct
regardless of whether it is needed or not.(R)
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Q.42. In the following question, a sentence is given Q.47. (1) The restaurant is full
with errors in two parts. Find the incorrect parts (2) booked this evening, but
and mark the option accordingly. If all parts are (3) we will let you know
correct, mark your answer as ‘all correct’.
(4) if there are any cancellations.
Fiscal stimulus is fast running out of wiggle room
(5) No error
(A)/ and naturally, the expectations will be for
Q.48. (1) It never ceases to amaze me how
interest rate cuts (B)/ from the central bank, (C)/
but easing monetary policy to revive (D)/ demand (2) the business world
is a bit like pushing on a string. (E) (3) continues to trivialize the
(1) Both B and C (2) Both A and E (4) world’s environmental problems.
(3) Both C and D (4) Both D and E (5) No Error
(5) All correct Q.49. (1) Eternal truth will be neither true
Q.43. In the following question, a sentence is given (2) nor eternal unless they
with errors in two parts. Find the incorrect parts (3) have fresh meaning for
and mark the option accordingly. If all parts are (4) every new social situation.
correct, mark your answer as ‘all correct’. (5) No Error
Regulatory gaps, arbitrage and turf (A)/ wars harms Q.50-54. In the following question, a sentence is given
the investor as retired bureaucrats, (B)/ sometimes which is divided into four parts i.e., (A), (B), (C)
with very little understanding (C)/ of the market, are and (D). Find out which part contains an error. If
given (D)/ a free reign to an entire market. (E) there is no error in all the four parts, mark option
(1) Both B and C (2) Both C and D (5) i.e. ‘No Error’ as your answer.
(3) Both B and E (4) Both D and E (IBPS PO PRE 2021)
(5) All correct Q.50. A. The party which wins after
Q.44. In the following question, a sentence is given B. such a bloody campaign will struggle
with errors in two parts. Find the incorrect parts C. to woo investors to the state
and mark the option accordingly. If all parts are D. and rebuild social cohesion.
correct, mark your answer as ‘all correct’.
E. No error
The FASTag is a technology which (A)/ time was (1) A (2) B (3) C
here some time ago, and (B)/ in the larger scheme of
things, objections (C)/ for it on grounds of nostalgia (4) D (5) E
will be (D)/ understandably ignored or dismissed as Q.51. A. His unusual journey as a cricketer provides
being Luddite. (E) B. an entry point into the diversity
(1) Both B and C (2) Both A and D C. of ways by which Indian cricket unearth
(3) Both D and E (4) Both C and D D. talent to represent the country.
(5) All correct E. No error
Q.45-49. In the question, read each part of a sentence and (1) A (2) B (3) C
find out the part which has a grammatical error.
(4) D (5) E
If all the parts are free from error, choose option
(5) i.e. no error. Q.52. A. The government announced this week that
(IBPS CLERK PRE 2021) B. it has received multiple expressions of interest
Q.45. (1) Everyone knew each other C. for the airline and will now take
(2) well, except for the D. the transaction to the next stage
(3) new guy Rocky, who is the E. No error.
(4) joker in the pack. (1) A (2) B (3) C
(5) No error (4) D (5) E
Q.46. (1) As we express our gratitude, Q.53. A. It makes no sense to be suspicious
(2) we must never forget that the highest B. of foreign ownership but managerial
(3) appreciation is not to utter C. expertise in civil aviation when
(4) words, but to live by it. D. we cannot afford to be insular.
(5) No error E. No error
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(1) A (2) B (3) C III. The CEO must pay attention to the old plans first
(4) D (5) E (A)/ rather than embarking at new ones. (B)
Q.54. A. While doctors is monitoring her (1) I-A, II-B, III-B (2) I-B, II-B,III-B
B. to ensure that she and her baby are safe, (3) I-A, II-B, III-A (4) I-A, II-A, III-B
C. it is a medical fact that stress (5) No error
D. can lead to miscarriages. Q.60. I. The success of alcohol prohibition is only (A)/
E. No error a matter of effective implementation of the law.
(1) A (2) B (3) C (B)
(4) D (5) E II. Smartphone-based apps running on a shared
Q.55-58. Read the sentence given below and find out (A)/ public utility have topped domestic Indian
whether there is an error in it, the error- if any; payments. (B)
will be in one part of the sentence. If there is no III. “Natural gas accounted for about 13% of (A)/
error, the answer will be (5) i.e. No error. OIL’s upstream revenue in FY21” said Fitch
(SBI CLERK PRE 2021) Ratings. (B)
Q.55. All banks must (1)/ necessary keep a certain (2)/ (1) I-A, II-B, III-B (2) I-B, II-B, III-B
percentage of deposits (3)/with the Reserve Bank (3) I-A, II-B, III-A (4) I-A, II-A, III-B
(4). No error (5) (5) No error.
(1) 1 (2) 2  (3) 3 Q.61. I. The film is let off by a convoluted plot (A)/ in
(4) 4 (5) No Error which nothing really happens. (B)
Q.56. It is rather silly for the Opposition to blame (1)/ the II. The killings are a one-off incident carried out
Modi government for (2)/ rising fuel prices and hold by the (A)/ terrorists to send a message to its
strikes to demand (3)/ rollback of prices. (4)/. No declining support base. (B)
error (5)
III. She had never been remote (A)/ jealous of
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 anyone as she is of her. (B)
(4) 4 (5) No Error (1) I-A, II-B, III-B (2) I-B, II-B, III-B
Q.57. A populist grievance (1)/ cannot be a sustain basis
(3) I-A, II-B, III-A (4) I-A, II-A,III-A
(2)/ for challenging an (3)/ incumbent government.
(4)/ No error (5) (5) No error
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 Q.62. I. MRPL want to stores a different grade (A)/ of
(4) 4 (5) No Error crude in it, two of the sources said. (B)
Q.58. Custom takes time to catch up with the law — II. The party still has the will and capacity (A)/ to
witness (1)/ a number of reprehensible customs, target both state or centre representatives. (B)
ranging from dowry and female foeticide (2)/ to III. Lead by Greyhounds, the Special Forces unit,
under-age marriage and discrimination in the basis (A)/ the police had since contained the activities
of caste (3)/ and religion. (4)/. No error (5) of Maoists. (B)
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (1) I-A, II-B, III-B (2) I-B, II-B, III-B
(4) 4 (5) No Error (3) I-A, II-B,III-A (4) I-A, II-A, III-B
Q.59-63. In the following question, three sentences are (5) No error
given which are divided into two parts (A) and
Q.63. I. Rohan has been both an intelligent (A)/ and
(B), either of them is free from errors. Find out
hardworking since his childhood. (B)
which part of which sentence contains an error. If
there is no error in all the sentences, mark option II. The moral issues posed by revolutions (A)/ are
(5) i.e. ‘No Error’ as your answer. practically important and theoretically complex
both.(B)
(SBI PO PRE 2021)
Q.59. I. Individuals are now able to access high- III. India being one of the world’s fastest growing
quality (A)/ learns from top-rated colleges and economics, (A)/ many international companies
universities sitting right at home. (B) are invested in India. (B)
II. Innovation in payments is a bigger phenomenon (1) I-A, II-B,III-B (2) I-B, II-B, III-B
(A)/ in emerging markets but in developed (3) I-A, II-B, III-A (4) I-A, II-A, III-B
economies. (B) (5) No error
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Q.64-68. In the following question, three sentences have (1) Only A (2) Only B
been given. Choose the sentence(s) which are (3) Both A and B (4) Both B and C
grammatically correct. (5) All correct
(IBPS PO MAINS 2022) Q.68. A. There are reports that Pakistan is fencing off a
Q.64. A. The pandemic is unarguably most consequential large part of Gwadar city to protect Chinese projects
global event of 2020, a risk publicly anticipated, as in the port area.
recently as 2019, by US Intelligence. B. A good strategy would be to wait and watch,
B. The pandemic brought home the costs of historical rather than to either work itself into a lather or try
failures such as neglect of public health systems or to imitate tactics.
of infectious diseases. C. Given the power differential between India and
C. The economic response to the shock was a the China-Pakistan axis, New Delhi has its work cut
combined fiscal and monetary stimulus with out defending its own borders.
unforeseen consequences lurking at the shadows. (1) Only A (2) Only B
(1) Only A (2) Only B (3) Both A and B (4) Both B and C
(3) Both A and C (4) Both B and C (5) All correct
(5) All correct Q.69-73. Read the THREE sentences i.e. (A), (B) and (C)
Q.65. A. The geopolitical rivalry among the US and China given below respectively and try to find out the
sharpened with the pandemic. sentence(s) which is/are INCORRECT among
B. President Donald Trump was a political victim them and mark your answer.
of the virus and his defeat may pave the way for the (RRB CLERK MAINS 2021)
US to again take up a global leadership role. Q.69. A. RBI had then said the payments network would
C. The pandemic marks the end of the post-Cold War be allowed to charge fees for transactions.
phase of globalisation, characterised by a degree of B. A large part of the retail payments are processed
naiveté. by NPCI.
(1) Only A (2) Only B C. The new entities would also earn interest from
(3) Both A and C (4) Both B and C the float that customers maintain in their online
(5) All correct payments accounts.
Q.66. A. India is a country, always in election mode, with (1) Only A (2) Only B
elections in different states coming up at different (3) Both A and B (4) Only C
times. (5) All are incorrect
B. The party has no other alternative but to grow Q.70. A. Social distancing should be strictly followed and
their foot-print and this may come at the expense no student will be force to come to the school.
of some regional parties.
B. By its brevity, that one word expands to fill the
C. Where new geographies like Bengal and Tamil scene, and remains as a lasting memory.
Nadu are waiting to be annexed, it helps to have well
C. Majority of consumers across demographics and
governed states to showcase as promises of what lies
geographies are reimagining their values and basing
ahead.
purchasing decision.
(1) Only A (2) Only B
(1) Only A (2) Only B
(3) Both A and B (4) Both B and C
(3) Both A and B (4) Only C
(5) All correct
(5) All are incorrect
Q.67. A. Amid existing tensions between India and the
Q.71. A. It’s liking that RBI will wait and watch before
China, reports have come in that New Delhi has
proceeding with the new policy.
informally asked airlines not to fly Chinese nationals
into the country. B. The popular UPI, Bharat Bill Pay and RuPay are
some retail payment platforms operated by NPCI.
B. There’s no denying that ever since the Galwan
Valley clashes in June, ties between the two sides C. Many employees felt left around after the
have dipped sharply. inclusion of only a few employees for the incentives.
C. China has been trying to capitalise on the Covid (1) Only A (2) Only B
pandemic and unilaterally pushed their territorial (3) Both A and C (4) Only C
and maritime claims. (5) All are incorrect
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Q.72. A. It has been decided to resume schools, colleges, Q.79-83. In the following question, two sentences
coaching activities in Delhi with all precautions, in divided into two parts each, are given. Any two
a phased manner. of these parts have grammatical errors. Choose
B. Seen from a distance, though, they create an the alternative consisting of the initials of the
indelible impression in people’s memories of our city. grammatically wrong parts. If both the sentences
C. The research found that five distinct areas are are grammatically correct, choose option (5) i.e.
increasingly driving consumers purchasing decisions. No error.
(1) Only A (2) Only B (SBI PO MAINS 2022)
(3) Both A and B (4) Only C Q.79. I. Nepal Prime Minister recommendation to dissolve
(5) All are incorrect Parliament, has pushed (A)/ the young democracy
Q.73. A. The text is dense, yet accessible to someone with into an unprecedented constitutional crisis and
only an indelible knowledge of Greek myths. political turmoil. (B)
B. The Party is giving the entirely credit to the Indian II. With nearly a dozen countries at Europe and
armed forces for this victory and the creation of the elsewhere temporarily (C)/ banning travel from the
new nation. U.K. after a new variant of the novel corona virus.
C. Due to pressure from the government, banks are (D)
accepting the new policies reluctantly. (1) A and B (2) A and C (3) B and D
(1) Only A (2) Only B (4) C and D (5) No Error
(3) Both A and B (4) Only C Q.80. I. A significant fall in India’s Covid cases and death
(5) All are incorrect toll this past week (A)/must not lull authorities or
Q.74-78. Read each part of the sentence to find out if there citizens into sense of complacency.(B)
is any error. The error, if any, will be in one part II. The country’s president acceded to the request
of the sentence. Find the error and mark your but announced (C )/ that elections will be held over
answer. If all parts are correct, your answer is (5). April and May next year.(D)
(SBI CLERK MAINS 2021) (1) A and B (2) A and C (3) B and C
Q.74. (1) China has asked India to approach (4) C and D (5) No Error
(2) Taiwan-related issues prudent amid reports Q.81. I. Nepal has been hit hard by the fallout of the
(3) that New Delhi was looking to start trade pandemic (A)/ as tourism and remittances play
(4) negotiations with Taipei important roles in the economy.(B)
(5) No error II. They have a unique relationship, as an open
Q.75. (1) The withdrawal of the Tanishq advertisement border and free movement(C )/ of people between
(2) celebrating interfaith marriage and harmony sovereign neighbours are rarely seen anywhere else
(3) are symptomatic of the larger malaise in Asia.(D)
(4) that afflicts our society today. (1) A and B (2) A and C (3) B and C
(5) No error (4) C and D (5) No Error
Q.76. (1) Beijing is courting Dhaka as well, Q.82. I. It is a tragic irony for UK of being between the
(2) and if we diss Bangladesh for petty reasons last dying from Covid-19 (A)/ just when mass
(3) of domestic politics we will lose the economic vaccination is around the corner.(B)
(4) as well as the strategic game. II. Punjab have the highest case fatality rate among
(5) No error states and must increase (C )/ random testing with
Q.77. (1) In the Hadiya case, the Kerala court made the farm agitation undermining social distancing
(2) constitutionally unacceptable and deeply norms.(D)
patriarchal observations (1) A and B (2) A and C
(3) while nullifying the marriage of a 26-year-old (3) B and C (4) C and D
woman (5) No Error
(4) and handing over her custody to her parents. Q.83. I. The lower tiers of government at municipal,
(5) No error district and block levels (A)/ are forming task forces
Q.78. (1) The new labour codes cut inspector raj, to coordinate the inoculation efforts. (B
(2) lower compliance burden, empower women to II. The private healthcare sector must also be roped
work in so that (C)/ both the free and paid models can
(3) night shifts and do away with registration complement one another. (D)
requirements (1) A and B (2) A and C
(4) with less than 40 workers. (3) B and C (4) A and D
(5) No Error (5) No Error
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PREVIOUS YEAR PAPER ANSWERS

(BASED ON MEMORY)
Q.1.(3) In part A- ‘powered’ will be replaced by ‘power’ Q.19.(4) ’headquarters’ will be correct as the noun ‘head-
In part D- ‘far’ will be replaced by ‘for’ quarters’ can be either singular or plural. In both
Q.2.(1) In part A- ‘had’ should replace ‘has’ because Brexit cases, it is written with an ‘s’ at the end.
took place before 2 years and still the effect is Q.20.(3) ’none of their (plural possessive pronoun)
there. activities’ should be used so as to refer to MPs
In part C- ‘Sustainability’ should replace ‘sustain- (plural).
able’ as a noun is required here. Q.21.(2) widening should replace widen as gerund form is
Q.3.(1) In part A- ‘these’ should replace ‘they’ as these required here.
refer to the studies. Q.22.(1) most should replace mostly as pronoun or deter-
In part C- ‘Statistical’ should replace ‘Statistically’ miner is required here and not an adverb.
Q.4.(5) Q.23.(3) ‘live’ should replace ‘living’ , because ‘to’ takes
Q.5.(2) In part B-‘egalitarian’ should replace ‘egalitari- ‘v1’.
asm’ Q.24.(3) ‘to’ should replace ‘and’ as preposition is required
In part D- Heralds should replace ‘herald’ as the here, not a conjunction.
sentence is conveying a single report. Q.25.(3) use of ‘an’ is superfluous here (for using article,
Q.6.(5) No error a noun is required after any adjective).
Q.7.(3) ‘took’ should replace ‘takes’ as the second form Q.26.(3) ‘And’ should replace ‘but’ to express two entities/
of verb is used with ‘it is high time’. things.
Q.8.(4) ‘creating’ should be used in the place of ‘create’, Q.27.(1) ‘Fewer’ should replace ‘less’ as ‘problem’
as generally, prepositions except ‘to’ take V(ing) is a countable noun so the use of “fewer” is
form. appropriate.
Q.9.(2) ‘at’ should replace ‘on’ as ‘pace’ is mentioned. Q.28.(3) Use ‘relate’ instead of ‘related’.
Q.10.(4) ‘raised’ should be used, here ‘raise’ refers to Q.29.(5) No error.
‘ask’. Q.30.(3) “Better” should replace “best”
‘rose’ is the past form of ‘rise’ which means Q.31.(1) In I sentence, ‘painting’ is correct as parallel
move from a lower position to a higher one. structures must be used in both clauses.
Q.11.(2) Part (A) - ‘is’ should replace ‘are’ as the subject In II sentence, ‘of securing’ is correct as certain
is singular. verbs (e.g. – think, fond, etc.) and adjectives are
Part (D) - ‘Features’ will be correct as in the sen- followed by a preposition + gerund.
tence, ‘different’ has been given. In III sentence, ‘fog lifting’ is correct as the pos-
Q.12.(5) sessive case should not be used with the gerund
Q.13.(2) Part (B) - ‘Families’, will be correct as in the when the noun denotes a lifeless thing.
sentence, ‘two’ has been given. Q.32.(5) Explanation – All are correct.
Part (D) - ‘times immemorial’ should be used as Q.33.(3) Explanation – In I sentence, ‘to live’ is correct
‘time immemorial’ is a phrase. as parallel structures must be used in both the
Q.14.(1) Part (B) - ‘their’ will be correct as it shows pos- clauses.
session. In II sentence, ‘taking’ is correct as the gerund is
Part (D) – ‘on’ should replace ‘in’ to make it cor- used as a preposition in this sentence.
rect. In III sentence, ‘your taking’ is correct as gerunds
Q.15.(4) Part (A) – ‘was’ should replace ‘were’ as in the should be used with possessive pronouns (my,
sentence ‘throne’ a singular noun has been given. your, her), and not object pronouns (me, him etc.).
Part (D) - ‘between’ should replace ‘among’ as Q.34.(4) Explanation – In I sentence, remove ‘not’ as ‘for-
the sentence is mentioning about ‘two rocks’. bid’ does not take ‘not’ with it.
Q.16.(2) “they will discuss” should replace “she will dis- In II sentence, ‘giving’ is correct as delay is fol-
cuss” as the subject is plural (there are two lowed by a gerund. It should be ‘delayed giving’
ministers involved in the decision). In III sentence, ‘pay’ is correct here.
Q.17.(5) No Error Q.35.(3) Explanation – In I sentence, ‘and’ will replace ‘or’
Q.18.(1) ‘women (plural)’ should be used in the place of as it is use to join two or more similar entities.
‘woman’ as ‘entrepreneurs’ has been used which In II sentence, ‘from trying’ is correct as ‘dissuade’
is plural. takes from with it.

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In III sentence, ‘my asking’ is correct as gerunds Q.52.(5) The sentence is absolutely correct.
should be used with possessive pronouns (my, Q.53.(2) Replace ‘but’ with ‘and’ because the sentence
your, her), and not object pronouns (me, him etc.). joins two similar ideas which always takes the
Q.36.(2) Part (A) – ‘companies’ should replace ‘company’ conjunction ‘and’.
(plural noun) because ‘they’ is used further in the Q.54.(1) Replace ‘is’ with ‘are’ as the subject is plural and
sentence. plural subjects take plural verb.
Part (Q) - ‘immensely’ should replace ‘immense’ Q.55.(2) ‘necessarily’ should be used in place of ‘necessary’
as an adverb is required here to qualify the verb because ‘necessary’ is a noun and here adverb
(increased). (necessarily) is required to qualify the verb ‘keep’.
Q.37.(3) Part (B) – ‘early stages’ should replace ‘earlier Q.56.(5) The sentence is free from errors.
stages’ as ‘early’ means ‘beginning’ here. Q.57.(2) ‘a sustainable basis’, is the correct grammatical
Part (Q) – ‘run’ should replace ‘ran’ as the sentence structure, because an adjective is required to
is in the passive case, so v3 is required here. qualify the noun ‘basis’.
Q.38.(5) Part (C) – ‘Diffusion’ should replace ‘diffuse’ Q.58.(4)   ‘In the basis of’ is wrong because ‘on the basis
as the adjective ‘cultural’ is qualifying the noun of’ is the suitable phrase.
‘diffusion’. Q.59.(2) In sentence I – ‘learning’ should replace ‘learns’
Part (Q) – ‘Gathering’ should replace ‘gather’ as as a noun is required here.
‘gerund’ is used after preposition ‘on’. In sentence II – ‘than’ should replace ‘but’ as a
Q.39.(5) Part (C) - ‘distinguished’ should replace ‘distin- comparison is being made.
guish’ as an adjective is required here. In sentence III – ‘embark’ takes ‘on’ with it.
Part (Q) - ‘in’ should replace ‘on’ as ‘in the long Q.60.(5) All three sentences are correct.
term’ is used to talk about what will happen over Q.61.(4) In sentence I – ‘let down (fail to support or help
a long period. someone as they had hoped or expected)’ is to be
Q.40.(1) Part (A) – ‘them’ should replace ‘him’ as further used here.
in the sentence ‘they’ is mentioned. In sentence II – ‘is’ should replace ‘are’ as ‘the
Part (R) – ‘manifest’ should replace ‘manifested’ killings’ is considered singular.
because ‘passenger manifest’ is a compound noun In sentence III – ‘remotely’ should replace ‘re-
which means ‘a list of passengers on a ship or plane’. mote’ as an adverb is needed.
Q.41.(4) For part D – ‘in’ should replace ‘on’.
Q.62.(3) In sentence I – ‘wants to store’ should replace
For part E – ‘distilled’ should replace ‘distil’ as
‘want to stores’ as ‘MRPL’ is a singular entity.
the sentence is in passive form.
In sentence II – ‘and’ should be used in place of
Q.42.(5) All correct.
‘or’ given before ‘centre representatives’ as ‘both’
Q.43.(3) For part B – ‘harm’ should replace ‘harms’ accord-
is given.
ing to ‘Regulatory gaps, arbitrage and turf wars’.
In sentence III – ‘led’ should be used in place of
For part E – ‘over (here, ‘over’ expresses authority
‘lead’ as ‘by’ is mentioned which expresses that
or control)’ should replace ‘to’.
the statement is in passive voice form.
Q.44.(2) For part A– ‘whose’ is the correct relative pronoun
Q.63.(1) In sentence I – ‘an’ should be removed as after
to be used here.
the adjectives ‘intelligent and hardworking’ no
For part D – ‘to’ should replace ‘for’ as ‘to’ is used
‘noun’ is given and we know that articles is used
for ‘objection’.
only with a noun.
Q.45.(3) Part (3) - ‘was’ should be used as the sentence is
In sentence II – ‘both’ is used before the ‘things
in the past tense.
joined with ‘and’ not after them.
Q.46.(4) Part (4) -‘them’ should replace ‘it’ as ‘words
In sentence III – “Invested” will not be used in
(plural)’ is given in the sentence.
place of it “Investing” will be used because the
Q.47.(1) Part (1) - ‘Fully (adverb)’ should replace ‘full’ as
Subject of this clause “Many international com-
a ‘verb (booked)’ is given here not an adjective.
panies” is a “Doer” which means Subject is in
Q.48.(5) There is no error in the sentence.
Active Voice.
Q.49.(1) Part (1) – ‘Truths (plural)’ will be used as ‘they’
is given further in the sentence. Q.64.(2) A-add ‘the’ before most as we have to add ‘the’
Q.50.(1) Replace ‘which’ with ‘that’ as the sentence says before superlative degree.
a choice among various parties and for choice we C-replace ‘at’ with ‘in’ as it is a phrase ‘’in the
use the relative pronoun ‘that’. shadows’’.
Q.51.(3) Replace ‘unearth’ with ‘unearths’ as the subject Q.65.(4) In A replace ‘among’ with ‘between’ as only two
is singular. countries are being mentioned.

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Q.66.(3) In C replace ‘where’ with ‘when’ as the sentence Q.75.(3) - Replace ‘are’ with ‘is’ as the subject is singular.
indicates time so we need to use adverb of time; Q.76.(5) The sentence is absolutely correct.
where is adverb of place here. Q.77.(5) No error
Q.67.(2) A- Remove ‘the’ before China as we only add ‘the’
Q.78.(4) Replace ‘less’ with ‘fewer’ as for comparison of
before proper noun when it has a title or qualifier
number we use ‘fewer’.
before it.
C-replace ‘their’ with ‘its’ as the subject is singular Q.79.(2) A-Add apostrophe after ‘Minister’ to show
and singular subject will take singular pronoun. possession.
Q.68.(5) All the sentences are absolutely correct. C-Replace ‘at’ with ‘in’ as we are talking about
Q.69.(2) In sentence B- ‘is’ should replace ‘are’ as the countries inside the border of Europe.
subject is singular- ‘a large part’. Q.80.(3) B-Add ‘a’ before sense as there is indication of
Q.70.(1) ‘forced’ should replace ‘force’ as ‘verb third form’ only one
needed after ‘be’. C-Replace ‘but’ with ‘and’ as no contrasting ideas
Q.71.(3) In sentence A- ‘likely (adj. - probable)’ should are being joined.
replace ‘liking’. Q.81.(5) Both the sentences are absolutely correct.
In sentence C- ‘left out’ means ‘overlooked, Q.82.(2) A-Replace ‘between’ with ‘among’ as the cases
ignored’ should be used in place of ‘left around’. are more than two in number.
Q.72.(4) In sentence C: consumers’ should replace
C-Replace ‘have’ with ‘has’ as the subject is
consumers as both possession and plural is to be
singular.
expressed.
Q.73.(2) ‘entire’ should replace ‘entirely’ as an adjective Q.83.(4) A- Add ‘the’ before government body, i.e.,
is required to qualify the noun ‘credit’. municipal.
Q.74.(2) Replace ‘prudent’ with ‘prudently’ because it is D-replace ‘one another’ with ‘each other’ as the
used here as adverb of manner for the verb ‘to subjects are two and we use one another for more
approach’; adverb of manner= adjective + ly. than two subjects.
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CHAPTER

14 VOCABULARY

The word vocabulary refers to the words used in a language. you will be able to check the meaning instantly and reduce
It is vital to communicating with others and understanding the chances of missing it.
what one is speaking. Words always have several meanings Use a diary or notes: It's one of the good ideas to maintain
in various contexts; you must learn the meanings of the words the list of the new words you find so that you can go back
and their parts of speech. If your vocabulary is strong, it to the list easily and slowly build them into your everyday
will help you write accurately and speak fluently. It is very vocabulary. Keeping the notes of all your new words can
important and vital in order to communicate with others. provide a positive approach for learning even more words
There are four main types of vocabulary: -- especially when you observe how many new words you've
already learnt.
@ Reading Vocabulary
Learn a word every day: Make a rigid habit of learning
@ Writing Vocabulary
at least one new word daily to improve the list of words.
@ Listening Vocabulary Initially, it will not look effective but after a month or two,
@ Speaking Vocabulary you will have a good piece of vocabulary.

Improving vocabulary is one of the easiest ways to improve Understand the root words: This is one of the most power-
the power of your writing and make any writing task much ful ways to learn new words and understand the meaning of
easier and effective. Developing your vocabulary need not be other new words based on the root. Just by seeing the suffix
difficult or painful. Here are a few ways suggested to improve or prefix you will be able to comprehend the word.
your vocabulary every day. Prefer the word games: This is also one of the effective ideas
Read again and again: ‘The more you read, the more you in order to increase word power. Such games that challenge
learn’ is suitable in case of improving vocabulary. Reading you and help you find new meanings and new words. This is
various things especially novels, literary works, magazines a fun tool in your quest for enhancing the vocabulary.
and newspapers enables you to learn more words. As you Engage in conversations: Talk to other people in English
read and uncover new words, derive the meaning from the can help you find new words. If you are engaged in various
context of the sentence as well as from looking up the defini- conversation you will encounter some of the words you are
tion in a dictionary. not aware of, note down the words; and simultaneously the
Always keep a dictionary: When you find a new word, words you have learnt will also be used by you which makes
search it in the dictionary to get both its pronunciation and you confident.
its meaning(s). If you always keep a dictionary with you,
Keep Practicing & Keep Learning

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exercise level - 1
(1) Only A (2) Both A and B
EXERCISE- 1
(3) Only D (4) Both B and C
Q.1. Select the most appropriate ANTONYM of the
word given in bold in the sentence. (5) Both C and D.
Presumably public money is not dispensed with Q.7. ASSIDUOUS
such largesse to anyone else. A. Laborious
(1) Malign (2) Meanness B. Waive
(3) Enigma (4) Leverage C. Include
(5) Generosity D. Tiny
Q.2. Select the most appropriate ANTONYM of the (1) Only A (2) Both A and B
word given in bold in the sentence. (3) Only D (4) Both B and C
She was cunning enough to beguile her classmates (5) Both C and D.
into doing the work for her. Q.8. COLOSSAL
(1) Repel (2) Attract A. Mammoth
(3) Chant (4) Convince B. Vast
(5) Flatter C. Mind
Q.3. Select the most appropriate SYNONYM of the D. Charade
word given in bold in the sentence. (1) Only A (2) Both A and B
After last year's oil price crash, caused by a collapse (3) Only D (4) Both B and C
in demand triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic, (5) Both C and D.
prices have rallied strongly. Q.9. CAJOLE
(1) Toad (2) Probe A. Witness
(3) Prompt (4) Pride B. Surprise
(5) Trite C. Belch
Q.4. Select the most appropriate SYNONYM of the D. Flatter
word given in bold in the sentence. (1) Only A (2) Both A and B
Scientists are trying to pull together disparate ideas (3) Only D (4) Both B and C
in astronomy. (5) Both C and D.
(1) Similar (2) Deterring Q.10. BAIT
(3) Homogenous (4) Contrasting A. Decoy
(5) Disrupted B. Trap
Q.5. Select the most appropriate SYNONYM of the C. Depressed
word given in bold in the sentence. D. Lonely
The egregious mistake these couples made was (1) Only A (2) Both A and B
not spending enough time seriously planning for a (3) Only D (4) Both B and C
lifetime together in marriage. (5) Both C and D
(1) Perturbing (2) Shocking
EXERCISE- 3
(3) Pleasing (4) Pleasant
Q.11-14. In each of the following questions, a sentence with
(5) Painful
a highlighted word is given. Choose the word(s)
EXERCISE- 2 which replace(s) the highlighted word to make
Q.6-10. In each of the following questions, four words the sentence meaningful. If the sentence is correct
are given of which one or more words is/are most as it is, your answer is (5).
nearly the similar or opposite in meaning to the Q.11. It is probably the need to accept that uncomfort-
given word. Find the word/s and mark your able reality that is the greatest accomplishment to
answer. ensuring donor registries are well subscribed.
Q.6. ABASE (1) Encouragement
A. Love (2) Acknowledgement
B. Body (3) Sentiment
C. Concentrate (4) Impediment
D. Humiliate (5) No change required..

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Q.12. There were dark shadows beneath my eyes, the Q.18. Jallikattu has returned to the Pongal calendar as
result of too many late nights, plus a combination a pressure (A) of political protest (B), public result
of acknowledged drugs and alcohol. (C) and hastily prepared legislation.
(1) extra (2) permissive (1) BAC (2) BCA
(3) illicit (4) retreated (3) CBA (4) CAB
(5) No change required.. (5) No change required.
Q.13. Climatic factors were indeterminate in produc- Q.19. The idea of affordability (A) inclusion has always
ing top quality wines from the Bordeaux varieties run into problems with accessibility and financial
Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot. (B), especially in developing economies (C).
(1) indefinite (2) decisive (1) BAC (2) BCA
(3) emissive (4) deprived (3) CBA (4) CAB
(5) No change required.. (5) No change required
Q.14. A navigation of 40 Onondaga envoys arrived to
EXERCISE- 5
negotiate a cease-fire and were seized and sent back
to France as slaves. Q.20-22. In each of the following questions, four words
are given of which two words are most nearly the
(1) consolidation
same or opposite in meaning. Find the two words.
(2) acknowledgement
Q.20. (A) Engross (B) Strain
(3) publication
(C) Rough (D) Eject
(4) delegation
(1) A-B (2) B-C
(5) No change required.
(3) C-A (4) A- D
EXERCISE- 4 (5) B-D.
Q.15-19. In each of the following questions, a sentence
Q.21. (A) Inane (B) Sane
with three words given in bold type is given.
These are numbered as (A), (B) and (C). These (C) Fatiguing (D) Force
three words given in bold may or may not be used (1) A- B (2) B-C
at their correct place. Choose the option which (3) C-A (4) A-D
shows the correct sequence of words according (5) B-D.
to their appropriate place. Q.22 (A) Real (B) Efface
Q.15. FAO food price index, a global standard for measur- (C) Irregular (D) Scour
ing food prices, retreated (A) a record-high in March (1) A-B (2) B-C
2022, and though it has since value (B) it remains 7.9%
(3) C-A (4) A-D
above its hit (C) a year ago.
(5) B -D.
(1) BAC (2) BCA
(3) CBA (4) CAB EXERCISE- 6
(5) No change required. Q.23-25. In each of the following questions, a word is
Q.16. The Reserve Bank by (A) May has increased the given followed by three sentences consisting of a
repo or benchmark lending rates since (B) 190 blank. Choose the sentence/s in which the given
basis points, to calm down inflation which has word can be correctly used.
remained above (C) its comfort level of 6 per cent Q.23. PENITENT
since January. I. As the army officer stood in front of the military
(1) BAC (2) BCA judge, he had a __________look on his face
(3) CBA (4) CAB II. If you are driving in a blizzard, you may kick
(5) No change required. yourself for making such a _____________ journey.
Q.17. Medals are win (A) or lost on decimals. A ma- III. The road near the mountains grew even steeper
ture approach (B) which thinks of athletes first and more ____________.
— won (C) or lose — and makes sport enjoyable (1) Only I
should be the aim for India at 100. (2) Only II
(1) BAC (2) BCA (3) Both I and III
(3) CBA (4) CAB (4) Both II and III
(5) No change required. (5) All of the above..

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Q.24. RECLUSE (1) Only A (2) Both B and C
I. My election choices depend on the fact that I am (3) Both A and B (4) Only B
a _________of the Republican Party. (5) Both A and C.
II. The father became a bitter _________, shutting Q.28. EXPEDITE
himself away from all his friends A. Make sure you have his social-security number
III. ___________ always know about trendy new so that you can expedite the filing process.
restaurants, and have a perpetual stash of fun ideas B. She genuinely, and far less self-interestedly than
for outings and adventures. most, wanted to help expedite young talent to the
(1) Only I (2) Only II empyrean.
(3) Both I and III (4) Both II and III C. The activities at this office have become costly
(5) All of the above.. because of the movements to expedite the issuance
Q.25. TAD and processing of passports.
I. After the college fest, I feel a _______ guilty to (1) Only A
be depriving him of the opportunity. (2) Both B and C
II. The rapper has ___________ of infectious energy (3) Both A and B
level and his energy level is impossible to match.
(4) Only B
III. I was a _________ taken back by her answer
(5) Both A and C.
when I talked to the customer care executive.
Q.29. SPECTRUM
(1) Only I (2) Only II
A. He has used the spectrum of colours in the rain-
(3) Both I and III (4) Both II and III
bow effectively to create an atmosphere of calm.
(5) All of the above.
B. The research team is now exploring the pos-
EXERCISE- 7 sibility of using eye contact sensor glasses to treat
Q.26-30. In each of the following questions, a highlighted children with autistic spectrum disorder.
word followed by three sentences is given. Select C. The acute effects that may be induced by psy-
the sentence(s) in which the highlighted word has chedelic drugs encompass a broad spectrum of
correctly been used. alterations.
Q.26. BIZARRE (1) Only A
A. He became a bizarre, and his rare film appear- (2) Both B and C
ances were overshadowed by tales of his crazy
(3) Both A and B
behaviour on set.
(4) Only B
B. This bizarre election controversy has unexpect-
edly brought my father to mind. (5) All A, B and C.
C. He double faulted on his first match point and Q.30. TURBULENCE
then missed a smash after a bizarre rally in the A. The uprightness and turbulence of his character
windy conditions. won the friendship of many to whom his philosophy
(1) Only A (2) Both B and C was repugnant.
(3) Both A and B (4) Only B B. It is extremely uncomfortable as the plane
(5) Both A and C. is thrown around violently, in the worst turbu-
lence imaginable.
Q.27. COGNIZANT
C. A society where the social divide between haves
A. I wonder if the experts are truly cognizant of
and have-nots has become a turbulence is a society
the unnecessary division that separates the layman
that breeds violence and brutality.
from the cultured.
(1) Only A
B. He was emotionally lost at that point, and I don't
think he was too cognizant of anything or anybody. (2) Both B and C
C. Since Independence, Lata Mangeshkar has (3) Both A and B
been cognizant from the soundtrack of our everyday (4) Only B
lives. (5) Both A and C

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EXPLANATION level - 1
Q.14.(4) Delegation (n) - A body or committee of
EXERCISE 1
representative
Q.1.(2) Largesse (n) - generosity in bestowing money or
Q.15.(4) The subject food price index will contextually
gifts upon others
'Hit' a record high and not retreated a record
For other options: high. This will (C) will be used instead of (A).
Malign (n) - evil in nature or effect. The phrase 'it has since' will take a v3 as a main verb
Enigma (n) - a person or thing that is mysterious or and (A) 'retreated' is the only choice. So instead of
difficult to understand. (B), (A) will be used.
Leverage (n) - the exertion of force by means of a Q.16.(1) In the sentence, The RBI has increased the repo rate
lever. already, and the sentence doesn't talk about a future
Q.2.(1) Beguile (v) - charm or enchant (someone), often in deadline therefore 'since' will be used in place of 'by',
a deceptive way. Making option '1' (BAC) the suitable answer.
Repel (v) - be repulsive or distasteful to. Q.17.(3) 'Or' is a conjunction that allows us to join words,
phrases, and clauses of equal grammatical rank in a
Q.3.(3) Trigger (v) - cause (an event or situation) to happen
sentence. But looking at option (A) win and lost are two
or exist; prompt.
different forms of verb. Here, won should be the
For other options: correct usage, therefore word (C) should be replaced
Toad (n) - a contemptible or detestable person by (A).
Probe (n) - investigation Q.18.(4) Generally protest is associated with public and
Trite (adj.) - dull on account of overuse. pressure is associated with political. (A) talks about
Q.4.(4) Disparate (adj.) - essentially different in kind; not the outcome or result. Therefore option 04 (CAB)
able to be compared. is the correct answer.
For other options: Q.19.(1) Inclusion is a noun and it will take a suitable
adjective before it, the word 'affordability' is a noun
Homogenous (adj.) consisting of parts or elements
and 'financial' is an adjective, therefore (B) will be
that are all the same.
used instead of (A).
Disrupt (v) - disturb
Also, accessibility can be joined with another
Q.5.(2) Egregious (adj.) - outstandingly bad; shocking. singular noun 'affordability'(A).
For other options: Q.20.(4) Engross (v) - hold one's attention
Perturb (v) - disturb Eject (v)- throw
Q.6.(3) Abase (v)- behave in a way that belittles or degrades For other options-
(someone).
Strain (v)- force (a part of one's body or oneself) to
Q.7.(1) Assiduous (adj.)- working very hard and taking great make an unusually great effort.
care that everything is done as well as it can be
Q.21.(1) Inane (adj)- stupid
Q.8.(2) Colossal (adj.) - extremely large
Sane (adj)- reasonable
Q.9.(3) Cajole (v) - to persuade a person to do something
For other options-
or give something by being very nice to him/her
Fatigue (n)- extreme tiredness resulting from mental
Q.10.(2) Bait (n) - something that is used for persuading or
or physical exertion or illness.
attracting somebody
Q.22.(5) Efface (v)- erase
Q.11.(4) Impediment (n) - A hindrance; that which impedes
or hinders progress. Scour (v)- clean, polish thoroughly.
Q.12.(3) Illicit (adj.) - Not approved by law, but not invalid. Q.23.(1) Explanation- : penitent (adj.) – regretful.
Q.13.(2) Decisive (adj.) - Having the power or quality of In Ist sentence, penitent is used correctly.
deciding a question or controversy; putting an end In II and III, perilous (adj.) which means dangerous
to contest or controversy; final; conclusive. can be used.

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Q.24.(2) recluse (n) - a person who lives a solitary life and In sentence A- ‘Recluse: a person who lives a
tends to avoid other people. solitary life and tends to avoid other people’ should
In IInd sentence, recluse is correctly used. be used.
For other sentences: In Ist sentence - denizen (n) – Q.27.(3) Cognizant (adj.) - having knowledge or awareness.
inhabitant In sentence C- Inseparable (adj.) - unable to be
In III sentence- social butterfly (adj.) - someone separated or treated separately should be used.
who is social or friendly with everyone, flitting from Q.28.(5) Expedite (v) - make (an action or process)
person to person happen sooner or be accomplished more quickly.
Q.25.(3) tad (adverb) – to a small extent. In sentence B- Propel (v) - drive or push something
In I and III sentence, tad is correctly used. forwards should be used.

In II sentence, oodles (n) -a very great number or Q.29.(5) Spectrum (n) - a wide range.
amount of something. Q.30.(2) Turbulence (n) - a state of conflict or confusion.
Q.26.(2) Bizarre (adj.) - very strange or unusual. In sentence A- Sincerity should be used.

exercise level - 2
can easily be aggregated. The sever (P)/ scaling
EXERCISE- 1
(Q) opportunity that can justify investments will
Q.1-5. In each of the paragraphs, four pair of highlighted be a major motivation. Original equipment and
words are given and indicated as (A, B), (C, D), component makesuccinct (R)/ integral (S) rs will
(P, Q) & (R, S). Select the most appropriate group need to work closely in the EV space to develop
of words and choose the option accordingly. products from an early stage. Start-ups and other
Q.1. Integrated mobility solutions have been emerging new players will have to be co-opted and made
to address consumer challenges. Convenience is a to the design and manufacturing ecosystem.
key factor in today’s hyperconnected world, where (1) ACPS (2) BDQS
easy-to-use, automated and digitized options are
(3) ADPR (4) BCQR
preferred. Exerting (A)/ Anticipating (B) market
trends and exploring the consumer viability (C)/ (5) ADQS
accessibility (D) of business models require analysing Q.3. Consider this: the number of people killed on 9/11,
consumer preferences with the help of telematics. that exemplary (A)/ extensive (B) day of male
These tracking tools help a business become violence, was almost identical (C)/ implied (D) to the
more acrid (P)/ agile (Q) and also identify number of women murdered by their male partners that
and scale new opportunities. Global CO2 year in the US. One called for a military
regulations have pushed the industry to be response and changed world politics; the
agile in adopting the latest innovations. other was life as usual. ‘On Violence and On
There is a shift towards sustainable development Violence Against Women’ by the philosopher
to slow down climate change. To cut down (R)/ Jacqueline Rose explores (P)/ extends (Q) the
mire (S) dependence on fossil fuels and reduce nature of this violence against women, and its deep
pollution in metro cities, the government has taken roots. It draws on literature, psychoanalysis and
many measures. philosophy to show the male jingoism (R)/ fragility
(1) ACPS (2) BDQS (S) at the heart of male violence.
(3) ADPR (4) BCQR (1) ACPS (2) BDQS
(5) ACQS (3) ADPR (4) BCQR
Q.2. The cost of batteries, which pushes up the total cost of (5) ACQS
EV ownership, is also being addressed (A)/ averred Q.4. A sense of shared identity and common purpose is
(B). PLI schemes that support the localization of crucial for social cohesion (A)/ compensability
battery production, new battery chemistry and (B). When students are able to learn in their mother
steadfast (C)/ swappable (D) battery models are tongue, it helps them feel a sense of belonging to
expected to provide a major push. Investment in the larger community. In conclusion, it is excursive
manufacturing by component players can be increased (C)/ evident (D) that there are many advantages to
through demand aggregation for components. using recreational (P)/ vernacular (Q) languages
Non-essential items like motors and connectors as a medium of instruction in schools. Not only
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does this lead to improved learning outcomes for Q.8. Whenever he talks about his co-workers, it has more
all students, but it also promotes social cohesion to do with incomprehension than with disdain.
and builds student confidence. It’s perhaps why (1) compressive, behaviour
the new National Education Policy 2020 applauds (2) appraisal, scorn
(R)/ endorses (S) the use of regional languages up
(3) desertion, desecrate
to Grade 5 and beyond.
(1) ACPS (2) BDQS (4) incompletion, distress
(3) ADPR (4) BCQR (5) No change required
(5) ADQS Q.9. Clothing design should not be about creating pricey
Q.5. The automobile sector is going through a dearth (A)/ and sheepish brands to be ousted on a gullible
drip (B) of semiconductor globally. Automobiles public.
now have more electronic components, driven (1) offshore, left
as they are by smart connectivity features and (2) snobbish, foisted
re-engineered to meet tighter emission nodes (3) contrived, feasted
(C)/ norms (D). With a move towards vehicle (4) deposing, boasted
electrification and hybridization, we can expect
(5) No change required
more supply-side pressure, some of which could
be eased by a frail (P)/ robust (Q) semiconductor EXERCISE- 3
making ecosystem. Maintaining the trust of Q.10-14. In each of the following questions, a sentence
customers and living up to their expectations will with two highlighted words is given. Choose
keep the wheels of this e-mobility revolution turning. the words from group 1 and group 2 which can
Innovation, digital technology and sustainability substitute the highlighted words respectively.
(R)/ susceptibility (S) will come together to Q.10. A lack of safe and legal routes into the UK is in part
generate top and bottom-line improvements. driving a dependence on life-threatening methods
(1) ACPS (2) BDQS including squeezing into the back of refrigerated
(3) ADPR (4) BCQR lorries or riding in vulnerable dinghies across wild
(5) ACQS seas.
EXERCISE- 2 Group 1 Group 2
Q.6-9. In each of the following questions, a short A- compressing P- shielded
paragraph with two highlighted words which B- clamping Q- susceptible
may or may not be contextually correct has been C- twinning R- fragile
given. Choose the option which replaces both the D- nipping S- perilous
words. If the words are correctly given, mark (5)
E- budding T- jeopardized
as your answer.
(1) A and T (2) B and S
Q.6. The fact remained that the argument given by them
was not collaborated by sufficient evidence at least (3) C and R (4) D and Q
till the implementation of new facts and theories. (5) E and P
(1) contracted, arrival Q.11. A range of methods are used in organised
(2) conceptualised, insertion immigration crime, including clandestine entry
(3) conformed, assertion from near Europe, air-facilitated migration, use of
(4) corroborated, advent false or fraudulently obtained documents and abuse
of legitimate entry and leave to remain.
(5) No change required
Group 1 Group 2
Q.7. Serious men fad and become mildly cheerful, and
pretentious young men of the heavy-moustache type A- pseudo P- viable
forget to accept that they could also be slender for B- furtive Q- aesthetic
others. C- upper-hand R- justified
(1) tread, controversial D- liberal S- authorised
(2) solidify, pleasurable E- overt T- invariable
(3) thaw, objectionable (1) A and Q (2) B and S
(4) threaten, offensive (3) C and R (4) D and T
(5) No change required
(5) E and P
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Q.12. Drivers told of regular hazards they faced with Q.15. There are number of ways to prevent Acid
refugees and migrants trying to climb into their Rain. But one way by which each one of us
vehicles. They said that they found a man clinging to can stop it is by start adopting cleaner forms
the axle on his vehicle in the port of Calais. of energy, such as solar power, extinction of
Group 1 Group 2 waste and use of electric cars. As we know,
A- onerous P- clutching there are numerous attempts to clean the air,
B- dangerous Q- grasping but the atmosphere is still a long way from
being clean. If man becomes more careful
C- ventures R- nagging
about environment, the occurrence of Acid
D- menace S- spearheading Rain can be minimised. But if we are not
E- perils T- splicing resolute in our attempts to reduce atmospheric
(1) A and Q (2) B and S pollution, we may eventually cause grave damage
(3) C and R (4) D and T to all our natural resources, which would lead to
(5) E and P the recycling of life on the Planet Earth.
Q.13. Last year more than 35,000 attempts to cross (1) occurrence > recycling > extinction
the Channel illegally were prevented at the (2) recycling > extinction > occurrence
UK’s juxtaposed controls in northern France and
Belgium. During the same 12-month period, more (3) extinction > recycling > occurrence
than 8,000 people. (4) recycling > occurrence > extinction
Group 1 Group 2 (5) No change required
A- hindered P- adjacent Q.16. Terrorism has had an adverse effect on India’s
B- precluding Q- dither economy. Many Indian cities have been hit by
C- indeed R- tiled major terrorist attacks that have led to a loss of
D- averted S- colligated property and businesses The replenishing cost
E- hamper T- annexed involved is quite high in such cases. The country’s
wealth that can be used in productive tasks is
(1) A and Q (2) B and T
invested in resurrection the loss caused by
(3) C and R (4) D and S
terrorist attacks. Besides, the dip in the tourism
(5) E and P industry, the reluctance of foreign investors to
Q.14. The National Crime Agency has responsibility invest in India and the rise in the rates of international
for tackling what it calls organised immigration trade that are all a result of terrorism in India, have
crime. This stands apart from modern slavery and had a major negative impact on the country’s
human trafficking because it involves consent on economy.
the part of the individual travelling, while the latter
(1) reluctance > resurrection > replenishing
involves coerced movement across borders.
Group 1 Group 2 (2) resurrection > replenishing > reluctance
A- ascent P- compel (3) resurrection > reluctance > replenishing
B- acquiesce Q. uttered (4) replenishing > reluctance > resurrection
C- approval R- pried (5) No change required
D- accede S- benefitted Q.17. Traffic signals are installed at road intersections and
E- concede T- intimidated at commuting crossings. Intersections are the vital
(1) A and Q (2) B and S junction points where, an unregulated traffic flow
(3) D and R (4) C and T could lead to accidents and long traffic congestions.
(5) E and P Traffic lights alternate the right of way for vehicles
passing through the intersection, thus making
EXERCISE- 4 the pedestrian easy.
Q.15-17. In each of the following questions, a paragraph
is given with three highlighted words. The words (1) commuting > pedestrian > unregulated
may or may not be placed at their correct place in (2) pedestrian > commuting > unregulated
the passage, four sequences are suggested against (3) pedestrian > unregulated > commuting
them. Choose the correct sequence in order to get (4) unregulated > pedestrian > commuting
a meaningful paragraph. If the given sequence
is correct, choose option (5). (5) No change required.

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ii. An attempt has been made by the (C)
EXERCISE- 5
founding fathers of the Constitution to provide
Q.18-22. In each of the following questions, two sentences
(i and ii) are given with two highlighted words in full (D) autonomy to the judiciary so that the
each. The highlighted words are represented as process of meeting out justice to one and all is free
(A, B and C, D) respectively. Below it a pair of and fair.
words is given which are the synonyms of two of Prosecute Sovereignty
the four words, you need to read them carefully
and decide for which of the highlighted words (1) A and D (2) B and C
the given pair is the synonym. (3) C and D (4) A and C
Q.18. i. With the (A) advent of scientific methods of (5) B and D
agriculture, increased production of wheat, rice, Q.21. i. As soon as the elections are over, different parties
barley, cotton and other crops has been achieved
with their (A) respective strengths start closed door
and efforts go (B) unabated in this direction.
meetings to form a group that constitutes a majority
ii. (C) Substantial increase in the production
of cottage goods based on agro, marine and which gives rise to a (B) coalition government at
natural products or bio-products has (D) the Centre.
generated employment in the rural sector. ii. Today we have super computers (C) imitating the
Emergence Worthwhile human brain and even beating it in various fields
(1) A and D (2) B and C like fast data processing, huge memory storage and
(3) C and D (4) A and C quick (D) retrieval capacity.
(5) B and D Corresponding Emulate
Q.19. i. A number of (A) gruesome diseases continue to
(1) A and D (2) B and C
stare the scientists in the face and the men of science
stand just (B) bewildered and confused. (3) C and D (4) A and C
ii. Early symptoms of this disease are a significant (5) B and D
loss of weight, (C) swollen glands, fever and Q.22. i. A (A) fathomless ocean of information is available
night sweats, extreme lethargy and oral or (D) today on these computers on any subject, any (B)
esophageal infection.
phenomenon, anytime and anywhere in the world.
Confounded Tumefied
ii. The basic facilities (C) congenial for research
(1) A and D (2) B and C
and education should be provided in the institutions
(3) C and D (4) A and C
so that our technical graduates do not feel (D) ill-
(5) B and D
at-ease in their own set-up.
Q.20. i. The role of (A) judiciary became the object of
discussion when, a few years ago, several top leaders Profound Pleasant
and bureaucrats of the country were (B) arraigned and (1) A and D (2) B and C
made to face trials in various courts of the country on
(3) C and D (4) A and C
different charges involving huge amounts of public
money. (5) B and D

EXPLANATION level - 2
Mire (v): cause to become stuck in mud.
EXERCISE 1
Q.2.(5) Address (v) - think about and begin to deal with (an
Q.1.(4) Anticipate (v) - regard as probable; expect or predict.
issue or problem).
Viability (n) - ability to work successfully.
Swappable (adj.) - that can be exchanged.
Agile (adj.) - able to move quickly and easily.
Integral (adj.) - essential or fundamental.
Cut down (v) - reduce (something, especially
Scale (v) - ascend.
something undesirable) to the smallest possible
amount or degree. For other options-
For other options: Aver (v) - state or assert to be the case.
Acrid (adj): unpleasantly bitter or pungent. Steadfast (adj)- resolutely or dutifully firm and
unwavering.
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Sever (v)- divide by cutting or slicing, especially
EXERCISE 2
suddenly and forcibly.
Q.6.(4) Corroborate (v) - confirm or give support to (a
Succinct (adj)- (especially of something written or statement, theory, or finding).
spoken) briefly and clearly expressed. Advent (n) - arrival.
Q.3.(1) Exemplary (adj.) - serving as a desirable model For other options-
Identical (adj.) - similar in every detail; exactly Implementation (n) - execution.
alike. Q.7.(3) Thaw (v) - make or become friendlier or more
cordial.
Explore (v) - travel through (an unfamiliar area) in
Objectionable (adj.) - arousing distaste
order to learn about it.
propposition; unpleasant or offensive.
Fragility (n) - the quality of being easily broken or For other options-
damaged. Fad (n) - passion.
For other options: Slender (adj.) - meagre; limited.
Extensive (adj)- large in amount or scale. Q.8.(5) Incomprehension (n) - failure to understand
something.
Imply (v)- indicate the truth or existence of Disdain (n) - the feeling that someone or something
(something) by suggestion rather than explicit is unworthy of one's consideration or respect.
reference. For other options:
Jingoism (n)- extreme patriotism, especially in the Desertion (n): The action of deserting a person,
form of aggressive or warlike foreign policy. cause, or organization.
Q.4.(5) Cohesion (n) - the action or fact of forming a united Desecrate (v): treat (a sacred place or thing) with
whole. violent disrespect.
Q.9.(2) Snobbish (adj.) - relating to, characteristic of, or
Evident (adj.) - clearly seen or understood; obvious.
like a person with an exaggerated respect for high
Vernacular (adj.) - (of language) spoken as one's social position or wealth.
mother tongue; not learned or imposed as a second Foist (v) - impose an unwelcome or unnecessary
language. person or thing on.
Endorse (v) - declare one's public approval or For other options:
support of. Sheepish (adj): showing or feeling embarrassment
from shame or a lack of self-confidence.
For other options:
Oust (v): drive out or expel (someone) from a
Compensability (n): The characteristic of being position or place.
compensable; the ability to be compensated. Offshore (adj): situated at sea some distance from
Excursive (adj): tending to deviate from a course the shore.
or activity; digressive. Contrive (v): create or bring about (an object or a
Recreational (adj): relating to or denoting activity situation) by deliberate use of skill and artifice.
done for enjoyment when one is not working. Depose (v): remove from office suddenly
and forcefully.
Q.5.(3) Dearth (n) - shortage.
EXERCISE 3
Norm (n) - a standard or pattern, especially of social Q.10.(1) Solution:
behaviour, that is typical or expected. squeezing- compressing, vulnerable- jeopardized
Robust (adj.) - strong and healthy; vigorous. For other options:
Sustainability (n) - the ability to be maintained at a Clamp (v)- clench
certain rate or level. Twin (v)- combine
Nip (v)- bite or pinch sharply.
For other options: Budding (adj.)- (of a body part) becoming larger as
Drip (n): a small drop of a liquid. part of normal growth.
Node (n): a point in a network or diagram at which Shield (n)- a person or thing providing protection.
lines or pathways intersect or branch. Fragile, susceptible, perilous and jeopardized are all
the words that can replace ‘vulnerable’.
Frail (adj): (of a person) weak and delicate.
Q.11.(2) Solution:
Susceptibility (n): the state or fact of being likely
clandestine- furtive, legitimate- authorised
or liable to be influenced or harmed by a particular
For other options:
thing.
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Overt (adj.)- shown/done openly Upper hand Q.16.(2) By putting the correct sequence at the place, the
(idiom)- A position of advantage, power, and/ proper meaning can be understood.
or control (over someone, something, or some ‘in resurrection the loss’ is not grammatically
situation). correct, after in a verb with ‘ing’ form is required
Liberal (adj.)- willing to respect or accept behaviour to qualify ‘the loss’.
or opinions different from one's own.
Reluctance means unwillingness or disinclination to
Pseudo (adj.)- not genuine
do something, which does not have any sense with
viable (adj.)- capable of working successfully.
‘the loss’.
Aesthetic (adj.)- concerned with beauty.
Invariable (adj.)- never changing. Q.17.(3) By putting the correct sequence at the place, the
Q.12.(5) Solution: proper meaning can be understood.
hazards-perils, clinging-clutching. ‘Pedestrian easy’ or ‘unregulated easy’ do not have
For other options: any sense, there should be ‘commuting easy’.
onerous (adj.)- (of a task or responsibility) involving ‘Commuting crossings’ is not a correct term.
a great deal of effort, trouble, or difficulty.
EXERCISE 5
Ventures (n)- a risky or daring journey or
undertaking. Q.18.(4) Advent (n): the arrival of a notable person or thing.
Menace (n)- a person or thing that is likely to cause Unabated (adj): without any reduction in intensity
harm. or strength.
Grasp (v)- seize and hold firmly. Substantial (adj): of considerable importance, size,
Nag (v)- harass (someone) constantly to do or worth.
something that they are averse to. Q.19.(2) Gruesome (adj): causing repulsion or horror; grisly.
spearhead (v)- lead (an attack or movement).
Bewilder (v): cause (someone) to become perplexed
splice (v)- interweave
and confused.
Q.13.(4) Solution:
prevented- averted, juxtaposed- colligated Swollen (adj): become larger or rounder in size,
For other options: typically as a result of an accumulation of fluid, tumefy
preclude (v)- prevent; hamper Esophageal (adj): related to the esophagus, the
indeed (adv.)- in fact muscular tube through which food passes from the
adjacent (adj.)- next to or adjoining something else. throat to the stomach.
dither (v)- be indecisive Q.20.(5) Judiciary (n): the judicial authorities of a country;
tile (v)- cover with tiles judges collectively..
annex (v)- take over Arraign (v): call or bring (someone) before a court
Q.14.(4) Solution: to answer a criminal charge.
consent- approval, coerced- intimidated Found (v): establish or originate (an institution or
For other options: organization).
ascent (n)- climb
Autonomy (n): the right or condition of self-
acquiesce (v)- permit
government.
accede (v)- agree to a demand
concede (v)- accept Q.21.(4) Respective (n): belonging or relating separately to
compel (v)- force or oblige (someone) to do each of two or more people or things.
something. Coalition (n): a temporary alliance for combined action,
utter (v)- make (a sound) with one's voice. especially of political parties forming a government.
pry (v)- inquire too closely into a person's private Imitate (v): take or follow as a model.
affairs. Retrieval (n): the process of getting something back
EXERCISE 4 from somewhere.
Q.15.(4) By putting the correct sequence at the place, the Imitate (v): take or follow as a model; emulate.
proper meaning can be understood. Q.22.(1) Fathomless (adj): unable to be measured or
The last statement is saying that if we don’t stop understood; extremely deep; profound.
pollution, it may lead to ‘recycling of life’ which is
illogical, it should be extinction of life means there Congenial (adj): pleasing or liked on account of
will be no life. having qualities or interests that are similar to one's
Occurrence or extinction of waste does not give any own; pleasant.
logical meaning too. Ill (adj): bad, poor.
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PREVIOUS YEAR PAPER QUESTIONS

(BASED ON MEMORY)
Q.1-5. In the following questions, a sentence with three words (B) and happy than a family which relies on the
in bold type is given. These are numbered as (A), (B) income of a double (C) parent.
and (C). These three words given in bold may or may (1) CAB (2) CBA (3) ACB
not be used at their correct place. Choose the option
(4) BCA (5) No change required.
which shows the correct sequence of words according
to their appropriate place. Q.7. It will be a mistake to leave women behind in our
goal of opportunities (A) development, and it could
(RBI ASSISTANT 2020)
only be sustainable (B) if both the genders are
Q.1. Indian firms based in China are amid (A) for an allowed equal achieved (C) in education and other
uncertain month ahead bracing (B) the coronavirus areas.
outbreak, which has brought factories and the service
(1) CAB (2) CBA (3) BAC
sector to a grinding (C) halt.
(4) BCA (5) No change required.
(1) CAB (2) CBA (3) ACB
Q.8. According to experts, the major factor behind this
(4) BAC (5) No change required.
rising phenomena (A) of excessive emissions (B)
Q.2. The government must consider spending(A) health- of carbon dioxide, as well as other greenhouse gases
care provide (B) beyond the usual GDP, and ensure could lead to the flooding (C) of lower lying coastal
more resources are available to raising(C) free, areas and also cities.
quality health care to all.
(1) CAB (2) CBA (3) ACB
(1) CAB (2) CBA (3) ACB
(4) BCA (5) No change required.
(4) BAC (5) No change required.
Q.9. India has to demonstrate (A) that it is not a capable
Q.3. A last-minute problems(A) of an event would cause (B) state but a soft (C) nation with zero tolerance to
greater tournaments (B) to lower-ranked players, as any terrorist activities carried out by the enemies of
cancellation (C) accept entries based on rankings. the nation.
(1) BAC (2) CAB (3) ACB (1) BAC (2) CBA (3) ACB
(4) CBA (5) No change required. (4) BCA (5) No change required.
Q.4. The judgment (A) came on an appeal (B) filed by Q.10. The political cause of terrorism is primarily seen
the parents of a young girl who was left with 100% in Tripura and Assam where the political factors
disability when a rashly (C) driven truck hit the car failed (A) in terrorism after the respective state
in which she was travelling. governments resulted (B) to control and manage
(1) CAB (2) CBA (3) ACB the large-scale illegal (C) Muslim immigration from
(4) BAC (5) No change required. Bangladesh.
Q.5. There must be something seriously (A) wrong with (1) CAB (2) CBA (3) ACB
a police system that believes that everyone who (4) BAC (5) No change required.
is arrested (B) of committing an offence is to be Q.11-15. In each of the following questions, a word is
suspected. (C) given followed by three sentences consisting of a
(1) CAB (2) CBA (3) BAC blank. Choose the sentence/s in which the given
(4) ACB (5) No change required word can correctly be filled in.
Q.6-10. In each of the following questions, a sentence with (IBPS CLERK MAINS 2020)
three words given in bold type is given. These are Q.11. BOUGH
numbered as (A), (B) and (C). These three words I. A pair of birds settle on the _______ above them,
given in bold may or may not be used at their murmuring together, ready to roost.
correct place. Choose the option which shows
II. The bigger the _________, the more fruit is
the correct sequence of words according to their
likely to sprout from it.
appropriate place.
III. The Vicar leads a procession through the village,
(IBPS PO MAINS 2019)
he is followed by the Tower Captain holding the
Q.6. It doesn’t take a mathematician to conclude that a Oak _______.
family relying on content (A) wages is more single
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(1) Only I (2) Only II III. ______ along by the flow of traffic, she passed
(3) Both I and II (4) Both II and III through the forum arch into a stew of noises,
colours, and evil smells.
(5) All of the above
(1) Only I
Q.12. HORDE
(2) Only II
I. A York gardener was caught red-handed
with a ______ of stolen statues, gnomes and (3) Both I and II
ornaments, magistrates heard. (4) Both II and III
II. The Indian peasants groaned under the burden (5) All of the above
of taxes imposed to subsidise a ______ of Q.16-20. In the following questions, a sentence with three
functionaries. words in bold type is given. These are numbered
III. Even as the tubby principal shouted, doors as (A), (B) and (C). These three words given in
smacked against the walls and a ______ of bold may or may not be used at their correct
young teenagers filled the immediate area. place. Choose the option which shows the correct
(1) Only I (2) Only II sequence of words according to their appropriate
place.
(3) Both I and II (4) Both II and III
(IBPS CLERK PRE 2021)
(5) All of the above
Q.16. On the quantum of fall fund, managers say since the
Q.13. APPRISE
selling pulling (A) is very high among FPIs, buyers
I. Time was set aside each afternoon for informal are quoting (B) lower levels and that is intensity
meetings to _______ other staff members of the (C) down the markets sharply.
team’s activities and progress.
(1) CAB (2) CBA (3) ACB
II. He smiled with gentle irony when I told him
(4) BCA (5) No change required.
of what I had heard, and how I had hastened to
_______ him of it. Q.17. Facial recognition can be of constructive use in
fallible (A) fields, but it is numerous (B) and must
III. Mordaunt had called on the bishop that very
be regulated to guard against its potential (C)
evening to ______ him of the religious desire
misuse.
expressed by the king.
(1) CAB (2) CBA (3) ACB
(1) Only I (2) Only II
(4) BAC (5) No change required.
(3) Both I and II (4) Both II and III
Q.18. At a time when the Indian banking sector is
(5) All of the above
struggling (A) with bad loans because of the
Q.14. BALMY inability (B) of over-extended companies to repay
I. Botanically a grass, sugar cane’s roots lie in the them, it seems that the agricultural (C) sector will
South Pacific, but it now grows wherever the add to its woes.
climate is warm and _______. (1) CAB (2) CBA (3) ACB
II. There’s magic in any family vacation with (4) BCA (5) No change required.
beautiful beaches, ______ trade-winds, and
Q.19. The government has begun identifying (A) records
flaming sunsets.
of about 67,000 employees, including (B) IAS and
III. Asking the locals something apparently obvious IPS officers, with the intention of reviewing (C)
with a Scottish accent just makes them think I’m non-performers and corrupt officials.
_______ .
(1) CAB (2) CBA
(1) Only I (2) Only II
(3) ACB (4) BAC
(3) Both I and II (4) Both II and III
(5) No change required.
(5) All of the above
Q.20. Onions are loaded (A) with ample component (B)
Q.15. BORNE of sulphur, which is mostly found in amino acid, an
I. It should be _______ in mind that words or active amount (C) present in proteins.
behaviour may be annoying or rude without (1) CAB (2) CBA
being necessarily abusive or insulting.
(3) ACB (4) BCA
II. Leafy shoots are ______ adventitiously on the
(5) No change required.
dorsal side of the long, creeping root.
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Q.21-24. In the following questions, a highlighted word Q.24. TURBULENCE
followed by three sentences is given. Select the A. Movement of the gas near the surface causes
sentence(s) in which the highlighted word has vigorous turbulence that produces a broad spectrum
correctly been used. of random noises.
(RRB CLERK MAINS 2021) B. It is extremely uncomfortable as the plane is
Q.21. SPECTRUM thrown around violently, in the worst turbulence
A. He has used the spectrum of colours in the imaginable.
rainbow effectively to create an atmosphere of calm. C. A society where the social divide between haves
B. The research team is now exploring the possibility and have-nots has become a turbulence is a society
of using eye contact sensor glasses to treat children that breeds violence and brutality.
with autistic spectrum disorder. (1) Only A
C. The acute effects that may be induced by (2) Both B and C
psychedelic drugs encompass a broad spectrum of (3) Both A and B
alterations.
(4) Only B
(1) Only A
(5) Both A and C
(2) Both B and C
Q.25-27. In the following sentences, four words are given
(3) Both A and B in bold, which may or may not be appropriate
(4) Only B to use, followed by four options which have the
(5) A, B and C highlighted word and a suggestion of word to
replace it. Choose the alternative which forms a
Q.22. COGNIZANT
meaningful sentence after replacement.
A. I wonder if the experts are truly cognizant of the
(SBI CLERK MAINS 2021)
unnecessary division that separates the layman from
the cultured. Q.25. There is a need for more energy between
the election agendas and their implementation to
B. He was emotionally lost at that point, and I don’t
tackle environmental issues and the impacts of
think he was too cognizant of anything or anybody.
climate change.
C. Since Independence, Lata Mangeshkar has
(1) Election- Selection
been cognizant from the soundtrack of our everyday
lives. (2) Energy- Synergy
(1) Only A (3) Environmental- Environment
(2) Both B and C (4) Impacts- Impact
(3) Both A and B (5) All are correct
(4) Only B Q.26. Qualify journalism in digital media can no longer
be supportive by an advertising-driven business
(5) Both A and C
model.
Q.23. EXPEDITE
(1) Qualify- Quality
A. Make sure you have his social-security number
(2) Digital- Mass
so that you can expedite the filing process.
(3) Supportive- Supported
B. She genuinely, and far less self-interestedly than
most, wanted to help expedite young talent to the (4) Driven- Drive
empyrean. (5) Both (1) and (3)
C. The activities at this office have become costly Q.27. Information inequality will eventually exacerbate
because of the movements to expedite the issuance economic and social inequalities and polarize the
and processing of passports. public spherical.
(1) Only A (1) Inequality - Unequal
(2) Both B and C (2) Exacerbate – Exceed
(3) Both A and B (3) Spherical - Sphere
(4) Only B (4) Polarize - Potentialize
(5) Both A and C (5) Both (2) and (3)

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PREVIOUS YEAR PAPER ANSWERS

(BASED ON MEMORY)
Q.1.(4) (C) is correctly placed as ‘grinding halt’ is correct, Q.14.(3) In I and II sentences, Balmy (adj.) – characterized
but (A) and (B) should be interchanged as ‘amid by pleasantly warm weather.
(preposition)’ means ‘at a time of’and ‘amid for’ is In III sentence, Barmy (adj.) – crazy.
incorrect too, apart from it ‘brace’ means ‘support’ Q.15.(5) In I, II and III sentences, Bear (v) – carry, support
which does not give any logical sense here. (Past Participle- borne).
Q.2.(1) ‘spending health-care’ is meaningless but ‘raising Q.16.(2) (B) is correctly placed, but (A) and (C) should be
health care spending’ means ‘increasing the cost interchanged as ‘selling’ and ‘pulling’ are written
involved in health-care’which is contextually together which does not have any meaning but
and grammatically correct apart from that ‘selling intensity’ is correct and meaningful as well.
‘provide’ is the only word to put in place of C as Q.17.(4) (C) is correctly placed, but (A) and (B) should be
‘to’ is followed by V1. interchanged as ‘fallible’ means ‘error-prone’ and
Q.3.(2) All (A), (B) and (C) should be changed in ‘facial recognition is numerous’ is incorrect but
position. In place of A ‘both tournaments ‘facial recognition is fallible’ will be correct and
and problems’ are not possible as article ‘a’ is meaningful as well.
given which needs a singular noun. If we put Q.18.(5) No change required.
‘tournaments’ in place of B, it would become Q.19.(2) (B) is correctly placed, but (A) and (C) should
‘cause greater tournaments’, for tournament, be interchanged as the sentence states that the
cause is an illogical word. ‘intention is to review corrupt officials’ which
The correct sentence would be: is meaningless but ‘the intention of identifying
A last-minute cancellation (A) of an event would corrupt officials’ is correct and meaningful as well.
cause greater problems(B) to lower-ranked players, Q.20.(3) (A) is correctly placed, but (B) and (C) should
as tournaments (C) accept entries based on rankings. be interchanged because ‘onions are loaded
Q.4.(5) No change required. with sufficient amount of sulphur’ will make the
Q.5.(4) (A) is correctly placed, but ‘arrested of committing sentence contextually correct and since ‘active
an offence is to be suspected’ means ‘the person is amount’ does not have any sense, ‘an active
arrested first and then suspected’ which seems to be component’ should be there.
illogical, apart from that ‘arrest’ does not take ‘of’ Q.21.(5) Spectrum (n) - a wide range.
with it, so interchanging (B) and (C) will make the Q.22.(3) Cognizant (adj.) - having knowledge or awareness.
sentence grammatically and contextually correct. In sentence C- Inseparable (adj.) - unable to be
Q.6.(1) Content means peacefully happy which makes separated or treated separately should be used.
place of (A) incorrect. So, ‘content’ should be Q.23.(5) Expedite (v) - make (an action or process) happen
placed at (B) and ‘single’ should be placed at (C) sooner or be accomplished more quickly.
as ‘single parent’ is correct which automatically In sentence B- Propel (v) - drive or push something
sends ‘double’ at place (A). forwards should be used.
Q.7.(4) ‘opportunities development’ is grammatically Q.24.(2) Turbulence (n) - a state of conflict or confusion.
incorrect as an adjective is required to qualify In sentence A- Chasm (n) – a deep fissure in the
the noun ‘development’, but ‘sustainable’ can be earth’s surface should be used.
appropriate here. Q.25.(2) Energy will be replaced by synergy, as synergy (n)
If we place ‘achieved’ after ‘be’, it will become means coordination and cooperation between or
grammatically correct and meaningful as well. among two or more related objects or concerns to
Q.8.(5) No change required. increase the effectiveness. Here synergy will provide
Q.9.(3) (A) is correctly placed, but (B) and (C) should be the same meaning, coordination between election
interchanged. The sentence tries to convey that agenda and implementation must be established.
India is capable as it has zero tolerance. Q.26.(5) Qualify (v) is not required here, quality (adj. here)
Q.10.(4) (C) is correctly placed, but (A) and (B) should be will act as a qualifier of journalism.
interchanged as ‘governments failed to control’ Supportive (n) will not give the correct meaning
will make the sentence grammatically and to the sentence, Supported by will constitute as a
contextually correct. verb here and provide meaning to the sentence.
Q.11.(5) In I, II and III sentences, Bough (n) - the main Q.27.(5) Exacerbate (v): To worsen something already
branch of a tree. in the problem.Spherical (adj.) is not providing
Q.12.(4) In II and III sentences, Horde (n) – a large group a correct meaning here, while “public sphere”
of people. will act as a compound noun, to describe a zone
In I sentence, Hoard (n) –stock. or section in particular, that makes the sentence
Q.13.(5) In I, II and III sentences, Apprise (v) – inform or meaningful.
tell (someone).
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CHAPTER

READING
15
COMPREHEMSION
Questions on Reading Comprehension measure the ability 6. Read the questions carefully, making sure that you
to understand, analyze and apply information and concepts understand what is being asked. If need better refer
presented in the written form. All questions are to be back to the passage for finding the answer.
answered on the basis of what is stated or implied in the 7. The choice may expand or extend the idea or contrast
given passage. Reading comprehenssion, therefore evaluates the idea running in the paragraph.
your ability to :
8. Read all the alternatives very carefully,, without first
Understand words and statements in the given passage. reading all the alternatives, do not assume that you
Understand the logical relationships between points and have selected the best answer.
concepts in the given passage. 9. Many a times the last sentence pf the paragraph can
Draw inference from facts and statements in the given also provide a clue.
passage. 10. Usually the correct choice will not deviate from the
Read the questions first before you read the passage. subject matter too much.
Guidelines for answering the reading comprehenssion 11. Don't jump to conclusions with fact questions using
questions:- Roman numerals to indentify answer choices:- You
1. Read the question first before you read the passage. will reconize this style of question as soon as you
see it:
2. Identify the type of passage you are reading.
a. I only b. II only c. III only
3. Identify the core idea or the theme of the paragraph.
d. I and II only e. II and III only
4. Look for the clues in the choices, normally the
correct is the one which falls under the theme. The catch is that, oftentimes, facts I and II will be presented
very close to each other in the passage, but fact III will be
5. Answer all the questions on the basis of what is
buried much further in the text. Take the time to review and
stated or implied in the passage itself.
consider each fact on its own merites.
Keep Practicing & Keep Learning

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exercise LEVEL - 1
should be prepared for more scrutiny on upholding
EXERCISE - 1
such ideals. Having raised the pitch on India’s global
Q.1-5. Read the passage carefully and answer the prominence as G-20 President, and its power to shape
questions based on it. the global narrative, the Government may find that
The Government launched its year of the G-20 with great power comes great responsibility, and a
presidency on December 1 with some pomp, and greater spotlight on its ability to translate its global
100 monuments from Kashmir to Kanyakumari lit dreams into the domestic landscape as well.
up with India’s G-20 logo symbolising the motto Q.1. What is not true regarding grand plans for the
“Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam, or “one earth, one family, G-20 Summit described in the passage?
one future”. In an editorial essay, Prime Minister
(1) 100 monuments are prepared for G-20 Summit
committed to making India’s year of chairmanship
from all over the country.
as one that will focus on “healing our ‘One Earth’,
creating harmony within our ‘One Family’ and giving (2) 200 meetings to be done across the country.
hope for our ‘One Future’”. There are plans for about (3) Leaders among the P-5 countries were to be
200 G-20 meetings across India. The preparatory and participated.
ministerial meetings will culminate in grand plans for (4) Mr. Modi will not be travelling to abroad to
a G-20 Summit, which will bring leaders of the ‘P-5’ increase the participation of the countries.
countries and others to New Delhi next September. (5) India’s logo will symbolize ‘Vasudhaiv
India has taken the baton from Indonesia, which kutumbakam’ which means one world one family..
had a difficult time in even scheduling meetings and
ensuring full participation due to differences over the Q.2. What challenges were not met by Indonesia
Ukraine war. There was even uncertainty till the end hosting the G-20 Summit?
over whether all major leaders would attend; whether (1) Scheduling of the meetings were not done
they would agree to a joint photo-opportunity (they properly
did not), and whether there would be a joint statement (2) Participation of all the major countries and
— which was eventually forged. Like Indonesian leaders in the summit
President Joko Widodo, Mr. Modi will have to travel (3) Differences due to the Ukraine war
abroad to ensure that all G-20 leaders and invitees
(4) Major leaders agreed to joint- photo opportunity.
attend at the highest level. And officials will have
to burn more midnight oil to achieve consensus on (5) Indonesian President Joko Widodo travelling
statements. abroad to ensure the participation of all the leaders.
Symbolism and logistical coordination aside, the Q.3. What are the points the Indian officials are
Government has a tough task ahead in conducting focusing for the G-20 agenda?
substantive negotiations to bring together a A. Counter attack on the terrorism across the world
comprehensive G-20 agenda, where officials said B. Creating trade innovations and inter connection
they would focus on counter-terrorism, supply across the countries easier
chain disruptions and global unity. In 2008, the first C. Having global unity and peace
G-20 summit-level meeting in the U.S. was during a
(1) Only A (2) Only B
moment of crisis for the world’s financial systems. In
2022, the task for Mr. Modi and his team is equally (3) Only A and C (4) Only C
crucial, given the lasting effects of the Russian war (5) Only A and B.
in Ukraine, western sanctions on energy that will Q.4. Which of the following are the factors that are
deepen this month, economic downturns, pandemic not challenging the foundation of globalisation
worries and climate change issues that are testing the and global economy?
foundations of globalisation and an interconnected (1) Western countries not involving in energy trade.
global economy. In his editorial, Mr. Modi said India
would forge its G-20 agenda through its tradition (2) Economic conditions are varying across the globe
of “collective decision-making” that, like India’s (3) Pandemics spreading across different parts of
national consensus, would be made “... by blending the world.
millions of free voices into one harmonious melody”. (4) Issues related to climate change across the world.
At a time India itself faces economic distress and (5) Friendly relations among different countries of
social and communal tensions, the Government the world..
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Q.5. Which of the following fact(s) is/are directly India, old clothes are repurposed into quilts. In Japan,
related to G20 summits worldwide? reusable cloth gift wrappers are used to wrap gifts.
A. First summit held during financial crisis in the Sweden’s culture encourages its people not to waste
world in US anything. If the countries learn from each other and
implement all these practices as much as possible,
B. Due to the Russian war in Ukraine 2022 summit
there will be a lot less burden on the environment.
will be crucial
Even though individual actions matter a lot to
C. PM is intending to host the summit in accordance
protect the environment, it alone is not sufficient.
with the foreign countries
Governments around the world should take action
(1) Only A (2) Only C by bringing policy reforms and implementing several
(3) Only A and B (4) Only B action plans such as transitioning to renewable energy
(5) Only A and C. resources, incentivizing rainwater harvesting, eco-
friendly businesses etc.
EXERCISE - 2
The Lifestyle for Environment (LIFE) movement
Q.6-12. Read the passage carefully and answer the encourages people to adopt eco-friendly practices and
questions based on it. to become pro-planet people. Individual actions such
India proposed the ‘Lifestyle for Environment’ as taking public transport instead of own vehicle,
(LIFE) movement at the COP-26 summit in 2021. switching off lights and fans when they are not in
LIFE movement encourages people to become pro- use etc. can collectively bring a change in society.
planet people by changing to eco-friendly lifestyles. Q.6. How LIFE movement encourages people to
By changing habits, eco-friendly practices can be become pro-planet people?
incorporated into daily lives. Individual actions can
collectively bring a change in society. A. Changing the daily activities or habits of
individuals from rural to urban.
Small actions such as taking public transport instead
of own vehicle, switching off lights and fans when B. Doing a collective change in the society by taking
they are not in use etc. can help the environment so some collective rules.
much. According to the ‘United Nations Environment C. Incorporating eco-friendly practices in day to
Programme’ (UNEP), if one billion people out of day life by individuals.
the total global population of eight billion adopt eco D. Changing the society by changing the individual’s
friendly behaviours in their daily lives, global carbon actions in daily life.
emissions could be reduced by approximately 20 per (1) Only C (2) Only D
cent. At present, consumerism is growing worldwide.
(3) Only A and C (4) Only B and C
People are increasingly buying things such as gadgets,
clothes and other possessions for happiness. But it is (5) Only C and D.
affecting the environment negatively. For example, Q.7. What can be the measures to inculcate the eco-
the fashion industry accounts 10% of global carbon friendly practices in day to day life?
dioxide output – more than international flights and (1) Changing individual actions to bring a change
shipping combined. Growing incomes, influencer in society by changing habits.
culture, and equating material wealth with success are
(2) Not using personal vehicles such as car instead
some of the reasons for rising materialism. Conscious
public transport.
purchases by analyzing whether we really need the
thing we are planning to buy can avoid additional (3) Don’t leave the lights and fans and other
burdens on the environment. electrical equipment open when not in use.
Throwaway culture is growing. A few years ago, it (4) Using commercial sources of energy more than
was a norm to repair and reuse goods. But now, it is a the renewable sources effectively.
norm to throw away products even if there is a scope (5) All except 4..
to fix them. Moreover, the production of disposable Q.8. Which of the following are the facts about
and short-lived products is on the rise. There is a need growing consumerism worldwide?
to change this phenomenon and encourage a circular
A. People are interested in buying new gadgets for
economy, which involves sharing, repairing, reusing,
their happiness.
recycling and upcycling. It can help in saving valuable
resources on earth. Several countries follow different B. Fashion industry accounts to 10% of the global
environmentally friendly practices. For example, in carbon dioxide.

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C. International flights and shipping combined of negotiations, and is likely to be widely debated.
produce more carbon than fashion industry. India is now not part of the 15-nation trade bloc —
(1) Only A (2) Only C of the 10 Association of South East Asian Nations
(ASEAN), China, Japan, South Korea, Australia, and
(3) Only B and C (4) Only A and B
New Zealand. India has said the deal disadvantages
(5) Only B. its services and agrarian sectors. It is also worried at
Q.9. Which of the following is/are not one of the the prospect of the country being flooded by cheap
reasons for the rising materialism? imports from China, some routed through the other
(1) Growing incomes. RCEP signatories. And it is worried about the lack
of adequate safeguards. Some of these are justifiable.
(2) Influence of the culture.
For instance, the ASEAN China Free Trade Area
(3) Possessing materials according to status. agreement, signed in 2002, has benefitted China
(4) Proportioning material wealth and success. much more than it has the ASEAN countries. India
(5) Increasing recycling of the products.. eventually decided to play it safe by pulling out at
Q.10. What are some environment friendly practices the last minute from the Regional Comprehensive
done by different countries? Economic Partnership which was finalised by 15
countries in Bangkok.
(1) Indians made quilt from the waste cloth they
have. The pressure mounted on the government and the
Prime Minister by interest groups, ranging from
(2) Swedish encourage to not waste the things farmers, small industries and traders, to political
unpurposely. parties across the board, surely played a major role
(3) Japanese make gift wraps from reusable gift in the decision to stay out of the grouping. The
cloth wrappers. country had little choice but to exit after its safeguard
(4) Japanese also make quilt from the waste cloth requests were not conceded. On the one side was
like Indians. the looming figure of China in the group and that
(5) All of the above country’s desperate need to find newer markets for
its products in the backdrop of its trade dispute with
Q.11. What is /are the alternatives to change the the U.S. That India runs a massive bilateral trade
throwaway culture? deficit of $53 billion with China and the fact that
A. Repairing B. Reusing China has not taken satisfactory efforts to whittle
C. Recycling D. Upcycling down the deficit certainly were major inputs in India’s
E. Storing decision. Second, India’s experience with countries
with which it has signed free trade agreements till
(1) Only A,B and C (2) Only E
now is not exactly a happy one. Though trade has
(3) Only A, B , C and D (4) Only D increased post-FTA with South Korea, ASEAN and
(5) All of these. Japan, imports have risen faster than exports from
Q.12. What is/are not the strategies Government can India. According to a paper published by NITI Aayog,
withhold to have an eco-friendly environment? India has a bilateral trade deficit with most of the
member countries of RCEP.
(1) Depending less on non-renewable energy
resources. Yet, by not signing the deal, India has missed the
opportunity to be part of global supply chains, and
(2) Promoting rainwater harvesting.
closed the door on some trade opportunities in the
(3) Making policy reforms and implementing action region — a not-so-easy trade-off for a country that
plans. has grown its economy the fastest when exports have
(4) Making consumerism and materialism grow. done well. There’s more, though. The Indian economy
(5) Promoting businesses which are eco-friendly.. is in the grip of a slowdown now, and the country’s
entry into RCEP at such a time would have caused
EXERCISE - 3 significant pain. It may have meant more industrial
Q.13-17. Read the following passage and answer the distress. And it could have caused more jobs to be lost
questions based on it. at a time when enough are definitely not being created.
India has finally decided not to become part of the Whatever the reason, the deal is off for now, although
Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership. The India can choose to revisit it at a later date.
decision comes after several years and tens of rounds For one, bilateral trade agreements become even

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more important now. India would do well to close a C. Introducing labour laws.
trade deal with the US (which, like it, is also out of D. Making a few changes to improve agricultural
big trade blocs). It should also explore trade deals sector.
with Australia and other key countries in the region
(1) Only A (2) Both B and C
even as it works to close the renegotiation of its free
trade agreement with ASEAN. For another, India (3) Both A and B (4) Only D
will have to work hard (and use the time it is out of (5) Both C and D.
RCEP because, at some stage, it will have to become Q.16. On the basis of your reading, mention the
part of it) to make its own industry, including small reason(s) behind India’s withdrawal from the
industry, more competitive. It will mean addressing Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership.
the crisis in the country’s financial sector. That will
A. Avoiding future furore and complications.
require agricultural reform. It may require new labour
laws too. In effect, it will require India to ensure that B. Political parties being hostile about it.
its industry and economy are competitive enough to C. Pressure on govt. from small businessmen,
hold their own. Protectionism is good as long as it interest groups, etc.
serves the objective of boosting competitiveness. (1) Only A (2) Only B
Thus far, India’s record on this isn’t great. Its high (3) Both B and C (4) Both A and C
walls have usually served to make Indian industry (5) Only C.
and the economy complacent at best and downright
uncompetitive at worst. That will have to change. Q.17. India is supposed to take which of the following
steps?
Q.13. With reference to the passage, India’s state has
been described as disquiet due to- (1) Ensure demarcated competitiveness to avoid
unnecessary conflicts.
A. The downfall in the exports due to opting out of
RCEP. (2) Involve the US in the trade agreements.
B. Shortage of optimum safety measures. (3) Discuss and reach conclusion with respect to the
RCEP.
C. Possibility of India being dominated by low-
priced imports. (4) Understand the importance of bi-lateral trade
agreements.
D. Not being able to become a global power in
supplying. (5) Discover new areas to do business..
(1) Only A (2) Both A and B EXERCISE - 4
(3) Only D (4) Both B and C Q.18-22. Read the following passage and answer the
(5) Both C and D. questions based on it. Certain words have been
given in bold to help you locate the answers.
Q.14. Which among the following statements is/
are NOT TRUE in the context of the passage? In a rare turn of events, a CBSE exam question raised
cries of “shame” in Parliament yesterday. Drawing
(1) None of the attempts of China to undermine the the government’s attention to “the nationwide
deficit between itself and India are good enough. outrage regarding a shockingly regressive passage”
(2) India had no other strong alternative which could that featured in a Class X exam, Congress president
be a reason for not opting out of the RCEP. Sonia Gandhi read out parts of it. Its gist is that
(3) There is a colossal trade deficit between India “subordination” of wife once taught “children and
and China. servants” to know their place but her emancipation
(4) The industries in India have been quite self- has now destroyed discipline in homes. CBSE has
satisfied and uncompetitive. responded by first dropping this set of questions and
next saying that it will set up an expert committee
(5) Owing to the uptake in the Indian economy, the to review and strengthen the paper-setting process.
nation’s exit from RCEP would have been lucrative.. This must happen quickly, the findings must be made
Q.15. On what sphere(s) does India need to work to fulfil public, and the follow-up action must look credible.
the prerequisites to promote competitiveness in The pandemic-led disruption two summers in a row
its own industry? saw students waiting week to month to know whether
A. Boosting exports to foreign countries. exams would be held. There was a further anxious
B. Signing an MOU with the US. wait to know how evaluation would be done. CBSE
did right to minimise uncertainties for the 2021-22
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academic session by splitting it into two terms, the first Q.21. What factor(s) has/have aggravated the already
of which is being assessed now in a multiple-choice futile time for children?
format. But the pileup of complaints indicates that its (1) No vaccination drives for children.
exam-setters have fallen short of the challenge.
(2) Schools are still not able to perform properly.
The board’s walk back on the gender passage above,
(3) Poor mid-day meals.
as also on a question about Gujarat riots earlier, have
grabbed the most attention. But beyond these there (4) Badly framed exam questions.
has been a spate of grammatical errors, incorrect (5) All of the above..
or even missing questions, wrong answer keys, Q.22. Which of the following gives the same meaning
and other glitches. In one case the CBSE controller of the phrasal verb ‘walk back’ as mentioned in
responded to criticism by saying that “the options the passage?
were a bit tricky, but not confusing.” Such quibbling
(1) Repeat an action or decision
suggests wilful misunderstanding of the objective
test format. We, as adults have failed to vaccinate (2) Make mandatory
the children, open schools for them or give them (3) Retract a statement or reverse an action or
mid-day meals. Now, badly framed exam questions decision.
are another source of anxiety. (4) Accidentally interrupt
Of the over 60 boards in the country, CBSE (5) Explain in detail.
accreditation is near the top. Why aren’t these
obvious lapses detected in the review process? How EXERCISE - 5
robust is the process that selects question-setters? In Q.23-27. Read the following passage and answer the
case of egregious goof-ups, how is accountability questions based on it.
fixed? CBSE has many questions to answer – and Irrespective of whether one is a renunciate or a
they are all grammatically correct, sensible ones. householder, the words of wisdom contained in
Q.18. What would be the expectations from the expert the Bhagwad Gita teach us the method of leading a
committee to be setup by the CBSE? balanced life – a life that attaches equal importance
(1) The dug-out results must be made known to public. to the spiritual aspect of life and attainment of
proficiency in worldly affairs. The Gita urges
(2) There should be tangible and convincing follow- repeatedly that one should live in the world like a
up action. lotus leaf, which remains pure and untainted despite
(3) The entire way in which exams are conducted being surrounded by filthy water. The Gita opens with
must be reviewed. a vivid description of men and things on the eve of
(4) The paper-setting process must be strengthened. the great battle of Kurukshetra. At the eleventh hour,
(5) All except (3). Arjun’s mind is tormented at the sight of his venerable
preceptors, sires and grandsires, sons and grandsons
Q.19. As per the passage, an expert committee is in who are present in the battlefield.
talks to be setup by the CBSE owing to-
The very thought of fratricidal carnage and bloodshed
A. The indiscipline prevalent in the board that would ensue causes untold agony to his delicate
B. The blunder happened in the question paper. mind – so much so that he puts aside his bow and arrow
C. The comments made by political party leaders and is in no mental condition to fight. It is ironical that
(1) Only A (2) Both B and C despite being a householder belonging to the warrior
caste, Arjun conducts himself like a sannyasin and
(3) Both A and B (4) Only B
puts up a plausible plea for abstention from activity
(5) Both A and C. and for withdrawing from the world, an ideal which
Q.20. How does one know that the new way for was popular among certain sects at the time when the
evaluation of students hasn’t met expectations? Gita was written. Significantly, his reluctance to fight
A. It is way too easy to be considered for evaluation. is not an outcome of utter dispassion; it is because his
mind is governed by false passion.
B. Opposing people are more than those who favour.
The Gita elaborates on whether action or renunciation
C. Complaints are way too high.
of action is better and concludes that action is a better
(1) Only B (2) Both A and B option. The discourse on Samkhya Yog lays stress on
(3) Both A and C (4) Only C renunciation of action. This is because every deed,
(5) Only B. irrespective of whether it is good or bad, brings about
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its natural effect and binds one to the world, posing Q.24. As per your reading, which of the following best
an impediment to liberation. It is, therefore, argued describes the tone of the passage?
that one must renounce all action and become a (1) Emotional Tone. (2) Introspective Tone.
sannyasin. At the same time, the teacher of the Gita (3) Sarcastic Tone. (4) Informative Tone
asserts that abstention from action is just not possible. (5) Humorous Tone..
This is because nature is at work on a constant basis. Q.25. Why is it so that one cannot stay away from
The teacher of the Gita does not reject the world as working?
a mere illusion and action as a snare. He advocates (1) As everyone knows the teachings of Gita
leading an active life in the world with the inner
(2) Because of the hindrance posed by people who
life anchored in the eternal spirit. The Gita thus is a
don’t work
mandate for action; it teaches that perfection can be
(3) Because nature is constantly at work.
attained even while doing one’s duties.
(4) Owing to the necessity of work
Gandhi ji in his commentary on the Gita opined that it is
(5) Not mentioned in the passage.
not desire that vitiates the action but selfish desire, that
Q.26. Which of the following is/are NOT TRUE as per
is the desire for fruit; and if an end is put to this selfish
the passage?
desire, the action performed won’t be binding. The
abandonment of the desire for fruit encompasses both (1) One must lead an active life in the world with
‘sannyas’ and ‘tyag’, both having the etymological the inner life anchored in the eternal spirit.
meaning ‘give up’. In this context, the person who (2) The aspiration of fruit is what makes life living
completely abstains from performing action is not a worthwhile
sannyasi but only an idler or hypocrite. Krishn says (3) The Gita concludes that working is better than
in the Gita: “He who performs all actions in a spirit of leaving the work.
surrender to the Eternal Being, abandoning attachment, (4) The teacher of the Gita considers the world as
is as unaffected by sin as a lotus leaf by filthy water.” a mere illusion.
The Gita thus advocates detachment from desires and (5) Detachment from desires and yet working
not cessation from work. regularly is what the Gita teaches..
Q.23. With reference to the passage, the governance of Q.27. As per the passage, while performing all of one’s
false passion led Arjun to- duties, one still can-
A. Dispassion towards fight A. Achieve sanity
B. Assure success
B. The fear of losing his own people.
C. Ascertain reason behind failure
C. Unwillingness to fight D. Acquire perfection.
(1) Only A (2) Both B and C (1) Only B (2) Both B and C
(3) Both A and B (4) Only B (3) Only D (4) Both A and D
(5) Both A and C. (5) Only A
eXPLANATION LEVEL - 1
paragraph.
EXERCISE 1
Q.9.(5) The answer can be inferred from the last of the
Q.1.(4) The answer can be inferred from the first paragraph.
second paragraph.
Q.2.(4) The answer can be inferred from the middle of the
Q.10.(5) The answer can be inferred from the last of the third
first paragraph.
paragraph.
Q.3.(3) The answer can be inferred from the middle of the
Q.11.(3) The answer can be inferred from the third paragraph.
second paragraph.
Q.12.(4) The answer can be inferred from the fourth
Q.4.(5) The answer can be inferred from the middle of the
paragraph.
second paragraph.
Q.5.(3) The answer can be inferred from the beginning of EXERCISE - 3
second paragraph. Q.13.(4) The answer can be inferred from the first paragraph.
EXERCISE - 2 Q.14.(5) The answer can be inferred from the mid of the third
paragraph.
Q.6.(5) The answer can be inferred from the first paragraph.
Q.15.(5) The answer can be inferred from the last paragraph.
Q.7.(5) The answer can be inferred from the beginning of
the first paragraph and last paragraph. Q.16.(5) The answer can be inferred from the second
paragraph.
Q.8.(4) The answer can be inferred from the second
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Q.17.(5) The answer can be inferred from the beginning of For other options:
the fourth paragraph. When the author talks about analysing one’s feelings
EXERCISE - 4 or contemplating one’s actions, the introspective
tone is employed in the passage.
Q.18.(5) The answer can be inferred from the end of the first
paragraph. While narrating an incident/event/story, the author
uses an emotional tone of writing in order to portray
Q.19.(4) The answer can be inferred from the first paragraph.
the feelings regarding the same.
Q.20.(4) The answer can be inferred from the second
Sarcastic Tone is where the author uses his words
paragraph.
to ridicule the topic under discussion.
Q.21.(4) The answer can be inferred from the third paragraph.
One of the most interesting tones of writing,
Q.22.(3) e.g. - Senior members of the administration tried to
a humorous tone is witty and amusing at the same
walk back her comments.
time.
EXERCISE - 5 Q.25.(3) The answer can be inferred from the mid of the third
Q.23.(4) The answer can be inferred from the second paragraph.
paragraph. Q.26.(2) The answer can be inferred from the last
Q.24.(4) Informative tone, as the name describes, gives paragraph.
information about certain aspects of a subject Q.27.(3) The answer can be inferred from the third
matter. The passage seems to be a study of Bhagwad paragraph.
Gita and its effects and hence is informative.
exercise LEVEL - 2
away by incentives offered by another community.
EXERCISE - 1
Indigenous industry and talent are kept at home,
Q.1-5. Read the passage carefully and answer the creating an environment that both provides jobs
questions: and fosters further entrepreneurship.
During the 1960’s and 1970’s, the primary economic Q.1. Which of the following points about local
development strategy of local governments in entrepreneurs is not stated in the passage?
the United States was to attract manufacturing
(1) They hold omnipresent kind of nature.
industries. Unfortunately, this strategy was
usually implemented at another community’s (2) Potential Entrepreneurship is encouraged by
expense: many manufacturing facilities were them.
lured away from their moorings elsewhere through (3) Investors who belong to out of the community
tax incentives and slick promotional efforts. invest in them.
Through the transfer of jobs and related revenues (4) They generate huge employment for local
that resulted from this practice, one town’s people.
triumph could become another town’s tragedy.
(5) They are well set up in their communities only.
In the 1980’s the strategy shifted from this
zero-sum game to one called “high-technology Q.2. According to the passage, in what way(s) the
development,” in which local governments manufacturing industries were favorable
competed to attract newly formed high-technology before the evolution of high-technology in the
manufacturing firms. Although this approach was 1980’s?
preferable to victimizing other geographical areas A. Many of the most efficient personnel switched
by taking their jobs, it also had its shortcomings: to small entrepreneurial enterprises.
high-tech manufacturing firms employ only a B. These industries got a major success in terms of
specially trained fraction of the manufacturing profits during the 1960’s and 1970’s.
workforce, and there simply are not enough
C. Real economic benefits and employment were
high-tech firms to satisfy all geographic areas.
seen in the areas where they were located.
Recently, local governments have increasingly
come to recognize the advantages of yet a third D. They employed only the masses who had
strategy: the promotion of homegrown small specialized technological skills.
businesses. Small indigenous businesses are (1) Both A & C (2) Both B & D
created by a nearly ubiquitous resource, local (3) Only C (4) Only D
entrepreneurs. With roots in their communities,
(5) Only A
these individuals are less likely to be enticed
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Q.3. As per the understanding of the passage, the determine the time at which the inferred climatic
chief objective of the passage is to: conditions held. This last criterion is more easily
(1) prescribe more effective ways to foster the met in dating marine sediments, because dating of
growth of high-technology industries. only a small number of layers in a marine sequence
(2) compare the economic benefits received from allows the age of other layers to be estimated
local governments and the private sector industries. fairly reliably by extrapolation and interpolation.
By contrast, since sedimentation is much less
(3) raise the questions against the programs being
continuous in continental regions, estimating the
used to stimulate local economic development.
age of a continental bed from the known ages of
(4) represent the efforts done by local governments beds above and below is more risky.
in order to attract new investors.
One very old method used in the investigation of
(5) analyze and access the steps taken and programs past climatic conditions involves the measurement
organized to develop the economy. of water levels in ancient lakes. In temperate
Q.4. As per the theme of the passage, the author regions, there are enough lakes for correlations
seems to be very positive about which of the between them to give us a reliable picture. In arid
following factors participating in economy? and semiarid regions, on the other hand, the small
(1) Local entrepreneurs number of lakes and the great distances between
(2) Promoters of high-technology them reduce the possibilities for correlation.
Moreover, since lake levels are controlled by
(3) State governments
rates of evaporation as well as by precipitation,
(4) Worldwide manufacturing-industries the interpretation of such levels is ambiguous. For
(5) Economic policy makers instance, the fact that lake levels in the semiarid
Q.5. Which of the following is TRUE in respect of of southwestern United States appear to have been
high-technology development? higher during the last ice age than they are now was
(1) It promotes and strengthens the modernization at one time attributed to increased precipitation.
of existing manufacturing facilities. On the basis of snow-line elevations, however, it
(2) It develops a healthy competition between has been concluded that the climate then was not
same kinds of industries. necessarily wetter than it is now, but rather that
both summers and winters were cooler, resulting
(3) It only believes in providing huge employment
in reduced evaporation.
to the masses whether skilled or not.
Another problematic method is to reconstruct
(4) It exploits all the local workers at the best level.
former climates on the basis of pollen profiles.
(5) It gives benefits to the workforce of a specific The type of vegetation in a specific region is
by harming another. determined by identifying and counting the
EXERCISE - 2 various pollen grains found there. Although the
Q.6-9. Read the passage carefully and answer the relationship between vegetation and climate is
questions: not as direct as the relationship between climate
and lake levels, the method often works well in
In choosing a method for determining
the temperate zones. In arid and semiarid regions
climatic conditions that existed in the past,
in which there is not much vegetation, however,
paleoclimatologists invoke four principal criteria.
small changes in one or a few plant types can
First, the material—rocks, lakes, vegetation, etc.—
change the picture dramatically, making accurate
on which the method relies must be widespread
correlations between neighboring areas difficult to
enough to provide plenty of information, since
obtain.
analysis of material that is rarely encountered will
not permit correlation with other regions or with Q.6. Which of the following statements best supports
other periods of geological history. Second, in the difference between marine and continental
the process of formation, the material must have sedimentation?
received an environmental signal that reflects (1) Data received from marine sedimentation
a change in climate and that can be deciphered is more consistent than the data received from
by modern physical or chemical means. Third, continental sedimentation.
at least some of the material must have retained (2) Estimation of the age of a layer in a sequence
the signal unaffected by subsequent changes in of continental sedimentation is much easier than
the environment. Fourth, it must be possible to that of marine sedimentation.

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(3) Marine sedimentation is less popular than The rise of the digital sector has presented unique
continental sedimentation. challenges for Indian regulatory authorities,
(4) Marine sedimentation includes the process of including the Competition Commission of India,
extrapolation whereas continental sedimentation thanks to significant differences in the way such
includes interpolation. markets operate compared to traditional markets.
(5) Estimation through continental sedimentation Further, several issues emerging from the growth
is more unsafe than through Marine sedimentation. of digital markets are being analysed by regulators
in other countries simultaneously, resulting in a
Q.7. Which of the following topics can be considered
lack of guidance from other jurisdictions. There is
as reason to continue the passage ahead?
growing demand, worldwide and in India, to hold
(1) The third method to investigate past climatic digital platforms responsible and accountable for
conditions. adverse impacts caused by them. This is evidenced
(2) Various varieties of plants found in dry areas. by recent investigations initiated by the CCI
(3) The positive or negative impact of disparity in into the operations of digital platforms such as
lake levels on pollen distribution. Google, WhatsApp, Apple, Zomato, Swiggy, etc.
A preliminary step involved in such probes is that
(4) The suitable material for preserving signals of
of defining a ‘relevant market’ within which such
climatic changes.
digital platforms operate. The Competition Act of
(5) Different points raised by paleoclimatologists 2002 requires the CCI to define a ‘relevant market’
while selecting the method to determine past based on what is regarded as interchangeable or
climatic conditions. substitutable by a consumer (“Relevant Market
Q.8. Why, according to the passage does the author Test"). The factors required for consideration by
discuss lake levels in the southwestern United the CCI while defining a ‘relevant market’ include
States? the physical characteristics or end use of goods,
(1) To clarify the process of sedimentation at lake prices of goods or services, consumer preferences,
level, evaporation, and precipitation. regulatory trade barriers and local specification
requirements, among others.
(2) Because he wants to exemplify of the flexibility
involved in interpreting lake levels. Until 2016, while defining a ‘relevant market’ for
e-commerce companies and marketplaces (such as
(3) In order to determine that there are not a
Snapdeal, Ebay, Yepme, Cloudtail, etc), the CCI
number of old lakes.
viewed online and offline segments as different
(4) To elucidate the effects of soaring rates of channels of distribution and not different relevant
evaporation on levels of precipitation. markets. This was based on the CCI’s view that the
(5) Because the author wishes to assert that snow- two segments differ in terms of discounts and the
line elevations are more accurate than lake levels shopping experience, and buyers would typically
in evaluating rates of precipitation at various weigh both online and offline options before
points in the past. making purchase decisions. Further, if prices of
Q.9. An environmental signal found in geological the same product or service available online were
material would be of no use to paleoclimatologists to increase significantly, then the consumer was
in which of the following conditions? likely to buy the product or service from an offline
(1) If it had to be clarified by new age chemical means. channel, and vice versa. In 2018, when examining a
complaint filed against e-commerce companies that
(2) In case it showed a change in climate rather alleged ‘abuse of dominance’ by way of predatory
than a long-term climatic condition. pricing and preferential treatment to certain
(3) If it was embodied into a material as the sellers, the CCI diverged from its initial view and
material was forming. recognized the possibility of a distinction between
(4) If it reflected successive environmental changes. online and offline segments. In October 2019, it
(5) When it was contained in a continental drew a defined distinction in its prima facie order
sedimentation rather than a marine sequence. initiating a probe against MakeMyTrip by defining
the ‘relevant market’ in its case as “the market for
EXERCISE - 3 online intermediation services for booking of hotels
Q.10-13. Read the passage carefully and answer the in India". This case is still under consideration.
questions based on it. Following the MakeMyTrip case, the CCI has
considered ‘relevant markets’ for certain online-only
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players in several cases related to digital markets. and proportionate, so that the digital sector gets
For instance, it has defined the relevant market for space for growth while safeguarding the interests of
(a) Google as “the market for Online General Web competition and consumers.
Search Services in India and the market for Online Q.10. Point out the fact(s) that clearly indicate the
Search Advertising Services in India", for (b) regions where the relevant market test failed to
WhatsApp as “the market for Over-The-Top (OTT) prove its worth.
messaging apps through smartphones in India" and
(1) Who/what qualified the relevant market test
for (c) Apple as “the market for app stores for iOS
and who/what not, is still not known.
in India". Subsequent orders of the CCI in cases
where arguments were made that offline products or (2) The orders of the CCI are still ambiguous and
services could be substitutable with online products vague.
or services did not clearly apply the Relevant Market (3) The services provided by online markets is
Test, and did not clarify whether all products and trust worthy or not, is still not known.
services that could be considered interchangeable (4) It is not clear whether online products are
by consumers were considered while arriving at a interchangeable with offline ones.
‘relevant market’ definition.
(5) None of the above
Given the pace at which the digital sector is
Q.11. As per the passage, enlist the prerequisite(s)
expanding in India, and the emergence of several
needed to define a relevant market
issues prompted by this growth, it is essential that
the CCI carefully consider the question of ‘relevant A. The physical characteristics or end use of goods
market’, and more particularly, the question of B. The criteria to meet the international standards
whether the online and offline distribution segments C. The prices of goods or services
of such a market are substitutable in each case and D. The preferences of consumers
industry. Prima facie analysis of the ‘relevant market’
would result in a more efficient and streamlined E. The regulatory trade barriers and local
process of investigation. A ‘one-size-fits-all’ specification requirements
approach to this question will prove unsatisfactory, (1) A, B and C (2) Both B & D
given the large variation in business models today (3) All except B (4) Both C & E
and the significant number of businesses that have (5) B, C and D
add-on ‘online’ delivery channels. Accordingly, the
CCI should define a ‘relevant market’ in the digital Q.12. Pick out the instance(s) that underscore the fact
sector by taking into consideration all substitutable that there have been repercussions regarding
and interchangeable products or services for each the topic that ‘online platforms must be held
industry, including what’s available offline. responsible for what they do’.
One way to address concerns in various quarters A. The online platforms are wary of what is about
would be to conduct market surveys to explore to come.
consumer preferences, habits and dependence on B. The CCI has been setup lately which will soon
digital platforms, on a case-to-case basis. While the start working on it.
CCI has undertaken a few market studies, it needs C. Investigations have been initiated by the CCI
to reach out to consumers on a wider scale and not recently.
limit its analysis to secondary studies or surveys. D. Customers are now more drawn to find what
Such an approach may seem rather costly and happens inside the firms.
time-consuming. However, given the magnitude
(1) Both A and D (2) Both B and C
of consequences that could arise from the question
of ‘relevant market’, each industry and sector must (3) A, B and D (4) Only C
be given due consideration. India’s digital sector (5) Both B and C
needs proper market assessment and, in some cases, Q.13. On which basis the CCI views online and offline
correction. For this, a consistent approach that’s segments as different channels of distribution
inclusive of all stakeholders, including the consumer, and not different relevant markets?
would ensure that the country’s digital story does not
A. Buyers tend to compare both online and offline
face overregulation or other unwarranted hindrances.
options before making purchase decisions.
In summary, it is imperative that the CCI’s approach
in digital markets is well considered, consistent B. Two segments differ in terms of discounts and
the shopping experience.
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C. The relevance of markets changes as per of that is to substitute the new rule for the old at a
consumer preferences. single stroke, and to exchange the amount of good
D. The varying/changing prices may influence realized under the present system, and its large
consumers to switch from offline to online and possibilities for a plunge without any preparation
vice versa into the most extreme form of the problem of
carrying on the whole round of the operations of
(1) Only A (2) Both A & C
social life without the motive power which has
(3) A, B and D (4) Both C & D always hitherto worked the social machinery.
(5) Only B (4) It must be acknowledged that those who would
EXERCISE - 4 play this game on the strength of their own private
Q.14-18. In each of the following questions, a statement opinion, unconfirmed as yet by any experimental
has been given which is the central idea of verification-who would forcibly deprive all who
one of the passages given below. Choose the have now a comfortable physical existence of
corresponding passage. their only present means of preserving it, and
would brave the frightful bloodshed and misery
Q.14. Statement: Relying solely on instinct, would that would ensue if the attempt was resisted-must
forcefully bereave those who are content about have a serene confidence in their own wisdom on
their current state of preservation. one hand and the recklessness of other peoples’
(1) Among those who call themselves socialists, suffering on the other, of which, Roberspierre
two kinds of persons may be distinguished. They and St. Just, were hitherto the typical instances,
are, in the first place, those who plan for a new scarcely came up to.
order of society, in which private and individual (5) None of the above.
competition are to be superseded and other motives
to action substituted, are on the scale of a village Q.15. Statement: Any action becomes more effective
community of township, and would be applied and holds the chance of success, if a proper
to an entire country by the multiplication of such functional strategy is applied behind it.
self-acting units; of this character are the systems (1) Of the several features or the Toyota Production
of Owen, of Fourier, and the more thoughtful and System that have been widely studied, most
philosophic socialists generally. important is the mode of governance of the shop-
(2) The other class, which is more a product of floor at Toyota. Work and inter-relations between
the continent than of Great Britain and may be workers are highly scripted in extremely detailed
called the revolutionary socialists, has people ‘operating procedures’ that have to be followed
who propose to themselves a much bolder rigidly, without any deviation at Toyota. Despite
stroke. Their scheme is the management of the such rule-bound rigidity, however, Toyota does not
whole productive resources of the country by become a ‘command-control system’. It is able to
one central authority, the general government. retain the character of a learning organization.
And with this view some of them avow as their (2) In fact, many observers characterize it as a
purpose that the working classes, or somebody community of scientists carrying out several small
on their behalf, should take possession of all the experiments simultaneously. The design of the
property of the country, and administer it for operating procedure is the key. Every principle
the general benefit. must find an expression in the operating procedure
(3) Whatever may be the difficulties of the first – that is how it has an effect in the domain of
of these two forms of socialism, the second may action. Workers on the shop-floor, often in teams,
evidently involve the same difficulties and many design the ‘operating procedure’ jointly with the
more. The former, too has the great advantage that supervisor through a series of hypothesis that
it can be brought into operation progressively, and are proposed and validated or refuted through
can prove its capabilities by trial. It can be tried experiments in action.
first on a select population and extended to the (3) The rigid and detailed ‘operating procedure’
rest as their education and cultivation permit. It specification throws up problems of the very
need not, and the natural order of things would minute kind: while its resolution leads to a
not, become an engine of subversion until it has refraining of the procedure and specifications.
shown itself capable of being also a mean of This inter-temporal change (or flexibility) of the
reconstruction. It is not so with the other: the aim specification (or operating procedure) is done at

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the lowest level of the organization; i.e. closest to monotonous repetition of a sort of litany of robot
the site of action. functions: machine tool loading and unloading,
(4) One implication of this arrangement is that spot welding, paint spraying and parts transfer
system design can no longer be rationally optimal being the commonest.
and standardized across the organization. It is (4) Whatever its task, a robot is dependent
quite common to find different work norms in for its effectiveness upon a whole supporting
contiguous assembly lines, because each might cast of automated machines. Everything must
have faced a different set of problems and devised be presented to it in consistent positions and
different counter measures to tackle it. Design of the orientations; it can only operate in a world of
coordinating process that essentially imposes the guaranteed predictability. Indeed, to consider
discipline that is required in large scale complex robots in isolation from automation, in general, is
manufacturing systems is therefore customized rather like studying an ant which has been removed
to variations in man-machine context of the site from an anthill – an ingenious but purposeless
of action. It evolves through numerous points of curiosity. The need to provide an automated
negotiation throughout the organization. environment has so far restricted robot use to
(5) None of the above. large scale industry businesses such as specialist
machine shops, producing small batches of many
Q.16. Statement: Robots, being superior to human
different items have little incentive to set up the
beings are not capable of doing until a proper and
paraphernalia of conveyors, jigs and electronic
systematic guideline is issued to it.
communication, which a robot requires.
(1) The contemporary industrial robot, in the eyes
(5) None of the above
of politicians and others, may wear the halo of high
technology, but it came into being to meet a rather Q.17. Statement: Irrespective of what you have
mundane need. In the booming labour market been thinking till the moment you decide to
the early 1960s, it became increasingly difficult act unethically, what matters at the end is the
to find people willing to do boring, repetitive execution.
and unpleasant jobs. What was needed was not (1) The person who, with inner conviction,
a machine which could master elaborate human loathes stealing, killing, and assault, may find
skills, but one which could provide the mindless himself performing these acts with relative ease
lumpen proletariat demanded by mass production. when commanded by authority. Behavior that is
What had to be learnt, and proved well within unthinkable in an individual who is acting of his
the robot’s capacity, were sequences of precise own volition may be executed without hesitation
movement of the arm and hand. when carried out under orders. An act carried
(2) Such sequences were relatively easily out under command is, psychologically, of a
programmed into a computer memory, profoundly different character than spontaneous
especially after the advent of the microprocessor action.
freed robots from their dependence on the (2) The important task, from the standpoint of a
mainframe computers of the 1960s. But psychological study of obedience, is to be able to
however impressive, even uncanny, a robot take conceptions of authority and translate them
may appear to the layman as it repeats a series into personal experience.
of movements with flawless precision, it is, in It is one thing to talk in abstract terms
fact, operating blindly and by rote. Repetitive about the respective rights of the individual and
manipulation is, of course, a skill common to many of authority; it is quite another to examine a moral
machines: what differentiates the robot is that it choice in a real situation. We all know about the
makes use of an articulated arm analogous to the philosophic problems of freedom and authority.
human limb and that it can be reprogrammed to But in every case where the problem is not merely
perform a whole variety of tasks without the need academic there is a real person who must obey or
to redesign, or adjust its mechanical components. disobey authority.
(3) There are however, a limited range of All musing prior to this moment is mere speculation,
applications, in which manipulator arm, operating and all acts of disobedience are characterized by such a
blindly and without intelligence, is useful. moment of decisive action.
Looking through manufacturers’ catalogues one is
(3) When we move to the laboratory, the problem
struck not by the machine’s versatility but by the
narrows: if an experimenter tells a subject to act with

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increasing severity against another person, under In the fisticuffs between the protagonists of good
what conditions will the subject comply, and under and evil, no psychological problems are involved
what conditions will he disobey? The laboratory or, at any rate, none are depicted in juvenile
problem is vivid, intense, and real. It is not something representations of conflict.
apart from life, but carries to an extreme and very (5) None of the above
logical conclusion certain trends inherent in the
ordinary functioning of the social world. EXERCISE - 5
(4) The question arises as to whether there is any Q.19-22. Read each of the paragraphs carefully and
connection between what we have studied in the answer the question that follows.
laboratory and the forms of obedience we have so Q.19. Post-poll associations between parties, shaped
often deplored throughout history. The differences as they are by intractable realities, and are easier
in the two situations are, of course, enormous, to form than pre-poll associations that have to
yet the difference in scale, numbers, and political reconcile competing expectations of the prospective
context may be relatively unimportant as long as partners. Soon after the results of the Assembly
certain essential features are retained. elections were out, the Bahujan Samaj Party, which
(5) None of the above. had played hard-to-get with the Congress in pre-
election alliance talks, announced its support to the
Q.18. Statement: One achieves something or reaches
party in both Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan.
to the point in one's life according to the acts
performed and decisions taken by one. As per your understanding, choose the option
which is reflecting the kind of writing style of
(1) A game of strategy, as currently conceived in
the paragraph.
game theory, is a situation in which two or more
“players” make choices among available alternatives (1) Political (2) Commentary
(moves). The totality of choices determines the (3) Explanatory (4) Excruciating
outcomes of the game, and it is assumed that the rank (5) None of the above
order of preferences for the outcomes is different for Q.20. The Reserve Bank of India Governor has mentioned
different players. Thus the “interests” of the players personal reasons behind his resignation with
are generally in conflict. Whether these interests immediate effect, but anyone who has followed
are diametrically opposed or only partially opposed the events of the last couple of months will know
depends on the type of game. it was anything but that. It was a period during
(2) Psychologically, most interesting situations which the Centre and the RBI were engaged in
arise when the interests of the players are partly an unseemly tussle over a clutch of issues that
coincident and partly opposed, because then one can had a bearing on the RBI’s autonomy, something
postulate not only a conflict among the players but that the governor had sought to preserve.
also inner conflicts within the players. Each is torn Which of the following can be said about
between a tendency to cooperate, so as to promote Governor’s character from the given passage?
the common interests, and a tendency to compete,
(1) Autocratic (2) Synthetic
so as to enhance his own individual interests.
(3) Apathetic (4) Functional
(3) Internal conflicts are always psychologically
interesting. What we vaguely call “interesting” (5) Can’t be decided
psychology is in very great measure the psychology Q.21. British Prime Minister Theresa May has survived
of inner conflict. Inner conflict is also held to a trust vote on her Conservative party stewardship.
be an important component of serious literature But there is little sign that the bitter infighting
as distinguished from less serious genres. The within the ruling party will abate. Nor is there
classical tragedy, as well as the serious novel any assurance that Parliament will back her
reveals the inner conflict of central figures. government’s controversial Brexit deal with the
(4) The superficial adventure story on the other European Union.
hand, depicts only external conflict; that is, the Choose the option that explains the journey
threats to the person with whom the reader (or ahead for the British Prime Minister Theresa
viewer) identifies stem in these stories exclusively May in the Brexit front?
from external obstacles and from the adversaries (1) Rambunctious (2) Restrained
who create them. On the most primitive level this (3) Laudatory (4) Irksome
sort of external conflict is psychologically empty.
(5) None of the above
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Q.22. Mahindra Rajapaksa’s decision to resign as Prime business climate, rising global competitiveness,
Minister, an office to which he was controversially and economic influence.
installed by President Maithripala Sirisena, is A. FDI is the only key driver that can improve the
the first sign that the dragging constitutional deficit balance of payment in India.
crisis in Sri Lanka is heading slowly towards a B. FDI adversely impacts the socio-political,
resolution. financial, and economic development of India.
The ongoing situation in Sri Lanka can be C. FDI is responsible for strategic collaborations
determined as which of the following terms? and increases cross-border mergers and cquisitions.
(1) Presbyopic (2) Biased
(1) Only A (2) Only B
(3) Optimistic (4) Careless
(3) Only C (4) Both A and C
(5) None of the above
(5) None of the above
EXERCISE - 6 Q.25. One of the key trends in technology is miniaturization.
Q.23-26. In each of the following questions, a short Some 50-60 years ago, computers used to be
passage has been given. Choose the option(s) room-sized. Then they turned into desktops, then
which has/have correctly been derived from the laptops, and now we carry supercomputers in the
passage and mark your answer accordingly. form of smartphones. Everything is shrinking.
Q.23. The Indian Pharmaceuticals industry plays a Earphones have shrunk. Watches have shrunk.
prominent role in the global pharmaceuticals Fitness trackers have shrunk. And so on goes the
industry. India ranks 3rd worldwide for production march of technology. It is so powerful that it shapes
by volume and 14th by value. The nation is the largest our thinking and our way of life within no time.
provider of generic medicines globally, Technology innovation has brought benediction as
occupying a 20% share in global supply by well as condemnation to mankind.
volume, and is the leading vaccine manufacturer A. Man has developed technology but now at some
globally. India also has the highest number steps it is seen that he himself is regulated by it.
of US-FDA-compliant Pharma plants outside B. Technology is no less than blessings for us but
of the USA and is home to more than 3,000 depending upon the way we are utilizing it, it can
pharma companies with a strong network of quickly turn into curse.
over 10,500 manufacturing facilities as well as
a highly-skilled resource pool. C. Miniature forms of inventions are nothing but a
blight to the human-kind.
A. India is a major importer of Pharmaceuticals,
with over 200+ countries serving Indian pharma (1) Only A (2) Both A and B
companies. (3) Both A and C (4) Only C
B. India is a major exporter of Pharmaceuticals (5) None of the above
and in the field of Vaccine production it holds a Q.26. ‘Freebies’ are not a new concept; rather, it is
superior place. inveterate in Indian politics as a way of life. The
C. The Indian pharma industry witnessed an political parties are constantly competing with one
exponential gush in the current fiscal year. another to offer the best freebies to entice Indian
(1) Only A (2) Only B voters into the world of failed economic policies.
Indian politicians promise everything to win
(3) Both A and C (4) Both B and C
over potential voters, from free water to free
(5) None of the above smartphones. As the “traditional free water and
Q.24. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), in addition to electricity” are no longer sufficient as election
being a key driver of economic growth, has been gifts, this trend has gained more traction recently
a significant non-debt financial resource for India's as political parties have become more creative in
economic development. Foreign corporations their offerings.
invest in India to benefit from the country's A. Freebies have got a boost due to an effective
particular investment privileges such as tax breaks economic framework for the general public.
and comparatively lower salaries. This helps
India develop technological know-how and create B. Freebies amount to a deceitful practice that is
jobs as well as other benefits. These investments comparable to offering bribes to voters.
have been coming into India because of the C. Offering the lucrative is unlikely to change as
government's supportive policy framework, vibrant part of socialism.

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(1) Only A (2) Only C D. The indispensable role and challenges of
(3) Both A and B (4) Both B and C teachers who were offering educational and non-
(5) None of the above educational support to school students across
India have drawn the attention of people when the
EXERCISE - 7 pandemic was disturbing all.
Q.27-30. In each of the following questions, a sentence (1) Only A (2) Both B and C
followed by four other sentences has been
(3) A, C and D (4) A, B and D
given. Out of these, choose the one(s) meaning
of which is similar to that of the given sentence. (5) Both A and B
Q.27. Shifting gears with changing consumer preferences, Q.29. There are some goals which can be achieved
the global automotive industry is racing into by smaller countries but sometimes they find it
a future of electric vehicles (EVs), connected difficult to embark upon certain big technological
cars, sensors and new business models like plans even if they have the funds, because the size
mobility-as-a-service. of the domestic market is too small.
A. The global automotive industry is pacing A. Sometimes, despite having smaller goals and
towards a future of electric vehicles (EVs), funds, smaller countries find it difficult to embark
connected cars, sensors and new business models upon certain big technological plans because of
like mobility-as-a-service as per the changing the tiny size of the domestic market.
consumer likes and dislikes. B. Despite having funds, the small size of the
B. Despite continual change in consumer domestic markets is not letting smaller countries
preferences, the global automotive industry is ready who have some achievable goals begin with some
for the future of electric vehicles (EVs), connected big technological plans.
cars, sensors and business models different C. Since the size of the domestic market is too
from mobility-as-a-service. small, smaller countries find it difficult to embark
C. Electric vehicles (EVs), connected cars, upon certain big technological plans even if they
sensors and new business models like mobility- have the funds for some achievable goals.
as-a-service, owing to the consumers’ preference D. Smaller countries have some goals which
are becoming the area towards which the global can be achieved by them but sometimes, in spite
automotive industry is moving on. of availability of funds, they find it difficult to
D. Electric vehicles (EVs), connected cars, sensors culminate certain big technological plans because
and new business models like mobility-as-a-service of the tiny size of the domestic market.
are shifting gears with the thriving global automotive (1) Only A (2) Both B and D
industry as per changing consumer preferences.
(3) A, C and D (4) A, B and D
(1) Only A (2) Both B and C
(5) Both A and C
(3) A, C and D (4) A, B and D
Q.30. A majority of consumers across demographics
(5) Both A and C
and geographies are reimagining their values and
Q.28. Pandemic disruptions drew attention to the basing purchasing decisions on factors beyond
indispensable role and challenges of teachers, who price and quality, post the pandemic, according to
were offering educational and non-educational Accenture’s 16th annual research report.
support to school students across India.
A. According to Accenture’s 16th annual research
A. How school students throughout India were report, post the pandemic, irrespective of the
getting all kinds of support from the teachers and demographics and geographies, most of the
the fact that their role is vital, brought into light by consumers are reimagining their values and deciding
the disruptions caused by the pandemic. what to buy thinking of factors beyond price and
B. The attention of all towards the value of quality.
indispensable role and challenges of teachers
B. Post the pandemic, most of the consumers are
offering educational and non-educational support to
reimagining their values and reassessing their
students had been pulled by Pandemic disruptions.
purchasing decisions on factors beyond price
C. The fact that the teachers have a pivotal role and quality, with regard to the demographics and
came to light when they drew our attention towards geographies, according to Accenture’s 16th annual
educational and non-educational support given to research report.
students across India during pandemic.
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C. According to Accenture’s 16th annual research and basing purchasing decisions on factors
report, prior to the pandemic, a majority of restraining to price and quality, post the pandemic,
consumers across demographics and geographies according to Accenture’s 16th annual research report.
are reimagining their values and basing purchasing (1) Only A (2) Both B and C
decisions on factors beyond price and quality.
(3) A, C and D (4) A, B and D
D. A majority of consumers across geographies
(5) Both A and C
and demographics are reimagining their values
eXPLANATION LEVEL - 2
Q.16.(4) If we read paragraph 4 (initial 4-5 lines), we will
EXERCISE 1
understand that the conveyed statement is inferred
Q.1.(3) By understanding the last paragraph, we can judge from it.
the answer.
Q.17.(2) From the second paragraph, the given central idea is
Q.2.(3) By understanding the second paragraph, we can
inferred. By read the last few lines of the paragraph,
judge the answer.
it would be clear.
Q.3.(5) By understanding the whole paragraph, we can infer
Q.18.(1) From the line (The totality of choices determines
the answer.
the outcomes of the game, and it is assumed
Q.4.(1) By understanding the whole paragraph, we can infer
that the rank order of preferences for the
the answer.
outcomes is different for different players.) the
Q.5.(5) From the very first paragraph, the answer is clear. statement given as central idea is inferred.
EXERCISE 2 EXERCISE 5
Q.6.(5) The answer can be inferred from the reading the last
Q.19.(3) The passage can be decided to be of an explanatory
few lines of the first paragraph.
style because the former part is a theory and the
Q.7.(1) If we read the passage, we come to know about the
latter part is the example of that, accordingly,
first and second method, in para 2 and 3 respectively,
among the given options, only option 3 would be the
so accordingly to continue the passage ahead we
correct choice since other options are irrelevant in
need the third method.
the context of the given passage.
Q.8.(2) The answer can be inferred from the second
Q.20.(5) According to the given passage, it is clear that the
paragraph.
governor resigned from the post due to the fact that
Q.9.(4) The answer can be extracted from the line: Third,
he had to fight for the autonomy of the Reserve Bank
at least some of the material must have retained
of India. It had become difficult for him to continue
the signal unaffected by subsequent changes in the
keeping the autonomy of the organization intact. It
environment.
may be said that he had a lot of self-respect for himself.
EXERCISE 3
Nothing additionally can be inferred from the
Q.10.(4) The answer can be inferred from the end of the third
passage, so we can’t say anything about the
paragraph.
governor’s character through the passage.
Q.11.(3) The answer can be inferred from the end of the first
Q.21.(1) Correct Option: 1
paragraph.
Q.12.(4) The answer can be inferred from the first From the passage, it is clear that British Prime
paragraph. Minister Theresa May is going to face a very hard
time ahead regarding the implementation of the Brexit
Q.13.(3) The answer can be inferred from the second
deal in the country. It is also not clear if her own
paragraph.
party will support her regarding this bill. Accordingly,
EXERCISE 4 rambunctious refers to informal. boisterous; unruly ;
Q.14.(4) From Paragraph 4, we can derive the given wild, and that is why it is the correct choice.
statement.
Q.22.(3) Correct Option: 3
Q.15.(2) From the line (The design of the operating
procedure is the key. Every principle must find It is obvious from the given passage that the author
an expression in the operating procedure – that is positive about the fact that the political crisis
is how it has an effect in the domain of action.) prevailing in Sri Lanka is going to end soon. This is
In Paragraph 2, we can derive the given a sign of being hopeful about the future of Sri Lanka
statement. regarding its politics.

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Statement C: It is also going well with the passage
EXERCISE 6
and is correct because it elucidates the fact that the
Q.23.(2) Statement A: India’s pharma sector has become one
political parties are offering gifts to the public to
of the biggest exporters of medicines worldwide,
get the victory that is being used for ages in India
accounting for ~60% of global vaccine demand.
This statement is therefore incorrect because where the demand of the public is utilized merely to
it says India is the importer of pharmaceuticals. win the chair and is likely to be unchanged.
Statement B: It is correct because in the passage EXERCISE 7
‘largest provider of generic medicines globally’ Q.27.(5) Both the sentences A and C convey the same
and ‘the leading vaccine manufacturer globally’ are meaning as the given sentence that ‘the global
mentioned. automotive industry is inculcating changes with
Statement C: It is also incorrect because nowhere changing consumer preferences ad moving
in the passage, anything related to India’s growth towards EVs, connected cars and similar businesses’.
in current year is mentioned. Sentence B uses ‘despite (used to show contradiction
Q.24.(3) Statement A: FDI is one of the key drivers, not the which is absent here)’ and mentions ‘new
only pivotal source responsible for improving the business models are different from mobility-as-
deficit balance of payment of the Indian economy. a-service’ which isn’t conveyed in the sentence.
Therefore, statement A is inapt as per the context Sentence D coveys that ‘Electric vehicles (EVs),
of the passage. connected cars, etc. are shifting gears’ whereas the
Statement B: FDI positively impacts the social, opposite has been mentioned in the original sentence.
political, financial, and economic progress of a nation
Q.28.(5) Sentences A and B convey the same meaning
through a healthy exchange of technology, forming
as the given sentence that ‘the disturbances of
consortiums, and investments bringing employment,
and ultimately improvement in the country’s GDP. the pandemic have brought focus to the vital
Therefore, this statement is opposite to the passage. role of teachers who were offering all kinds
of support to school students across India.’
Statement C: FDI – Foreign Direct Investment brings
technology transfer, collaboration, amalgamation, Sentence C mentions that the teachers have
and joint ventures, and these investments boost drawn the attention, while in the main sentence
enterprises, especially start-ups to grow and promote ‘pandemic disruptions ‘have drawn the attention.
their business globally. Therefore, Statement C is Sentence D mentions that the indispensable role
apposite as per the context of the passage. and challenges of teachers have drawn the attention,
Q.25.(2) Statement A: It is correct as per the context of the while in the main sentence ‘pandemic disruptions
passage because man has created the technology but ‘have drawn the attention.
now technology is controlling the thought process Q.29.(2) Both sentences B and D convey the same meaning
of man. Man is getting enslaved by technology. as the given sentence that ‘Smaller countries have
Statement B: It is correct as per the context of the some goals which can be achieved by them but
passage because it says that ‘Technology innovation sometimes the tiny size of the domestic market
has brought benediction as well as condemnation to obstructs their big technological plans.
mankind.’
Sentence A conveys that smaller countries
Statement C: It is inapt as per the context of passage have smaller goals, which is not appropriate.
because the miniaturization has made things easier Sentence C is saying that smaller countries have
whether it is the invention of the laptop or smart
funds for some achievable goals, which has not
watch which is beneficial.
been said in the main sentence.
Q.26.(4) Statement A: It is incorrect as per the context of the
Q.30.(1) Sentence A and the original sentence mean the same
passage and completely contrasting. Poor economic
policies are one of the greatest driving forces that that ‘after the pandemic, people are reimagining
boost freebies. their values and rethinking about their purchasing
decisions’.
Statement B: It is apt and conforms to the passage.
Freebies make the election process unfair as per the Sentence B, C and D are conveying different
context of the passage. meaning, if read and understood carefully.
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PREVIOUS YEAR PAPER QUESTIONS

(BASED ON MEMORY)
Q.1-6. Read the following passage carefully and answer duty to end practices that lead to the wastage of
the questions given below it. electricity and water. It is the citizen’s right to get
(SBI CLERK PRE 2019) clean streets, but it is the individual’s duty to stop
throwing garbage on roads, and put the trash into the
The traditions and temperament of Indian thought
right bins or dispose it in a proper manner. Citizens
through the ages laid greater emphasis on duties.
are entitled to get better health and healthcare
Swami Vivekananda even termed “devotion to
facilities, but it is the duty of individuals to act
duty” as the highest form of worship of God. The
towards swachhta and vaccination. It is indeed the
Constitution of India, originally, did not contain the
right of the people to get a pollution-free atmosphere
aspect of fundamental duties for citizens. However,
and a natural calamity-free ecosystem. But for that
during discussions on the draft Constitution and
to happen, voluntary citizen service is required
fundamental rights therein, in the constituent
for planting trees, reforesting wasteland, cleaning
assembly, few members had raised their voices
rivers, protecting forest cover, and population control
in favour of citizens’ duties towards the nation. A
measures, along with requisite governmental efforts.
member of the Constituent Assembly representing
West Bengal during the discussion on the draft India is the largest democracy of the world. Citizens
constitution on November 18, 1949, had said: “I wish have the right to vote, but casting that vote is their
along with fundamental rights there were certain duty. Citizens are certainly entitled to get better
fundamental duties also. If we think more of our civic facilities for easier daily living, but their
duties than of our rights, a lot of our difficulties will responsibility also includes timely payment of taxes
be over and the rights will take care of themselves for the welfare of the nation.
and there will be no occasion to feel any difficulty It is imperative for citizens to strive for a perfect
for want of those rights”. balance between their rights and duties in order to
Earth has limited natural resources. The 20th century achieve local and national development goals. Unless
witnessed large-scale developmental activities we promote the culture of duty and responsibility,
and progressive changes such as industrialization the aims and objectives enshrined in the Preamble
and infrastructure building. It saw the use of other cannot be truly achieved in letter and spirit. Any
improved methods for production through the step towards a “duty-bound lifestyle” in our daily
massive use of natural resources — reflecting the lives — be it at home, the workplace or public spaces
self-centered approach of mankind. The fact is that will be a humble tribute to the founding fathers of
with such exploitation of nature, concerns related the Indian Constitution.
to duties towards future generations were largely Q.1. Which of the following statements is/are related
ignored. to the virtuous duty of citizens, as mentioned in
While governments, institutions and civil societies the passage?
work for citizen’s rights, inherent duties remain A. Citizens should not search for discrepancies in
crucial for individuals in order to ensure the rules and laws according to their convenience.
efficacy of the system at large. However, in practice, B. Citizens should be aware of and responsive to
everywhere — schools, homes, workplaces, or at the their work commitment.
courts — “rights” have taken up more space than
C. Citizens deserve the “pollution- free atmosphere”
“duties”, when actually they are the two sides of the
and to achieve it more and more trees should be
same coin. It is the moral duty of citizens to introduce
planted.
and enhance a positive “work consciousness” and
reject the tendency to find loopholes in rules and (1) Only A (2) Only B (3) Only C
laws in order to suit convenience. (4) Both A and C (5)Both B and C
Citizens need to fulfil their duties and obey laws Q.2. Which of the following statements is/are TRUE
too. For instance, citizens have the right to get better in the context of the twentieth century?
roads, infrastructure and better traveling facilities. (1) Industrialization was termed as a comprehensive
But following traffic rules is their duty. Having evolution activity.
basic household amenities like electricity and clean
(2) Natural resources were tremendously used in
tap water are citizens’ rights. However, it is their
rural areas.
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(3) The building of infrastructure was observed as reflected in the month-on-month increase in the WPI
one of the accelerating changes. has been near or well above double-digit levels. The
(4) Both (1) and (3) figures for May put inflation at 10.2 per cent over the
(5) All of the above. year. Secondly, the current inflation is particularly
sharp in the case of some essential commodities, as a
Q.3. Which of the following statements is/are NOT
result of which the prices of food articles as a group
TRUE in the context of the passage?
have risen by 16.5 per cent and of food-grain by
A. In order to achieve global development goals, close to 10 per cent. Finally, there are clear signs that
citizens are advised to maintain a balance between what was largely an inflation in food prices is now
their rights and duties. more generalized, with fuel prices rising by 13 per
B. It is the right of the citizens to get better travel cent and manufactured goods prices by 6-7 per cent.
facilities. The government’s response is that while this is a
C. The sole object of the preamble can be easily matter for concern, the trend is likely to reverse itself
attained by intending it. with the onset of the monsoon. To the extent that any
(1) Only A (2) Only B (3) Only C policy response is being spoken of, the reference
is mainly to a tightening of credit and an increase
(4) Both A and C (5) Both B and C
in interest rates by the Reserve Bank of India. This
Q.4. According to the passage, any step towards a ignores important structural influences on the pace of
duty-bound lifestyle in our daily lives will be- price increase in the current conjuncture. One is the
(A) A stepping stone to move to a new position for long-term neglect of agriculture, which has affected
the nation’s welfare. the level and pattern of agricultural production to an
(B) An act intended to show admiration to the father extent where supply-side constraints are leading to
of the Indian Constitution. inflation every time growth picks up. The sudden and
(C) A statement related to cultural promotion of duty sharp hike in the support prices for pulses announced
and responsibility. recently is an acknowledgement of this problem by the
(1) Only A (2) Only B (3) Only C government. However, given the likely lag in output
responses, the immediate fallout of that price increase
(4) Both A and B (5) All of the above
could be an aggravation of inflationary trends. A second
Q.5. According to the passage, citizens have the right structural influence is the effect the policy of reducing
to get which of the following? subsidies, raising administered prices, and dismantling
(A) Disposing off trash into the right bin and in a price controls has on the costs of production. Even
proper manner. when inflation is ruling high, the government is
(B) Better facilities in their areas for a facile living. contemplating deregulation of the pricing of universal
(C) Paying heed to matters related with the welfare intermediates such as petroleum products. Finally,
of society. inflation is high and persistent, despite expectations
of a normal or good monsoon, because the decision
(1) Only A (2) Only B (3) Only C
to give private trade a greater role in the markets for
(4) Both A and B (5) Both B and C essentials has provided the basis for a new bout of
Q.6. Initially, which of the following aspects was/were speculation, which the government seems unable or
absent from the Indian Constitution? unwilling to control. It is to corrections in these areas
(A) The aspect of rudimentary duties for citizens. that it must turn when looking for a solution to the
(B) The aspect of cultural duties for citizens. inflation problem — rather than merely look for relief
(C) The aspect of religious duties for citizens. from monetary policy adjustments.
(1) Only A (2) Only B (3) Only C Q.7. Which of the following is up to the minute outlook
of the government regarding inflation?
(4) Both A and B (5) All of the above
Q.7-11. Read the following passage carefully and answer (1) Measures to tackle inflation have been proposed.
the questions given below it. (2) Indifference has been avoided so as to find a
(SBI PO PRE 2019) solution.
Inflation is spoiling the government’s celebration of (3) The credit facility is being reduced.
India’s quick recovery from the effects of the global (4) There’s a discussion that no subsidy would be
crisis. The Wholesale Price Index (WPI) figures for given from now on.
May point to three worrying trends. First, for the fifth (5) Not mentioned in the passage.
month now, the aggregate annual rate of inflation as
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Q.8. Select the tone of the passage? the 255 districts having critical and over-exploited
(1) Commiserating (2) Humanistic groundwater levels. This campaign, however, was
not intended to be a funding programme and did
(3) Analytical (4) Critical
not create any new intervention on its own. It only
(5) Apologetic aimed to make water conservation a ‘people’s
Q.9. With reference to the passage, due to which of the movement’ through ongoing schemes like the
following factors is India’s merrymaking being MGNREGA and other government programmes.
hindered? The JSA is partly modelled and driven by some
(A) Inflation sporadic success stories such as NGO Tarun Bharat
Sangh’s experiment in Alwar, Rajasthan and Anna
(B) The Wholesale Price Index
Hazare-led efforts in Ralegan Siddhi, Maharashtra.
(C) Food-grain These projects primarily involved building tanks and
(D) Monetary policy ponds to capture rainwater and building recharge
(1) All A, B, C and D (2) All A, B, and C wells to recharge groundwater. However, it is unclear
(3) Only A (4) Only B whether they were based on reference to watershed
management or groundwater prospect maps.
(5) Only D
Water planning should be based on hydrological
Q.10. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE, units, namely river basins. And, political and
according to the passage? administrative boundaries of districts rarely
(A) There has been an abrupt and steep decline in coincide with the hydrological boundaries or aquifer
the price of pulses recently. boundaries. However, contrary to this principle of
(B) Several factors are there which affect the cost of water management, JSA was planned based on the
production of a commodity. boundary of the districts, and to be carried out under
(C) Certain statistics put inflation at more than ten the overall supervision of a bureaucrat. This resulted
per cent over the year. in the division of basins/aquifers into multiple units
that followed multiple policies. There was no data
(1) Only A (2) Only B on basin-wise rainfall, no analysis of run-off and
(3) Only C (4) All A, B and C groundwater maps were rarely used. As a result,
(5) Both B and C one never came to know whether water harvested
Q.11. Which of the following statements is TRUE, in a pond in a district was at the cost of water in
according to the passage? adjoining districts. The JSA also fundamentally
ignored the fact that most of India’s water-stressed
(A) With the beginning of the monsoon, the
basins, particularly those in the peninsular regions,
government has reacted that the trends are likely to
are facing closure, with the demand exceeding
reverse themselves.
supply. Hence, groundwater recharge happened at
(B) Any reference which is being made is for the cost of surface water and vice versa. This is where
stiffening the policy. an absence of autonomous and knowledge-intensive
(C) Only the financial policies must not be relied on river-basin organisations is acutely felt.
in order to meet the problem of inflation. As on date, the JSA’s portal displays impressive data,
(1) Only A (2) Only B images and statistics. For example, it claims that there
(3) Only C (4) All A, B and C are around 10 million ongoing and completed water
conservation structures; 7.6 million recharge structures.
(5) Only B and C
The website also says that one billion saplings have
Q.12-21. Read the following passage carefully and answer been planted and that six million people participated
the questions given below it. Certain words have in awareness campaigns. But, data and statistics can
been given in bold to help you locate them while deceive or lie, as claimed by one journalist in the book
answering some questions. - How to Lie with Statistics. For example, the data
(IBPS CLERK PRE 2019) displayed on JSA portal do not speak anything about
Following the massive water crisis across India the pre-JSA water levels, the monthly water levels and
in the summer of 2019, the Central government impact of monsoon on the water levels across the 255
hurriedly launched the Jal Shakti Abhiyan (JSA), districts with critical and over-exploited blocks. They
a time-bound, mission-mode water conservation also don’t convey anything about the quality of the
campaign to be carried out in two phases, across structures, their maintenance and sustainability. Even

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if the water levels had been measured, it is unknown (4) The makers of several policies have now learned
whether the measurement was accurate. Many such from the water crisis observed in summers.
queries remain unanswered and hidden behind these (5) All of the above.
data and statistics. The results for a 2016 study
Q.13. With reference to the passage, which of the
conducted by the Central Groundwater Board showed
following is/are displayed by JSA’S portal?
that water levels always increase post-monsoon.
Therefore, it will require long-term monitoring of (1) In total twenty million objects have been already
water level data to determine the actual impact of a prepared to replenish the aquifer through absorption
measure like JSA. At present, there is no such parameter of water.
to measure the outcome of such a mission-mode (2) In total, thousand million young trees have been
campaign. The rat race among districts for ranking has planted in the surrounding.
turned out to be meaningless. (3) In total, six million people were involved in the
True, the aim and intent of JSA are noble. But the environmental campaigns.
assumptions are distorted. For example, it assumes (4) The water level was found to be decreasing day
that common people in rural areas are ignorant and by day.
prone to wasting water; on the contrary, they are the
(5) Both (1) and (2)
ones who first bear the brunt of any water crisis. The
per capita water allocation to those living in rural Q.14. According to the passage, which of the following
areas is 55 litres, whereas the same for urban areas assumptions of JSA is/are not justified?
like Delhi and Bengaluru is 135-150 litres. A. Water crisis mainly affects the people residing in
Therefore, the JSA’s move to reach out to poor rural areas.
people and farmers, asking them to ‘save water’, B. The amount of water provided for usage in rural
appears hypocritical, particularly when district areas is nearly one-third of that provided in urban
administrations blatantly allow the sewage generated areas.
from towns and cities to pollute village water sources C. People residing in rural areas make use of water
such as tanks, ponds and wells. in a more responsible way as compared to others.
Moreover, it is difficult to say whether measures like (1) Only A (2) Both B and C
JSA can provide long-term solutions. Most of the (3) Both A and C (4) Only B
farm bunds built with soil can collapse within one
monsoon season due to rains and/or trespassing by (5) Only C
farm vehicles, animals and humans. Further, there are Q.15. Which of the following sources of water get/s
issues like lack of proper engineering supervision of easily polluted, according to the passage?
these structures, involvement of multiple departments A. A large storage chamber created to store water.
with less or no coordination, and limited funding B. A small body of still water formed naturally or
under MGNERGA and other schemes. Finally, there artificially.
have hardly been many efforts undertaken to dissuade
farmers from growing water-intensive crops such as C. A large natural stream of water flowing in a
paddy, sugarcane, and banana, when it is widely known channel to the sea.
that agriculture consumes 80% of freshwater. The (1) Only A (2) Both B and C
summer water crisis has not led to our policymakers (3) Both A and C (4) Only B
learning many lessons, and the country just seems to (5) All except C
have returned to a business-as-usual situation.
Q.16. According to the passage, which of the following
Q.12. Which of the following messages is/are NOT statements best describe/s the Jal Shakti Abhiyan?
conveyed by the author?
A. The project is measured and restricted by time.
(1) JSA is the only measure the solution of which
B. The project has clearly defined objectives and
lasts longer.
scope.
(2) The fact that people living in rural areas waste
C. The project focuses on water conservation and
half the amount of water for unimportant reasons is
has been divided into four phases.
proved now.
(1) Only A (2) Both B and C
(3) In India, fifty million structures are already
created to conserve water and the number is still (3) Both A and B (4) Only B
increasing. (5) All of the above

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Q.17. What was the vision behind the efforts made in Act, 2000. They are governed by rules which
the context of the success stories? continue to remain unenforced. The government was
A. Efforts were made to build tanks capable of directed by the Court to ensure that intermediaries
collecting rainwater. appoint a grievance officer. While Google and
Facebook both appointed grievance officers, they
B. Efforts were made to build a structure, by digging
were based in the US and Ireland, respectively.
to access groundwater.
How can compliance of Indian law be made through
C. Efforts were made to build a reservoir capable of an appointment in the US? Unfortunately, the
transferring water to farms. government did nothing to ensure that the grievance
(1) Only A (2) Both A and B officer of intermediaries must be located in India.
(3) Both A and C (4) Only B A report revealed that internet companies during
that period were extensively lobbying across the
(5) None of the above
developing world, including in India.
Q.18. According to the passage, which of the following
Against this backdrop, the government published
statements is TRUE in the context of the ranking
draft Intermediaries Guidelines, which would have
among the districts?
amended the Rules. The government has also been
A. Ranking turned out to be path breaking step. working on a data protection law. These are two
B. Ranking turned out to be an illogical step. separate actions, which are often, unfortunately,
C. Ranking turned out to be a mandatory step. deliberately muddled in the public discourse to
(1) Only A (2) Both A and B create confusion. Thus, this has resulted in a delay
in enacting a data protection law, despite multiple
(3) Both A and D (4) Only B assurances by the government. Intermediaries,
(5) None of the above especially social media platforms, are making
Q.19. Choose the word most OPPOSITE in meaning to billions of dollars from Indian operations. Why then
the word given in bold, as used in the passage. should they be permitted to circumvent Indian laws?
Principle Where does a user whose fake account has been
created on a social media platform go to address their
(1) Rule (2) Law (3) Belief grievance? Due to a complicated procedure and the
(4) Immorality (5) Standard companies being situated abroad, even dignitaries
Q.20. Choose the word most SIMILAR in meaning to are forced to approach the police, which is already
the word given in bold, as used in the passage. overburdened. It should also be noted that the RBI
Allocation has mandated data localization for payment systems.
(1) Allotment (2) Authority (3) Belonging Why should nodal or grievance officers not then be
based in India to ensure safety and accountability
(4) Property (5) Memory
towards users’ data? The negative impact of the
Q.21. Choose the word most SIMILAR in meaning to laissez-faire regime extended to internet companies
the word given in bold, as used in the passage. have shown their true effects in the form of
Funding interference in elections & circulation of fake news
(1) Damaging (2) Spending (3) Financing leading to mob lynching incidents. Our failure to
regulate intermediaries has also had an unintended
(4) Debt (5) Penalizing
consequence. State governments now prefer to
Q.22.-25. Read the following passage and answer the completely shut down the Internet by using policing
questions based on it. powers instead of cracking down on specific
(CRP PO PRE 2019) websites or apps.
The cyber ecosystem in India has four primary The draft rules mandate for a nodal officer with a
stakeholders—technology companies, government, registered address who may coordinate with law
judiciary, and the public. A comprehensive system enforcement agencies. Such rules are applicable to
that is beneficial and accountable to all is required. any traditional business and there is no reason why
Blue Whale, PUBG, and TikTok are only a small part intermediaries should be given undue exemptions
of a growing list of apps and games that have faced beyond the scope of Sec 79 of the IT Act. It is also a
legal action by governments and in courts with no fact that the nodal officer so appointed will constitute
material consequences. These apps are considered to a permanent establishment and the company will
be intermediaries under the Information Technology become liable for payment of taxes in India and

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various other compliances under the Companies Act, A. Maintaining law and order by banning the apps.
2013. The defence of freedom of speech raised by B. Limiting the usage of the apps.
internet companies is not only preposterous but also
C. Abandoning internet hook line and sinker.
contemptuous towards Indian law. In the WhatsApp
NSO hack, Indian users may have had a remedy and (1) Only A (2) Both B and C
sought answers if there was an Indian entity or nodal (3) Both A and B (4) Only C
officer of WhatsApp. The public has the right to take (5) Both A and C
government to court and enforce their rights. Where
Q.26-30. Read the following passage and answer the
will the public go in case of foreign entities? There
questions based on it.
must be an answer.
(LIC ASSISTANT 2019)
Q.22. With reference to the passage, when were the
companies owning apps like WhatsApp seeking Every action, as the ancient sages and later, Newton,
to influence the legislators on their issue? too discovered, has an equal and opposite reaction.
This is true in both the physical domain as well as
(1) When the RBI was mandating the localization of
life in general. Whatever action we do, incurs a
data.
reaction. Importantly, the thing to recognise here
(2) When laws were being formulated so as to ban is that an action is always in the present, but its
the apps. reaction always comes a moment, a few seconds, a
(3) When the IT act was being assessed and validated minute, some hours or even eons later, depending on
at length. the nature of the action. Hence, the result occurs in
(4) When companies were ordered to appoint a the future. When the results are immediate, the law
grievance officer. of cause and effect is clearly evident. For example,
overeating today may result in indigestion tomorrow;
(5) All except (3)
but diseases brought on by toxic lifestyles manifest
Q.23. Which of the following, as per the passage, is/are years later. Frequently, we see people working hard,
not coherent? with dedication and sincerity; despite all efforts,
A. A noteworthy fact is that the RBI has made it desired results are not obtained. The result of an
compulsory for payment systems to localize data. action is based on two factors that are in our hands:
B. It cannot be expected from companies to comply our motive and the action itself.
with Indian rules in foreign countries. If you are performing good action, with the noble
C. A substantial amount of work is being done by motive of helping someone, the result is immediate
the government on data protection law. – you feel happy and good about yourself. The
moment you have an inappropriate thought or
D. The apps are run by the rules and regulations
malicious intent and undertake the wrong action,
which have never really been imposed.
you may not get caught right away but agitation and
(1) Only A (2) Both B and C discomfort arise in the mind immediately. Motives
(3) Both C and D (4) Only D give results instantly while actions give results later.
(5) Both A and B Why do good people suffer? It appears sometimes
that virtuous actions produce adverse results. Does
Q.24. As per your reading of the passage, mention
the law of action and reaction really work then? Our
the reason behind giving unwarranted and
understanding of this law is actually very limited.
inappropriate exemptions to intermediaries.
If we say it is mere chance, and that if we could
(1) Owing to the unavailability of resources for them. somehow calculate or predict the right permutations
(2) So as to pep up their spirits to keep on working. and combinations, we would get our desired result,
(3) Due to their pivotal presence in the functioning then logically, the world would be chaos. All sciences
of the market. would fail if the law were erratic – and the latter
(4) In order to fulfill their demand of getting could not be a law, after all! While the law can
exemptions. be perceived and spoken of in the broadest terms,
no amount of mathematics or even pure science
(5) Not mentioned in the passage. can justify it in its minutiae. We can only seek to
Q.25. As per your reading of the passage, what acknowledge that the destiny we are experiencing
convenient approach(es) has/have been adopted today is the result of our past actions.
by state governments with respect to the apps There can be no effect or result without a cause, no
mentioned in the passage?
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fruit without a seed; nothing ever happens to us that A. Diseases caused by a toxic lifestyle, show up years
isn’t a consequence of some action we had done in later.
the past whether long ago or recently. So we need to B. Regardless of the hard work, desired results
accept events with greater composure and peace of remain absent.
mind. The moment we acknowledge that the cause
C. Virtual actions produce adverse results later.
was our own actions in the past, and the future is
dependent on our present actions, we are in control D. Overeating results into indigestion.
and can handle any situation effectively. We alone (1) Only A (2) Only B
are responsible for our joy and happiness. When we (3) Both A and C (4) All except C
blame somebody else for our sorrow, we become
(5) All except D
powerless and dependent. We cannot resolve the
problem until the other person changes his attitude Q.30. On the basis of your reading, what should be the
and stops ‘giving’ us unhappiness, so to speak. Once tone of the passage?
we have understood the law of action and reaction, (1) Emotional Tone. (2) Descriptive Tone.
we can own up our responsibility, find any situation (3) Critical Tone. (4) Sarcastic Tone.
easier to accept and be empowered to make a change. (5) Humorous Tone.
Life always throws up situations – the result of our
past actions – which we refer to as destiny. What you Q.31-35. Read the following passage carefully and answer
do with it, and more importantly, how you face it, is the questions given below it. Certain words have
a matter of choice. been given in bold to help you locate them while
answering some questions.
Q.26. Which of the following is/are the outcome/s of
a better understanding of the law of action and (NABARD ASSISTANT 2019)
reaction? Should the Internet be touched? That’s one way
A. People become responsible in their life. to summarise the twenty questions the Telecom
Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) has asked
B. People gather confidence to make a change. the public in a recent consultation paper. Most
C. People enhance their acceptance power. questions pertain to whether the hitherto unregulated
(1) Only A (2) Both A and B over-the-top services, typically apps such as Skype
(3) Only B (4) Both A and C and Facebook that ride on telecom networks, need
regulation. Views have also been sought regarding
(5) All of the above
net neutrality, the principle of data equality that has
Q.27. Which of the following can be considered as the over the years ensured the Internet remained a level
end result/s experienced by the person playing playing ground. TRAI will eventually take a call on
the blame game? whether India has to change its approach to Internet
A. The person becomes powerless. regulation. But isn’t the Internet perfect the way it
B. The person becomes negligent. is? Apparently not. At least that is what telecom
companies believe. After spending billions of dollars
C. The person becomes dependent.
in setting up infrastructure and bringing themselves
(1) Only A (2) Only B under regulatory scrutiny, telecom companies can’t
(3) Both A and B (4) Both A and C bear the fact that numerous applications ride on their
(5) All of the above networks for free. Some of the apps have millions
of subscribers and command valuations of billions
Q.28. Which of the following is/are the reason/s behind
of dollars. Some like Skype and WhatsApp compete
the sufferance of good people?
head on with the voice and messaging offerings
A. Good people overindulge in positive deeds. of the telcos, who to be fair also need money to
B. People around good people take them for granted. invest in building networks. Still, what’s not to be
C. Good people usually think from their heart. forgotten is that the telcos do benefit from the apps
that piggyback on them. More app usage means
(1) Only A (2) Only B
more data summed and more money inflow. Whether
(3) Only C (4) Both B and C telcos are really aggrieved or not is debatable.
(5) Not mentioned in the passage Even if they are, violating the core principle
Q.29. On the basis of your reading, which of the governing the Internet will be a disastrous way of
following instances favor/s the law of action and delivering justice. For, the licence to violate net
reaction?
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neutrality will mean telcos could now be in a position (C)- to inspire more customers towards data utility.
to ensure some sites are served faster than others. It (1) Only A (2) Only C (3) Only A and C
could also mean it becomes costlier to use certain
(4) Only A and B (5) All A, B and C
applications. Most importantly, it could endanger the
very feature of the Internet that has over the years Q.34. As per the passage, what does the author actually
made it possible for countless start-ups, right from want to unfold from this passage?
the Googles to the Flipkarts, to dream and act big. (1) if the telcos are not convincing the core principle
It’s well acknowledged that the Internet has disrupted governing the Internet will be a calamitous way of
the world of business like no other technology has delivering justice.
in recent decades. It has helped start-ups with hardly (2) for, the license to violate net neutrality will mean
any capital and clout to still make a mark. So by telcos could now be in a position to ensure some sites
rejecting net neutrality, which will enable telcos to are served faster than others.
play the gatekeeper to a valuable resource, we will be
(3) It could also mean it becomes costlier to use
shutting the door on the entrepreneurial aspirations
certain applications.
of millions. That’s because the only way for them
to compete with the big moneyed Internet players (4) it importantly could endanger the very feature of
would be to match their spends to make the Internet the Internet that has over the years made it possible
work for them. The absence of net neutrality will for countless start-ups to dream and act big.
definitely benefit the telcos while at the same time (5) All of the above.
harming the market by unleashing monopolistic Q.35. What may be the suggested title for the above
tendencies. Telcos don’t want to be dumb pipes that given passage?
agnostically transfer data. The cost of their ambition (1) Internet- a vital element
will be the loss of the Internet’s openness.
(2) Net - neutrality- a fair step
Q.31. According to the given passage, which of the
following points is/are ‘TRUE’ among the (3) Positive step of TRAI
following options. (4) The importance of net neutrality
(A) Telecom companies dislike the fact that many (5) Internet neutrality is the demand of the hour.
applications depend on their networks without any Q.36-43. Read the following passage carefully and answer
charge. the questions given below it. Certain words have
(B) If users use more apps more data will be summed been given in bold to help you locate them while
and more money will gush. answering some questions.
(C) In recent decades the world of business has been (RBI ASSISTANT 2020)
entirely disrupted by the Internet. Indian agriculture faces herculean challenges
(1) Only A (2) Only B today; yet, the near- and the medium-term outlook
(3) Only A and C (4) All A, B and C on agriculture and agri-businesses seem bright.
Growing urbanization and changing food habits,
(5) All are false malnutrition plus declining areas under foodgrain
Q.32. What impact can be seen if Net Neutrality does pose a big threat to food security. Agriculture
not have its presence? and food production are strongly influenced by
(1) It will offer a huge harm to telecom companies. international trade, credit availability, development
(2) The telecom companies will get good benefits. co-operation, climate change and environmental
degradation, as well as growing population, ever-
(3) The monopolistic proclivities will be profited.
increasing income disparity and rising social
(4) The doors for the entrepreneurial aspirations of tensions (it has been found that a 10 per cent
millions will be opened. increase in the price of cereals reduces the already
(5) Not mentioned in the passage. low consumption by the poor). Ultra intensive
Q.33. According to the passage, what was the purpose agricultural practices, uncontrolled use of chemical
of question asked in consultation paper by TRAI? fertilizers and insecticides, the unmetered flow of
irrigation water, cheap electricity and almost free
(A)- the betterment in the features and plans of
water have impressively increased agricultural
internet was intended.
productivity in the past.
(B)- to know weather some specific apps need
Nevertheless, these practices are environmentally
regulation or not.
abusive. The water in some areas have fallen to
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dangerously low levels. Perverse cropping patterns Q.37. Farmer suicides are least related to which of the
have added to these problems. Soil salinity and following reasons?
fertility are under stress. Large and small dams have A. Availability of basic amenities in rural areas only
created islands of prosperity.
B. Neglect of dry land farming
Typically, only rich farmers and in some parts of the
C. Low connectivity with the functioning markets
country, middle farmers are able to produce a surplus
and benefit from higher food prices which actually (1) Only A (2) Only B (3) Only C
hurt the poor, dryland farmers and landless peasants. (4) Only A and C (5) All of the above
Lack of rainwater harvesting has prevented us from Q.38. Choose the word which is most nearly the
bringing additional undulated, non-productive but OPPOSITE in meaning as the word printed in
cultivable wastelands under cultivation. Likewise, bold as used in the passage.
constantly diminishing forest areas lead to a rise in
Attract
temperatures, greater soil erosion, erratic rainfall
and reduced groundwater conservation. This further (1) Repel (2) Captivate (3) Lead
leads to stagnating or decreasing productivity of (4) Associate (5) Calculate
falling land resources and employment opportunities Q.39. Choose the word most SIMILAR in meaning to
in the farm sector. the word printed in bold, as used in the passage.
The low capital formation and disconnect of the Disparity
farmers with functioning markets have made (1) Equality (2) Difference (3) Transparency
farming the profession of last resort. Large-scale
migration to the cities and neglect of dryland (4) Modification (5) Contradiction
farming has resulted in farmer suicides. The Q.40. Which of the following is/are FALSE in the
Government should make its policies regarding context of the passage?
farm prices and their movement farmer-friendly. A. Cultivable wastelands can be brought under
It should also review rules, restrictions and cultivation through rainwater harvesting
regulations pertaining to agricultural commodities B. The government can create an environment for
and make them more predictable. The Government entrepreneurship by attracting private capital
should attract private capital and create a
promising environment for entrepreneurship. C. The government has taken care of Dry land, hilly
and marginal areas.
Agriculture is the largest private sector enterprise in
the country. It can meet or exceed our expectations D. Agri-businesses are expected to grow in the near
only if institutional structures and support in terms of and medium term.
technology, pricing policy framework and resource (1) Only A (2) Only C (3) Only B and C
flows from non-agricultural sectors are adequate. (4) All except D (5) All of the above
Dryland, hilly and marginal areas have received Q.41. What should the government consider while
relatively less attention. Institutional reform making policies for agriculture sector?
of markets, empowerment of small farmers to (1) The policies should be flexible in nature to suit
leverage their assets for strategic partnerships with the diverse needs of farmers.
corporates, new technologies, market linkages and
(2) The policies should be environment-friendly.
the establishment of farmer groups and building of
the support bases for emerging Indian agriculture (3) The policies should remain farmer- friendly and
are all the need of the hour. should be beneficial for them.
Q.36. How are rich farmers able to produce a surplus, (4) Only 1 and 2
as mentioned in the passage? (5) Not mentioned in the passage
(1) They resort to wrong practices to achieve the Q.42. According to the passage, which of the following
purpose. factors affect agriculture in India?
(2) They sell the produce of lower quality. A. Population increase B. Social tensions
(3) They sell their produce in a highly competitive C. Climate change D. Credit availability
market. (1) Only C (2) Only A and B
(4) They sell their produce at a high price. (3) Only A and D (4) All except B
(5) Not mentioned in the passage (5) All of the above

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Q.43. Why has the water level gone so below in some areas? About 80% of agricultural investment comes from
(1) Because of the drought in recent years. farm households. Consequently, farmers directly
bear most of the risks in a period characterised by
(2) Due to malpractices prevalent in the field of
extreme climatic events. This can be changed by
agriculture
encouraging private corporate investment which
(3) Due to excessive consumption of water owing today contributes about 3% of the investment.
to rising population The risks can then be spread among entities better
(4) Because of climate change equipped to mitigate them. Small and marginal
(5) Cannot be understood from the passage farmers will be the biggest beneficiaries if they
are linked through fewer intermediaries to the
Q.44-51. Read the following passage and answer the
changing needs of the retail consumer. Two urgent
questions based on it. Certain words have been
changes which will catalyse transformation are
given in bold to help you locate them while
digitisation of land records and smarter land
answering.
leasing laws.
(IBPS CLERK PRE 2021)
Q.44. Which of the following actions can accelerate the
It is reasonable to surmise an economic policy is a agricultural transformation?
mess when all the stakeholders are unhappy. The
A. Maintaining land records digitally.
continuing disgruntlement over onion prices and
policy is a manifestation of the larger failings of B. Introducing smarter land leasing laws.
agricultural policy. Even as onion prices in wholesale C. Getting better equipped to reduce risks.
markets have begun to drop, retail prices remain (1) Only A (2) Only B (3) Only C
sticky. The distorted market signals nudge the
(4) Both A and B (5) Both B and C
government to continue with its ill-advised ban on
exports, thereby hurting farmers. Neither farmers Q.45. According to the passage, what is/are the reason
nor consumers are pleased and agriculture remains (s) behind slow growth of agriculture in the
the slowest growing segment of the economy. economy?
Another area where India’s static agricultural (1) Counterproductive nature of agricultural policy.
policy has become counterproductive is the cereal (2) Incautious ban on exports by the Government.
procurement system, particularly that of wheat and (3) Inefficient cereal distribution by the government.
rice. Government warehouses are overflowing with
(4) Both (2) and (3)
these cereal stocks; it was 81% in excess of the buffer
norms in July last year. Food subsidy has become (5) Not mentioned in the passage.
a drag on government finances as the PDS issue Q.46. According to the passage, which of the following
price for rice and wheat have remained unchanged has/have been exactly conveyed by the author?
since 2013 and cover less than 10% of the economic A. Despite being slow growing sector agriculture
cost of procurement. Unfortunately, inefficiency is the biggest source of livelihood.
in distributing cereals means that a growing food
B. Ban on exports by the Government proves
subsidy budget has been accompanied by an increase
advantageous for the farmers.
in grains locked up in warehouses. The adverse fallout
spans groundwater depletion as well as aversion to C. The states should not be allowed to give the bonus
diversifying cropping patterns. over and above the MSP.
Agriculture continues to be the biggest source of (1) Only A (2) Only B (3) Only C
livelihood even if it’s the slowest growing sector. This (4) Both A and C (5) All except A
can change with a better set of policies in which states Q.47. According to the passage, agricultural risks can
play a role. To begin with, government must reform its be reduced -
procurement system. It can start by following through A. By immediately tweaking the procurement policy.
on the suggestion of the Commission for Agricultural
Costs and Prices to review open-ended procurement B. By encouraging private corporate investment.
and end the habit of some states declaring a bonus over C. By spreading the risks among better equipped
MSP. This combination nudges farmers to avoid crop entities.
diversification and thereby distortions continue. While (1) Only A (2) Both A and C
the procurement policy tweaks can be done quickly, (3) Only B (4) Both B and C
the more far reaching change will be in other areas.
(5) All of the above
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Q.48. Choose the word most OPPOSITE in meaning to on digital payments came in the backdrop of a regulatory
the word given in bold, as used in the passage. restriction on an expansion in HDFC Bank’s digital plans
Disgruntlement following three outages since 2018. As RBI governor
(1) Unhappiness (2) Aggravation explained, it is important to maintain public confidence
in digital banking. There is no denying that.
(3) Enthusiastic (4) Satisfaction
Digital banking has to overcome two challenges
(5) Separation to gain currency. It needs to provide convenience
Q.49. Choose the word most SIMILAR in meaning to without compromising either safety or privacy.
the word given in bold, as used in the passage. Given the surge in digital transactions that has
Aversion accompanied the mobile phone revolution, both
(1) Attachment (2) Relation financial intermediaries and the regulator have to up
their game. The government too has to do better on
(3) Disinclination(4) Prediction
policy making as that influences the quality and spread
(5) Discourage of network infrastructure. Digitalisation of payments
Q.50. Choose the word most SIMILAR in meaning to does call for a greater level of sophistication on the
the word given in bold, as used in the passage. part of all stakeholders as easy access and speed can
Nudge also work in the wrong direction. India is at a critical
(1) Embark (2) Encourage (3) Analyze juncture in this matter. It’s no longer a question of
incentivising digital transactions. It’s about improving
(4) Fascinate (5) Emphasize
services and bolstering confidence.
Q.51. In which of the following ways can small and
Q.52. According to the passage, what is/are the positive
marginal farmers be highly benefitted?
developments in the monetary policy?
A. By getting connected to the retail consumer
I. The economy is bouncing back a little quicker
directly.
than forecast made.
B. By ensuring that there are fewer intermediaries
II. RBI decided to push back with its agenda of
between them and consumer.
expanding.
C. By encouraging the private corporate investment
III. The digital payments architecture is being
in tandem.
deepened.
(1) Only A (2) Only B (3) Only C
(1) Only I (2) I & III (3) II & III
(4) Both A and B (5) Both A and C
(4) Only II (5) All of the above
Q.52-56. Read the following passage carefully and answer
Q.53. Which of the following is/are true according to
the questions given below it. Certain words have
the passage regarding digital transactions?
been given in bold to help you locate them while
answering some questions. (1) Contactless card transactions will increase from
Rs 2,000 to Rs 5,000 beginning January.
(IBPS PO PRE 2021)
(2) Digital payments for retail transactions are fast
There were positive developments in the monetary
gaining popularity.
policy announced recently. One was that the economy
is bouncing back from the lockdown impact a little (3) Steps will be taken to maintain public confidence
quicker than forecast two months ago. In this backdrop, in digital banking.
the policy interest rate was kept unchanged at 4%. The (4) Only 1
second development is one likely to have an immediate (5) All 1, 2 and 3
impact. RBI decided to push ahead with its agenda Q.54. What step/steps government needs to take to serve
of expanding and deepening the digital payments in the process of digitalisation?
architecture. In keeping with this aim, the real time
(1) It needs to give free internet connection to a huge
gross settlement (RTGS) system for immediate funds
population.
transfer will now run round the clock.
(2) The government needs to raise funds to RBI.
This will be supplemented by an increase in limits
for contactless card transactions from Rs 2,000 to Rs (3) The government has to do better on policy
5,000 beginning January. Digital payments for retail making as that influences the quality and spread of
transactions are fast gaining popularity. The share of network infrastructure.
digital transactions in the total volume of non-cash retail (4) All of the above
payments was 97% in 2019-20. RBI’s announcements (5) None of the above
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Q.55. What is the meaning of the phrase “round the and without consulting them; of confining their will by
clock” in accordance to the passage? their own admission; of overcoming their refusal by
(1) a circular clock that consent, and forcing them to punish themselves,
when they act against their own will? How can it be that
(2) All day and all night
all should obey, yet nobody take upon him to command,
(3) Throughout the year and that all should serve, and yet have no masters,
(4) To move very fast but be the more free, as, in apparent subjection, each
(5) To monitor minutely loses no part of his liberty but what might be hurtful
to that of another? These wonders are the work of law.
Q.56. Which of the following should be the most
It is to law alone that men owe justice and liberty. It is
appropriate title for the passage?
this salutary organ of the will of all which establishes,
(1) RBI and its regulations in civil right, the natural equality between men. It
(2) Digital payment architecture is this celestial voice which dictates to each citizen
(3) Monetary policy impacts the precepts of public reason, and teaches him to act
(4) Economic bounce back according to the rules of his own judgment, and not
to behave inconsistently with himself. It is with this
(5) India and its economy voice alone that political rulers should speak when
Q.57-61. Read the given passage carefully and answer they command; for no sooner does one man, setting
the questions that follow. aside the law, claim to subject another to his private
(SBI CLERK PRE 2021) will, than he departs from the state of civil society, and
The first and most important rule of legitimate or confronts him face to face in the pure state of nature,
popular government, that is to say, of government in which obedience is prescribed solely by necessity.
whose object is the good of the people, is to follow in Q.57. According to the passage, the author would agree
everything the general will. But to follow this will it with all of the following except-
is necessary to know it, and above all to distinguish it A. Government must maintain its authority without
from the particular will, beginning with one’s self: this unduly compromising personal liberty.
distinction is always very difficult to make, and only the B. Political leaders should use the law as their guide
most sublime virtue can afford sufficient illumination to correct leadership.
for it. As, in order to will, it is necessary to be free, a
C. The law recognizes that all men are capable of
difficulty no less great than the former arises — that of
recognizing what is in the general interest.
preserving at once the public liberty and the authority of
government. Look into the motives which have induced (1) Only A (2) Only C (3) Both A and B
men, once united by their common needs in a general (4) Both B and D (5) All except B
society, to unite themselves still more intimately by Q.58. What according to the passage is the repercussion
means of civil societies: you will find no other motive of audaciously setting aside the law?
than that of assuring the property, life and liberty of each (1) The consistent anarchy in the society will prevail.
member by the protection of all. But can men be forced
(2) The adherence to the rules will only remain as an
to defend the liberty of any one among them, without
obligation.
trespassing on that of others? And how can they provide
for the public needs, without alienating the individual (3) The clear witness of deviating from the principals
property of those who are forced to contribute to of the good society can be seen.
them? With whatever sophistry all this may be covered (4) Both 1 and 2
over, it is certain that if any constraint can be laid on (5) Both 2 and 3
my will, I am no longer free, and that I am no longer Q.59. With reference to the passage, which of the
master of my own property, if anyone else can lay a following points is/are TRUE?
hand on it. This difficulty, which would have seemed
insurmountable, has been removed, like the first, by the (1) Government with good intent and general welfare
most sublime of all human institutions, or rather by a of the people must follow the self-opinionated will.
divine inspiration, which teaches mankind to imitate (2) All rigid constraints regarding anyone’s will have
here below the unchangeable decrees of the Deity. been eliminated completely.
By what inconceivable art has a means been found of (3) It is to law alone that men only owe justice.
making men free by making them subject; of using in (4) Both 2 and 3
the service of the State the properties, the persons and
(5) Both 1 and 2
even the lives of all its members, without constraining
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Q.60. When according to the author, is the paradox over-reach by the A.P. High Court. The question
resolved? of a “constitutional breakdown” or the failure of
A. When an individual; behaves according to the constitutional machinery is dealt with under Article
natural rights of man and not according to imposed 356 of the Constitution, whose invoking comes under
rules. the prerogative of the executive and not the judiciary.
B.  When an individual; agrees to follow the rule of These included ascertaining whether objective
law even when it is against his best interests. conditions exist which render it impossible to carry
C.  When an individual; submits to the rule of law out governance in the State where the proclamation
and thus is at liberty to do anything that does not has been made and the process has to be approved
harm another person. by both Houses of Parliament before consideration
for judicial review. But the A.P. High Court’s order
D.  When an individual; belongs to a society which
seemed to have reversed the scheme of things by
guarantees individual liberty at all times.
putting the cart before the horse in asking to ascertain
(1) Only A (2) Only C if there is a “constitutional breakdown in the State”.
(3) Both A and B (4) Both B and D The Chief Justice of India noted that the Court found
(5) All except B it to be “disturbing” before staying it.
Q.61. How is the Author’s attitude to Law in this Q.62. According to the passage, identify the statement(s)
passage best conveyed? which is /are correct.
A. respect for its inalienable authority. A. The Supreme Court stayed an order to convene a
B. extolling its importance as a human institution. judicial inquiry into whether there is a “constitutional
breakdown” Reddy-led government in the State.
C. eliminating the need for its imposition on the
people. B. The top court’s intervention is not welcomed by
the high court of Andhra Pradesh.
D. acceptance of its prohibitions.
(1) Only A
(1) Only A (2) Only B
(3) Both A and B (4) Both B and D (2) Only B

(5) All except C (3) Both A & B

Q.62-64. Read the following passage carefully and answer (4) Neither A nor B
the questions given below it. Certain words have (5) Can’t be assessed from the passage.
been given in bold to help you locate them while Q.63. What do you understand by the foreign term
answering some questions. “habeas corpus”?
(SBI PO MAINS 2022) (1) To sign a deal
The Supreme Court on Friday quite rightly stayed (2) To produce the imprisoned to the court
an Andhra Pradesh High Court order that sought to (3) To make amendments in various laws
convene a judicial inquiry into whether there is a
(4) To ask high court to take necessary action against
“constitutional breakdown” in the Y.S. Jagan Mohan
the officials
Reddy-led government in the State. The top court’s
intervention must be welcomed as it quickly halted (5) To abide by the law
an untenable adventure by the High Court that might Q.64. Why did the high court summon ‘suo motu’ to
have required the imposition of President’s Rule. the state counsel?
While hearing habeas corpus petitions filed by (1) After hearing petitions filed by relatives of
relatives of persons remanded in judicial custody persons remanded in judicial custody
or on bail, on October 1, the High Court had suo (2) To find recording if there is constitutional
motu summoned the State counsel to assist in breakdown in the State or not
deciding “whether in circumstances prevailing in
(3) To help the state high court against the revolt
the State of Andhra Pradesh, the court can record
a finding that there is constitutional breakdown in (4) Both 1 & 2
the State or not”. This was clearly a case of judicial (5) All of the above

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PREVIOUS YEAR PAPER ANSWERS

(BASED ON MEMORY)
Q.1.(5) The answer lies in the third and fourth paragraph Q.18.(4) The answer can be inferred from the end of the
of the passage. third paragraph.
Q.2.(4) The answer lies in the first paragraph of the pas- Q.19.(4) Immorality (n) - wickedness
sage. For other options-
Q.3.(3) The answer lies in the last paragraph of the pas- Belief (n) – an acceptance that something exists
sage. or is true.
Q.4.(2) The answer lies in the last paragraph of the pas- Standard (n) - something used as a measure in
sage. comparative evaluations.
Q.5.(2) The answer lies in the second last paragraph of Q.20.(1) Allotment (n) – A share set aside for a specific
the passage. purpose.
Q.6.(1) The answer lies in the first paragraph of the pas- For other options-
sage.
Authority (n) - power.
Q.7.(5) The answer is not mentioned in the passage.
Q.21.(3) Finance (v) – provide large amounts of money
Q.8.(3) Analytical tone’s characteristic is the presence (government).
of reasons or logic/ justifications to support
For other options-
something.
Debt (n) – a sum of money that is owed or due.
For other options–
Penalize (v) – punish.
Commiserating tone is used to express grief or
show sympathy. Q.22.(4) The answer can be inferred from the end of the
first paragraph.
Humanistic tone of writing is most suitable to
issues related to welfare, values and other such Q.23.(4) The answer can be inferred from the first para-
human affairs. graph.
Apologetic tone is used to express remorse or Q.24.(5) The answer has not been mentioned in the passage.
guilt regarding the mishaps or tragedies that Q.25.(4) The answer can be inferred from the end of the
might have occurred in the past. third paragraph.
Q.9.(3) The answer is given in the beginning of the Q.26.(5) The answer lies at the end of the passage.
passage. Q.27.(4) The answer lies in the last paragraph of the pas-
Q.10.(1) The answer is given in the mid of the second sage.
paragraph. Q.28.(5) The answer has not been mentioned in the passage.
Q.11.(4) The answer can be inferred after reading the Q.29.(4) The answer lies in the first paragraph of the pas-
whole passage carefully. sage.
Q.12.(5) The answer can be inferred after reading the whole Q.30.(2) Descriptive tone is used when the passage de-
passage carefully. scribes various aspects of a certain subject matter.
Q.13.(3) The answer can be inferred from the third para- Q.31.(4) The answer is given in the first paragraph of the
graph of the passage. passage.
Q.14.(5) The answer can be inferred from the second last Q.32.(3) The answer is given at the last of the passage.
paragraph of the passage. Q.33.(4) The answer lies in the beginning of the first para-
Q.15.(5) The answer can be inferred from the second last graph of the passage.
paragraph of the passage. Q.34.(5) The answer lies in the second paragraph of the
Q.16.(5) The answer can be inferred from the first paragraph passage.
of the passage. Q.35.(4) The entire passage is talking about the net neutral-
Q.17.(1) The answer can be inferred from the first paragraph ity and its importance.
of the passage. Q.36.(4) The answer lies in the third paragraph.

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Q.37.(1) The answer can be inferred from the fourth Q.54.(3) The answer lies in the first few lines of the 3rd
paragraph paragraph, all the options stated are relevant ideas
Q.38.(1) Attract (v): cause (someone) to have a liking for as per the passage.
or interest in something. Q.55.(2) The phrase lies in the last line of the 1st paragraph
Repel (v): be repulsive or distasteful to. meaning full day, i.e., 24 hours.
Q.39.(2) Disparity (n): difference. Q.56.(2) The passage completes talks about digital develop-
ment of economy and the process involved and
Q.40.(2) The answer can be inferred from the last paragraph.
it. It highlights the advantages of digital payment
Q.41.(3) The answer can be inferred from the fourth which makes option (2) the most apt title of the
paragraph. passage.
Q.42.(5) The answer can be found in the first paragraph. Q.57.(2) In the third line of the first paragraph the author
Q.43.(2) The answer can be inferred from the second states that it is difficult to recognize the general
paragraph. will and to distinguish it from the personal. He
Q.44.(4) The answer lies in this line of the passage- “Two states that only the “most sublime virtue” can
urgent changes which will catalyse transformation make this distinction, hence option (C) is not said
are digitisation of land records and smarter land by the author, so he’d not be agree with it.
leasing laws.” Q.58.(5) As per the last paragraph where the author has
Q.45.(5) The answer cannot be inferred from the passage. mentioned ‘he departs from the state of civil
Q.46.(4) The answer lies in the first paragraph of the pas- society’, and ‘obedience is prescribed solely by
sage. necessity’, is clearly giving the correct answer.

Q.47.(4) The answer lies in the last paragraph of the pas- Q.59.(2) In the last of the first paragraph, it is said that
sage. “if any constraint can be laid on my will, I am
no longer free, and that I am no longer master of
Q.48.(4) Disgruntlement (n) - the state of being dissatisfied. my own property, if anyone else can lay a hand
For other options: on it. This difficulty, which would have seemed
Aggravation (n) - the state of becoming worse or insurmountable, has been removed”, so the correct
more serious. option choice is option (2).
Enthusiastic (adj.) - having or showing intense Q.60.(2) All the paradoxes in this section of the extract are
and eager enjoyment, interest, or approval. resolved in the sentence, “These wonders are the
Q.49.(3) Aversion (n) - a strong dislike or disinclination. work of law.” But the law is such that “each loses
no part of his liberty but what might be hurtful
For other options:
to that of another”, making option (C) the best
Prediction (n) - forecast. answer.
Discourage (v) - cause (someone) to lose confi- Q.61.(2) The author uses words such as sublime, and
dence or enthusiasm. celestial which indicate his tendency to glorify
Q.50.(2) Nudge (v) - gently encourage (someone) to do the institution of law, making praise or extolling
something. possible choices. He clearly refers to the law as a
For other options: human institution. Hence only option choice (B)
can be the correct answer.
Embark (v)-begin.
Q.62.(1) Option A is clearly evident in the first few lines
Emphasize (v) - make (something) more clearly
of first paragraph.
defined.
Q.63.(2) A writ of habeas corpus (which literally
Q.51.(2) The answer lies in the last paragraph of the pas-
means to “produce the body”) is a court order
sage.
demanding that a public official (such as a
Q.52.(2) The answer lies in the first few lines of the 1st warden) deliver an imprisoned individual to
paragraph, while others options stated irrelevant the court and show a valid reason for that
ideas as per the passage. person’s detention.
Q.53.(5) The answer lies in the first few lines of the 2nd Q.64.(4) Option 1 & 2 are clearly evident in the first few
paragraph, all the options stated are relevant ideas lines of second paragraph.
as per the passage.
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CHAPTER
FILL IN
16
THE BLANKS
For most of the govt. exams ‘Fill in the Blanks’ is one of need to use the elimination method.
the most important topics in English language section, from 6. In some of the questions your knowledge and
which you can score more marks easily. To answer these understanding of idioms and phrases in English
questions, you must have very good Vocabulary of English Language are tested. Hence, be sure to have a good
words and basic knowledge of grammar as well. skill of such idioms/phrases.
1. To read the sentence in the question very carefully 7. Be ensured that the meaning of the sentence is intact.
is very important to solve such questions. Most of the As you place the suitable option, do check that the
times, clues about the word needed to fill in the blank sentence expresses a plausible meaning.
– a name, a date or a fact – can be easily derived from
8. In case you are stuck between two or more options, you
the meaning of the sentence itself.
can go for the hit & trial method – one by one place
2. To keep serious attention to grammar related clues is each of the suitable options in place of the missing word
one of the important tools, for example, if the article, in the sentence. The option which gives you the likely
“a” comes before the blank, then it is understood that the meaning to the sentence would probably be the correct
answer must begin with a consonant. Such grammatical answer.
clues can greatly help in deciding the answers.
9. It is very important not to spend a lot of time on single
3. You must understand the logical structure of a sentence question. If you are not able to spot the correct answer
and pay attention to what the question needs. after various efforts, leave the question.
4. It is very essential to understand the context of the
10. Each word expresses two things: a definition and a
sentence. While reading the given sentence, you must
connotation. A connotation is a positive, negative, or
try to infer the tone of the missing word.
neutral feeling that is implied by or associated with a
5. In some of the fill in the blank questions, you are
word.
supposed to fill more than one blank. In such cases you
Keep Practicing & Keep Learning

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exercise LEVEL - 1
(1) proceed (2) validate
EXERCISE- 1
(3) passivity (4) vanish
Q.1-5. In each of the following sentences, there is a blank
space. Choose the word(s) that fit in the blank to (5) both (2) and (4).
make the sentence meaningful. Q.7. I've just been __________ to keep my head above
Q.1. There has not been much appreciation of how the water my whole life long and sinking down further
present government got lucky as a _______ of with every stroke.
falling oil prices worldwide, since it came to power (1) processing (2) paddling
in 2014. (3) trampling (4) discouraging
(1) Matter (2) Conclude (5) both (1) and (3).
(3) Decision (4) Result Q.8. When Elisha was surrounded by the enemy,
(5) Initiation. he looked up to behold the angels of the Lord
__________ around about him from above.
Q.2. The IBC provides for a time limit of 180 days once
a case of default is brought to the National Company (1) crossing (2) encamping
Law Tribunal, following a joint decision of creditors (3) sheltering (4) wandering
accounting for a/an _______ share of claims on a (5) both (2) and (3).
company.
Q.9. In all cases the bricks have been made, the stone
(1) Auxiliary (2) Dominant quarried and dressed, the timber sawn, the iron cast,
(3) Minority (4) Humble _________ and wrought by the prisoners.
(5) Inconspicuous. (1) unfeigned (2) dodged
Q.3. Over two-thirds of Gaza’s population comprises of (3) forged (4) unforged
refugees, some of them _______ several times over (5) both (3) and (4).
amid the death and devastation of successive Israeli Q.10. In the midst of this conversation, which was
assaults. beginning to interest Napoleon, Berthier's
(1) Destroyed (2) Uprooted eyes turned to look at a general with a
(3) Displaced (4) Settled suite, who was __________ toward the knoll on a
lathering horse.
(5) Both 2 and 3.
(1) lingering (2) galloping
Q.4. The fabricated controversy around Jinnah’s portrait
has brought into public debate, once again, the old (3) balancing (4) channeling
and sterile question of Jinnah’s _______ in British (5) both (1) and (4)
India’s partition. EXERCISE- 3
(1) Culpability (2) Guilty Q.11-15. In each of the following questions, three sentences
(3) Blaming (4) Abuse with a blank in each are given with three words
(5) Both 1 and 2. (A), (B) and (C). Choose the most suitable option to
Q.5. Those who want to learn a foreign language, or want fill in the blanks to make the sentences
their children to, often feel they are racing against meaningfully correct.
the_______. Q.11. I. ____________athletes will continue to be
(1) Minutes (2) Time observed by the army as they train for the upcoming
competitions.
(3) Clock (4) world
II. ____________accusations of racism were
(5) Early. made against the illustrator after the comic.
EXERCISE- 2 III. In order to allow ___________ customers to
Q.6-10. In each of the following sentences, there is a blank track their aircraft, Vistara World will feature a live
space. Choose the word(s) that fit (s) in the blank moving map display.
to make the sentence meaningful. A. Numerous B. Much C. Little
Q.6. The amendments ________ changes in membership, (1) Both A and C (2) Only A
either to replace or to substitute members during the (3) Only B (4) Only C
course of tribunal hearings. (5) All are correct.
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Q.12. I. This year's Kharif sowing has been quite
EXERCISE- 4
optimistic due to the __________ rains that have
affected most of the state. Q.16-19. In each of the following questions, two sentences
with a blank in each are given with three words
II. The __________ rise in bad loans was a result
(A), (B) and (C). Choose the most suitable
of overconfident bankers and a sluggish decision-
word(s) which can be filled in the given sentence.
making process by the government.
III. The most __________ pillars of success Q.16. I. Inflation here has been ____________, the charge
are modesty, truthfulness, and wisdom. for admission having increased sixty-fold since I
A. Moderate B. Significant C. Some was a lad.
(1) Only A (2) Only B II. The principle of allowing the individual
(3) Only C (4) Both A and C expression of sentiment had allowed the _________
expression of poor taste.
(5) All are correct.
Q.13. I. As ________ by the newspaper, the reason for A. strength B. rampant C. stagnant
people's dissatisfaction with the current government (1) Only A
is the increase in fuel prices. (2) Only B.
II. Apple _______ that its decision to join the Indian (3) Both A and B
market was driven by the country's sizable consumer
(4) Both B and C
base.
III. The best course of action is ________ only by (5) Only C.
looking at different possibilities. Q.17. I. It is a terrible ________ on those in charge that
A. Acknowledged this poor man and his family suffered so much for
B. Constrained so long.
C. Remembered II. There are some people who truly believe that
(1) Only A (2) Both A and B the recent natural disasters are an ________ against
Man’s lack of respect for the planet.
(3) Only B (4) Both A and C
(5) All are correct. A. indictment B. assertion C. representation
Q.14. I. They became everyone's favourite due to their (1) Only A (2) Only B
original ideas, inventive thinking and the way they (3) Both A and C (4) Both B and C
_________ them. (5) Only C.
II. The majority of people agreed that Lord Q.18. I. Drinking warm water when constipated can move
Ayyappa's followers do not ________ a legitimate things smooth by stimulating blood flow and having
religious denomination. a ________ effect in the intestines.
III. The Code of Criminal Procedure and the Indian
II. The young woman put on some _________
Penal Code no longer contain laws that ________
music, and sat down with a glass of medicine to
adultery.
relax her ill husband.
A. Tell B. Represent C. Show
A. evanescent B. expiating C. soothing
(1) Only A (2) Only B
(3) Both A and B (4) Only C (1) Only A (2) Only B
(5) All are correct. (3) Both A and B (4) Both B and C
Q.15. I. The plane crashed just after entering Mongolian (5) Only C.
_________. Q.19. I. The electricians were ____________ so that all
II. The president said that all future violations of electrical appliances might be in perfect order.
our _______ would result in serious consequences. II. Parents can be ____________ of the presence
III. Race organizers had asked permission of and severity of ankyloglossia and made aware of
the various countries whose ________ could be potential feeding, speech, and dental problems.
involved. A. apprised B. dilemma C. adored
A. Territory B. Airspace C. Nation
(1) Only A. (2) Only B
(1) Only A (2) Only B
(3) Both A and B (4) Both B and C
(3) Both A and B (4) Only C
(5) Only C.
(5) All are correct.

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(1) blow (2) stumps
EXERCISE- 5
Q.20-24. In each of the following sentences, there is a (3) whacks (4) studs
blank space. Choose the word(s) that fit in the (5) both (1) and (2).
blank to make the sentence meaningful.
Q.23. In India, policies to promote domestic chip
Q.20. In the newly started program I watched, I felt the
manufacturing have been ___________.
interviewer _________as quite arrogant.
(1) seemed (2) came over (1) quell (2) scattershot
(3) came across (4) comes over (3) organize (4) haphazard
(5) both (2) and (3). (5) both (2) and (4).
Q.21. Quite surprisingly, not one but two binding treaties Q.24. She was ___________ intelligent, passionate about
were agreed at the ___________held in India. theatre, an astonishing actress and later to be a
(1) ventured (2) apex brilliant director.
(3) acme (4) summit (1) regularly (2) brutally
(5) both (1) and (4).
(3) ferociously (4) extremely
Q.22. With a few ___________ and some loud whistles,
they drove the animals away. (5) both (3) and (4).

EXPLANATION LEVEL - 1
EXERCISE 1 EXERCISE 3
Q.1.(4) 'Result' fits in well contextually and grammatically Q.11.(2) Numerous (adj.): Many
it is signifying effect here. Much/little are used for uncountable nouns.
Q.2.(2) Only 'dominant' which means majority/main/ Q.12.(2) Significant (adj.): important or large enough to be
primary fits in. noticed.
Q.3.(5) Both uprooted and displaced mean the same and are Moderate (adj.): being, having, using, etc. neither
contextually and grammatically correct. too much nor too little of something.
Q.4.(1) Options 1, 2 and 3 are synonyms and convey the Q.13.(1) Acknowledge (v): to accept or admit that something
same meaning. However, we need a noun in the is true or exists.
blank and the only one that fits in is culpability Q.14.(2) Represent (v): to describe somebody/something in
which means blame/guilt. a particular way.
Q.5.(3) Clock fits in well. It is grammatically correct and Q.15.(3) Both A and B
conveys the meaning well. Territory (n): an area of land that belongs to one
EXERCISE 2 country.
Q.6.(2) Validate (v) - check or prove the validity or accuracy Airspace (n): the space lying above the earth or
of. above a certain area of land or water.
For other options- Nation (n): a country or all the people in a country.
Passivity (n) - Opposite of the property of being EXERCISE 4
shiftless Q.16.(2) Rampant (adj.)- (especially of something
Q.7.(2) Paddling (n) - A spanking or beating with a paddle. unwelcome) flourishing or spreading unchecked.
Q.8.(5) Encamping (v) - to make an encampment or put For other options-
someone in an encampment. Stagnant (n)- showing no activity; dull and sluggish.
Q.9.(3) Forged (v) – to put a lot of effort into making Q.17.(1) Indictment (n)- a formal charge or accusation of a
something strong and successful. serious crime.
For other options- For other options:
Unfeigned- Opposite of forged Representation (n)- the description or portrayal of
Q.10.(2) Galloping (v) - (used about a horse or a rider) to go someone or something in a particular way.
at the fastest speed. Q.18.(5) For other options-
For other options- Evanescent (adj.)- soon passing out of sight, memory,
Channeling (v) - to make something move along a or existence; quickly fading or disappearing.
particular path or route.
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Expiate (v)- make amends or reparation for (guilt Apex (n): the top or highest part of something,
or wrongdoing). especially one forming a point.
Q.19.(1) Apprise (v)- inform or tell (someone). Q.22.(3) Whack (n) - a sharp or resounding blow.
For other options-
For other options-
Dilemma (n)- a difficult situation or problem.
Stump (v) - walk stiffly and noisily.
Adore (v)- love and respect (someone) deeply.
Stud (v) - decorate or augment (something).
EXERCISE 5
Q.20.(5) ‘Come over’- (of a person) appear or sound in a Q.23.(5) Scattershot (adj.) - denoting something that is broad
specified way; give a specified impression; come but random and haphazard in its range.
across.
Haphazard (adj.) - lacking any obvious principle of
Q.21.(4) Summit (n) - a meeting between heads of organization.
government.
For other options- For other options–

Venture (n) - a risky or daring journey or Quell (v) - put an end to (something).
undertaking. Q.24.(5) Ferociously (adj.) - to a very great degree;
Acme (n) – peak extremely.
exercise LEVEL - 2
(5) All of the above
EXERCISE- 1
Q.3. I. India is a market that provides a __________
Q.1. In each of the following questions, three sentences
opportunity in every field.
followed by a set of four words (out of which
some are suitable) have been given. Choose II. The _________into bond markets will be
the sentences which can appropriately be improved which will lead to lower lending rates.
filled in (not mandatory in order) by using some III. It is time for ad agencies to examine the values
of the words suggested. they __________.
I. __________in stressed sectors will reinforce A. exhibition B. transmission
government’s initiatives to boost growth. C. uphold D. wit
II. A greater __________of loans in the system have (1) Only I
been moved to floating rate.
(2) Both I and II
III. The firm’s __________ goes in tandem with
(3) Only III
the government’s plan.
(4) Both II and III
A. reputation B. proportion
(5) All of the above
C. Intervention D. strategy
Q.4. I. The players in the ___________sector are taking
(1) Only I (2) Both I and II
various steps.
(3) Only III (4) Both II and III
II. It is going to be a ___________task for all of us.
(5) All of the above III. The banking system will have to be more careful
Q.2. I. The number of electric cars has grown by about about ___________management.
300% in the last__________. A. plod B. automobile
II. It is a __________ that the law has had to C. liquidity D. differentiate
intervene in a small matter.
(1) Only I (2) Both I and II
III. Misleading __________ shall not go unpunished
(3) Only III (4) Both I and III
anymore.
(5) All of the above
A. shame B. decade
C. pity D. ads EXERCISE- 2
(1) Only I (2) Both I and II Q.5-8. In each of the following questions, a short passage
with three blanks has been given, you have to
(3) Only III (4) Both II and III
choose the appropriate option to fill in the blanks.

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Q.5. Agriculture is one of the main sectors that are
EXERCISE- 3
_________ in the revival of the Indian economy
but there is so much more ___________ in the Q.9-13. In each of the following questions, a word
agriculture sector that is yet to be__________. followed by three sentences consisting of a blank
is given. Choose the sentence(s) in which the
A. assisting, ordinance, created given word can be correctly used.
B. booming, strength, captured Q.9. SKIRMISH
C. helping, potential, tapped I. Even if the PMO attributed the political ---------
(1) Only B (2) Both B & C ------- to “a mischievous interpretation”, it is more
(3) Only C (4) Both A & B than clear that the PM did not choose his words
carefully.
(5) All A, B & C
II. The unit was caught in several -------------------
Q.6. Where governments gave out vouchers to ----- and the commanding officer was killed.
__________ spending — like in Hong Kong
— millions of consumers and thousands of III. Right before the game’s results were announced,
merchants became new users of online payment the fans got into a -------------- over whose team was
systems just to utilize the __________. Many the greatest.
will likely continue using these new ways to (1) Only I (2) Only II
__________ bills. (3) Both I and II (4) Both II and III
A. roll, income, draw (5) All of the above
B. perk up, handouts, settle Q.10. UNRELENTING
C. rise, benefits, pay I. She established her authority with ----------------
(1) Only A (2) Both B & C -- thoroughness.
(3) Only C (4) Both A & B II. He was ----------------- in his pursuit of legal
mandate.
(5) Only B
III. In the face of severe opposition and ------
Q.7. In today’s competitive job market, employers ----------------------- criticism, the task seemed
look for highly __________ individuals who are overwhelming.
fit for a rapidly __________ world, driven by
(1) Only I (2) Only II
technology and automation. In fact, technology is
the __________ force behind many of the new jobs (3) Both I and II (4) Both I and III
and also the reason that some jobs will no longer be (5) All of the above
needed. Q.11. RESUMPTION
A. skilled, evolving, driving I. The revolution of 1830, which brought his party
B. trained, developing, controlling into power, only led to a very temporary ----------- of
C. raving, rowing, palpable office by Bignon.
II. The ------------- has only underlined the
(1) Only A (2) Both B & C
government’s poor communication on the border
(3) Only C (4) Both A & B issue.
(5) Only B III. The rain has stopped, but we're still waiting for
Q.8. In the case of a voluntary _________ of a former the ---------------------- of the game.
business property, a taxpayer must _______ the (1) Only I
replacement property before the end of the first
(2) Only II
________ year.
(3) Both I and II
A. disposition, acquire, taxation
(4) Both I and III
B. proportion, purport, income
(5) All of the above
C. retirement, declare, rental
Q.12. SNARL
(1) Only A (2) Both B & C
I. Until now, physicists have only been able to
(3) Only C (4) Both A & B ____________ photons, electrons and atoms, using
(5) Only B different methods in each case.

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II. All kinds of plastic packaging, metal cans, and Q.15. I. An ___________ minister can hold his
other rubbish ____________ and strangle sea congregation’s attention even during a long sermon.
turtles, sea birds, sea lions and fish. II. After sitting in the airport for nine hours, I was
III. Both sides said that they are committed to _________ when I learned my flight would be
peace talks but analysts say that the blast could delayed another six hours.
____________ but not derail the process.
III. To protect your own interests, you need to make
(1) Only I (2) Only II sure you include a _________ in the partnership
(3) Both I and II (4) Both I and III contract.
(5) All of the above A. caveat B. eloquent C. livid
Q.13. EXPOSITION
(1) ABC (2) CBA
I. Similar to the inaugural event in Beijing two years
(3) BCA (4) ACB
ago, the ____________ in Shanghai also featured a
wide range of exhibitions on world soccer. (5) BAC
II. The focus was on ____________ and not merely Q.16. I. The school board requires several days of
description, and this is what distinguished the book shadowing in classrooms in order to _________
from the other books of the same kind. the applicant’s teaching skills.
III. All the heroic ____________ is certainly II. In many _________ skin disorders like
dangerous, but the danger is not to the hero- psoriasis and eczema where the application of soap
worshipers, but to the hero. aggravates the problem, patients are best advised to
(1) Only I (2) Only II use curd while bathing.
(3) Both I and II (4) Both I and III III. There are major and minor principles in
(5) All of the above everything, and the minor principles are all
EXERCISE- 4 ___________ to the major.

Q.14-17. In each of the following questions, three A. subordinate B. vet C. obstinate

sentences with a blank in each are given. Below (1) ABC (2) CBA
it a table consisting of three words (marked as
(3) BCA (4) ACB
A, B and C) are given, you need to choose the
correct order of the words to fill in the sentences (5) BAC
respectively. Q.17. I. Although the actress was nominated for several
Q.14. I. People who suffer from attention deficit disorders awards, she was still criticized for her ____________
learn best through _____________ lectures which portrayal of the world leader.
do not require them to focus for long periods of II. When the president broadcast his budget plan for
time. the country, he revealed a _________ plan that was
II. As long as you can find a quiet place where you clearly outlined.
can be alone, meditation is a form of _________
III. In my family, it is considered ___________ to
that you can take advantage of wherever you are.
question someone about the value of a gift they give
III. The cult leader insisted that all of his followers you.
be __________ and obey his every command.
A. vapid B. pellucid C. uncouth
A. respite B. subservient C. succinct
(1) ABC (2) CBA
(1) ABC (2) CAB
(3) BCA (4) ACB
(3) BCA (4) ACB
(5) BAC
(5) BAC

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EXPLANATION LEVEL - 2
Palpable (adj.) - able to be touched or felt.
EXERCISE 1
Q.8.(1) Disposition (n) - the distribution or transfer of
Q.1.(5) Intervention in stressed sectors will reinforce
property or money to someone, especially by
government’s initiatives to boost growth.
bequest.
A greater proportion of loans in the system have
For other options:
been moved to floating rate.
Purport (v) - appear to be or do something,
The firm’s strategy goes in tandem with the
especially falsely.
government’s plan.
Proportion (n) - a part, share, or number considered
Q.2.(5) The number of electric cars has grown by about
in comparative relation to a whole.
300% in the last decade.
It is a pity that the law has had to intervene in a EXERCISE 3
small matter. Q.9.(4) Sentence II, Skirmish (n)-an episode of irregular
Misleading ads shall not go unpunished anymore. and unprecedented fighting, especially between
small or outlying parts of armies or fleets.
Q.3.(4) The transmission into bond markets will be
improved which will lead to lower lending rates. Sentence III, Skirmish (n)- a small conflict between
two team.
It is time for ad agencies to examine the values
they uphold. Sentence I, Storm (n)- a vehement outburst of a
specified feeling or reaction.
For the first sentence: India is a market that
provides a tremendous opportunity in every field. Q.10.(5) Sentence I, II and III, Unrelenting (adj) -
continuously strong, not becoming weaker or
For other options-
stopping.
Wit (n) – intelligence.
Q.11.(4) Sentence I and III, Resumption (n)- the action
Q.4.(4) The players in the automobile sector are taking of beginning something again after a pause or
various steps. interruption.
The banking system will have to be more careful Sentence II, controversy (n)- Prolonged public
about liquidity management. disagreement or heated discussion.
For the second sentence: It is going to be Q.12.(5) In sentences I and II ‘Snarl (v) - entangle
a herculean task for all of us. something’ will be used.
For other options- In sentence III ‘Snarl (v) - hinder or impede
Plod (v) – walk slowly with heavy steps. something’ will be used.
EXERCISE 2 Q.13.(3) In sentence I ‘Exposition (n) - exhibition’ will be
Q.5.(3) Potential (n): latent qualities or abilities that used.
may be developed and lead to future success or In sentence II ‘Exposition (n) - explanation’ will
usefulness. be used.
Tap (v): exploit or draw a supply from (a resource). In sentence III ‘Exaltation (n) - the action of
For other options: elevating someone in rank or power.’ will be used.
Ordinance (n): an authoritative order. EXERCISE 4
Q.6.(2) ‘Perk up’ means ‘to rise or cause to rise briskly’. Q.14.(2) The correct sentences are:
Handout (n) - benefits I. People who suffer from attention deficit
disorders learn best through succinct (especially
Settle (v) - pay (a debt or account).
of something written or spoken) briefly and clearly
Q.7.(1) Skilled (adj.) - based on or proceeding from the expressed) lectures which do not require them to
ability to do something well. focus for long periods of time.
Evolve (v) - develop gradually. II. As long as you can find a quiet place where you
Drive (adj.) - propel or carry along by force in a can be alone, meditation is a form of respite (a short
specified direction. period of rest or relief from something difficult
For other options: or unpleasant.) that you can take advantage of
Raving (adj.) - irrational talk. wherever you are.

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III. The cult leader insisted that all of his or overcome) skin disorders like psoriasis and
followers be subservient (prepared to obey others eczema where the application of soap aggravates
unquestioningly) and obey his every command. the problem, patients are best advised to use curd
Q.15.(3) The correct sentences are: while bathing.
I. An eloquent (fluent or persuasive in speaking III. There are major and minor principles in
or writing) minister can hold his congregation’s everything, and the minor principles are all
attention even during a long sermon. subordinate (lower in rank or position) to the
II. After sitting in the airport for nine hours, I was major.
livid (angry) when I learned my flight would be Q.17.(1) The correct sentences are:
delayed another six hours. I. Although the actress was nominated for several
III. To protect your own interests, you need to awards, she was still criticized for her vapid
make sure you include a caveat (warning) in the (uninteresting) portrayal of the world leader.
partnership contract. II. When the president broadcast his budget plan
Q.16.(3) The correct sentences are: for the country, he revealed a pellucid (easily
I. The school board requires several days of understood; lucid) plan that was clearly outlined.
shadowing in classrooms in order to vet (assess, III. In my family, it is considered uncouth
evaluate) the applicant’s teaching skills. (uncivilized, uncultured) to question someone
II. In many obstinate (very difficult to change about the value of a gift they give you.

PREVIOUS YEAR PAPER QUESTIONS

(BASED ON MEMORY)
Q.1-5. In each of the following questions, a statement (1) Negate (2) Buttress
with a single blank is given. Choose the most (3) Stultification (4) Absolve
effective word from the given options to complete
(5) Emancipation
the sentence meaningfully.
Q.6.-9. In each of the following questions, read the short
(SBI CLERK PRE - 2019)
passage carefully and suggest the most suitable
Q.1. When new evidence in favor of the defendant came sequence of words to be filled in the blanks given
to light, the judge had no choice but to __________ in the passage respectively.
the trial verdict.
(IBPS PO PRE - 2019)
(1) Rescind (2) Ratify (3) Respite
Q.6. Errant brokerages should be penalised, heavily, but
(4) Ramify (5) Articulate
in a manner that protects their clients’ investments.
Q.2. Even though the computer will speed up our research This might ____________ giving the brokerage in
efforts, the project will still be __________ question some time to arrange for funds to settle
(1) Onus (2) Attributed (3) Veracious their clients’ dues, instead of a total and immediate
(4) Onerous (5) Spectacular ____________ that freezes all operations.
Q.3. The section went to become an _________ to the A. impart B. upturn C. entail
scheme which was launched in 1980. D. slump E. clampdown
(1) Advisory (2) Adjunct (3) Emanate (1) A-D (2) C-E (3) B-C
(4) Edifice (5) Autonomous (4) C-D (5) A-E
Q.4. In the current slowdown, the Finance Minister must
Q.7. For people taking grave offence at anything legal,
accept some blame for this economic _________.
from a book or a movie, to a cultural norm or a
(1) Retention (2) Docile statement, threats of violence or ____________ must
(3) Fiasco (4) Accomplishment be shown as the real offence, the crime, and not what
(5) Outcome gave them grist to their ____________ mill.
Q.5. While other families were struggling during A. assertion B. assessing C. retribution
the Great Depression, my grandmother was the D. perturbing E. ghastly
___________ of her immigrant family as she
(1) A-D (2) C-E (3) B-C
constantly encouraged them not to give up on their
dreams. (4) C-D (5) A-E

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Q.8. If the Indian government creates a national genomic Q.14. Stressing on the need to create infrastructure for
platform, it would serve as ____________ health ______ growth, the Union Minister said Indian
infrastructure and enable future generations to Railways and Haryana government will soon set
lead much healthier lives, without having to suffer up a joint venture company for developing the rail
____________financial burdens. network.
A. pertaining B. exclusive C. inclusive (1) advocating (2) booster
D. debilitating E. deter (3) develop (4) endorse
(1) A-D (2) C-E (3) B-C (5) promoting
(4) C-D (5) A-E Q.15-19. In the following questions, two sentences with a
Q.9. SEBI’s new rules make unauthorised pledging of blank in each followed by three options are given.
clients’ shares virtually impossible. But, time and Choose the most suitable option(s) to fill in the
again, crooked operators have taken advantage blanks to make the sentences meaningful.
of ____________ investors. A system, in which (IBPS CLERK MAINS - 2020)
investors are ____________ as soon as their shares Q.15. I. He had a slight _________ and his right hand
are pledged — just as they come to know of any had a way of flopping around a bit.
purchase or sale of shares — will help. II. In many families, a child’s __________ goes
A. unwary B. incautious C. prudent unnoticed, especially if it does not interfere with
D. entreated E. intimated understanding what the child is saying.
(1) A-C (2) C-E (3) B-C A. hasp B. rake C. lisp
(4) C-D (5) A-E (1) Both A and B (2) Only B
Q.10-14. In each of the following questions, a statement (3) Only C (4) Both B and C
with a single blank is given. Choose the most (5) All of the above.
effective word from the given options to complete Q.16. I. He instantly raised the alarm and neighbours
the sentence meaningful. entered the smoke-filled kitchen and pulled her
(LIC ASSISTANT PRE - 2019) from the _________.
Q.10. DRT barred Vijay Mallya from withdrawing USD II. It was a big, old-fashioned___________,
75 million exit payment from British ______ Diageo gambrel-roofed and brown and dilapidated.
till the disposal of Kingfisher Airlines’ loan default A. quisling B. starling C. dwelling
case filed by SBI. (1) Both A and B (2) Only B
(1) giant (2) mammoth (3) Only C (4) Both B and C
(3) monstrous (4) teeny
(5) All of the above.
(5) dwarf
Q.17. I. Anteaters have long snouts which they thrust
Q.11. Several big corporate houses, such as China-based into ant-heaps in order to _________the ants or
Dalian Wanda, real estate major DLF, Indiabulls termites.
Group, ITC and Jindal Realty, today ______ huge
II. My one true passion at the time was to
investments in Haryana over the coming years.
_________ anything with abnormally large
(1) toasted (2) undertaking (3) word amounts of sugar, chocolate or toffee.
(4) pledged (5) promise A. regurgitate B. devour C. waive
Q.12. Looking to ______ audience in smaller towns and (1) Both A and B (2) Only B
rural areas, History TV 18 will create local content
(3) Both B and C (4) Only C
and shows that are country-specific, a top official of
the company said today. (5) All of the above.
(1) nozzle (2) tap (3) egress Q.18. I. I become flushed and flustered and I start to
_________ nonsensically like the village idiot.
(4) valve (5) adopt
II. Everyone looked over, stared at Carmen and then
Q.13. Around 28 per cent of working women in India are
proceeded to _________ their introductions as
not satisfied with their salary as ______ to 22 per
the lift ascended.
cent men, according to a study by Michael Page
India. A. mumble B. maffle C. flutter
(1) correlated (2) relating (1) Both A and B (2) Only B
(3) compared (4) bordered (3) Both B and C (4) Only C
(5) check (5) All of the above.

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Q.19. I. The food basket was stuffed with __________ Q.23. I. It is a terrible ________ on those in charge that
meat pies, potato salad and a wonderful deep- this poor man and his family suffered so much
dish apple pie for dessert. for so long.
II. Those events are to the season what a _________ II. Growing levels of pollution is a ________ of a
appetizer and luscious dessert are to a fine meal. serious health hazard to the local population.
A. insipid B. savoury C. piquant A. indictment B. assertion C. represent
(1) Both A and B (1) Only A (2) Only B
(2) Only B (3) Both A and C (4) Both B and C
(3) Only C (5) Only C
(4) Both B and C Q.24-28. Pick out the most effective pair of words from
the given options to fill in the blanks to make the
(5) All of the above.
sentence meaningful.
Q.20-23. In each of the following questions, two sentences
(IBPS CLERK MAINS - 2022)
with a blank in each are given with three words
(A), (B) and (C). Choose the most suitable word(s) Q.24. The state harms its moral __________ by misusing
which can be filled in the given sentences. sedition to incriminate dissidents and order peppered
with ___________ observations also offers good
(SBI PO PRE - 2021)
reasons to junk sedition laws.
Q.20. I. Inflation here has been ____________, the
(1) Authority, insightful (2) Unique, infiltrate
charge for admission having increased sixty-fold
since I was a lad. (3) Plight, frenzy (4) Covert, sloth
II. The principle of allowing the individual (5) Plunder, florid
expression of sentiment had allowed the Q.25. Citizens are _________ keepers of government
_________ expression of poor taste. in any __________ nation and they cannot be put
A. strength B. rampant C. stagnant behind bars simply because they choose to disagree
with state policies.
(1) Only A (2) Only B
(1) Scanty, lavish
(3) Both A and B (4) Both B and C
(2) Thriving, saucy
(5) Only C
(3) Undaunted, timid
Q.21. I. When punishment of children is necessary, it
(4) Conscience, democratic
can be based on reciprocity rather than ______.
(5) Oppress, placid
II. The young woman put on some ______ music,
and sat down with a glass of medicine to relax Q.26. Taxes are the primary reason for the record highs
her ill husband. in the ________ price of petrol and diesel, which
have already __________ the Rs 100 per litre mark
A. evanescent B. expiation C. soothing
in some parts of India.
(1) Only A
(1) Despise, exalt
(2) Only B (2) Retail, breached
(3) Both A and B (3) Undulate, vanity
(4) Both B and C (4) Tedious, lively
(5) Only C (5) Boisterous, clumsy
Q.22. I. The electricians were ____________ so that all Q.27. Experts are suggesting a ________ walk-in process
electrical appliances could be in perfect order. using Aadhaar to __________ identity and age, take
II. Parents can be __________ of the presence and the jab, followed by a 30-minute wait at the site
severity of ankyloglossia and made aware of before leaving.
potential feeding, speech, and dental problems. (1) Degraded, oscillate
A. apprised B. dilemma C. adored (2) Prowess, civil
(1) Only A (2) Only B (3) Simpler, authenticate
(3) Both A and B (4) Both B and C (4) Valour, rancour
(5) Only C (5) Audacity, temperate
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Q.28. It’s worth recalling the pandemic’s early months Q.31. (A) The unpredictable, _________nature of storms
when mass testing was severely ___________ on an open coast presumably render exposed shores
by excessive regulation that __________ only unstable in this respect.
symptomatic testing and even doctor’s prescriptions (B) Perhaps it means that low-key, ________
for testing. participation, which is the norm for most displays
(1) Meek, vagrant (2) Usurp, coup of citizenship, is not enough?
(3) Decorous, amity (4) Encroach, slovenly (1) Dissimilar (2) Infectious
(5) Curtailed, mandated (3) Sporadic (4) Horrible
Q.29-33.In each of the following questions, two sentences (5) None of the above
with a blank in each have been given. Choose the Q.32. (A) His _______ employer was unwilling to give
word that can be filled in both the sentences to him a raise in this COVID-19 scenario.
make them meaningful.
(B) When we gave it a _______ 52% in Issue 79, our
(RRB PO MAINS - 2021) main bone of contention was that it was ridiculously
Q.29. (A) The fishermen were _______ a direct course for overpriced.
Koepang. (1) Tight-fisted (2) Ambit
(B) The teenager was actually _______ the car with (3) Accord (4) Blazed
his feet when he went by.
(5) None of the above
(1) Steering (2) Conducting
Q.33. (A) Those who _______ to the principles of kindness
(3) Canvassing (4) Playing have right attitudes, and true to their deeds and
(5) None of the above discharge their duties with responsibility are loved
Q.30. (A) After ten years her __________ disappearance by people.
was still unexplained. (B) We will ________ to strict business ethics, with
(B) And there was the _________ membership card none of the cold calling that has given the industry
for the Caravan Club of Great Britain. such a bad name.
(1) Mystifying (2) Magical (1) Follow (2) Obtain
(3) Unknown (4) Suspense (3) Adhere (4) Stagnant
(5) None of the above (5) None of the above

PREVIOUS YEAR PAPER ANSWERS

(BASED ON MEMORY)
Q.1.(1) Rescind (v) – revoke, cancel Edifice (n) - a system that has been established
For other options-: for a long time
Respite (n) - a short period of rest or relief from Emanate (v) – emerge
something difficult or unpleasant. Q.4.(3) Fiasco (n) - a complete failure, especially a ludi-
Ramify (v) - to spread and develop many parts or crous or humiliating one.
branches For other options-: Docile (adj.) - ready to accept
Articulate (v)- pronounce (something) clearly and control or instruction
distinctly.
Retention (n) - the continued possession, use, or
Q.2.(4) Onerous (adj.) - involving a great deal of effort,
control of something.
trouble, or difficulty.
For other options- : Onus (n) - something that is Q.5.(2) Buttress (n) - to make support for an idea or argu-
one’s duty or responsibility. ment stronger by providing a good reason for it
Spectacular (adj.) - beautiful in a dramatic and For other options-:
eye-catching way. Stultification (n) - Cause to lose enthusiasm and
Veracious (adj.) - speaking or representing the initiative
truth. Absolve (v) - declare (someone) free from guilt,
Q.3.(2) Adjunct (n) - a thing added to something else as obligation, or punishment.
a supplementary rather than an essential part. Emancipation (n) - the freeing of someone from
For other options- slavery

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Q.6.(2) Entail (n) – involve (something) as a necessary or Q.13.(3) For Other Options :
inevitable part or consequence. Correlated (v)- have a mutual relationship or con-
Clampdown (n) – a concerted or harsh attempt to nection, in which one thing affects or depends on
suppress something. another.
For other options- Q.14.(5) For Other Options :
Impart (v) – make (information) known. Booster (n)– promoter
Upturn (v) – turn (something) upwards or upside Endorse (v)– take responsibility of
down. Q.15.(3) Lisp (n) – a speech defect in which s is pronounced
Slump (n) – a sudden severe or prolonged fall in like th in thick and z is pronounced like th in this.
the price, value, or amount of something. For other options–
Q.7.(2) Retribution (n) – punishment inflicted on someone Hasp (n) – a slotted hinged metal plate.
as vengeance for a wrong or criminal act. Rake (n) – an implement consisting of a pole with
Ghastly (adj.) – causing great horror or fear. a toothed crossbar.
For other options- Q.16.(3) Dwelling (n) – a house, flat, or other place of
Assertion (n) – a confident and forceful statement residence.
of fact or belief. For other options–
Perturb (v) – make (someone) anxious or unsettled. Quisling (n) – a traitor who collaborates with an
Assess (v) – evaluate or estimate the nature, ability, enemy force occupying their country.
or quality of. Starling (n) – a gregarious Old World songbird
Note: grist to the mill — useful experience, mate- with a straight bill.
rial, or knowledge. Q.17.(2) Devour (v) – eat (food or prey) hungrily or quickly.
Q.8.(4) Inclusive (adj.) – including all the services or items For other options–
normally expected or required. Regurgitate (v) - bring (swallowed food) up again
Debilitate (v) – make (someone) very weak and to the mouth.
infirm. Waive (v) – refrain from insisting on or using (a
For other options- right or claim).
Pertain (v) – be appropriate, related, or applicable Q.18.(1) Mumble (v) – say something indistinctly and
to. quietly, making it difficult for others to hear.
Exclusive (adj.) – excluding or not admitting other Maffle (v) - speak indistinctly; mumble.
things. For other options–
Deter (v) – discourage. Flutter (v) - (of a bird or other winged creature) fly
Q.9.(5) Unwary (adj.) – not cautious of possible dangers unsteadily or hover by flapping the wings quickly
or problems; incautious. and lightly.
Intimate (v) – state or make known. Q.19.(4) Savoury (adj.) – (of food) belonging to the cat-
For other options- egory that is salty or spicy rather than sweet.
Prudent (adj.) – acting with or showing care and Piquant (adj.) - having a pleasantly sharp taste or
thought for the future. appetizing flavour.
Entreat (v) – ask someone earnestly or anxiously For other options–
to do something. Insipid (adj.) – tasteless.
Incautious (adj.) – careless. Q.20.(2) Rampant (adj.)- (especially of something unwel-
Q.10.(1) For Other Options : come) flourishing or spreading unchecked.
Mammoth (adj.)– a hugepre-historic elephant, For other options-
very large. Stagnant (n)- showing no activity; dull and slug-
Teeny (adj.): Tiny gish.
Dwarf (n): a very short person. Q.21.(4) In I: Expiation (n)- the act of making amends or
Q.11.(4) For Other Options : reparation for guilt or wrongdoing; atonement.
Toast (v)– to enjoy a lavish lunch In II: Soothing
Promise (n)– a pledge For other options-
Q.12.(2) Tap (v): draw, extract but here there is a sense of Evanescent (adj.)- soon passing out of sight, mem-
‘attract’. ory, or existence; quickly fading or disappearing.
For Other Options : Q.22.(1) Apprise (v)- inform or tell (someone).
Adopt (n)– choose to take up, follow, or use. For other options-
Valve (v)– an opening. Dilemma (n)- a difficult situation or problem.
Egress (v): go out of or leave (a place). Adore (v)- love and respect (someone) deeply.
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Q.23.(3) In I: Indictment (n)- a formal charge or accusation Q.27.(3) Authenticate (v) - prove or show (something) to
of a serious crime. be true, genuine, or valid.
In II: Representation (n)- the description or por- For other options-
trayal of someone or something in a particular Oscillate (v) - move or swing back and forth in a
way. regular rhythm.
Q.24.(1) Authority (n) - the power or right to give orders, Prowess (n) - skill or expertise in a particular
make decisions, and enforce obedience. activity or field.
Insightful (adj.) - good and useful Valour (n) - great courage in the face of danger,
For other options- especially in battle.
Infiltrate (v) - enter or gain access to (an organiza- Rancour (n) - bitterness or resentfulness.
tion, place, etc.) Audacity (n) - a willingness to take bold risks.
Plight (n) - a dangerous, difficult, or otherwise Temperate (n) - showing moderation or self-
unfortunate situation. restraint.
Frenzy (n) - a state or period of uncontrolled Q.28.(5) Curtail (v) - restrict.
excitement or wild behaviour. Mandate (v) - made compulsory.
Covert (adj.) - not openly acknowledged or dis- For other options-
played. Meek (adj.) - quiet, gentle, and easily imposed on.
Plunder (n) - the violent and dishonest acquisition Vagrant (n) - a person without a settled home or
of property. regular work who wanders from place to place
Florid (adj.) - excessively intricate or elaborate. and lives by begging.
Q.25.(4) Conscience (n) - moral sense Usurp take (a position of power or importance)
Democratic (adj.) - where people have the rights illegally or by force.
to speak Coup (n) - a sudden, violent, and illegal seizure
For other options- of power from a government.
Scanty (adj.) - small or insufficient in quantity or Decorous (adj.) - polite and restrained.
amount. Amity (n) - friendly relations.
Lavish (adj.) - sumptuously rich, elaborate, or Encroach (v) - intrude on (a person’s territory,
luxurious. rights, personal life, etc.).
Thrive (v) - flourish. Slovenly (adj.) - (especially of a person or their
Saucy (adj.) - cheeky or impertinent. appearance) untidy and dirty.
Undaunted (adj.) - not intimidated or discouraged Q.29.(1) In sentence A, Steer (v) - follow (a course) in a
by difficulty/danger. specified direction.
Timid (adj.) - easily frightened. In sentence B, Steer (v) - to drive.
Oppress (v) - keep (someone) in subjection and For other options-
hardship. Canvass (v) - propose (an idea or plan) for discus-
Placid (adj.) - not easily upset or excited. sion.
Q.26.(2) Retail (adj.) - the sale of goods to the public in Q.30.(1) Mystifying (adj.) - utterly bewildering or perplex-
relatively small quantities for use or consumption ing.
rather than for resale. Q.31.(3) Sporadic (adj.) - occurring at irregular intervals
Breach (v) - make a gap in and break through (a or only in a few places.
wall, barrier, or defence). For other options-
For other options- Dissimilar (adj.) - not the same; different.
Despise (v) - feel contempt or a deep repugnance for. Infectious (adj.) - likely to spread or influence
Exalt (v) - think or speak very highly of (someone others in a rapid manner.
or something). Q.32.(1) Tight-fisted (adj.) - not willing to spend or give
Undulate (v) - move or go with a smooth up-and- much money; miserly.
down motion. For other options-
Vanity (n) - excessive pride in or admiration of Ambit (adj.) - the scope, extent, or bounds of
one’s own appearance or achievements. something.
Tedious (adj.) - too long, slow, or dull; tiresome Blaze (v) - burn fiercely or brightly.
or monotonous. Q.33.(3) Adhere (v) - believe in and follow the practices
Boisterous (adj.) - noisy, energetic, and cheerful. of.

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CHAPTER
PHRASE
17
REPLACEMENT
Sentence correction questions are designed to test a (4) Do not worry about spelling or capitalization errors.
candidate’s ability to identify written English that is The test writers do not test for these two errors.
grammatically-correct. Each question will begin with
sentences, parts of which have been underlined. You will (5) Before you select your answer, re-read the whole
then be presented with 5 different answer choices presenting sentence. Check to make sure the meaning is
alternative ways of stating the underlined portion of the text. unambiguous and that it’s clear, despite its length.
The correct answer will have all of the following 3 (6) Read the entire sentence the second time, inserting
characteristics: your selected answer choice. We have found this to be
a very powerful tip for dealing with sentence correction
1. No grammatical mistakes questions. It can keep you away from making careless
2. Correct sentence structure mistakes that would harm your score.
3. The meaning of the sentence should not change. (7) Don’t forget about the logic of the sentence.
The strategies that can be used to attempt these When down to those last two options, plug each one
questions are :- back into the sentence and see which one makes more
(1) Look out for multiple errors:- sense. Check for clear and logical modification.

A sentence might contain more than one error. A Grammar Tested on Sentence Correction
common fallacy that test-takers fall into is to find one There are several grammatical areas that come up
error and then quickly choose the answer that corrects frequently on Sentence Correction items:
that mistake, without considering whether there are other ##verb/tenses
errors in the sentence that an alternative answer choice
might also address. ##subject/verb agreement
(2) Look out the error in the underlined text only and ##modifiers
always start with the Subject/Verb. (Note:-Modifiers are words, phrase, or clauses that
Do begin by identifying the main subject and the provide description in sentences. Modifiers, breathe life
predicate verb. The subject is the noun that is doing the into sentences and can be adjective, adjective clauses,
action of the sentence. It may not always be the first adverbs, adverb clauses, infinitive phrases, participle
noun you see in the sentence. The predicate verb is the phrases and prepositional phrases .)
main action of the sentence that is being done by the ##comparisons .
subject. There could be many verbs in the sentence, so
##pronoun usage
don’t be fooled!
##idioms
(3) Employ process of elimination wherever possible.
##clarity
The easiest way to use process of elimination in sentence
correction questions is simply to eliminate any answer The last two aren't really rules, and they can be the most
choice that is itself grammatically incorrect. A candidate complicated. For that reason, they should be among your
can also eliminate any choice that alters the intended last priorities.
meaning of the sentence.
Keep Practicing & Keep Learning

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exercise LEVEL - 1
Ministerial meet should serving as a forum
EXERCISE- 1
for reflection rather than to shape substantive
In each of the following questions, a phrase is bold in agreements.
the sentence and you have to choose the option among
(A) serve as a forum for reflect rather than
(A), (B) and (C) whichever is most appropriate for the
sentence given below. (B) serve as a forum for reflection rather then
Q.1. Having completed the physical examination, the (C) serve as a forum for reflection rather than
tonsils were found to been diseased. (1) Only (A) (2) Only (B)
(A) the tonsils were found to be diseased (3) Only (C) (4) None of the above
(B) a tonsils, were finding to disease (5) No correction required
(C) the tonsils were finding to being diseased Q.6. If your non-verbal behaviour is timid and weak, even
the strongest performance review may not translate
(1) Only A (2) Both A and C
be into a promotion.
(3) Only B (4) Both A and B
(5) None of them (A) may not translating into
Q.2. All rounders in any cricket team, in actuality, these (B) may not translate into
are normally difficult to discover. (C) may not be translate into
(A) them are normally (B) are normal (1) Only (A) (2) Only (B)
(C) are normally (3) Only (C) (4) None of the above
(5) No correction required
(1) Only A (2) Both A and C
(3) Only C (4) Both A and B Q.7. Since there is a lot of awkwardness around disability,
(5) None of them people from the mainstream community have
developed terminology to make it more comfortable
Q.3. In the attempt to destroy them with
for them.
completeness, the Indian team has launched the
coordinated attack on the opposing team. (A) to made them more comfortable for them
(A) In the attempt to destroy them with (B) to make it more comfort for them
complete (C) to make it more comfortable for it
(B) In attempting to destroying them completely (1) Only (A) (2) Only (B)
(C) In an attempt to destroy them completely (3) Only (C) (4) None of the above
(1) Only A (2) Both A and C (5) No correction required
(3) Only C (4) Both A and B Q.8. The media hype around companies that publicize
(5) None of them its initiatives makes it seem like there is a lot
Q.4. The response to the challenge is to make the gains happening. But we have barely made a dent.
of globalisation more visible and its transient (A) publicizes their initiative makes
downsides politically less painful. Trade leaders
gathered in Buenos Aires can ill-afford to lose sight (B) publicize their initiatives makes
of this imperative. (C) publicize their initiatives make
(A) their transient downsides politically less (1) Only (A) (2) Only (B)
(B) their transient downsides political less (3) Only (C) (4) None of the above
(C) its transient downsides political less (5) No correction required

(1) Only (A) (2) Only (B) Q.9. Product teams come together at the beginning and
end of every week, to jointly outline and reflect on
(3) Only (C) (4) None of the above the week’s goals and challenges.
(5) No correction required
(A) come together on the beginning and
Q.5. Lending credence to such scepticism is the
lukewarm stance the U.S. has adopted towards (B) come together at the begin and
the WTO over the past year, suggesting that the (C) come togetherness at the beginning and

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(1) Only (A) (2) Only (B) Q.1. Among his many good qualities, that I remember
(3) Only (C) (4) None of the above is his honesty
(5) No correction required (1) All of his (2) Some of the
Q.10. It’s important to have the body language of a (3) only of his (4) one of his
winner—and you can practise it, though it tend to (5) No correction required
be innate rather than a learned gesture. Q.2. The organization has agreed to shift the conference
(A) it tends to be innate rather at some place convenience to all participants
(B) it tends to being innate rather (1) any of the place convenient
(C) it tend to be innate whether (2) at places convenient
(1) Only (A) (2) Only (B) (3) from a place of convenience
(3) Only (C) (4) None of the above
(4) to a place convenient
(5) No correction required
(5) No correction required
Q.11. The study found that when blind athletes won, they
would raise their hands to the sky in the classic Q.3. As compared to last year there has been a sharp rise
expression of pride. in interest rates.
(A) they would raising their hands (1) sharper rise of (2) as sharp as rise
(B) they would raise its hands (3) sharp rises in (4) sharply rising
(C) they would be raise their hands (5) No correction required.
(1) Only (A) (2) Only (B) Q.4. A twenty first century economy cannot be helding
(3) Only (C) (4) None of the above hostage by power cuts nor travel on nineteenth
(5) No correction required century roads.
Q.12. Notable among the proposals trade ministers will (1) could not be held (2) cannot be held
be consider are those relating to new rules on (3) would not held (4) can neither be held
farm subsidies, the elimination of support for
unsustainable fisheries, and the regulation of (5) No correction required
e-commerce. Q.5. When you returned to branch office you must enter
(A) will consider are those relating to new all the relevant details in the ledger stored in this
cupboard
(B) will considering are those relating to new
(1) return (2) returning
(C) will consider are them relates to new
(3) on returning (4) while returning
(1) Only (A) (2) Only (B)
(3) Only (C) (4) None of the above (5) No correction required
(5) No correction required Q.6. He listened to my objections patiently and then
Q.13. The two countries see the news as a prerequisite to explained which he had taken such step.
address the prevailing imbalance in the Agreement (1) how he had took (2) why he had taken
on Agriculture, which unfairly benefits developed
(3) what he had taken (4) why he has taken
countries.
(5) No correction required
(A) which unfair benefits developed countries
(B) which unfairly benefit developed countries EXERCISE- 3
(C) which unfairly benefits developed country In each of the following questions, choose the correct
phrase from the options below in order to replace the
(1) Only (A) (2) Only (B)
highlighted phrase. If ‘No correction’ is required choose
(3) Only (C) (4) None of the above
(5) as the answer.
(5) No correction required
Q.1. He is in judicial custody in connection to a multi-
EXERCISE- 2 crore scam.
In each of the following questions, choose the correct (1) on connection at
phrase from the options below in order to replace the
highlighted phrase. If ‘No correction’ is required choose (2) In connection with
(5) as the answer. (3) into connection around

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(4) around connection for (4) assessed upto be
(5) No correction required (5) No correction required
Q.2. It prompted the bench of judges to sought for there Q.9. It was fascinating seeing that how classes could
classification from CBI. form without anyone organizing anything.
(1) Seek further (2) Sought further (1) seeing how that (2) for seeing when
(3) Seeks far (4) Seek farther (3) on see that (4) to see that
(5) No correction required.
(5) No correction required
Q.10. The RBI is doing the correct thing by asking the
Q.3. India needs to plan to safeguarded the environment. banks to fund the self-help groups directly.
(1) Safeguard the environmental (1) was doing (2) have doing
(2) Safeguard's the environment (3) is done (4) has done
(5) No correction required.
(3) Safeguard the environment
(4) Safeguarding the environment EXERCISE- 4
(5) No correction required Q.1-10. In each of the following questions, choose the
correct phrase from the options below in order to
Q.4. He has been given the honorary title lastly held by replace the highlighted phrase. If ‘No correction’
his father. is required choose (5) as the answer.
(1) recent holding (2) one held Q.1. They can joint hands with builders who are
(3) recently hold (4) last held developing residential properties.
(5) No correction required
(1) joined hands to (2) join hands
Q.5. All eight-men were sentenced to rigorous
imprisonment. (3) join hands with (4) joining hands along
(1) For rigorously imprision (5) No correction required
(2) At rigorous imprisonment Q.2. Nothing was charged for those who took part in the
event.
(3) About rigorous imprision
(1) take part of (2) taken parts with
(4) With rigorously imprisonment
(3) takes parted with (4) took part into
(5) No correction required
(5) No correction required
Q.6. There was a total failure of the administration to
acted on time. Q.3. More people will become keen too opt for a home
loan.
(1) Act in time (2) Acts on timely
(1) keen to opt (2) keen of opt
(3) Act on time (4) Acted within time
(5) No correction required (3) keen at opting (4) keen by opted
Q.7. He has a collection of photographs captures the (5) No correction required
essence of Bhutan. Q.4. The story revolves round two small town girls.
(1) Essential capture (1) revolve circling (2) revolved about
(2) Capturing the essence (3) revolve under (4) revolves around
(3) Captures essence (5) No correction required
(4) Captured the essence Q.5. The player was find guilty of match fixing.
(5) No correction required (1) finds guilty (2) find guilt
Q.8. His IQ was assessed to become the highest among (3) found guilty (4) found guilt
his fellow students.
(5) No correction required
(1) assessed to becomes
Q.6. If the present trend continues the cost of a good
(2) assessed to becoming personal computer system even can be lower from
(3) assessed to became Rs. 10,000 soon.

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(1) Can be lowest up to Rs. 10,000 soon.
EXERCISE- 5
(2) Can be as low as Rs. 10,000 soon In each of the following questions, choose the correct
(3) Could be lower to Rs. 10,000 immediately phrase from the options below in order to replace the
(4) Will be as lower as Rs. 10,000 soon highlighted phrase. If ‘No correction’ is required choose
(5) as the answer.
(5) No correction required
Q.1. Solar energy is been used to provide light to people.
Q.7. Other countries eradicated this disease ten years
(1) have being used to (2) be used to
ago.
(3) being used to (4) be using to
(1) have eradicated (2) will eradicate
(5) No correction required
(3) had eradicated (4) will be eradicated
Q.2. Two more projects will be taking up by the
(5) No correction required government soon.
Q.8. Resolutions must be introducing quickly to repeal (1) took up (2) takes up
the outdated laws. (3) take up (4) taken up
(1) Be introducing to quick repeal (5) No correction required
(2) have to be introduced to quick repealing. Q.3. CBDT had expanded its investigative branch too
(3) Be quickly introduced to repeal. deal with the flood of information coming form
foreign countries.
(4) Be quick introducing to repeal
(1) to deal with (2) to dealt with
(5) No correction required (3) had deals with (4) have deal with
Q.9. Though his actions were severe criticism, he didn't (5) No correction required
lose his temper.
Q.4. India shot down a petrol plane belong to Pakistan
(1) were severely criticised Navy.
(2) were at severely criticising (1) petrol plane belong
(3) Had severely criticised (2) patrol plane belonging
(4) Had severe criticised (3) patrol planes belonging
(5) No correction required (4) petrol plane belonged
(5) No correction required
Q.10. She always behaves as if she has not care at all
about my feelings. Q.5. More policemen will be deployed for the security
of the foreign minister.
(1) As though she will not
(1) will have deploy
(2) As if she did not
(2) have deployment
(3) As far as she doesn't (3) will be deploy
(4) Like if she does not (4) will have deployed
(5) No correction required (5) No correction required
EXPLANATION LEVEL - 1
Q.10.(1)
EXERCISE 1
Q.11.(5)
Q.1.(1)
Q.12.(1)
Q.2.(3) All rounders take pronoun ‘they’.
Q.13.(5)
Q.3.(3) Attempt should be preceded by a vowel.
Q.4.(5)
EXERCISE 2
Q.1.(4) one of his because in this sentence we are talking
Q.5.(3)
about only one quality from many.
Q.6.(2) Q.2.(4) to a place convenient
Q.7.(5) Q.3.(5) No correction required
Q.8.(2) Q.4.(4) can neither be held as neither is followed by nor.
Q.9.(5) It’s a case of conjunction

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Q.5.(3) on returning Q.2.(5) No correction required
Q.6.(2) why he had taken Q.3.(1) keen + to +verb1st form
EXERCISE 3 Q.4.(4) It should be “revolves around”
Q.1.(2) In connection with is the suitable phrasal Q.5.(3) found - was + verb 3rd form in passive voice.
preposition. Q.6.(2) Can be lowered from Rs. 10,000 soon. Should be
Q.2.(1) Sought for there should be replaced with seek replaced with can be as low as Rs. 10,000 soon.
further that means to look further. Q.7.(5) No correction required.
Q.3.(3) Safeguard the environment as ‘to’ always accepts
Q.8.(3) be+adverb+3rd form of verb + infinitive should be
the first form of verb so 3rd option.
used.
Q.4.(4) Lastly held should be replaced with last held.
Q.9.(1) were + adverb+verb 3rd form should be used.
Q.5.(5) To rigourous imprisonment- No correction
Q.10.(2) 'has' will be replace by 'did'
required.
Q.6.(3) Act on time will be correct EXERCISE 5
Q.7.(2) Capturing the essence should be the correct. Q.1.(3) is should be replaced with is being used to.
Q.8.(5) No correction required Q.2.(4) will always accepts future tense so it is ‘be taken
Q.9.(4) Seeing that should be replaced by to see that. up’
Q.10.(4) Use 'has done'. Q.3.(1) 'to' will replace 'too' as it expresses purpose
Q.4.(2) it should be patrol plane belonging.
EXERCISE 4
Q.1.(3) Join hands with should be used. Q.5.(5) No correction required.

exercise LEVEL - 2
between India and Pakistan has to be predicated
EXERCISE- 1
on Islamabad genuine moves (B)
Q.1-5. In each of the following questions, two sentences
(5) No correction required.
with a highlighted part in each are given. You
have to choose the option which consists of the Q.2. I. Even as the monetisation of railway assets goes
correct phrases to replace the highlighted parts. on, it’s important to simultaneously put in place
If the highlighted parts are already correct, a regulatory (A) to ensure smooth functioning.
choose option (5). II. The current push for expand and upgrade
infrastructure is important to improve
Q.1. I. Joe Biden administration in the US, in an attempt
(B) India’s competitiveness.
to curry favour with Washington to hedge against
Beijing’s growing influence (A) in Pakistan. (1) it important to simultaneously put in place a
regulator(A)/ to expand and upgrade infrastructure
II. Any rapprochement between India and Pakistan
are important to improve (B)
has to be predicated on Islamabad’s genuine moves
(B) to dismantle the terror infrastructure on its soil. (2) it’s important to simultaneously put in place a
regulator(A)/ to expand and upgrade infrastructure
(1) in an attempt to currying favour with Washington
is important to improve (B)
to hedge against Beijing’s growing influence(A)/
between India’s and Pakistan’s has to be predicated (3) it’s important to simultaneously putting in
on Islamabad’s genuine moves (B) place a regulator(A)/ to expand along to upgrade
infrastructure is important to improve (B)
(2) in a attempt to curry favour with Washington
to hedge against Beijing’s growing influence(A)/ (4) it’s important to simultaneously put in
between India and Pakistan have to be predicated place a regulating(A)/ to expand and upgrading
on Islamabad’s genuine moves (B) infrastructure is important to improve (B)
(3) in an attempt to curry favour to Washington (5) No correction required
to hedge against Beijing’s growing influence(A)/ Q.3. I. The only way to insulate asset monetisation
among India and Pakistan has to be predicated on programme is to create a transparent institution
Islamabad’s genuine moves (B) mechanism. (A)
(4) in an attempt to curry favour with Washington II. Key to the plan’s success is that of some ongoing
to hedge for Beijing’s growing influence(A)/ monetisation projects, such as the redevelopment
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of key railway stations on Mumbai and Delhi
EXERCISE- 2
(B) which began last year.
Q.6-10. In each of the following questions, a sentence
(1) is to create a transparent institutional is given with two highlighted parts i.e. (a)
mechanism.(A)/ such as the redevelopment of key & (b), and the options are suggested against
railway stations in Mumbai and Delhi (B). them respectively, choose the appropriate
(2) is to create transparent institutioned option from the alternatives suggested below
mechanism.(A)/ such as redevelopment of key which can make the sentence grammatically
railway stations in Mumbai and Delhi (B) correct. If the given sentence is already correct
(3) is to create a transparent institutionals and requires no change, choose option (5) i.e.
mechanism.(A)/ such as the redevelopments of No correction required.
key railway stations in Mumbai and Delhi (B) Q.6. The villagers (a) after a series of meetings
(4) is to create a transparenting institutional decided to take their own initiative and
mechanism.(A)/ such as the redevelopment of key adopted ‘Integrated Water Resource Management’
railway stations in Mumbai but Delhi (B) for (b) improving the groundwater level
of the village and for successful implementation
(5) No correction required of water supply scheme in the near future.
Q.4. I. A highlight of finance minister Budget speech (1) a. after a series of meeting decided to take their
was setting out the government’s intent to own initiative and adopted
develop infrastructure.(A)
b. improvement the groundwater level of the
II. Monetising functioning public infrastructure village and for successfully
is a way to generate more funds (B) by drawing (2) a. after a series of meetings decide to take their
in private sector participation. own initiative and adopted
(1) the government intent to develop infrastructure. b. improving the groundwater level of the village
(A)/ public infrastructure are a way to generate and to successful
more funds (B) (3) a. as a series of meetings decided to take their
(2) the government’s intent to developing own initiative and adopted
infrastructure.(A)/ public infrastructure is a ways b. improved the groundwater level of the village
to generate more funds (B) and for successful
(3) the government intent to develop infrastructures. (4) a. after a series of meetings decided taking
(A)/ public infrastructure is a way to generating their own initiative and adopted
more funds (B) b. improving the groundwater level of the village
(4) government’s intent to develop infrastructure. and for successfully
(A)/ public infrastructured is a way to generate (5) No correction required.
more funds (B) Q.7. For children belonging to habitations with
(5) No correction required. extreme LWE activities, (a) educational
Q.5. I. It is China’s economy which has positioned it facilities were relocating to District
to seeks parity (A) with the United States. headquarters, as this would cut off the
resource (b) for further the cadre of Maoist
II. And that would entail resisting populist
activists who have been known to recruit school
pressures so making reforms (B) palatable to the
kids in their cadre.
population.
(1) a. educational facilities were relocated with
(1) which have positioned it to seek parity(A)/ District headquarters,
populist pressures but making reforms (B)
b. for furthering the cadre of Maoist activists who
(2) who has positioned it to seek parity(A)/ have known
populist pressure and making reforms (B)
(2) a. educational facilities were relocated to
(3) that has positioned it to seek parity(A)/ populist District headquarters,
pressures and making reform (B) b. for furthering the cadre of Maoist activists who
(4) which has positioned it to seek parity(A)/ have been known.
populist pressures and making reforms (B) (3) a. educational facilities were relocating to
(5) No correction required District headquarters,

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b. for furthering the cadre of Maoist activists who water bottles but the government is considering
have been knowing b. meaning that tourists will be needed to get their
(4) a. educational facilities which were relocated drinking water from filters
to District headquarters, (5) No correction required
b. for further the cadre of Maoist activists who Q.10. Any Indian Citizen who has (a) business plan
have known for a non-farm sector income generating
(5) No correction required activity such as manufacturing, processing, trading
Q.8. (a) Forestry as a sector plays a vital role in or service sector and whose credit need is less
the socio-economy and rural development of a than Rs. 10 lakh (b) can approach either a Bank
country apart from (b) it’s role to maintaining or NBFC to availing loans.
ecological stability particularly in a (1) a. a business plan for a non-farm sector income
developing country like India. generation activity.
(1) a. A Forestry is a sector plays a vital role in the b. can either approach a Bank or NBFC for avail
socio-economic loans.
b. It’s role in maintaining ecological stability (2) a. a business plan for a non-farm sector income
particularly in a developing generating activity
(2) a. Forestry as sector play a vital role in the b. can approach either a Bank or NBFC for
socio-economic availing loans
b. its role in maintaining ecological stability (3) a. a business plans for a non-farm sector
particularly in a development income generating activity.
(3) a. A Forestry as a sector plays a vital role in the b. could approach either a Bank or NBFC for
socio-economical availing loans.
b. It’s role in maintaining ecological stability (4) a. a business plan for a non-farm sector income
particular in a development generating activities.
(4) a. Forestry as a sector plays a vital role in the b. either can approach a Bank or NBFC to availing
socio-economic loans.
b. its role in maintaining ecological stability (5) No correction required.
particularly in a developing.
EXERCISE- 3
(5) No correction required
Q.11-15. In each of the following questions, a long
Q.9. With the large number of tourists visiting sentence is written five times, you have to choose
Sikkim,(a) it is a challenging to control the use the sentence which is grammatically correct.
of plastic water bottles but the government
Q.11. (1) The construction and infrastructure sector are
is considered banning plastic bottles in
gradually recovering from the aftermath of Covid.
the entire state, (b) meaning that tourists would
need to get his drinking water from filters in (2) The construction and infrastructure sector are
hotels, restaurants and public places. gradually recovery from the aftermath of Covid.
(1) a. it is challenging to control the using of plastic (3) The construction and infrastructure sector is
water bottles but the government is considering gradually recovering of the aftermath of Covid.
b. meaning that tourists will need to get their (4) The construction and infrastructure sector
drinking water with filters are gradually recovering from the aftermaths of
Covid.
(2) a. it is a challenging to control the use of plastic
water bottles but the government is considered (5) The construction and infrastructure sector is
gradually recovering from the aftermath of Covid.
b. meaning that tourists would need to get their
drinking water from filters Q.12. (1) Regions that lie along India’s west coast and
those adjoining the river deltas on the east coast
(3) a. it is challenging to control the use of plastic
are known to be between the most vulnerable
water bottles but the government is considering.
areas.
b. meaning that tourists will need to get their
(2) Regions that lie along India’s west coast and those
drinking water from filters.
adjoining the river deltas on the east coast are known
(4) a. it is challenging to control the use of plastic to be among the most vulnerable areas
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(3) Regions that lie about India’s west coast and (2) The salient features of the new policy includes
those adjoining the river deltas on the east coast the reduction of the radiation limits and the
are known to be amongst the most vulnerable classification of areas, according to the density of
areas population.
(4) Regions that lie along India’s west coast and that (3) The salient features of the new policy include
adjoining the river deltas on the east coast are the reducing of the radiation limits and the
known to be amongst the most vulnerable areas. classification of areas, according to the density of
(5) Regions that lie along India’s west coast and population.
those adjoining the river deltas on the east coast (4) The silent features of the new policy include
are knowing to be amongst the most vulnerable the reduction of the radiation limits and the
areas. classification of areas, according to the density of
Q.13. (1) For the setting up of strategic projects, for population.
defence and public utilities, even the most (5) The salient features of the new policy include
ecologically critical areas have not been excluded. the reduction of the radiation limits and the
(2) For the setting up of strategic projects, for classification of area, according to the density of
defence and public utilities, even the most population.
ecologically critical areas have not excluded Q.15. (1) At a month-on-month basis, new investments
(3) For the setting up of strategic projects, for in infrastructure sector are still down by around
defence and public utilities, even the most 43%.
ecological critical areas have not been excluded (2) On a month-on-monthly basis, new investments
(4) For the setting of strategic projects, for defence in infrastructure sector are still down by around
and public utilities, even the most ecologically 43%.
critical areas have not been excluded (3) On a month-on-month basis, new investments
(5) For the setting up of strategic projects, for in infrastructure sector is still down by around
defence and public utilities, even most ecologically 43%.
critical areas have not been excluded (4) On a month-on-month basis, new investments
Q.14. (1) The salient features of the new policy include in infrastructure sector are still down by around
the reduction of the radiation limits and the 43%
classification of areas, according to the density of (5) On a month-on-month base, new investments
population in infrastructure sector is still down by about 43%.
EXPLANATION LEVEL - 2
required) to take (infinitive is required as it is
EXERCISE- 1
a future action) their own initiative and adopted
Q.1.(5) Both the sentences are absolutely correct. ‘Integrated Water Resource Management’ for
Q.2.(2) A- Replace ‘regulatory’ with ‘regulator’ as the improving (‘for’ + V ing) the groundwater
requirement of the sentence is noun not adverb. level of the village and for successful (an adj.
B- Replace ‘for’ with ‘to’ is required before a noun) implementation of
Q.3.(1) A-replace ‘institution’ with ‘institutional’ as the water supply scheme in the near future.
requirement of the sentence is adjective not noun. Q.7.(2) For children belonging to habitations with
B-Replace ‘on’ with ‘in’ as to indicate area we extreme LWE activities, educational facilities
use the preposition ‘in’. were relocated (a passive expression is
Q.4.(5) Both the sentences are absolutely correct. required) to (‘relocate’ take ‘to’) District
headquarters, as this would cut off the resource
Q.5.(4) A-replace ‘seeks’ with ‘seek’ because the subject for furthering (‘for’ takes V ing form) the cadre
for it is plural of Maoist activists who (according to human
B-Replace ‘so’ with ‘and’ because ‘so’ is used to being) have been known (expression of ‘they
join ideas giving result are known by others’ is required) to recruit
EXERCISE- 2 school kids in their cadre.
Q.6.(5) The villagers after a series of meetings (a plural Q.8.(4) Forestry (uncountable Noun, so article can’t
form is required) decided (a past expression is be used) as a (article ‘a’ is required as it is one
sector) sector plays (singular verb is required) a
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vital role in the socio-economic (adjective of
EXERCISE- 3
economy is economic) and rural development of
a country apart from its (possessive case of it) role Q.11.(5) The construction and infrastructure sector is (will
in maintaining ecological stability particularly in be considered singular) gradually recovering
a developing (gerund is required) country like (verb after adverb) from (recover takes from)
India. the aftermath (singular form will be correct) of
Q.9.(3) With the large number of tourists visiting Sikkim, Covid.
it is challenging (it is an adj. so article can’t Q.12.(2) Regions that lie along (extending in a more or
be used before it, until a noun is attached) to less horizontal line on) India’s west coast and
control the use (a noun is required) of those (more than one region) adjoining the river
plastic water bottles but the government deltas on the east coast are known (passive case)
is considering (going on action: present to be among (used for more than two reference
continuous is correct) banning plastic bottles in points) the most vulnerable areas.
the entire state, meaning that tourists will (future Q.13.(1) For the setting up (correct phrase meaning
action is to be expressed) need (Active establish) of strategic projects, for defence and
form of future indefinite is required) to get public utilities, even the (superlative degree
their (according to ‘tourists’ a plural noun
takes definite article) most ecologically (adverb
drinking water from (only preposition ‘from’ is
for adjective) critical areas have not been
correct) filters in hotels, restaurants and public
excluded.
places.
Q.14.(1) The salient (most noticeable or important)
Q.10.(2) Any Indian Citizen who has a (article ‘a’ is
features of the new policy include (plural verb
required as talking about a plan) business plan
for non-farm sector income generating (gerund for plural noun- features) the reduction (correct
is required as per the context) activity (article noun form) of the radiation limits and the
‘a’ is given, so singular form is required) such classification of areas (classification can only be
as manufacturing, processing, trading or service done when there are multiple areas), according
sector and whose credit need is less than Rs. to the density of population.
10 lakh can (as the description is of present Q.15.(4) On (basis takes on with it) a month-on-month
time) approach either (place of either is correct (used to compare financial results) basis,
here only, go through the rules of Syntax) a new investments in infrastructure sector are
Bank or NBFC for availing (‘for’ takes V(ing) (plural verb for plural subject- investments)
form or ‘to’ takes V1) loans. still down by around (approximately) 43%.
PREVIOUS YEAR PAPER QUESTIONS
(BASED ON MEMORY)
Q.1-4. In each of the following questions, there is a sentence Q.2. There are enough deterrents at the present
in which one part is given in bold. The part given university system to discourage offbeat research and
in bold may or may not be grammatically correct. to defy standardisations.
Choose the best alternative among the four given (1) Enough deterrent of the present
which can replace the part in bold to make the (2) Enough deterrents in the present
sentence grammatically correct. If the part given (3) Enough deterrents at present
in bold is already correct and does not require any
(4) Enough deterrents from the present
replacement, choose option (5), i.e. “No replacement
required” as your answer. (5) No replacement required
(SBI CLERK - 2019) Q.3. A poverty-stricken family is set upon from
Q.1. The attainment of financial, environmental and unknown assailants who rob, assault, and murder
socially sustainable of urban service provision them over the course of one horrific night.
has become problematic nowadays. (1) Set here by unknown assailants
(1) Socially sustainable of urban service (2) Set by unknown assailants
(2) Socially sustainability for urban services (3) Set upon by unknown assailants
(3) Social sustainable for urban service (4) Set aside by unknown assailants
(4) Social sustainability of urban service (5) No replacement required
(5) No replacement required
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Q.4. His intellectual practice has remained under- (1) of troops of several Muslim
explored in the realm of the study of Indian (2) with troops for several Muslim
intellectual traditions. (3) troops from several Muslim
(1) Under- explored at the realm (4) by troops of several Muslim
(2) Under- explored of the realm (5) No Correction Required
(3) Under- explored for the realm Q.9. The British government is set to increase visa fees
(4) Under- exploring from the realm across most categories of applications from March
(5) No replacement required 18, in a move that will affect thousands of Indians
Q.5.-7. In each of the following questions, which of the who were the largest group of skilled workers to be
Phrases (1), (2), (3) and (4) given below the granted visas to live and work in Britain last year.
sentence should replace the phrase given in bold (1) thousands from Indians who were
in the sentence to make it grammatically correct. (2) thousands of Indians who was
If the sentence is correct as it is given and no (3) thousands of Indians who were
correction is required, mark (5) as the answer. (4) thousands of Indian who were
(SBI PO PRE - 2019) (5) No Correction Required
Q.5. More than hospitals and luxury hotels, it is the Q.10. Indian Accent, voted India’s best restaurant for two
President’s Estate in the heart of Delhi that are turn years in a row, has opened its first international
out to be a breeding ground for mosquitoes. location on New York, offering inventive Indian
(1) which is turned out to be cuisine that combines global ingredients and
(2) that is turning out to being techniques with authentic Indian flavours.
(3) that is turning out to be (1) first international location among New York,
(4) that turning out be (2) first international location in New York,
(5) No correction required (3) first international location of New York,
Q.6. The main task of the Chinese satellite is to (4) first international location for New York,
potentially secured communications for an age (5) No Correction Required
of cyber-attacks and global electronic surveillance. Q.11. Florida’s Senator has won the Republican primary
(1) is to potential secured communications in election in Puerto Rico, US television projections
(2) is to potentially securing communications at has said, in a White House race otherwise led by a
popular billionaire.
(3) is to potentially secure communication on
(1) US television projection have said
(4) is to potentially secure communications in
(2) US television projections said
(5) No correction required
(3) US television projection said
Q.7. Syria needs an immediate ceasefire between the
(4) US television projects
regime and the rebels, followed by constructive talks
backed by regional and global powers. (5) No Correction Required
(1) needs an immediate ceasefire among Q.12. Bolivia signed a USD 300 million deal with Russia
to build a world-class nuclear researches lab in
(2) needs an immediately ceasefire between
the South American nation, the Bolivian President
(3) needs an immediate cease firing for announced.
(4) needed an immediate ceasefire among (1) world-class nuclear research labs
(5) No correction required (2) world-class researched lab
Q.8-12. Which of the Phrases (1), (2), (3) or (4) should (3) world-class nuclear research lab
replace the phrases given in bold in the sentence (4) world-class nuclear researching lab
to make it grammatically correct? If the sentence
(5) No Correction Required
is correct as it is given and no correction is
required, mark (5) as the answer. Q.13-16. Which of the Phrases (1), (2) (3) and (4) given
below the sentence should replace the phrase given
(LIC ASSISTANT PRE - 2019)
in bold in the sentence to make it grammatically
Q.8. The Pakistani Prime Minister will visit Saudi correct. If the sentence is correct as it is given and
Arabia to witness a major military exercise troops no correction is required, mark (5) as the answer.
of several Muslim countries to improve training in
(RBI ASSISTANT PRE - 2020)
responding to the threat posed by terror groups.
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Q.13. Forest department must put up sign boards on Q.18. The union ministry of urban development has
every stretched where wild animals are found in expressed alarmed in practice of state governments
good numbers. and municipal bodies to completely concretize the
(1) Put up sign boards stretches on space around a tree in the footpaths.
(2) Put up sign boards on all stretches (1) Alarm over practice of
(3) Put down signboards at every stretched (2) Alarming over practiced of
(4) Put forth sign boards on every stretches (3) Alarming but practice of
(5) No correction required (4) Alarm as practice off
Q.14. Now that China is part of the TIR picture, goods can (5) No correction required
be shipped from some of the biggest manufacturing Q.19-22. Which of the phrases (1), (2), (3) and (4) should
centers in the world more rapidly and cheaper. replace the highlighted phrase in the given
(1) goods can be ship from some of the sentence to make it grammatically correct? If the
(2) goods can shipped from some of the sentence is correct as it is given and no correction
(3) good can be shipped on some of the is required, mark (5) as the answer.
(4) goods can be shipped from some of a (IBPS PO PRE - 2021)
(5) No correction required Q.19. The woman has a right to put her grievance at any
Q.15. In the last few days, the level of Ganga water has platform of her’s choice and even after decades.
depleting to such an extent that the river water at (1) to put her grievance at any platform of her choice
several ghats has dried up completely leading to the (2) to putting her grievance at any platform of her
formation of huge sand beds. choice.
(1) Has depleted to such an extent (3) to put her grievance at any platform about her
(2) Has deplete to such as extent choice.
(3) Have depleting to such an extent (4) to put her grievance at any platform of her
(4) Having deplete too such an extent choices.
(5) No correction required (5) No correction required.
Q.16. While summer is the peak time for manufacturing Q.20. The court’s privileging of fundamental rights over
cum production of items, the electricity on the restrictive legal provisions like criminal
same period start playing hide and seek with the defamation that silence victims of injustice and
industrialists. the free press is heartening.
(1) Electricity in a similar period starts plays (1) over restrictive legal provision like criminal
(2) Electricity during the same period starts playing defamation that silence victims.
(3) Electricity for the similar period played starting (2) over restrictive legal provisions like criminal
(4) Electricity playing start for the same period defamation which silence victims.
(5) No correction required (3) over restrictive legal provisions like criminal
Q.17-18. Which of the Phrases (1), (2) (3) and (4) defamation that silences victims.
given below each sentence should replace the (4) over restrictive legal provisions like criminal
phrase given in bold in the sentence to make it defaming that silence victims.
grammatically correct. If the sentence is correct (5) No correction required
as it is given and no correction is required, mark
(5) as the answer. Q.21. As the Covid pandemic has showed, accurate news
is critical to fighting misinformation and rumours.
(IBPS CLERK PRE - 2021)
(1) has shown, accurate news are critical to fighting
Q.17. The roads rendered uneven due to potholes on the
misinformation
stretched or higher or lower manholes make it a
risky ride for motorists in the city. (2) has showed, accurate news are critical to fighting
misinformation
(1) As the stretches or highest
(2) On the stretch or highly (3) has shown, accurate news is critical to fighting
misinformations
(3) On the stretch and higher
(4) has shown, accurate news is critical to fighting
(4) On the stretched and high
misinformation.
(5) No correction required
(5) No correction required
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Q.22. Digital world and new channel should work in harmony (3) should work in harmony and they want to create
and they want to create transparency in the news. transparent
(1) should work in harmony if they want to creates (4) should work in harmony if he want to create
transparency
transparency
(2) should work in harmony if they want to create
transparency. (5) No correction required
PREVIOUS YEAR PAPER ANSWERS
(BASED ON MEMORY)
Q.1.(4) ‘social (an adjective is needed to qualify the Q.12.(3) world-class nuclear research (being a name, noun
noun) sustainability (a noun is needed after the form needed) lab (a singular noun is required, as
adjective) (Social sustainability is a compound ‘a’ is mentioned).
noun) of urban services. Q.13.(2) ‘Put up’ means ‘display’; ‘stretch’ refers to ‘area
Q.2.(2) enough deterrents in (expressing the situation of road’
of something that is enclosed or appears to be
Q.14.(5) goods can be shipped from some of the, because
enclosed) the present university.
can be+v3, and ‘the’ is used before superlative
Q.3.(3) A poverty-stricken family is set upon (set upon degree of adjective.
means attack someone violently) by (identifying
Q.15.(1) has takes v3.
the agent performing an action) unknown
assailants. while ‘depleted’ refers to ‘reduced’
Q.4.(5) In the realm – the special province or field of Q.16.(2) Replace ‘on’ with during’ and ‘start’ with ‘starts’.
something or someone. Q.17.(3) ‘On the stretch’ means ‘on the road’
Q.5.(3) that is turning out (proving to be the case) to be. Q.18.(1) ‘Alarm over’ is to be used which mean ‘warned
Q.6.(4) is to potentially secure (V1 is to be used as the over’.
sentence is in present tense) communications in. Q.19.(1) ‘her’ is used as the object of the sentence , it is
Q.7.(5) No correction required. not indicating any possession so no need to put
Q.8.(4) by (identifies the agent performing an action) apostrophe with it.
troops of several. Q.20.(5) The given sentence is absolutely correct whereas
Q.9.(5) No Correction required. the options contains certain grammatical errors.
Q.102) first international location in (it is used to depict Q.21.(4) Replace ‘showed’ with ‘shown’ as has is followed
something inside the boundaries of something) by V3 form of verb.
New York. Q.22.(2) Replace ‘and’ with ‘if’ as the sentence indicated
Q.11.(1) US television projections have (plural helping condition not joining of one part with the other
verb for plural noun) said. one.
Keep Practicing & Keep Learning

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CHAPTER

Mis-spelt and
18
Inappropriate Words
Correct spelling Incorrect spelling friend freind
accommodate, accommodation accomodate, accomodation further futher
achieve acheive gist jist
glamorous glamourous
across accross
government goverment
aggressive, aggression agressive, agression
guard gaurd
apparently apparantly
appearance appearence happened happend
argument arguement harass, harassment harrass, harrassment
assassination assasination honorary honourary
basically basicly humorous humourous
beginning begining idiosyncrasy idiosyncracy
believe beleive, belive immediately immediatly
bizarre bizzare incidentally incidently
business buisness independent independant
calendar calender interrupt interupt
Caribbean Carribean irresistible irresistable
cemetery cemetary knowledge knowlege
chauffeur chauffer liaise, liaison liase, liason
colleague collegue lollipop lollypop
coming comming millennium, millennia millenium, millenia
committee commitee Neanderthal Neandertal
necessary neccessary
completely completly
noticeable noticable
conscious concious
occasion ocassion, occassion
curiosity curiousity
occurred, occurring occured, occuring
definitely definately
occurrence occurance, occurence
dilemma dilemna
pavilion pavillion
disappear dissapear
persistent persistant
disappoint dissapoint
pharaoh pharoah
ecstasy ecstacy
piece peice
embarrass embarass
politician politican
environment enviroment Portuguese Portugese
existence existance possession posession
Fahrenheit Farenheit preferred, preferring prefered, prefering
familiar familar propaganda propoganda
finally finaly publicly publically
fluorescent florescent really realy
foreign foriegn receive recieve
foreseeable forseeable referred, referring refered, refering
forty fourty religious religous
forward foward remember rember, remeber

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resistance resistence supersede supercede
sense sence surprise suprise
separate seperate tattoo tatoo
siege seige tendency tendancy
therefore therefor
successful succesful
threshold threshhold

Spell Error
Accept : (verb) - to receive willingly, to approve, to aggree.
Except : (preposition or verb) - exclusion or leave out.
Ad : An advertisement.
Add : to combine, join, unite or to find a sum.
Advice : (noun) - suggestion or recommendation.
Advise : (verb) - to suggest.
Affect : (verb) - to change.
Effect : (noun) - result.
Ate : Past tense of verb [to eat].
Eight : number 8.
Buy : (verb) - to purchase.
By : next to something, by way of something.
Bye : Used to express farewell. Short for [goodbye].
Choose : (verb) to make a choice or selection.
Chose : past tense of the verb [to choose].
Choice : (noun) choosing; selection.
Cite : to mention something or to quote somebody as an example or proof.
Site : the location of an event or object. A website.
Sight : ability to see, a thing that can be seen.
Decent : kind, tolerant, respectable, modest.
Descent : family origins or ancestry. Also the process of coming or going down.
Dissent : (verb or noun) disagreement with a prevailing or official view.
Desert : (verb) to leave or abandon, (noun) waterless land with no vegetation and covered
with sand.
Dessert : sweet food served after the meal.
Eat : to put food into the mouth, chew it and swallow it.
It : the thing, animal or situation which has already been mentioned.
Four : number 4
For : to indicate the object, aim, or purpose of an action or activity.
Here : in, at, or to this place.
Hear : to perceive (sound) by the ear.
Knew : past simple of the verb [to know].
New : recently created.
Know : (verb) to be familiar with someone or something.
Now : at the present time or moment.
No : negative reply, refusal or disagreement. ise and admiration. (verb) desire to know. ities.

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exercise
In each exercise below some sentences with four words printed in bold type are given. These words are
numbered (1), (2), (3) and (4) . One of these four words printed in bold may be either wrongly spelt or
inappropriate in the context of the sentence. Find out the word which is wrongly spelt or inappropriate
if any. The number of that word is your answer. If all the words printed in bold are correctly spelt & also
appropriate in the context of the sentence, mark (5) ”All correct” as your answer.
EXERCISE- 1
Q.1. According to a sleep expert(1) not everyone kneed(2) eight hours’ sleep a night(3) you just need to listen(4) to
your body. All correct (5)
Q.2. Some people are very sensitive(1) to the effects(2) of caffeine and for these people it’s important to avoid(3)
bevereges(4) containing caffeine. All correct (5)
Q.3. If you are feeling sleepy(1) during the day then(2) there is most like(3) an issue with the quality of sleep that
you’ve had during(4) the night. All correct (5)
Q.4. In the future, mobile broadband(1) will enable fully automated(2) homes, smart parking(3) among other
consumer and industrial applications.(4) All correct (5)
Q.5. Banks are going slow in purchasing(1)/ bonds ahead of the Budget as there is no certainity(2)/ about the
borrowing program that(3)/ may come in February.(4) All correct (5)
Q.6. The Parliament were divided in the opinions about the issue. All correct.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Q.7. The officials maintained that the rules were within the framwork of the Indian laws. All correct.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Q.8. Domestic airlines are incurring substential losses. All correct.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Q.9. Won third of the water in the pool is still polluted. All correct.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Q.10. More than halve the budget has been spent on modernising the factory. All correct.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
EXERCISE- 2
Q.1. The Reserve Bank of India has clarified (1)/ that it won’t be interested (2) in giving some (3) relaxations to
banks on these losses.(4) All correct (5)
Q.2. While there are unlikely(1) to be any major changes in indirect tax(2)/ as most of them are beneath the
purview of(3)/ the Goods and Services Tax Council.(4) All correct (5)
Q.3. A schematic(1) to make good the difference(2) between the minimum support price announced(3) by the
government and the actual market price would be in order(4). All Correct(5)
Q.4. PSBs need systemic(1) reform to overhaul their current decision-making structure and culture. The basic reform
they need is to change their holding structure(2) to give them autonomy(3), as well as acountability(4), not a
promise of no government interference. All Correct(5)
Q.5. Regional allies(1) active in the campaign(2) against Islamic extremists(3) in the east African country have
conducted(4) many missions too.All Correct(5)
Q.6. Farmers must get remunerative(1) prices for there(2) produce. Rural power supply, rural roads and food
processing(3) plants would be welcome(4).All Correct(5)
Q.7. The remuniration(1) structure of senior bankers at PSBs must move from public sector scales to board-
determined(2), performance-linked, market-comparable(3) ones that reflect the time horizon of the risks
assumed(4). All Correct(5)

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Q.8. To deal effectively with a crisis quick decisions are requited. All correct.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Q.9. More than half the loan has been spent on rebuilding the factory. All correct.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Q.10. Rising prices of foodgrains will have an adverse impac on developing countries. All correct.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
EXERCISE- 3
Q.1. Some household names are being persued(1) for six-figure income tax and national insurance(2) bills by HM
Revenue & Customs on the grounds(3) that they were in effect BBC employees while claiming to be freelancers(4)
All correct (5)
Q.2. The government(1) has plans to expand the pipeline network in the country, especial(2) in the eastern part, in
a move to increase the consumption(3) of the environment-friendly(4) fuel. All correct (5)
Q.3. The idea that a large group(1) could being driven(2) westwards by newcomers(3) doesn’t make sense.(4) All
correct (5)
Q.4. Authorities ordered supplementary investigations into the case leaving the traders' families with an
(1) (2) (3)
uncertain wait. All correct
(4) (5)
Q.5. The company has announced its entry into the breakfast foods market with the launched of Horlicks oats.
(1) (2) (3) (4)
All correct
(5)
Q.6. A government panel wants the centre to initiate legal measures to spilt the other backward classes into
(1) (2) (3)
subgroups. All correct.
(4) (5)
Q.7. Airport operators, oil companies and vendars of all imaginable items have massive dues running with the
(1) (2) (3) (4)
company. All correct
(5)
Q.8. When your uncle einquired about your marks you lied to him. All correct.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Q.9. The posts were advertised by the planning comission in all the local dailies. All correct.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Q.10. He is the most intelligent boy in the class. All correct.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
EXERCISE- 4
Q.1. By analyzing(1) the genomes of over 300 individuals(2) – many of which had been buried(3) with distictive(4)
objects tying them to the Beaker Culture. All Correct (5)
Q.2. There is a chance the government(1) may introduce a long term capital gains taxes(2) on equity shares,(3) or
may remove the dividend(4) distribution tax. All correct(5)

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Q.3. Namrata was brought (1) up in Bareilly, where she began(2) writing primarily in English then she was married
to(3) Mr. Das at the age of 15 and thus(4) became Namrata Das. All correct (5) LANGUAGE
Q.4. High crude prices amid the oil crises in Iran pose inflationary risks in India. All correct
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Q.5. Eastern India is liberaly endowed with natural resources-deep fertile top soil, copious water and plentiful
(1) (2) (3) (4)
sunlight. All correct
(5)
Q.6. There is no doubt that Civil society plays a critical role in India’s diverce democracy, and its voice deserves to
(1) (2) (3) (4)
be heard. All correct
(5)
Q.7. Banking and insurance sector companies were the worst effected as clerical staff in all
(1) (2) (3)
major public sector banks and insurance companies abstained from work. All correct
(4) (5)
Q.8. Every year, equity strategists and analysis come out with their industry-specific expectations from the
(1) (2) (3) (4)
Union Budget. All correct
(5)
Q.9. The money policy may add fuel to the rally in case cut off of 25-30 basis points comes through in the cash reserve
(1) (2) 3) (4)
ratio. All correct
(5)
Q.10. Exports of several agricultural commodities have been facing hurdles. All correct
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

EXPLANATION
EXERCISE 1 EXERCISE 2
Q.1.(2) The correct word is ‘need’. Q.1.(3) use ‘any’ in place of ‘some’ because in negative
sentence ‘any’ is used whereas in positive ‘some’
Q.2.(4) The correct word is ‘beverages’.
used.
Q.3.(3) ‘likely’ is the correct word. Q.2.(3) use ‘under/within’ in place of ‘beneath’.
Q.4.(5) All correct The correct phrase is ‘under/within the purview’
Q.5.(3) spelling error the correct word is ‘certainty’. means within the scope of the influence or
concerns of something.
Q.6.(5) All correct
Q.3.(1) The correct word is ‘scheme’.
Q.7. (4) Framework is the correct spelling.
Q.4.(5) The correct word is ‘accountability’.
Q.8.(4) Substantial is the correct spelling. Q.5.(5) All Correct
Q.9.(1) One third should be used. Q.6.(2) The correct word is ‘their’.
Q.10.(1) Half is the correct spelling. Q.7.(5) The correct word is ‘remuneration’.

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Q.8.(4) Required Q.3.(3) In passive voice the verb ‘married’ followed by
Q.9.(5) All correct ‘with’ when subject is female as in the sentence
‘she was married to Mr. Das….’ is wrong it
Q.10.(2) Impact should be ‘Namrata was married with Mr. Das….’
EXERCISE 3 Note: no preposition is used after marry in active
voice.
Q.1.(1) Pursued is the correct word.
Q.4.(3) The correct spelling of the word is crisis.
Q.2.(2) especially is an appropriate word here.
Q.5.(1) The correct spelling of the word is liberally.
Q.3.(2) be is the correct word.
Q.6.(3) The correct spelling of the word is diverse.
Q.4.(3) ‘traders’ would be used to imply of the traders.
Q.7.(3) Affected would the appropriate word to be used
Q.5.(4) ‘launching’ should be used. in the sentence given above.
Q.6.(3) ‘split’ is to be used to convey the meaning ‘divide’. Q.8.(2) Analysts should be used in place of analysis.
Q.7.(2) ‘vendors’ is the correct spelling. Analysts- are the people who analyse.
Q.8.(2) Inquired is the appropriate spelling Analysis- is the process of assessing a certain thing,
Q.9.(3) Commission is the appropriate spelling work or activity.
Q.10.(5) All correct. Q.9.(1) Monetary would be the appropriate word [as
EXERCISE 4 required in the sentence].

Q.1.(4) Distinctive is the correct option. Monetary-is used as an adjective and means
connected with money, especially all the money in
Q.2.(2) Here we need singular noun not plural, the the country. Money- is what you earn by working
correct term will be as ‘a long term capital gains or selling things, and use to buy things.
tax’ because this is the compound noun having
indefinite article ‘a’. Q.10.(5)

PREVIOUS YEAR PAPER QUESTIONS

(BASED ON MEMORY)
Q.1-5. In each of the following questions, four words Q.4. A. Consciencious B. Martyrdom
have been given out of which two words are C. Assasination D. Magisterial
misspelt. Choose the correct pair of words that
(1) Both A and B (2) Both C and D
are misspelt and mark your answer.
(3) Both B and C (4) Both A and C
(SBI CLERK PRE - 2019)
(5) Both B and D
Q.1. A. Plagerize B. Upholstery
Q.5. A. Incapacitate B. Austarity
C. Visious D. Supersede
C. Ammicable D. Catastrophize
(1) Both A and B (2) Both C and D
(1) Both A and B (2) Both C and D
(3) Both B and C (4) Both A and C
(3) Both B and C (4) Both A and C
(5) Both B and D
(5) Both B and D
Q.2. A. Bellwether B. Amateur
Q.6-10. In each of the following questions, a sentence with
C. Acerage D. Allegaince
four words given in bold type is given. These are
(1) Both A and B (2) Both C and D numbered (1), (2), (3) and (4). One of these four
(3) Both B and C (4) Both A and C words given in bold may be either wrongly spelt or
(5) Both B and D inappropriate in context of the sentence. Find out
the word which is wrongly spelt or inappropriate
Q.3. A. Demagogue B. Liason
if any. The number of that word is your answer.
C. Fatuous D. Sergiant If all the words given in bold are correctly spelt
(1) Both A and B (2) Both C and D & also appropriate in the context of the sentence,
(3) Both B and C (4) Both A and C mark (5) “All correct” as your answer.
(5) Both B and D (IBPS CLREK PRE - 2019)

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Q.6. If the Central Government is loath to extent tax Q.13. Whether announcements were regarding passenger
benefits to all post office schemes, it can restrict amenities or about infrastructure projects, we have
them to special-purpose schemes. All Correct ensured that work on most of the announcements
(1) Loath (2) Extent (3) Benefits starts immediately on the ground without any
delayed. All correct
(4) Restrict (5) All correct
(1) Whether (2) amenities (3) ensured
Q.7.   The banking lobby is bond to be up in arms against
(4) delayed (5) All correct
high rates on small savings impeding transmission.
All Correct Q.14. Vasu struggled in the water for a while and managed
to escape from the crocodile’s jaws. All correct
(1) Lobby (2) Bond
(1) struggled (2) while (3) escape
(3) Impeding (4) Transmission
(4) jaws (5) All correct
(5) All correct
Q.15. At many colonies, residents acqused influential
Q.8. The concept of cages has been gradually phased
families of using water pumps to draw excessive
out and zoos contains open spaces with bordered
water leaving others with very little. All correct
ridge to seperate animal and visitors. All Correct
(1) acqused (2) influential (3) draw
(1) Cages (2) Phased out (3) Contains
(4) Separate (5) All correct (4) leaving (5) All correct
Q.9. Abolition of child trafficking, elimination of Q.16-19. In the following question, a sentence with
poverty, free and compulsory education, and basic four words given in bold type is given. One of
standards of living can reduce the problem to a great these four words given in bold may be either
extent. All Correct wrongly spelt or inappropriate in the context
of the sentence. Find out the word which is
(1) Abolition (2) Elimination (3) Education
wrongly spelt or inappropriate if any. If all the
(4) Reduce (5) All correct words given in bold are correctly spelt & also
Q.10. Pollution has tremendous adverse effects on appropriate in the context of the sentence, mark
environment, resulting in its degradation and also (5) “All correct” as your answer.
in deplition of living species. All Correct (NABARD DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANT PRE
(1) Adverse (2) Degradation - 2019)
(3) Deplition (4) Species Q.16. Military authorities threatened the maximum
(5) All correct penalty again anyone attacking house of worship.
Q.11-15. In the following question, a sentence with All correct
four words in bold type is given. One of these (1) authorities (2) threatened
four words may be either wrongly spelt or
(3) maximum (4) again anyone
inappropriate in context of the sentence. Find out
the word which is wrongly spelt or inappropriate (5) All correct
if any. The number of that word is your answer. Q.17. We faced serious logistical problems in the
If all the words given in bold are correctly spelt transport of people and heavy equipments. All
& also appropriate in the context of the sentence, correct.
mark (5) “All correct” as your answer. (1) serious (2) logistical
(LIC ASSISTANT PRE - 2019) (3) transport (4) equipments
Q.11. The reason behind requesting for fruit trees is that (5) All correct
it will add green to the environment and also give
Q.18. The poisonous pufferfish is one of the aleyan
fruits for generations. All correct
species that have recently been introduced. All
(1) behind (2) it (3) green correct
(4) generations (5) All correct (1) poisonous (2) pufferfish (3) aleyan
Q.12. With the moneylender knocking on a farmer’s (4) species (5) All correct
door and humiliating him, his dignify is hurt. All
Q.19. Humans use electricity to keep their hearts pumped
correct
and brains thinking. All correct.
(1) knocking (2) humiliating
(1) Humans (2) electricity (3) pumped
(3) dignify (4) hurt
(4) brains (5) All correct
(5) All correct
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Q.20-22. In the question, four words in bold type are given Q.24. Stir gently until the honey is completely combined,
and these are numbered (1), (2), (3) and (4). One being careful not to overmix or the wax
of these four words may be either wrongly spelt or could emulsified into the sauce. All correct
inappropriate in the context of the sentence. Find out (1) gently (2) completely
the word which is wrongly spelt or inappropriate if (3) overmix (4) emulsified
any. The number of that word is your answer. If all
(5) All correct
the words given in bold are correctly spelt & also
appropriate in the context of the sentence, mark (5) Q.25. T h e d o o r h a n d l e b e g a n t o j i g g l e a n d
“All correct” as your answer. Rohan quickly reached out and gripped it to try to
stop it from opening. All correct
(RBI ASSISTANT PRE - 2020)
(1) handle (2) jiggle
Q.20. World Environment Day aims at causing awareness
of the importance of preserving our biodiversity, (3) quickly  (4) gripped
the need to identify problems related to the (5) All correct
environment and ways to take corrective measures. Q.26. There was a consciencious objection clause for
All correct medical staff, with a provision for the patient to
(1) causing (2) preserving be referred to another doctor. All correct
(3) identify (4) corrective (1) consciencious (2) clause
(5) All correct (3) provision (4) referred
(5) All correct
Q.21. The place is filled with abundance water and fish
that has resulted in the surge in the number of birds Q.27. The shade was greatful, and the tree was so easy to
visiting the spot and making it a pleasant sight for climb that with my teacher’s assistance I was able
the public to visit All correct to scramble to a seat in the branches. All correct
(1) abundance (2) surge (1) greatful (2) teacher’s
(3) spot (4) a pleasant (3) scramble (4) seat
(5) All correct
(5) All correct
Q.28-32. In the question below a sentence with four words
Q.22. The hospital authorities have expressed keenness
printed in bold type is given. These are marked
to set up a waste disposal mechanism to avoid the
as (A), (B), (C) and (D). One of these four words
scatter of the waste and to stop flowing polluted
printed in bold may be either wrongly spelt or
water to the nearby areas All correct.
inappropriate in the context of the sentence.
(1) keenness (2) scatter Find out the word, which is wrongly spelt or
(3) flowing (4) nearby inappropriate, if any. If all the words printed
(5) All correct in bold are correctly spelt and also appropriate
in the context of the sentence, mark (5) i.e. “All
Q.23-27. In the following question, a sentence with four
correct” as your answer.
words in bold type is given. One of these four
words given in bold may be either wrongly spelt (RRB CLERK MAINS - 2021)
or inappropriate in the context of the sentence. Q.28. Fifth-generation wireless (A)/ networks and
Find out the word which is wrongly spelt or smartphones with much better (B) cameras will be
inappropriate if any. The number of that word the key focus (C)/ at the world’s biggest trade fair
is your answer. If all the words given in bold are (D) in the mobile industry. All correct
correctly spelt & also appropriate in the context (1) B (2) A (3) C
of the sentence, mark (5) “All correct” as your (4) D (5) All correct
answer.
Q.29. The attack of Fall Armyworm on maize crop in
(SBI CLERK PRE - 2021) Chittoor district has not just affected (A)/ farmers,
Q.23. Compact flourescent light bulbs are available at but also cattle.(B)/ The state, which produces the
your local lighting store, many hardware and home most maize in the country, has several (C) areas that
supply stores. All correct are unable to generate enough fodder after the paste
(1) compact (2) flourescent (D) attack. All correct
(3) lighting (4) hardware (1) A (2) D (3) B
(5) All correct (4) C (5) All correct

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Q.30. Amul, India’s largest dairy brand enters the packaged precious and living and what is artificial. (D)/ We
(A)/ food juices segment by launching ‘Tru’ have lost the balance. All correct
in cooperation (B)/ with Almond Branding (C)/
(1) C (2) B (3) A
for an end to end brand building, packaging design
and communication (D) design. All correct (4) D (5) All correct
(1) D (2) B (3) A Q.32. The curriculum (A)/ followed in most schools and
(4) C (5) All correct colleges is so outdated (B)/ that it makes people
wonder about the efficacy (C)/ and relevance. (D)/
Q.31. Humans are like bucks, (A)/ trying to control every
living thing on earth. We convert living, thriving All correct
(B) / habitats into artificial, dead spaces, and are no (1) A (2) D (3) B
longer able to differentiate (C)/ between what is (4) C (5) All correct

PREVIOUS YEAR PAPER ANSWERS

(BASED ON MEMORY)
Q.1.(4) The correct words are ‘Plagiarize (take (the work Q.13.(4) ‘Delay’ should be used- a noun is required.
or an idea of someone else) and pass it off as Q.14.(5) All correct.
one’s own.)’ and ‘Vicious (deliberately cruel or
Q.15.(1) ‘Accused’ is the correct spelling.
violent.)’.
Q.16.(4) ‘against anyone’ should be used
Q.2.(2) The correct words are ‘(Acreage an area of land,
Q.17.(4) ‘Equipment’ should be used as it doesn’t have a
typically when used for agricultural purposes)’ and
plural form.
‘Allegiance (loyalty or commitment to a superior
or to a group or cause)’. Q.18.(3) The correct spelling is ‘alien’
Q.3.(5) The correct words are ‘Liaison (communication Q.19.(3) ‘Pumping’ should be used should be pumped.
or cooperation which facilitates a close working Q.20.(1) ‘Creating’ is the appropriate word’ – ‘with
relationship between people or organizations)’ and ‘awareness’ verb ‘Creating’ is used.
‘Sergeant (a rank of non-commissioned officer in Q.21.(1) ‘Abundant’ should replace ‘abundance’ – an
the army or air force, above corporal and below adjective is to be used.
staff sergeant.)’
Q.22.(2) ‘Scattering’ will be used as noun form is needed
Q.4.(4) The correct words are ‘Conscientious (wishing here.
to do one’s work or duty well and thoroughly)’
Q.23.(2) ‘Fluorescent’ is the correct spelling.
and ‘Assassination (the action of assassinating
someone)’. Q.24.(4) ‘Emulsify’ should be used here as ‘modal (could)’
takes ‘v1’ with it.
Q.5.(3) The correct words are ‘Austerity (sternness or
severity of manner or attitude)’ and ‘Amicable Q.25.(5) All correct.
(friendly)’. Q.26.(1) ‘Conscientious’ is the correct spelling which
Q.6.(2) ‘Extend (v)’ should be used here which means means ‘wishing to do one’s work or duty well and
‘include’. thoroughly’.

Q.7.(2) ‘Bound’ should be used here which means Q.27.(1) The correct spelling is ‘grateful’ which means
‘restrict’. ‘received or experienced with gratitude’.

Q.8.(4) ‘separate’ is the correct spelling. Q.28.(5) All correct

Q.9.(5) All correct. Q.29.(2) ‘paste’ will be replaced by ‘pest’

Q.10.(3) ‘Depletion’ should be used here which means Q.30.(2) the usage of ‘cooperation is inappropriate here,
‘reduction in the number or quantity of something’. collaboration should be used.

Q.11.(3) ‘Greenery’ should be used- a noun is required. Q.31.(3) ‘bucks’ will be replaced by ‘bugs’

Q.12.(3) ‘Dignity (noun)’ is the appropriate word. Q.32.(5) All correct

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CHAPTER
SPOTTING SIMILAR AND
19
DISSIMILAR WORDS
The Synonyms and Antonyms form an integral part of the Synonyms can be any part of speech (Eg. nouns, verbs,
English Language. Acquaintance with vocabulary of the adjectives, adverbs or preposition), as long as both members of
English language is a necessity for effective expression either the pair are the same part of speech. More examples of English.
in the written or in the oral form. Noun : "Convenience" and
Synonym is nothing but the similar meaning of a particular word "comfort"
or its semantic relation. So, it is a word or a phrase that means Verb : "buy" and "purchase"
the same as another word or a phrase in the same language.
Adjective : "sick" and "ill"
Antonyms are the negative connotation of a particular word.
Adverb: "quickly" and "speedily”
An Antonym is a word or phrase that is opposite in meaning
to a particular word or a phrase in the same language. Preposition: "on" and "upon"
Synonyms are different words with almost identical or similar An antonym is a word that means the opposite of another.
meanings. Words that are synonyms are said to be synonymous, Example 1 : 'fat' is an antonym of 'thin'
and the state of being a synonym is called synonyms. Example 2 : The words open and closed are antonyms.
Word Synonym

Word Synonym Synonym Betray deceive cheat

Abandon discard Vacate Bias inclination predisposition
Accord agree Grant Bitter acrid Sour
Adversity difficulty misfortune Blend combine Mix
Affluent plentiful Rich Bliss happiness Joy
Aggravate annoy infuriate Bluff boast Feign
Alleviate lighten mitigate Bold daring fearless
Amenable agreeable favorable Bonus award Gift
Anguish distress Sorrow Bother annoy Irritate
Apathetic dispirited lifeless Brief concise Short
Arrogant disdainful imperious Brilliant clever intelligent
Astonish confound overwhelm Brisk fast Swift
Atrocious cruel brutal Budget allot Plan
Augment add enlarge Candid honest truthful
Avoid ignore Shun Caricature cartoon imitation
Awkward graceless Inept Casual informal natural
Baffle confuse perplexing Category classification division
Banal common Plain Cease desist Stop
Barren desolate Sterile Chaotic disordered Messy
Berate criticize disapprove Cherish esteem Love

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Circumvent avoid go around Durable constant Lasting
Commemorate celebrate Honor Dwindle abate Diminish
Compensate balance recompense Eager earnest Keen
Competent able capable Eccentric abnormal Idiosyncratic
Conceive design Plan Elaborate embellish Enhance
Confirmation acknowledgement Proof Emanate arise Radiate
Contradict deny oppose Embezzle purloin Steal
Contribution donation Grant Eminent distinguished Prominent
Courteous polite well- Encourage foster Induce
mannered
Endure last Persist
Craving desire longing
Essential cultured Learned
Credulous gullible naive
Essential basic Necessary
Damp moist Wet
Estimate guess Predict
Dare challenge Defy
Evaluate appraise Judge
Decay decline Rot
Exhaust deplete Empty
Decent honorable Pure
Exhilarated cheerful Zestful
Dense filled Packed
Explicit definite Specific
Designate name Select
Fastidious exacting Particular
Detain hold Keep
Federation alliance Band
Disclose announce Reveal
Feeble helpless Infirm
Dogma belief View
Fervor intensity Passion

Word Antyonyms

Words Antonyms List Words Antonyms List

happy sad, miserable hard soft
harmful harmless hasten dawdle
hate love healthy unhealthy, ill, diseased
here there heavy light
height depth brave coward
hill valley horizontal vertical
hinder aid, help honest dishonest
humble proud hunger thirst
imitation genuine immense tiny, minute
imprison free include exclude
increase decrease inhabited uninhabited
inferior superior inside outside
intelligent unintelligent, stupid inhale exhale
interior exterior, outside interesting uninteresting, dull

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internal external intentional accidental

join separate junior senior
justice injustice king Queen
knowledge ignorance laugh cry
lawful unlawful lazy industrious, energetic
earth sky landloar tenant
large little, small last first
lawyer client lecturer student
lender borrower lengthen shorten
left right less more
light dark, heavy like dislike, unlike
likely unlikely leader follower
little large, much, big lofty lowly
long short loud soft/quite
loss find, gain low high
loyal disloyal mad sane
magnetize demagnetize master servant
mature immature maximum minimum
me you merry mirthless, sad
minority majority miser spendthrift
misunderstand understand narrow wide
near far, distant neat untidy
new old night day
noisy quiet north south
obedient disobedient odd even
offer refuse open shut
optimist pessimist out in
parent child past present
patient impatient peace war
permanent temporary please displease
plentiful scarce poetry prose
possible impossible poverty wealth
powerful feeble, weak polite impolite, rude
private public prudent imprudent
pretty unsightly, ugly pure impure
qualified unqualified rapid slow
regularly irregularlry rich poor
right wrong, left rigid soft/flexible
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rough smooth satisfactory unsatisfactory
security insecurity scatter collect
serious trivial second-hand new
sense nonsense shopkeeper customer
singular plural simple complicated
thin thick solid liquid
sober drunk speaker listener
sour sweet sorrow joy
sow reap stand lie
straight crooked strong weak
success failure sunny cloudy
take give tall short
tame wild teacher pupil
thick thin tight loose
top bottom transparent opaque
truth untruth up down
vacant occupied valuable valueless
victory defeat virtue vice
visible invisible voluntary compulsory
vowel consonant wax wane
wisdom folly within outside
Keep Practicing & Keep Learning

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exercise
Q.2. UNTIE
EXERCISE- 1
(1) Attach (2) Unchain
Identify the synonyms of each word.
(3) Clutter (4) Bind
Q.1. EXIGUOUS
(5) Fasten
(1) Tall (2) Large
Q.3. ALERT
(3) Wide (4) Scanty
(1) Energetic (2) Observant
(5) Broad
(3) Intelligent
Q.2. RECREANCY (4) Watchful (5) Exclaim
(1) Recreation (2) Recuperation Q.4. MOVING
(3) Bravery (4) Cowardice (1) Taking (2) Toying
(5) Obstinate (3) Shifting (4) Turning
Q.3. PROSCRIBE (5) Running
(1) To nominate Q.5. RECKLESS
(2) To be supportive of (1) Courageous (2) Rash
(3) To give early warning signals (3) Bold (4) Daring
(4) Outlaw (5) Cautious
(5) None of the above Q.6. LAUNCH
Q.4. INGEST (1) Review (2) Begin
(1) Enrage (2) Invigorate (3) Propel (4) Push
(3) To absorb (4) Burn up completely (5) Force
(5) To stir up Q.7. RELIED
Q.5. MONTICULE (1) Emphasised (2) Depended
(1) A small river (2) A small hut (3) Convinced (4) Followed
(3) A lane (4) A small hill (5) Referred
(5) A small plane Q.8. Obtained
Q.6. COMPENDIOUS (1) Combined (2) Procured
(1) Comprehensive (2) Illustrative (3) Acquired (4) Conquered
(3) Unbearable (4) Elaborate (5) Attained
(5) None of the above Q.9. Commemorate
Q.7. NADIR (1) Boast (2) Harmonise
(1) Asylum (2) Heaven (3) Manipulate (4) Remember
(3) Depth (4) Nebulous (5) Illegal
(5) None of the above Q.10. Connoisseur
Q.8. SOMNAMBULISTIC (1) Lover of art (2) Interpreter
(1) Sleep walking (3) Delinquent (4) Ignorant
(2) Ghost dancing (5) Gallant
(3) Women’s group activity EXERCISE- 3
(4)Colourful scenario Identify the antonym of each word .
(5) Over-eating Q.1. Repulsive
Q.9. PRIMORDIAL (1) lovely (2) mild
(1) Feeling of elation (2) Latest (3) admirable (4) attractive
(3) Elementary (4) Daunting (5) joyous
(5) None of the above Q.2. Amateur
Q.10. SOMBRE (1) average (2) experienced
(1) Causing sleep (2) Squalid (3) professional (4) skilled
(3) Gloomy (4) Complacent (5) appraised
(5) Malicious Q.3. Affirmed
EXERCISE- 2 (1) assert (2) attest
Identify the synonyms of each word. (3) confirm (4) denied
Q.1. CONFRONTATION (5) swear
(1) Disapprove (2) Battle Q.4. Vague
(3) Deny (4) Disobey (1) clear (2) transparent
(5) Critisize (3) plain (4) apparent
(5) exact
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Q.5. Casual Q.8. PERNICIOUS
(1) careful (2) sincere (1) Precious (2) Healing
(3) precise (4) flawless (3) Swerving (4) Conservative
(5) specific (5) Relaxed
Q.6. Pamper Q.9. ANATHEMA
(1) scold (2) scorn (1) Appreciation (2) Blessing
(3) discourage (4) neglect (3) Protection (4) Obstacle
(5) ignore (5) Frank
Q.7. Prevent Q.10. CONCUR
(1) facilitate (2) accelerate (1) Pertain (2) Reveal
(3) allow (4) aggravate (3) Oppose (4) Delay
(5) conduct (5) Deduce
Q.8. Austere EXERCISE- 5
(1) luxurious (2) boisterous Identify the antonym of each word.
(3) exciting (4) calm Q.1. DENOUNCE
(5) happy (1) Accept (2) Accuse
Q.9. Rigid (3) Condemn (4) Faith
(1) soft (2) logical (5) ridicule
(3) sympathetic (4) flexible Q.2. DIPSOMANIAC
(5) stable (1) Alcoholic (2) Teetotaller
Q.10. Adversity (3) Sick (4) Lunatic
(1) Wealth (2) Prosperity (5) sincere
(3) Luxury (4) Money Q.3. PRECIPITOUS
(5) growth (1) Rash (2) Steep
EXERCISE- 4 (3) Thoughtful (4) Rain
Identify the antonym of each word . (5) poor
Q.1. CONFESS Q.4. MAGNANIMOUS
(1) Refuse (2) Deny (1) Generous (2) Giving
(3) Contest (4) Contend (3) Stingy (4) Greedy
(5) Narrate (5) Heavy
Q.2. ABSOLUTE Q.5. INCOMMODE
(1) Deficient (2) Faulty (1) Cause trouble (2) Comfortable
(3) Limited (4) Scarce (3) Inconvenience (4) Small
(5) Final (5) Fresh
Q.3. VALUABLE Q.6. EXPLICIT
(1) Invaluable (2) Worthless (1) Clear (2) Straightforward
(3) Inferior (4) Lowly (3) Hidden (4) Closed
(5) Precious (5) Blunt
Q.4. HINDRANCE Q.7. CHURLISH
(1) Aid (2) Persuasion (1) Ill-mannered (2) Rude
(3) Cooperation (4) Agreement (3) Grumpy (4) Decent
(5) Hurdle (5) Sullen
Q.5. ALIEN Q.8. ASTATIC
(1) Native (2) Domiciled (1) Dynamic (2) Unstable
(3) Natural (4) Resident (3) Stable (4) Directionless
(5) International (5) Glad
Q.6. GARBLE Q.9. MOTLEY
(1) Enjoy (2) Rinse (1) Homogeneous (2) Deadly
(3) Clarify (4) Accept (3) Gloomy (4) Concise
(5) Stutter (5) Dreary
Q.7. FORTITUDE Q.10. BELITTLE
(1) Timidity (2) Laxity (1) Allure (2) Disturb
(3) Placidity (4) Ambition (3) Entangle (4) Ascend
(5) firm (5) Magnify
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EXPLANATION
EXERCISE 1 EXERCISE 2
Q.1.(4) Exiguous- small, slender. Q.1.(2) Confrontation-- A bold challenge or battle Which
which can also mean scanty can also mean challenge.
All other words are either antonyms or do not All other words are not related to word confrontation.
relate to the word exiguous. Q.2.(2) Untie- to undo the string or cords of
Q.2.(4) Recreancy- unfaithful, traitorous. Which can also mean unchain.
which can also mean cowardice. All other words are antonyms of the word untie.
For other options Q.3.(4) Alert- fully aware and attentive
Recreation-means the act of creating something new.
Which can also mean watchful.
Bravery- means courage.
For other options
Obstinate- means inflexibly persistence or an
Exclaim means to cry out or speak suddenly and
unyielding.
vehemently, as in surprise or protest.
Recuperation means to recover from financial loss
or sickness. Q.4.(3) Moving- causing or producing motion.
Q.3.(4) Proscribe-to put outside the protection of the law. Which can also mean shifting.
which can also mean outlaw. All other words are either antonyms or do not
All other words are not related to word proscribe. relate to word moving.
Q.4.(3) Ingest- to take, as food, into the body. Q.5.(2) Reckless- Utterly unconcerned about the
which can also mean to absorb. consequences of some action.
For other options Which can also mean rash.
Invigorate means to fill with life and energy, All other words are not related to words reckless.
energize. Q.6.(2) Launch-to start on a course, career, etc
Enrage means to make extremely angry. Which can also mean begin.
Q.5.(4) Monticule-a small mountain, hill or mound. Which Q.7.(2) Relied-to depend confidently.
can also mean a small hill Which can also mean depended.
All other words are either antonyms are not related Q.8.(5) Obtained-to attain or reach
to the word Monticule. Which can also mean attained.
Q.6.(1) Compendious- concise For other options
Which can also mean comprehensive.
Procured- means to bring about, especially by
All other words are either antonyms or do not unscrupolous and indirect means.
relate to the word compendious.
Conquered- means to acquire by force of arms.
Q.7.(3) Nadir- the lowest point.
Q.9.(4) Commemorate- to serve as a memorial or reminder
Which can also mean depth.
of which can also mean remember.
For other options
Q.10.(1) Connoisseur-a person who is especially competent to pass
Nebulous means indistinct or confused.
critical judgements in an art.
Asylum means a shelter from danger or hardship.
Which can also mean lover of art.
Q.8.(1) Somnambulistic- sleep walking.
For other options
All other words are not related to the word
somnambulistic Delinquent means failing in or neglectful of a duty
Q.9.(3) Premordial- original or obligation.
Which can also mean elementary. Gallant means brave or chivalrous.
All other words are either antonyms or do not EXERCISE 3
relate to word premordial. Q.1.(4) Repulsive- means tending to drive away or keep
Q.10.(3) Sombre- shadowy. at a distance which is opposite to attractive.
Which can also mean gloomy All other words are synonyms of word Repulsive.
For other options Q.2.(3) Amateur- means a person inexperienced or
Squalid- means poor or run-down unskilled in a particular activity which is opposite
Malicious means awful or venomous. to professional.
Complacement means pleasant. All other words are synonyms to word Amateur.

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Q.3.(4) Affirmed- means declare the truth of something For other options
which is opposite to denied. Laxity means easy attitude.
All other words are synonyms to word affirmed. Placidity means calm.
Q.4.(1) Vague- means not definite or clear which is Q.8.(2) pernicious means bad or harmful which is opposite
opposite to clear. to word healing.
All other words are synonyms to word vague. For other options
Q.5.(2) Casual- means without definite or serious intention Swerving- means turn aside or often to avoid
which is opposite to sincere. collision.
All other words are synonyms to word casual. Conservative- cautious or moderate.
Q.6.(4) Pamper means Kindness which is opposite to neglect Q.9.(2) Anathema means something hated which is
All other words are synonyms to word Pamper. opposite to word blessing.
Q.7.(3) Prevent- means to keep stop from doing occuring All other words are either synonyms or do not
which is opposite to allow. relate to word Anathema.
All other words are synonyms to word prevent. Q.10.(3) Concur means agree approve which is opposite to
Q.8.(4) Austere- means severe in manner or appearance word oppose.
which is opposite to calm.
EXERCISE 5
All other words are either synonyms or do not
Q.1.(1) Accept
relate to word Austere.
Q.2.(2) Dipsomaniac means a person who has a strong
Q.9.(4) Rigid means stiff or unyielding which is opposite
alcoholic drink therefore teetotaller means a
to flexible.
person who never drinks.
All other words are not related to word rigid.
Q.3.(3) Precipious- Done very quickly so thoughtful will
Q.10.(2) Adversity means adverse fortune or fate which is
be correct synonyms/
opposite to word prosperity.
For other options :
EXERCISE 4 steep- rising or falling quickly.
Q.1.(2) Confess means to admit which is opposite to Deny
Q.4.(3) Stingy- means not generous with money so this is
All other words are either synonyms or do not the opposite of magnanimous
relate to word confess.
For other options :
Q.2.(3) Absolute means without limit which is opposite
generous- charitable.
to limited.
All other words are not related to word Absolute. Q.5.(2) Incommode means restless so comfortable is the
opposite.
Q.3.(2) Valuable means very important or priceless which
is opposite to worthless. Q.6.(3) Explicit means open and Hidden means closed, it
will be the opposite.
All other words are either synonyms or do not
relate to word valuable. Q.7.(4) Churlish means rude or bad tempered so ‘Decent’
will be its antonym.
Q.4.(1) Hindrance means obstruction or difficulty which
is opposite to Aid. Q.8.(3) ‘Stable’ is the opposite word of ‘astatic’
Q.5.(1) Alien means foreign which is opposite to native. Q.9.(1) Motley- Consisting of many different types of
All other words are either synonyms or do not people. ‘Homogeneous’ means same type of
relate to word Alien. people so is opposite word.
Q.6.(3) Garble means confuse which is opposite to clarify. For other options :
All other words are not related to word Garble. Dreary - that makes you feel bad.
Q.7.(1) Fortitude means strength of mind or guts which Q.10.(5) belittle-To make someone or something
is opposite to timidity. unimportant so ‘magnify’ will be opposite.

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CHAPTER
PASSAGE
20
COMPLETION
Passage completion refers to an exercise of filling a Being able to solve a passage completion exercise, the student
passage with given words without altering the intended should fill in the blank(s) by using reading skills, common
meaning. Passage completion is an essential topic in various sense and analytical skills. If a sentence/phrase is missing,
competitive exams. Hence, people pursuing these exams must the correct sentence/phrase will be based on the context.
know how a ‘passage completion exercise’ is solved. With Taking into consideration the author’s writing and thinking
style will help them answer questions correctly.
the basic knowledge, some training and practise, anyone can
master the art of passage completion. The next step is identifying the correct sentence/phrase to fill
in the blank(s) in the passage. You must keep in mind that
This logical exercise will sharpen your analytical skills. You you may not be an expert reader, but you can still solve this
will be able to understand the passage in a much better way exercise. In order to do that, the general rules of grammar
after analysing the tone of the passage. and punctuation would be of great help but you must try
How to solve passage completion? and connect to the sense of the passage and what might be
missing and what could be the possible sentence/phrase to
To begin, when you start solving a passage, you must read fill in the blank and complete the meaning.
the passage carefully and try to understand the context of You must practice regularly after understanding the general
the passage. rules.
exercise LEVEL - 1
Q.3. For online studies, students need laptops or
EXERCISE- 1
smartphones, ________________________that
Q.1-3. In each of the following questions, fill in the
can’t be listed out.
blanks with phrase(s) which fits in the sentence
to make it both grammatically and contextually A. or electronic gadgets that are useful for studying
correct and coherent. B. other than small stationery items
Q.1. In a globalized world, country-wise restrictions can C. and a portal relevant to the studies
also be gotten around by ______________________ D. apart from the sundry little things for experiments
through a transit country. (1) Only A (2) Only B
A. channeling a disguised investment (3) Both A and C (4) Both B and D
B. ensuing a hidden plan of interest (5) Only C
C. devising a new plan EXERCISE- 2
D. ensured and easy returns Q.4-6. In each of the following questions, a short passage
(1) Only A is given with one of the lines in the passage
(2) Only B missing and represented by a blank. Select the
(3) Both A and C best out of the five answer choices given to make
(4) Both B and D the passage complete and coherent.
(5) Only C Q.4. A Railway Board communication said that Indian
Q.2. The PM has saved lives over livelihoods, and till Railways was identified as a “Waste Generator”
date, ________________________, India has done and had to take __________. Accordingly steps
very well on that front. should be taken to minimise generation of
A. even after numerous backlashes plastic waste and for its eco-friendly disposal.
B. if we talk about the declining GDP at present (1) encouragement of all railway vendors to avoid
C. against all odds and despite some unexpected use of plastic carry bags
hurdles (2) adequate preventive measures to follow Plastic
D. after the so-called rebellion Waste Management rules.
(1) Only A (2) Only B (3) implemented return of plastic drinking bottles
(3) Both A and C (4) Both B and D (4) enforced a ban on single-use plastic materials
(5) Only C (5) a change within the society
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Q.5. Frequent elections, according to experts, D. left and right part of the brain and energizes the
hamper long-term policymaking because every corresponding pituitary gland
decision is seen as bait for votes. Hence, to end (1) Both (B) and (C) (2) Only (C)
this vicious cycle of elections, The PM had (3) Both (C) and (D) (4) Only (B)
recommended holding of simultaneous Lok Sabha (5) All of the above
and Assembly elections all over the country. Q.8. Sanitary workers will have to scan the code after
____________ when he said that there was an collecting trash from a house. The scanning will send a
emerging idea within the political parties that the message to the civic body’s control room. The system is
elections should be held together. expected ………… skipping any house. If a worker
(1) The expert's opinion about policy making was will not cover the allotted area, the control room
declined. will receive a pop-up alert.
(2) It puts pressure on political parties, especially A. us improve the city’s swachhta ranking.
smaller ones. B. to make sanitary workers cover an entire area without
(3) It increased the cost of management to the C. scoring poorly in the All India Swachhta Ranking
election commission. because of poor waste management.
(4) The PM’s stand on the issue received support D. to ensure 100% door-to-door garbage collection
from the President in the city.
(5) In the first three elections, it was virtually one- (1) Both (B) and (C) (2) Only (D)
party rule. (3) Both (C) and (D) (4) Only (B)
Q.6. In 2012, the Ministry of communications and (5) All of the above
Information Technology issued a compulsory Q.9. Having explained the role of your manager, it is
registration order to safeguard consumers from important for you to realise that ___________. If the
substandard electrical and electronic items. goals are not clear, you could have clarified and sought
This move is understandable. However, under the feedback voluntarily from your manager on what’s
order, new equipment cannot be imported into or going well and what's not. This could have helped
sold in India _______________. you in course correction and changing tracks, if
(1) Unless it is tested and registered with the Bureau needed, to achieve your targets.
of Indian Standards’ approved testing labs in India A. you are equally responsible for your performance.
(2) Without a sound policy in place this would B. have raised is about handling the skip-level boss
remain a dream. C. you have to deal with the ego of the person you
(3) Because 85% of Indians still don’t have access report to
to the Internet, and a majority of them live in rural D. you must seek an appointment with your
India. manager’s boss
(4) Because FDI in e-commerce sector remains (1) Both (B) and (C) (2) Only (D)
restricted. (3) Both (C) and (D) (4) Only (A)
(5) Unless the department of Industrial Policy and (5) All except (B)
Promotion allows at least 51% FDI in e-commerce. Q.10. Rampant floods have affected as many as 2.3 billion
EXERCISE- 3 people in the last two decades. Data science and
Q.7-11. In each of the following questions, a paragraph artificial intelligence can help_________ to build
with a blank has been given. Choose the best dams at correct locations to minimize loss. Founded
possible phrase(s) to fill in the blank to complete in 2014, San Francisco-based Bayes Impact is a group
the passage appropriately. of experienced data scientists assisting nonprofits in
Q.7. Did you know ‘uthak baithak’ is not just a form of tackling some of the world’s heaviest data challenges.
classroom punishment but also a traditional practice A. predict upcoming floods in the next 100–500
which many did while offering prayers? The practice years, which can be used
is ____________. Just like some other most B. coach to analyze an opposing team’s lineup and
common Indian traditions, this ancient punishment run predictive models
too has scientific reasons behind it. C. redesigns and curates a program based on
A. highly increases your grasping power and monitoring more than 40 million
improve memory D. with customization and personalization for each
B. being truly astonishing as it found an Alpha learner
waves activity (1) Both (B) and (C) (2) Only (D)
C. extremely common in South Indian temples even (3) Both (A) and (D) (4) Only (B)
now. (5) All of the above
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Q.11. There’s hardly an industry that has been left created metropolitan areas would face what is now
untouched by data science - from healthcare and a familiar pattern of urban ills.
business to astronomical discoveries and even (1) The inclusion of the preparation of national
home entertainment - it is moulding the way we spatial strategy
interact and use data to make headway for our (2) The urban population at present is 377 million.
culture, businesses, and lifestyles. The multi- (3) Some recommendations on the bill are deeply
disciplinary field has been ___________ world’s flawed
data was gathered in just the last few years and by (4) A question should also be asked about
2020 each human being on Earth will be generating transferring urban planning powers to local bodies
around 1.7 megabytes of data every second. and strengthening them
A. delivering results at exponential rates backstage; (5) This is also the World Bank’s position on Indian
over 90% of the cities
B. predict the optimal price for a rental based on its Q.14. _____. In fact, his neighbourhood admirers wait for him to
location,. play. It was his love for music that started him on his enduring
C. revolutionizing how rental owners can best set romance with antiques. When one of his brothers sold his
their prices. grandfather’s old piano for want of space in the house,
D. changing the way that teams prepare for a game. Ashely began his search for a replacement and ended up
(1) Both (B) and (C) (2) Only (D) collecting antiques.
(3) Both (C) and (D) (4) Only (A) (1) Collecting and maintaining vintage items in
(5) All of the above itself is an art
EXERCISE- 4 (2) He made this arrangement for safety
Q.12-15. In each of the following sentences, there is one (3) Everywhere, doors open on cue and lights switch
blank space. Below it five sentences have been on automatically
denoted by numbers (1), (2), (3), (4) and (5). Find (4) Ashely plays his violin even at midnight.
out which sentence can be filled up in the blank (5) The urge to possess them is irresistible
in the sentence in the same sequence to make Q.15. _____________especially in India, the country
the sentence meaningfully complete. with the largest number of TB cases. India’s rise
Q.12. A disappointing feature of India’s foreign in the field of science and technology has been
policy since Independence has been the almost grabbing headlines in the recent past. Last month,
complete absence of a meaningful debate about Science, the world’s leading science journal, carried
it. Early on, no one dared, within and without the an entire section on science in India.
government, to question the policy laid down (1) The emergence of drug resistant TB has made
by Jawaharlal Nehru. This continued right up things worse
to the present times, when the nuclear deal (2) Amid these positive developments, we
with the United States generated a good deal of should ask if India’s progress is reflected in how
discussion, much of it though on ideological tuberculosis is controlled
grounds_____________. (3) March 24 was World TB Day, and a good time
(1) In fact, the group could have done well by to take stock of progress in tuberculosis control
including an expert on internal security in its work. (4) A laudable but insufficient achievement in a
(2) It is not usual for foreign policy mandarins to country of 1.2 billion people
think of internal security issues while pondering (5) Both (1) and (3)
over their agenda. EXERCISE- 5
(3) The general thrust is to take a cautious attitude Q.16-20. In each of the following questions, fill in the
so as not to unnecessarily provoke China. blanks with phrase(s) which fits in the sentence
(4) The document gives us a comprehensive to make it both grammatically and contextually
overview of the challenges facing and opportunities correct and coherent.
available to India in the years ahead. Q.16. Teachers have the __________________of their
(5) Equally unfortunate is the importance attached students. A platform solely for educators, believes
to the desirability of consensus in foreign policy in this power of the teachers to transform children's
Q.13. ___________ (31 per cent of the total population) lives and positively impact society.
and about half this number live in the 50-million- A. power to enhance the comprehending skills
plus cities. When the urban population surges B. ability to make them learn as per abilities
and crosses 600 million in 2031, mega C. power to nurture and unleash the potential
cities will burst at the seams and even the newly D. skill to demonstrate the more knowledge as
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(1) Only A (2) Both B and C Q.19. The state guarantees people a meagre 100 days
(3) Both A and C (4) Both B and D of basic subsistence wages under MGNREGA.
(5) Only D A programme such as this is needed in our
Q.17. The Opposition supposedly does a better service country ______________ the Indian growth
for any programme in highlighting implementation story to provide respectable jobs to people.
problems rather than _______________facilitate A. is a technical failure of
the programme. B. reveals a negative aspect and inability of
A. hindering betterment which could C. is a testimony to the systemic failure of
B. enhancing quality that might D. is laudatory for
C. opposing improvements which could (1) Only A (2) Both B and C
D. supporting fruitful suggestions which could (3) Both A and C (4) Both B and D
(1) Only A (2) Both B and C
(5) Only D
(3) Both A and C (4) Both B and D
Q.20. _______________stubble burning i.e., to not set
(5) Only D
their fields on fires, requires reaching out to them
Q.18. In a welcome step, the Food Safety and
on multiple fronts such as educational programmes,
Standards Authority of India has notified a draft
not just with cash incentives.
regulation aimed at ___________rich in fat,
A. Requesting industries to discourage
sugar and salt to school children inside the school
premises and within 50 m around it. B. Persuading farmers to give up
A. dislocating the consumption of food C. Assuming that stopping the
B. encouraging the sale of food items D. Wanting farmers to breaking-off from
C. spreading awareness against eatables (1) Only A
D. prohibiting the sale and advertisement of food (2) Both B and C
(1) Only A (2) Both B and C (3) Both A and C
(3) Both A and C (4) Both B and D (4) Both B and D
(5) Only D (5) Only D
EXPLANATION LEVEL - 1
the issue got support from others-one of them is
EXERCISE 1
President. Option (4) is the most appropriate one
Q.1.(3) Option B states ‘ensuing (v – happening as a
to make the passage complete and coherent.
result)’ a hidden plan which is contextually
Q.6.(1) At the end of the passage, equipment is mentioned
inappropriate.
and that equipment needs to be tested and
Option D states ‘ensured returns’ but the source
registered with the registered authority and once
of these returns is not mentioned which makes it
everything is found OK, the trading of equipment
contextually inappropriate.
should be done so, the option (1) is the most
Q.2.(3) After joining option B with the sentence, the
appropriate one to make it complete and coherent.
meaning is- ‘India has done well on current
declining GDP’ which seems contradictory and EXERCISE 3
hence inappropriate. Q.7.(2) Option A is grammatically wrong 'is' and 'increases'
Option D states ‘rebellion’ which doesn’t fit in do not connect anyways.
contextually. Option B is not correct because ‘Alpha waves
Q.3.(4) Option A and C with the phrase ahead of activity’ are not talked about anywhere else in
the blank, the meanings are- ‘electronic the paragraph so it is contextually inappropriate.
gadgets can’t be listed out (but they have been Option D is contextually incorrect because
mentioned-computers)’ and ‘portal can’t be listed ‘practice’ and ‘left and right part of the brain’ are
out (portal is an online platform)’ which is not two different things.
meaningful at all and hence can’t be the answers. Option C is correct because the practice of ‘uthak
baithak’ is extremely common in South Indian
EXERCISE 2
temples even now is contextually correct.
Q.4.(2) In the beginning of the passage, Railway Board
is mentioned so the Board had to take some Q.8.(4) So, Option A is grammatically wrong because ‘the
preventive measures and that is given in Option system is expected us’ is not making any sense.
(2). Option C is grammatically wrong because
Q.5.(4) In the preceding sentence before blank, PM had ‘the system is expected’ and immediately after
given a recommendation so, his 'this stand' on it use of a gerund is grammatically wrong.

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Option D is wrong because it ends on ‘in the
EXERCISE 4
city’ which is no anymore linking with skipping
Q.12.(5) The passage starts on a disappointing tone
any house so it can’t be put in here. Option B is
and states that there’s not much heed paid to
correct because it is contextually correct and after
the deal with foreign nations. Hence, options
‘preposition’ generally gerund comes so without
(5) fits in the best way as it states that the
skipping any house is grammatically correct as
agreement for foreign policy is uncertain which is
well.
matching with the theme of the passage.
Q.9.(4) Option B is wrong grammatically, because ‘you
Q.13.(2) The passage is about urban population, its
to realise that’ and have are not connecting.
unprecedented growth and related problems.
Option C is wrong because having explained the So, in order to start the sentence, a small phrase
manager’s role, nobody is saying that you have concerned with population is needed.
to deal with anyone’s ego or you are any less to Q.14.(4) The passage is about Ashely and his passion for
anyone it is just that you are better aware of your violin playing and music. Therefore, options 4 fits
duties and tasks so this option is also gone. in as it mentions that Ashley plays music even at
Option D is wrong because nowhere before midnight completing the passage ahead.
this option has ‘appointment’ been mentioned Q.15.(5) The passage is about world TB day and the concern
or explained so we don‘t see any link of this over this disease. Both options 1 and 3 connect
particular option to the given paragraph. with the passage as they state about TB.
Only A is correct because ‘even after explaining EXERCISE 1
the role of your manager you are also equally Q.16.(3) For Option B – It cannot be the answer as ‘them’
responsible for your performance’. is mentioned and whom it refers isn’t mentioned.
Q.10.(3) Help takes ‘bare infinitive’ so technically option For Option D – In this part 'more' is mentioned
A is correct moreover it is also giving the sense of and further after the blank 'of' is given, which is
‘prediction’ which is contextually correct as well. incorrect, if connected.
Option B is not correct because ‘coach’ and ‘team’ Q.17.(3) Contrary ideas are required before and after
are pretty much not the part of the ‘Data science ‘rather than’. Here before 'rather than' a positive
and artificial intelligence’. thought is mentioned which indicates the
Option C is not grammatically correct because latter part to be the negative one. Both options
‘Data science and artificial intelligence’ it is a B and D are positive phrases which are irrelevant
plural subject so it should be connected with a to the context.
‘plural verb’ while ‘redesigns’ is singular so this Q.18.(5) Only option ‘D’ fits in as the sentence ahead
option is eliminated. suggests an action taken to prohibit a sale near
Option D is correct because ‘Data science and schools which is mentioned only in option D.
artificial intelligence’ both can definitely help with Option C could have been the answer but adding it
the customization and other processes ‘to build to the sentence would give a sense that awareness
dams at correct locations’. must be spread within 50 m around the school
Q.11.(4) Has/have been takes Ving with it so we are which is irrelevant.
clear now that Option B is eliminated clearly Q.19.(2) For Option ‘A’ – ‘technical’ failure makes no sense
then moving forward option D is talking about here.
teams and game which isn’t relevant so it is For Option ‘D’ – ‘laudatory’ isn’t correct here as
eliminated, now Option C is talking about ‘rental MGNREGA provides work for a short time only
owners’ which again is not related to ‘Data which isn’t a positive aspect.
Science’. Q.20.(4) For Option ‘A’ – It isn’t relevant as stubble burning
Hence Option A is clearly expressing the message is the concern of farmers and not the industries.
forward as, “The multi-disciplinary field has been For Option C – It cannot be the answer as ‘their’
delivering results at exponential rates backstage; is mentioned in the sentence ahead but whom it
over 90% of the world’s data…..” refers isn’t mentioned in the option.

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exercise LEVEL - 2
C. combined with a urine test, the scan detects a
EXERCISE- 1
group of patients who come off
Q.1-5. In the following passage, there are three blanks
(1) A-B-C (2) C-B-A
given which need to filled with the alternatives
(3) B-A-C (4) A-C-B
(A, B & C) suggested below the passage (but
(5) B-C-A
not in order), read the passage and alternatives
Q.2. Scientists have decoded the physical process that
carefully and decide which of the options
takes place in the mouth when a piece of chocolate
is representing the correct sequence of the
is eaten, as it___________________________. By
alternatives to be filled in respectively.
analysing each of the steps, the interdisciplinary
Q.1. Doctors at Queen Mary University of London
research team at the University of Leeds hope it
and Barts Hospital, and Cambridge University
will lead to the development of a new generation of
Hospital, have led research using a new type of CT
luxury chocolates that will have the same feel and
scan to light up tiny nodules in a hormone gland
texture but will be healthier to consume. During
and cure high blood pressure by their removal.
the moments it is in the mouth, the chocolate
The nodules are discovered in one-in-twenty
sensation_____________________, either from
people with high blood pressure. The research
ingredients in the chocolate itself or from saliva or a
solves a 60-year problem of how to detect the
combination of the two. Fat plays a key function
hormone producing nodules without a difficult
almost immediately when a piece of chocolate is
catheter study that is available in only a handful of
in contact with the tongue. After that, solid cocoa
hospitals, and often fails. The research also found
particles are released and they become important
that, when ______________________ all their
in terms of the tactile sensation, so fat deeper
blood pressure medicines after treatment.
inside the chocolate plays a rather limited role and
128 people participated in the study of a
could be reduced without having an impact on the
new scan after doctors found that their
feel or sensation of chocolate.
Hypertension (high blood pressure) was
Anwesha Sarkar, Professor of Colloids and
caused by a steroid hormone, aldosterone.
Surfaces in the School of Food Science and
The scan ________________________, this
Nutrition at Leeds, said: "Lubrication science
is coming from a benign nodule in just one of
gives mechanistic insights into how food
the adrenal glands, which can then be safely
actually feels in the mouth. You can use that
removed. The scan uses a very short-acting dose
knowledge to design food with better taste, texture
of metomidate, a radioactive dye that sticks
or health benefits. "If a chocolate has 5% fat or 50%
only to the aldosterone-producing nodule. The
fat it will still form droplets in the mouth and that
scan was as accurate as the old catheter test, but
gives you the chocolate sensation. However, it is the
quick, painless and technically successful in every
location of the fat in the make-up of the chocolate
patient. Until now, ______________________
which___________________. "We are showing
by surgical removal of the gland. By contrast,
that the fat layer needs to be on the outer layer of
the combination of a 'hot nodule' on the
the chocolate, this matters the most, followed by
scan and urine steroid test detected 18 of
effective coating of the cocoa particles by fat, these
the 24 patients who achieved a normal blood
help to make chocolate feel so good."
pressure off all their drugs. The research,
A. matters in each stage of lubrication, and that
conducted on patients at Barts Hospital,
has been rarely researched
Cambridge University Hospital, and Guy's and
B. changes from a solid into a smooth emulsion
St Thomas's, and Universities of Glasgow
that many people find totally irresistible
and Birmingham, was funded by the National
C. arises from the way the chocolate is lubricated
Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR)
(1) A-B-C (2) C-B-A
and Medical Research Council (MRC)
(3) B-A-C (4) A-C-B
partnership, Barts Charity, and the British Heart
(5) B-C-A
Foundation.
Q.3. Mounting evidence suggests that prolonged
A. the catheter test was unable to predict
sitting -- a staple of modern-day life -- is
which patients would be completely cured of
hazardous to your health, even if you exercise
hypertension
regularly. Based on these findings, doctors advise
B. found that in two thirds of patients with elevated
all adults to sit less and move more. But how
aldosterone secretion
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often do we need to get up from our chairs? language seem to be supported by different
And for how long? Few studies have_______ brain networks. But we have one brain, and the
______________________ : What is the least two are processed in the same brain, so there
amount of activity needed to counteract the health is a lot of interaction going on," Lai said. "We
impact of a workday filled with sitting? show that when people are in a negative mood,
Now a study by Columbia University exercise they are more careful and analytical. They
physiologists has an answer: just five minutes scrutinize what's actually stated in a text, and
of walking every half hour during periods of they don't just fall back on their default world
prolonged sitting can offset some of the most knowledge." Lai and her study co-authors set
harmful effects. The study, led by Keith Diaz, out to manipulate study participants' moods
PhD, associate professor of behavioral medicine at by showing them clips from a sad movie --
Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians "Sophie's Choice" -- or a funny televsion show
and Surgeons, was published online in Medicine -- "Friends."_____________________ . While
& Science in Sports & Exercise, the journal of the funny clips did not impact participants' moods,
the American College of Sports Medicine. Unlike the sad clips succeeded in putting participants in a
other studies that test one or two activity options, more negative mood, the researchers found. The
Diaz's study______________ , one minute after participants then listened to a series of emotionally
60 minutes; five minutes every 30; five minutes neutral audio recordings of four-sentence stories
every 60; and no walking. that each contained a "critical sentence" that either
"If we hadn't compared multiple options supported or violated default, or familiar, word
and varied the frequency and duration of the knowledge. That sentence was displayed one word
exercise, we would have only been able to at a time on a computer screen, while participants'
provide people with our best guesses of the brain waves were monitored by EEG, a test that
optimal routine," Diaz says. Each of the 11 measures brain waves.
adults who participated in the study came to For example, the researchers presented study
Diaz's laboratory, where participants sat in an _________________________." In a separate
ergonomic chair for eight hours, rising only for story about stargazing, the same critical sentence
their_______________________ . Researchers was altered to read "With the lights on, you can
kept an eye on each participant to ensure they see less." Although that statement is accurate in the
did not over- or under exercise and periodically context of stargazing, the idea that turning on the
measured the participants' blood pressure and blood lights would cause a person to see less is a much less
sugar (key indicators of cardiovascular health). familiar concept that defies default knowledge.
Participants were allowed to work on a laptop, A. how people's brains react to language when
read, and use their phones during the sessions and they are in a happy mood versus a negative mood
were provided standardized meals. B. participants with a story about driving at night
A. tested five different exercise "snacks": one that ended with the critical sentence "With the
minute of walking after every 30 minutes of sitting lights on, you can see more
B. compared multiple options to come up with the C. A computerized survey was used to evaluate
answer most office workers want participants' moods before and after watching the
C. prescribed exercise snack of treadmill walking clips
or a bathroom break (1) A-B-C (2) C-B-A
(1) A-B-C (2) C-B-A (3) B-A-C (4) A-C-B
(3) B-A-C (4) A-C-B (5) B-C-A
(5) B-C-A Q.5. Reaching out to support a person when they're
Q.4. When people are in a negative mood, they may under stress is always a good idea. But a new
be quicker to spot inconsistencies in things they study suggests that support could be especially
read, a new University of Arizona-led study important _______________________. The
suggests. The study, published in Frontiers in study shows the importance of social support
Communication, builds on existing research on in buffering the risk of developing depression
how the brain processes language. symptoms in general, using data from two very
Vicky Lai, a UArizona assistant professor of different groups of people under stress: new
psychology and cognitive science, worked with doctors____________________. But the largest
collaborators in the Netherlands to explore effect was seen in those who had the most genetic
__________________________ . "Mood and variation that raised the risk of depression.
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The paper uses a measure of genetic risk called a (5) You are free when you follow only your heart
polygenic risk score, which is based on decades though you do what you want to do and stay away
of research about what tiny variations in specific from unnecessary and misleading suggestions
genes are linked to depression risk. Compared to taking to you a nirvana like state of mind.
individuals in the study who had low depression Q.7. A. Consensus broke down over taxing lotteries.
polygenic risk scores, the doctors and widows with B. The council had to hold its first-ever vote to
higher risk scores had higher rates of depression impose a uniform countrywide rate.
after they lost social support, but also had lower C. Bigger issues appear to have been left
rates of depression___________________. The unaddressed.
study, published in the American Journal of D. Our goods and services tax remains riddled
Psychiatry by a University of Michigan team, with imperfections.
suggests that more could be done to target social (1) Consensus broke down over taxing lotteries
support to those who can most benefit. and the council had to hold its first-ever vote to
A. when they gained social support during stressful impose a uniform countrywide rate. So, bigger
times issues appear to have been left unaddressed as
B. for someone whose genetic makeup makes our goods and services tax remains riddled with
them more likely to develop depression imperfections
C. in the most intense year of training, and older (2) Consensus broke down over taxing lotteries so
adults whose spouses recently died the council had to hold its first-ever vote to impose
(1) A-B-C (2) C-B-A a uniform countrywide rate. Therefore, bigger
(3) B-A-C (4) A-C-B issues appear to have been left unaddressed as
(5) B-C-A our goods and services tax remains riddled with
EXERCISE- 2 imperfections.
Q.6-8. In each of the following questions, four short (3) Consensus broke down over taxing lotteries
independent sentences are given. Below them and the council had to hold its first-ever vote to
four long sentences are written by combining impose a uniform countrywide rate whereas bigger
all the four short sentences. Choose the most issues appear to have been left unaddressed as
appropriate grammatically and contextually our goods and services tax remains riddled with
combined sentence conveying the same imperfections.
message. (4) Consensus broke down over taxing lotteries
Q.6. A. You are free when you follow only your heart. but the council had to hold its first-ever vote to
B. You do what you want to do. impose a uniform countrywide rate because bigger
C. You stay away from unnecessary and misleading issues appear to have been left unaddressed as
suggestions. our goods and services tax remains riddled with
D. This takes to you a nirvana like state of mind. imperfections
(1) You are free when you follow only your heart (5) Consensus broke down over taxing lotteries
but you do what you want to do and stay away and the council had to hold its first-ever vote to
from unnecessary and misleading suggestions impose a uniform countrywide rate. However,
which take you to a nirvana like state of mind. bigger issues appear to have been left unaddressed
(2) Although you are free when you follow as our goods and services tax remains riddled with
only your heart, you do what you want to imperfections.
do by staying away from unnecessary and Q.8. A. A silent revolution has been sweeping through
misleading suggestions taking to you a nirvana many Indian cities.
like state of mind. B. It is creating a huge business opportunity.
(3) You are free when you follow only your heart C. Private equity and venture capital seem to have
as you not only do what you want to do but also missed this action.
stay away from unnecessary and misleading D. The product segment is without an angle and
suggestions taking to you a nirvana like state of isn’t upmarket enough.
mind. (1) A silent revolution has been sweeping through
(4) You are free when you follow only your many Indian cities as it is creating a huge business
heart and you do what you want to do whereas opportunity. Therefore, private equity and venture
you stay away from unnecessary and misleading capital seem to have missed this action due to the
suggestions that take you to a nirvana like state product segment is without an angle and isn’t
of mind. upmarket enough.
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(2) A silent revolution has been sweeping through So, when nations _________________________
many Indian cities which is creating a huge for needs other than national defence.
business opportunity which is why private equity A. the nations realized that having a concentrated
and venture capital seem to have missed this action power with one administration reduced the
due to the product segment is without an angle and likelihood of tyranny
isn’t upmarket enough. B. ease in which businesses conduct operations
(3) A silent revolution has been sweeping through in different countries other than their own
many Indian cities as a result creating a huge C. create common payment formats, and opening
business opportunity. Moreover, private equity product access by reducing export barriers
and venture capital seem to have missed this action D. work together to fund common goals, then more
since the product segment is without an angle and money becomes useful
isn’t upmarket enough. (1) A and D (2) A and C
(4) A silent revolution has been sweeping through (3) B and D (4) B and C
many Indian cities which is creating a huge (5) C and D
business opportunity. However, private equity and Q.10. A healthy body is the house of a healthy mind.
venture capital seem to have missed this action At the growing age, it comes with lot of physical
because the product segment is without an angle activities, games and sports played outside in the
and isn’t upmarket enough. open spaces and play grounds, which are perishing
(5) A silent revolution has been sweeping through fast. These outer spaces significantly impact
many Indian cities which is creating a huge ____________ lies in the very environment he
business opportunity. Moreover, private equity she resides in. Environmental structures such
and venture capital seem to have missed this action as parks and playgrounds act as a platform for
due to the product segment is without an angle and children to engage in physical activities. A report
isn’t upmarket enough. for District Information System for Education
EXERCISE- 3 (DISE) emphasizes that even 40% of schools
Q.9-13. In each of the following passage, two of the in India lacks playgrounds. This downfall has
lines/phrases are missing, against them, significantly affected children’s various aspects
four phrases are suggested as an alternative, of growth and has developed several harmful
and choose the appropriate option which dispositions into them. In today’s time, a great
represents the sentences/phrases that can be number of residential spaces have turned into
filled in the blanks respectively to complete the concise and congested flats, leaving minimum
paragraph in a coherent way. open spaces affecting adversely the ____________
Q.9. Globalization refers to several different concepts more engaged in digital instruments, mobiles,
all rolled into one package. It may refer to TVs, Computers, Internet browsing. All
the ________________________. Some look this impacts their natural growth and lead
at this subject as a way to create a world to negative tendencies. Many youngsters have
without national borders. There are concepts lost their lives playing game on mobile without
of communication, information access, and the knowledge of their parents.
technology development to consider when A. the unplanned growth of metropolitan cities
looking at this subject matter too. While with rise of India greatly contributing to the shortage of
of protectionism and nationalism, there have playgrounds spaces
been hiccups in last few years, experts say B. existing playgrounds used as commercial
globalization is here to stay. Global industry ventures which discourage children to use the
supply chains are far too closely linked to be C. our mental and physical well-being as the
decoupled now. Experts point to a lot of foundation of a person’s growth and betterment
advantages of globalization like cheap products D. creativity and positive thought process of
and access to people skills across borders. upcoming generation that remains
Globalization allows us to pool all our resources (1) A and D (2) A and C
together. One of the best examples of globalization (3) B and D (4) B and C
is the construction of the International Space (5) C and D
Station. The cost to construct the ISS was Q.11. Social Media has not only reshaped communication
$150 billion. The United States, Russia, industry but has also redefined the ways in
Canada, Europe, and Japan are all involved in the which we communicate and express. Social
financing and continued operations of the program. media websites such as Facebook, Instagram,
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LinkedIn etc. constantly engage people in some (1) A and D (2) A and C
or the other activity and amass people to get (3) B and D (4) B and C
on the bandwagon of trending activities. We (5) C and D
have _____________________. It is sweeping Q.13. Women Empowerment has become a highly
across geographies, industries and almost every debated social issue not only in India but also
sphere. Not only individuals but also businesses, around the Globe. Is the woman’s voice heard or it
governments are utilizing social media platforms continues to be neglected despite all the civilization
for constant engagement with the masses. Though advancement?
__________________ , its constant engagement Hearing the independent women’s voice and
is affecting individual productivity, relationships helping the women to ensure that their voices are
and society as a whole. heard has given rise to #MeToo Campaign, NGOs
A. expressed one’s views and ideas without any are _______________________. Government
reservations or biasness of India has also enacted various rules and
B. embraced it so tenaciously that social media is regulations within the constitutional framework
now an integral part of our lives to improve female representation in different
C. social media offers a global platform to share professions. As such not only IIMs but also many
events, memories and express feelings other B-schools, other professional
D. it proves to be a great distraction for employees institutions, as well as job opportunities
who may show more interest in their tasks. in almost all types of male dominated
(1) A and D (2) A and C professions including Indian Air Force,
(3) B and D (4) B and C Navy and Army ______________________ .
(5) C and D Gender equality is something that we have
Q.12. Adobe reports that total global e-commerce strived for, for a long time. Be it in terms of
sales touched $4.2 trillion recently, which is gender roles, right to education. The times have
markedly the biggest revenue in this sector so changed tremendously, but much more needs to
far. Driven by the pandemic, physical stores were be done. Gender inequality acknowledges the
engaged less over the last 2 years and the fact that being of a different gender leads to
consumers went online. The figures and trajectory difference in lived experiences.
however indicate that this growth is lesser than A. allowing women of all ages to enter the temple
expected. E.g. going by the figures, in the US, and follow their devotion
penetration of the __________________ that B. illegalised derogatory practices like Sati, child
dominate 83% of the market. But the question is Will marriage and female foeticide
E-commerce dominate physical stores in the future. C. coming forward to safeguard against the
Governments’ earlier plans to open this sector to women’s emotion abuse
Foreign Direct Investments seem to have gone on D. have started awarding higher weightage to
halt for a while now. Although FDI is not allowed female candidates for gender diversity
in e-commerce, ________________________ (1) A and D (2) A and C
or by way of complex corporate structures. (3) B and D (4) B and C
India’s anti-FDI lobby is very strong in the (5) C and D
e-commerce sector. In fact, some prominent online EXERCISE- 4
players are not in favor of FDI in India in this Q.14-16. In each of the following questions, a paragraph
industry. As the FDI will be permitted, the American is given. Start it by choosing the option(s) given
major Amazon will shift its inventory-based below it in the best possible way.
model in India and this kind of competition is not Q.14. ………… suggesting that the growth rates of
welcome in India any time soon. firms employing more than 100 workers increased
A. total grocery and consumer durable market still at a higher rate than the rest of the country
is in favor of bricks and mortar firms after labour reforms. But worker organisations
B. online stores in our country like Amazon and claim that the implementation of such stringent
Myntra do not store inventory labour laws in most States is generally lax.
C. all noted companies have foreign funds in Clearly, a cross-State analysis of labour
some form which is not prohibited from foreign movement and increase in employment should
investment give a better picture of the impact of these rules.
D. online shopping simplifies the selling of low- (A) The Centre taking a stand against treating them
quality products with deceptive photos as refugees,
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(B) India is not a signatory to the UN Convention forming friendships etc. Guidance and support
on the Status of Refugees, 1951, and a Protocol are very important to help them overcome these
adopted in 1967 problems. So, educational institutions (A)
(C) The Economic Survey highlighted the effect ____________.
of labour reforms, In 2020, on an average 34 students committed
(D) There is greater recognition now than in the suicide every day due to several reasons such
past that Section 124A is neither relevant as exam pressure, relationship issues etc. So, it
(1) Both (B) and (C) (2) Only (D) is very important to provide support for them
(3) Only (C) (4) Only (B) in educational institutions. Counsellors can help
(5) All of the above them to cope with (B) _______________.
Q.15. ………… involving conscious engagement with If the student suffers from mental health
the EPCs and exporters to quickly address domestic issues such as severe depressions, counsellors
and overseas constraints impacting exports. A will take steps to get them treated by psychiatrists.
special initiative is underway with respect to Covid pandemic affected the mental health of
China and the U.S. in light of opportunities offered many people. As schools and colleges were
by their trade dispute,” an official release said. shut down for a long time, many students felt
(A) The Temporary shutdown of ONGC isolated and that caused an even more negative
Mangalore Petrochemical Limited impact on mental health. As schools and colleges
(B) Merchandise exports fell nearly 10% to $25.01 have reopened, students need help to adapt to the
billion as against new normal.
(C) It should be noted that the retail sector expects (1) A. punish students, who are not scoring well
e-commerce to grow from in exams
(D) Department of Commerce is pro-actively B. teachers to draft teaching strategies that are
pursuing an export promotion strategy suitable for students
(1) Both (B) and (C) (2) Only (D) (2) A. have learning disabilities and can detect
(3) Only (C) (4) Only (A) these issues
(5) All of the above B. consulting psychologists outside may force
Q.16. ………… that India is the third-highest consumer students to skip classes
of materials after China and the U.S.; the (3) A. should have mental health professionals to
Economic Survey estimates that India's demand help students
for total material will double by 2030 at current B. the pressures and can help in improving their
rates of growth. Plastics may be less expensive mental health
than other inputs in manufacturing, but recycling (4) A. can help students in attending classes while
them into new products extends their life and taking counselling
provides a substitute for virgin material. B. important things such as time management
(A) Keeping them out of the environment reduces skills, goal setting skills etc.
clean-up and pollution costs (5) A. do not even understand what they are going
(B) Recovering materials from garbage should be through
a high priority, considering B. a counsellor at their educational institution
(C) Unfortunately, in spite of legal requirements, Q.18. The concept – “Think globally, act locally” was
municipal and pollution control authorities say derived from the book written in the year 1915
(D) Making municipal and pollution control by Patrick Geddes, a social activist and a town
authorities accountable is also equally important planner. He stated that town planning should be
(1) Both (B) and (C) (2) Only (B) done while keeping the environment in mind.
(3) Only (C) (4) Only (A) and (C) So, from them, environmentalists reiterate the
(5) All of the above concept by saying that while taking any action, the
EXERCISE- 5 whole health of the planet should be kept in mind,
Q.17-19. In each of the following questions, a short because (A) _______________________. With
passage with two blank spaces is given. time, the phrase is used in many contexts such as
Against them a set of five alternatives are environment, business, education, mathematics etc.
suggested. Read the passage carefully and Many people wait for international action on
fill in the blanks with most suitable option. fixing global issues such as climate change,
Q.17. Many students struggle with several issues pollution, unemployment etc. But a few people
such as anxiety, self-esteem issues, trouble with are taking the (B) ________________________ in
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everyday activities. So, they are thinking about B. this too negatively affects the health of
the issues at a global level and are acting locally inhabitants.
to bring change. These ideas can be implemented (4) A. will be difficult to ensure quality life to all
by other local communities creating a big change. kinds of
(1) A. local communities do not result in the B. more population causes a burden on government
change at the global level (5) A. have better facilities such as super specialty
B. vast amount of greenhouse gases negating the hospitals, good educational institutions in rural
positive impact created by others. areas
(2) A. many companies that operate in two or more B. small towns will make people stay in the areas
countries instead of migrating to cities for those facilities
B. products and services from other countries to EXERCISE- 6
move Indian currency outside the nation. Q.20-22. In each of the following questions, read the
(3) A. MNCs do market research and after knowing given short paragraphs (A, B, C and D) which
about the local needs and the local culture are the parts of a passage. A short paragraph/
B. services to suit the environment while sentence related to the same passage is also
maintaining consistency with the natural harmony given below the paragraphs (A, B, C and D).
(4) A. local actions cause a significant impact on Read all the paragraphs carefully and answer
the world where the given paragraph/sentence should be
B. responsibility and are incorporating eco- appropriately inserted?
friendly solutions Q.20. A. The proverb – “Straight roads do not make
(5) A. they too should assess their potential skillful drivers” was said by the author Paulo
competitors at the global level Coehlo. There are a few other proverbs with a
B. price advantage, extra features or better services similar context – “a smooth sea never made a
Q.19. Urbanization results in increased population skilled sailor”, “Rough seas make great sailors”
density, which leads to pressure on resources such etc.
as land, water, medical professionals, police etc. B. This proverb can also be applied to life
Due to high demand, land prices, housing in general. Generally, the people who faced
prices and rents will increase drastically. Not difficulties in life become stronger and can cope
everyone can afford the prices. Those who can with the other difficult situations in life. Their
afford (A) ____________________ housing. ability to adapt to the challenges will be much
The people who cannot afford to rent in urban better than others in general. On the other hand,
areas are forced to live in slums with substandard people who did not face any difficulties for most of
housing and poor sanitation facilities, which their life can find it very difficult to cope with even
negatively affect the health of people living there. small obstacles in life. But of course, this may not
As more people keep coming to urban areas, be applicable to all. Emotional Intelligence also
there will be more supply of human resources has a role to play.
than demand, hence the wages will decrease. C. A few parents do everything for their children
Hence (B) ________________________. and forget to teach them to take responsibility for
More constructions take place in response to their own life. The children who grew up under
growing demand. This leads to the cutting of trees. this kind of parenting can find it very difficult to
Loss of vegetation coupled with concretization cope with the uncertainty and the challenges in
prevents rainwater seepage resulting in life.
groundwater depletion and the increased risk of D. This proverb can be applied to the workplace as
flooding. Higher population density leads to faster well. Some employees tend to avoid all the tough
spread of viruses. tasks and take only the easy ones. But once they
(1) A. causes the conversion of farmlands into are forced to change jobs, they may not be able to
residential or commercial areas survive the next job, because they escaped from
B. more people and vehicles on road and hence all the opportunities that can make them excel at
causes severe traffic jams their job.
(2) A. have to spend a large part of their income If someone drives only on straight roads and
on do not practice the important skills of driving
B. many people work so hard for a meagre income such as taking turns, parking safely etc., he/
(3) A. result in increased prices of lands which she cannot become a skillful driver. This
can be used for applies to almost any profession. For example,
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in the training sessions for firefighters, they countries can be stated as examples of this kind
go through mock drills to learn to cope of suppression.
with tough situations. With such training, it Household chores are seen as the responsibility
will be very difficult for them to deal with real- of women. These social norms and structural
life situations. barriers influence the interests of people.
(1) In the beginning (2) Between A and B (1) In the beginning (2) Between A and B
(3) Between C and D (4) Between B and C (3) Between C and D (4) Between B and C
(5) In the end (5) In the end
Q.21. A. There are fake and duplicate aadhaar cards EXERCISE- 7
too. So, linking aadhaar cards with voter IDs may Q.23-27. In each of the following questions, four short
complicate the issue. paragraphs with a missing part represented
B. If legitimate voters do not have an aadhaar or by a blank are given. Two phrases are given
if they could not link it due to any reason, they below the paragraph to fill in them. Read the
will be removed from the list. For example, some paragraphs carefully and answer the question.
homeless people do not have aadhaar cards yet. In Paragraph 1: The growth of the fashion industry
the 2018 Telangana Assembly elections, linking is good for the economy because it is creating
aadhaar cards with Voter ID led to the elimination plenty of jobs and also fetches revenue for
of 20 lakh voters. governments. But at the same time, the burden
C. Even though the Aadhaar linking is voluntary, on the environment is also increasing _________
the bill mentioned that the electoral registration ____________________________.
officer may require the submission of the Aadhaar Paragraph 2: Several factors are contributing to
number both for new enrolments and for those the growth of the fashion industry. The world’s
already enrolled for the purposes of authentication growing middle class, rising globalization,
of entries. So, people cannot even reject linking change in consumer habits (Now, more and
citing privacy issues. more people prefer to wear fashionable outfits),
D. So, this can be misused by some politicians to and promotion of fashion goods by __________
selectively eliminate some voters based on their ___________________________ .
caste or any other identity. Paragraph 3: Sustainable fashion comes in
This can be a threat to privacy because this many ways such as buying eco-friendly clothes,
linking can lead to the profiling of voters. repairing and reusing the clothes we already have,
Several states collected caste, religion and other swapping or donating clothes to prevent them from
sensitive information as part of aadhaar data ending up in landfills (circular fashion), upcycling
collection. fashion goods, buying from ________________,
(1) In the beginning (2) Between A and B taking clothes for rent to wear in ceremonies
(3) Between C and D (4) Between B and C instead of buying them etc.
(5) In the end Paragraph 4: Globally, people were regularly
Q.22. A. Many countries have patriarchal societies. using eco-friendly clothes. But fast fashion, which
The situation is changing but very slowly. So, means the mass production of cheap and poor-
many politicians who are in power prefer male quality clothing replaced eco-friendly clothing and
dominance in politics and tend to suppress became the norm. As a result, the fashion industry
women’s participation in power. accounts for 10 percent of _____________. Now,
B. Social norms are also a barrier to achieving as people are more conscious of the effects of
gender equality in politics. Even in this modern their actions on the environment, the sustainable
world, in many cultures, women are expected to fashion market is expected to grow.
be submissive and caretakers of the families. Which paragraphs can grammatically and
C. The ideology of political parties is also a reason contextually be filled in with the following
for fewer women in politics. Even though many phrases/statements respectively?
political parties convey to the public that they are A: social media influencers are some of the reasons
committed to gender equality and social justice, for the boom of the fashion industry.
most of them do not follow those principles in their B: brands that ensure employees work in safe
own political parties. In many countries, political conditions and earn fair wages (ethical fashion)
parties have less than 10% of women politicians. (1) Paragraph 1 and 3 (2) Paragraph 2 and 4
D. In some countries, violence is used to suppress (3) Paragraph 1 and 2 (4) Paragraph 2 and 3
women’s participation in politics. Latin American (5) None of the above
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Q.24. Paragraph 1: Given that the tourism industry employment opportunities, but they ________ . As
is a labor-intensive sector, ________________ . of 2022, the total liabilities on funding these projects
The availability of skilled labour has not changed have crossed $900 Billion dollars, which is 5% of
throughout time, keeping up with the expansion China’s total GDP.
of India’s tourism industry. Paragraph 4: Due to massive amounts of debt
Paragraph 2: India has a lot of potential to expansion, profit motives and poor planning,
attract tourists from all over the world considering there are numerous ghost cities in China. These
India’s rich heritage and culture, unmatched variety are areas of vast amounts of infrastructure and
of cuisine and breathtaking natural beauty. The property that virtually remains unoccupied. These
recent _______ in this modern day and invent new infrastructures were ________________ , but this
ways to enhance the tourism experience for the people. plan turned out to be a complete disaster. People
Paragraph 3: The bad economic condition of refuse to live there because of no jobs and logistics
the world due to Russia-Ukraine war represents available in these ghost cities.
a major risk for the tourism industry.The Which paragraphs can grammatically and
combination of ________________ as indicated contextually be filled in with the following
by the World Bank, are major threats to the phrases/statements respectively?
recovery of International tourism. A: led the man and his family pooling money to
Paragraph 4: India’s potential for tourism has not contribute to the purchase of a house
been fully realized. There are ________________ B: would give money to the developers for a house
due to the lack of infrastructure, connectivity and that is yet to be built, which quickly became the
necessary facilities like public toilets. norm in the country
Which paragraphs can grammatically and (1) Paragraph 1 and 3 (2) Paragraph 2 and 4
contextually be filled in with the following (3) Paragraph 3 and 4 (4) Paragraph 1 and 2
phrases/statements respectively? (5) None of the above
A: increasing interest rates in all major economies, Q.26. Paragraph 1: Digital currencies can store data
rising energy and food prices, and the growth such as who transferred it to whom. It will be like
prospects of global recession a digital ledger for each digital currency note. The
B: numerous travel destinations in India that are transparency in ________________, black money,
unexplored or difficult to attract tourists corruption etc. This will help in deterring financial
(1) Paragraph 1 and 3 (2) Paragraph 2 and 4 crimes to a large extent.
(3) Paragraph 3 and 4 (4) Paragraph 2 and 3 Paragraph 2: As cryptocurrencies have a lot of
(5) None of the above benefits, they tend to have a significant share in
Q.25. Paragraph 1: In China, owning a house is seen the international financial system. Even though
as a sign of financial stability as well as a good many countries are banning cryptocurrencies,
investment option. Furthermore, the country’s people are using them for multiple purposes
gender imbalance as a result of the one-child policy due to the advantages they offer. That leads
has created intense competition for brides, with to less control of governments over economy.
men frequently having to prove their material So, ________________ . That is the reason several
worth. All this ________________ . Prices of countries are working on launching their own
apartments rose sharply, and in no time, China digital currencies.
became one of the worst countries in the world in Paragraph 3: The RBI mentioned about the
terms of housing affordability. Taking into account offline functionality of the Digital Rupee. So,
the living expenses, it takes an average earner in transactions can be made even without the
China 50 years to buy an apartment. internet. Moreover, people without a bank account
Paragraph 2: Developers started to take large can also use Digital Rupee. And hence E-Rupee
amounts of foreign debt to finance their expansion. promotes financial inclusion. ________________
Also, they created pre sale options for buyers to the unbanked population.
where the buyers ____________ . Due to the easy Paragraph 4: Even though digital currencies
availability of finance, the developers were able to maintain the ledger of transactions and contain
start new projects without finishing the old ones. advanced technology to trace financial crimes,
Paragraph 3: China is infamous for building ________________ they can be misused for
projects in china which do not bring any profits. money laundering purposes and also for illegal
The goal of the Chinese government in building activities. At present, many criminals are using
these projects was to generate a large number of cryptocurrencies for illegal activities.

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Which paragraphs can grammatically and improve its governance and give a boost to its
contextually be filled in with the following digital India initiative, which aims to ensure the
phrases/statements respectively? government’s ___________ , making the country
A: the only way to prevent the loss of governments’ digitally empowered in the field of technology.
control in the international financial system is to Paragraph 4: 5G can transform telemedicine
bring their own state-controlled cryptocurrencies services. It will become possible to provide
B: This will also help in creating digital footprints healthcare services to rural and remote areas of our
of people without a bank account and thereby can country. Patients will be able to connect virtually
help in issuing loans with doctors and ____________ .
(1) Paragraph 1 and 3 (2) Paragraph 2 and 3 Which paragraphs can grammatically and
(3) Paragraph 3 and 4 (4) Paragraph 1 and 2 contextually be filled in with the following
(5) None of the above phrases/statements respectively?
Q.27. Paragraph 1: The low latency of 5G will enable
A: a factory to communicate with each other
the inclusion of education in remote areas of India,
seamlessly, making the business more efficient
where children will be able to access good quality
and reducing the possibility of error
education at home without _____________ .
Paragraph 2: 5G will vastly increase the B: other health care providers using telehealth
number of networks that can be connected, technology, allowing them to receive assistance
handling up to a trillion Internet of Things in their time of need
terminals, which will enable machines and (1) Paragraph 1 and 3 (2) Paragraph 2 and 3
humans in ___________. (3) Paragraph 2 and 4 (4) Paragraph 1 and 2
Paragraph 3: The government will be able to (5) None of the above
EXPLANATION LEVEL - 2
B. now, if once we check the last blank and fill
EXERCISE 1 with A, it says that when people get less support
Q.1.(2) In this kind of questions, sometimes we need
they get more depressed, and contrary to this,
to prefer elimination method by extracting
when people get support, the get less depression.
the meaning. Here if we fill A or B in the first
Accordingly we can decide to select option 5i.e. BCA.
blank, it does not give a proper meaning. Now
if we fill the last blank with B or C it is to be followed by EXERCISE 2
‘by surgical removal’ which does not give any sense. Q.6.(3) Sentence 3 is appropriately combined which
But when we fill A in the last blank, it becomes is conveying the exact message, all the
meaningful, by observing all the above mentioned connectors are meaningfully used as per the
points, we can opt option 2 as the correct one. rules of grammar. Kindly read all the sentences
Q.2.(5) At the very initial stage, the author wants to explain carefully to understand the correct answer.
the process of chocolate melting, accordingly it Q.7.(5) Sentence 5 is appropriately combined which is
is to be filled with B in order to get the proper conveying the exact message, all the connectors
meaning. If we put A at the second place, it seems are meaningfully used as per the rules of
to be illogical as after ‘either’ something different grammar. Kindly read all the sentences carefully
is being delivered. In this way, we can go with to understand the correct answer.
BCA and get the meaningfully complete passage. Q.8.(4) Sentence 4 is appropriately combined which is
Q.3.(3) If we read the passage carefully and observe the conveying the exact message, all the connectors
second blank, it needs to be filled with A as it is one of are meaningfully used as per the rules of grammar.
the five snacks described by the Diaz. Now we need Kindly read all the sentences carefully to
to check the first and the third blank also as we have understand the correct answer.
two options starting with B. If we fill A in the third EXERCISE 3
blank, it is not correct but with C it is meaningful. Q.9.(3) For first blank: After ‘refer to the’, we need
Q.4.(4) After the third blank if we notice, ‘story’ is something defining the term ‘globalisation’,
mentioned, it means in the blank, we can fill B, in that way we can’t opt option phrases C
where participants are provided with a story. So, and D as they start with a verb, Phrase A
clearly, we can opt option 4 as only it ends with B. is not suitable as, it does not refer to ‘the nation’.,
This is one of the ways of eliminating the options it must refer to an action.
and choose the correct one. Note: Being tough in the For second blank: Before the blank, it is delivering
way of solution every time is not the good practice. a nice example of benefit of working together and
Q.5.(5) If we read the passage, through the beginning it is now through this part it defining unity.
understood that, the importance is being given to Q.10.(5) For first blank: We need to fill here something
the support to be given to a depressed person and which completes it in a positive way, as the
further this importance is maximized with phrase passage starts with a positive note of physical
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activity, accordingly, phrase C is appropriate. accordingly if we see the options, in option 3, there
For second blank: Here, we want to fill something has a method been given. No other option consists
which can say what is being affected due to scarce of a proper and contextual option.
of playground and open areas. For Blank B: Since ‘cope with’ is given which means
Q.11.(4) For first blank: One thing is obvious that after ‘deal effectively with something difficult.’, in this
have we need ‘v3’ to be filled in the blank space, way we have two options to opt, 3 and 4, but part
in that way we have Phrase A and B, phrase A of option 4 is not suitable so we need to leave it.
A is not suitable as it is saying that we have Finally, the correct option left is option 3.
expressed someone’s views which is illogical, Q.18.(4) For blank A: Through the saying “Think globally, act
hence B is appropriate. locally” it is clear that we need to perform the actions
For second blank: The latter part is expressing on local level, because the changes can take place
a negative thought, it means we need a positive from our place only, once we are changed, everything
message in the blank part as ‘though’ is mentioned, will start changing, in that way option 4 seems to be
we can choose phrase C, because D is negative too. appropriate, phrase A in option 2 and 3 are incomplete,
Q.12.(2) For first blank: in the previous line, it is being said hence can’t be chosen. In option 5 ‘they’ is mentioned,
that online shopping has increased rapidly but not as but for whom is not getting clear.
per the expectations, and the example, of the same is Option 1, is going opposite to the concept ‘“Think
being delivered in this part, by using the phrase ‘bricks globally, act locally”.
and mortar firms’ it is favoring the offline stores. For blank B: Option 1 is incorrect as why people should
For second blank: ‘Although’ is used, it means in take greenhouse gases. ption 2, involves something
the blank space something contradictory to the non- related to economy which is out of the context.
permission of FDI in e-commerce is required, hence Once we can think about option 3, but phrase is
we can opt phrase C. not appropriate, so leaving it. Now, again in option
Q.13.(5) For first blank: if we think carefully, there is a clue 5, phrase B is going out of the context, which is
that after ‘are’ we need ‘Ving’ form, accordingly, we not related to climate.
Q.19.(2) All the options except for 2, if we consider to fill in
can go with A and C, but A is not appropriate as in
the given blanks, we will not get proper meaning.
terms of women empowerment, NGOs do not work
Once after filling the options one by one, we
for allowing the women to enter the temples and all.
should check the contextual appropriateness.
For second blank: as per the context, D is suitable
Accordingly, Option 2 is correct.
in this blank.
EXERCISE 6
EXERCISE 4 Q.20.(2) The point A starts mentioning a proverb, but how
Q.14.(3) Option (C) is correct because only a survey can that proverb is observed in our lives has been
highlight the aftereffects of the reforms. expressed by explaining the same in the paragraph to
Options (A) and (B) are out of the context because be inserted, A and B are not making any immediate
it is talking about refugees. connection as ‘also’ is mentioned it means
Option (D) is incorrect because in it ‘Section 124A’ something has been discussed earlier too. But, by
is being discussed which has no relevance with adding Paragraph A and the given para and then
‘growth rates of firms’. B, we get a proper sequence.
Q.15.(2) ‘Department of Commerce’ is a subject which Q.21.(3) if we observe carefully and understand, in the
is pursuing (doing something) that involves given phrase it is said that various sensitive data of
conscious engagement with the EPCs and people are gathered and in phrase D, it is said that
exporters (two objects).While option (A) is out it can be misused, means the data can be misused,
if the context, option (B) is talking about falling one thing is now clear that the given phrase should
exports of Merchandise ending at a ‘preposition’ be put before phrase D.
against which anyways doesn’t go with the text Now we need to check C, in this about linking
written further and option (C) is talking about aadhar is being discussed and the same is
e-commerce which is not mentioned anywhere considered as a threat in the given phrase, means
else in the entire paragraph. phrase C is before it.
Q.16.(2) As further, it is mentioned that 'India is the third- Accordingly the proper place for the given phrase
highest consumer of materials', it has definitely is ‘between C and D’.
a huge store of plastic which can be recycled Q.22.(4) Phrase B is exemplifying the social norms related
and used as the demand rises, accordingly to women and the given phrase is the continuation
only option (B) makes sense. of the same, as it ends with ‘these social norms’.
EXERCISE 5 EXERCISE 7
Q.17.(3) For Blank A: The paragraph starts with the Q.23.(4) Phrase A is not suitable in Paragraph 1: because
problem being faced by students and further it is according to it, social media influencers are being
giving some advice to get rid of them and after increased by ‘the burden on the environment’
so it should be given a way or method to do so, which is not appropriate at all.
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Paragraph 3: because it seems to be complete Q.25.(4) Phrase A is not suitable in Paragraph 2: ‘the buyers
sentence if put in the blank while the examples given led to the man’ would be formed, if the phrase is
before the blank are going on ahead in the sentence. filled here, which does not have any sense.
Paragraph 4: because ‘are’ is mentioned but if we Paragraph 3: If we fill the phrase here, there is no
consider ‘fashion industry’ as a subject here, it contextual connection is found.
requires singular verb. Phrase B is not suitable in Paragraph 4: If because of ‘infrastructures’ the
Paragraph 1: because according to it, brands man and his family are pooling money, it should
are being increased by ‘the burden on the be written in active form, not in passive.
environment’ which is not appropriate at all. Phrase B is not suitable in Paragraph 1: How can
Paragraph 2: The paragraph starts with explaining the situation discussed in the paragraph would
the factors so it should followed by main verb to give money to the developers.
give a complete sense, in between ‘that’ a relative Paragraph 3: On one hand it is saying that
pronoun is mentioned which breaks the continuity the building projects is non-profitable and is
of the sentence. targeting on employment generation and on the
Paragraph 4: If we observe and understand the other hand the phrase is saying that it would
paragraph, it is conveying a negative message, but money to developers.
the phrase incorporates a positive sense within. Paragraph 4: The phrase starts with ‘would’ which
Q.24.(3) Phrase A is not suitable in Paragraph 1: If we fill is not correct after the helping verb ‘were’.
the phrase in blank, it would say that ‘the tourism Q.26.(2) Phrase A is not suitable in
industry’ or ‘labour intensive sector’ is increasing Paragraph 1, Paragraph 3 and Paragraph 4 as about
the interest rate, which seems to be inappropriate. the loss of governments’ control is being discussed
Paragraph 2: After ‘and’ invent (verb first form) only in paragraph 2.
is given, it means before it also the same thing Phrase B is not suitable in
should be mentioned which is not found, it Paragraph 1, Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 4 as about
means this phrase is not the missing part of the benefits from Digital Rupee are discussed only
this paragraph. in paragraph 3.
Q.27.(3) Phrase A is not suitable in
Paragraph 4: If we put the phrase in the blank
Paragraph 1: If we connect the phrase, an
it would say: There are increasing interest
illogical question arises what the use of factory to
rates in all major economies, rising energy and
communicate for a student in good education is.
food prices, and the growth prospects of global Paragraph 3: Between government’s and factory
recession due to the lack of infrastructure, article ‘a’ is not appropriate.
connectivity and necessary facilities like public Paragraph 4: The phrase is not suitable at this
toilets, which is illogical. place at all, upto ‘able to communicate it seems
Phrase B is not suitable in Paragraph 1: There is bit correct, but suddenly ‘with each other’ makes
no meaningful connectivity is found, if filled here. it completely illogical.
Paragraph 2: if we fill the phrase here, after ‘and’ Phrase B is not suitable in
the sentence would be ‘The recent numerous travel Paragraph 1, Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 3 as
destinations in India would invent new ways to when we put the phrase in Paragraph 4, it becomes
enhance the tourism experience for the people’ ‘Patients will be able to connect virtually with
which is not logical at all. doctors and other health care providers using
Paragraph 3: This paragraph is completely related telehealth technology, allowing them to receive
to economy and financial condition of the world, assistance in their time of need’ which seems to
so this phrase is not suitable here. be perfectly meaningful.
PREVIOUS YEAR PAPER QUESTIONS
(BASED ON MEMORY)
Q.1.-5. In each of the following questions, a paragraph (B) Researchers say the findings suggest that more
is given. Choose the best possible option as your familiar tropical,
answer accordingly from the options to start the (C) Scientists have for the first time shown that some
paragraph in the contextually correct way. wild corals
(SBI PO PRE - 2019) (D) The new results add to the growing sense that
Q.1.. …………………….. , are feeding on tiny shreds of microplastics
plastic trash. Worse, the animals seem to prefer those (1) Only A (2) Only D
‘microplastics’ over their natural food—even when (3) Both C and D (4) Only C
the plastic is carrying bacteria that can kill them. (5) None of the above
(A) The new study, published in Proceedings of the Q.2. .…………………….. coral polyps and counted the
Royal Society number of microplastics. They found more than 100

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small fibers in every polyp. Although this was the Q.5.. ……….. make it one of the most useful metals in
first record of microplastics in wild corals, earlier industry today. Everything from foil, to window
research had already shown that this same coral frames to aircraft fuselages can now be crafted from
species consumed plastic in a laboratory setting. the versatile alloy, and the fact that it’s easily cast, cut,
(A) The team performed lab experiments and resistant to corrosion make it ideal food packaging.
(B) Back in the laboratory, the researchers cut open (A) For Nespresso, delivering a consistently perfect
the individual cup of coffee meant creating an equally reliable
(C) Plastics keep interrupting the conversation (B) Aluminum’s low density, light weight and
(D) The researchers in the laboratory, cut open the malleability
specific (C) As smelting requires the aluminum and oxygen
(1) Only A (2) Only D atoms to be separated using a powerful electric current
(3) Both B and D (4) Only C (D) A process so energy intensive that new aluminum
(5) None of the above is jokingly referred to as congealed electricity
Q.3.. …………………….. would increase its annual (1) Only B (2) Only D
budget to `90,000 crore, said the President, adding (3) Both B and D (4) Only C
that `12,000 crore had already been disbursed in (5) None of the above
the past three months. Other initiatives include the Q.6-8. In the following question, a short passage with a
contributory pension scheme for farmers above blank has been given. Select the best out of the
the age of 60, a `13,000-crore scheme to fund five answer choices given to make the passage
treatment of common diseases in cattle, the Grameen complete and coherent.
Bhandaran Yojana to provide village-level storage (SBI PO MAINS - 2022)
facilities for farm produce and the plan to create Q.6. In what can only be described as a horrific collapse,
10,000 new farmer producer organisations. Team India was shot out for just 36 runs in the
(A) Listing the party specific-led government’s second innings of the Adelaide Test __________
decisions, To give it all away in a couple of sessions required
(B) Addressing the joint sitting of both Houses of massive under performance or an exceptional
Parliament, display by the opposition.
(C) The expansion of the Pradhan Mantri Kisan (1) which proves to be beneficial for team India
Samman Nidhi, an income support scheme in (2) and this stands as India’s lowest score in 88 years
keeping with a poll promise, of playing Test cricket
(D) The Centre plans to invest `25 lakh crore in the (3) and this will help in the cultural development of
farm sector, our nation
(1) Only A (2) Only D (4) this is India’s highest score in 88 years of playing
(3) Both C and D (4) Only C Test cricket
(5) None of the above (5) it will be a milestone in the glorious history of
Q.4.. …………………….. has mooted the idea of a Indian cricket team
‘constructive vote of confidence’. That is, while Q.7. India-Bangladesh ties have steadily grown over the
expressing loss of trust in one government, members last six years. This is exemplified ____________
should repose confidence in an alternative regime. under the BBIN (Bangladesh Bhutan Indian Nepal)
Another idea is that whenever mid-term polls platform. Taking this momentum further, the virtual
are held due to loss of majority, the subsequent meeting saw the two sides ink seven agreements.
legislature should serve out only the remainder of (1) by increasing connectivity, investments and sub-
the term. regional cooperation
(A) The Law Commission measures would involve (2) by increasing international tax on goods and services
far-reaching changes to the law , (3) by celebrating festivals together
(B) The Law Commission, in its working paper on (4) by selling vaccines to Bangladesh at a very low rate
the subject , (5) by decreasing deals and investments thereby
(C) The Law Commission interests of regional threatening the ties
parties may take a beating , Q.8. In north India which saw stubble burning wreak
(D) The Law Commission’s technical report based severe air pollution again this year, there is no
on the main topic , categorical assurance from various governments
(1) Only A (2) Only D to stop this practice. But ________________ like
(3) Both B and D (4) Only C vehicular or industrial emissions or construction
(5) None of the above dust or municipal garbage burning.
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(1) no steps had been taken by government (4) even beyond this farming issue, many toxic air
(2) there is no more issues contributing to pollution days are caused by local factors
(3) upcoming elections will definitely solve the (5) the state has started taking steps to solve this
problems issue and considerable changes are visible

PREVIOUS YEAR PAPER ANSWERS

(BASED ON MEMORY)
Q.1.(4) Option choice (C) can contextually start the While In option choice (B) and (D) The Law
sentence because only ‘wild corals’ can be Commission is working as a subject which needs
linked with ‘are feeding’, because wild corals an auxiliary verb has and main verb in its third
are generally aquatic invertebrate animals so form (mooted here).
scientists show that those animals are feeding on Q.5.(1) Aluminum is a subject the features of which
tiny shreds of plastic trash.
are given which make it one of the most useful
While other options include ‘the new study’, metals, so the option choice (B) is correct.
‘tropical’ and ‘microplastics’ which cannot be
While a company ‘Nespresso, cannot be a useful
fed on tiny shreds of plastic trash.
metal, because as mentioned already it is a name
Q.2.(3) Option choices (B) and (D) both can contextually of a company hence option choice (A) is out of
start the sentence because both are providing the the context.
same meaning, because the verb ‘cut’ needs an
object ‘coral polyps’. And smelting is a process given in option choice
(C) which cannot be linked grammatically well
‘Performed lab experiments on something, while
to ‘make it one of the most useful metals’.
‘on’ is not given further in the sentence, so option
(A) cannot be the correct option. While, Plastics And like option (C); option choice (D) is also
as mentioned in option (C) is not grammatically expounding some process hence it cannot start
linking with coral polyps and neither with the the paragraph.
sentence further. Q.6.(2) Only Option (2) completes the paragraph meaning-
Q.3.(4) Option (C) can start the paragraph well because, a fully as all the other options are positive and the
subject is required with an auxiliary verb ‘would’ passage talks about ‘India not scoring good runs’.
and verb ‘increase’, so the The expansion of Q.7.(1) Only Option (1) completes the paragraph
the Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi is meaningfully as it mentions ways to strengthen
the subject which correctly relates with would the ties.
increase.
Options 2 and 5 are negative as they mention
Q.4.(3) And (A) The Law Commission measures given
‘increasing taxes’ and ‘decreasing deals’
at option (A) does not relate at all with ‘has
respectively. So they cannot be joined just like
mooted’, because measures cannot moot the
option 3 and 4 which talk about things that are
idea.
not logically related to the passage.
‘Take a beating’ means suffer damage or hurt,
so this phrase cannot be grammatically like with Q.8.(4) Only Option (4) completes the paragraph
has mooted, so option choice (C) cannot be the meaningfully as it states the issue related to
correct answer. stubble burning.

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