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Chapter 5.3 Salts part 2

Chapter 5.3 discusses the formation of salts from various acids, including sulphuric, nitric, and hydrochloric acids, and categorizes salts based on the acid used. It also covers carbonate salts derived from carbonic acid and citrates from citric acid, highlighting their solubility characteristics. Key examples of common salts and their properties are provided, along with a rule regarding the solubility of carbonates.

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7 views

Chapter 5.3 Salts part 2

Chapter 5.3 discusses the formation of salts from various acids, including sulphuric, nitric, and hydrochloric acids, and categorizes salts based on the acid used. It also covers carbonate salts derived from carbonic acid and citrates from citric acid, highlighting their solubility characteristics. Key examples of common salts and their properties are provided, along with a rule regarding the solubility of carbonates.

Uploaded by

ayshin090
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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‭Chapter 5.

3|‬‭Salts‬
‭Part‬‭II‬

‭Key Points:‬

‭1.‬ ‭Acids and Salt Formation:‬


‭○‬ ‭Many salts are made from acids.‬
‭○‬ ‭Acids contain hydrogen, which reacts with metals or bases to form‬
‭salts.‬
‭○‬ ‭Three common acids in the lab:‬
‭■‬ ‭Sulphuric acid (H₂SO₄)‬
‭■‬ ‭Nitric acid (HNO₃)‬
‭■‬ ‭Hydrochloric acid (HCl)‬
‭2.‬ ‭Types of Salts Based on Acid Used:‬
‭○‬ ‭Hydrochloric acid (HCl) → Chlorides‬
‭■‬ ‭Example: Sodium chloride (NaCl), Potassium chloride (KCl).‬
‭○‬ ‭Nitric acid (HNO₃) → Nitrates‬
‭■‬ ‭Example: Lead nitrate (Pb(NO₃)₂), Zinc nitrate (Zn(NO₃)₂).‬
‭○‬ ‭Sulphuric acid (H₂SO₄) → Sulphates‬
‭■‬ ‭Example: Magnesium sulphate (MgSO₄), Calcium sulphate‬
‭(CaSO₄).‬
‭3.‬ ‭Images of Common Salts:‬
‭○‬ ‭The right side of the slide shows different chloride and sulphate‬
‭salts.‬
‭○‬ ‭Examples:‬
‭■‬ ‭Iron(II) chloride (FeCl₂) – Green crystals‬
‭■‬ ‭Magnesium chloride (MgCl₂) – White solid‬
‭■‬ ‭Zinc chloride (ZnCl₂) – White powder‬
‭■‬ ‭Sodium chloride (NaCl) – Table salt‬
‭■‬ ‭Copper(II) chloride (CuCl₂) – Green solid‬
‭■‬ ‭Copper(II) sulphate (CuSO₄) – Bright blue crystals‬
‭■‬ ‭Aluminium sulphate (Al₂(SO₄)₃) – White solid‬
‭■‬ ‭Potassium chloride (KCl) – White solid‬
‭-‬ ‭Key points‬

‭1.‬ ‭Carbonic Acid (H₂CO₃):‬


‭○‬ ‭A weak acid formed when carbon dioxide (CO₂) reacts with water.‬
‭○‬ ‭Salts made from carbonic acid are called carbonates (CO₃²⁻).‬
‭○‬ ‭Carbonate salts are mostly insoluble in water.‬
‭2.‬ ‭Citric Acid:‬
‭○‬ ‭Found in citrus fruits like oranges and lemons.‬
‭○‬ ‭Salts formed using citric acid are called citrates.‬
‭3.‬ ‭Carbonate Salts (CO₃²⁻):‬
‭○‬ ‭Insoluble Carbonates (Do not dissolve in water):‬
‭■‬ ‭Magnesium carbonate (MgCO₃) – White powder.‬
‭■‬ ‭Calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) – Chalk and limestone.‬
‭■‬ ‭Silver carbonate (Ag₂CO₃) – Yellow-green solid.‬
‭■‬ ‭Copper(II) carbonate (CuCO₃) – Green solid.‬
‭■‬ ‭Zinc carbonate (ZnCO₃) – White powder.‬
‭■‬ ‭Manganese(II) carbonate (MnCO₃) – Brown solid.‬
‭○‬ ‭Exceptions (Soluble Carbonates):‬
‭■‬ ‭Potassium carbonate (K₂CO₃) – Soluble in water.‬
‭■‬ ‭Sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) – Known as washing soda, highly‬
‭soluble.‬
‭■‬ ‭Ammonium carbonate (NH₄)₂CO₃ – Soluble in water.‬
‭4.‬ ‭Key Rule:‬
‭○‬ ‭All carbonates are insoluble, EXCEPT for those of sodium (Na⁺),‬
‭potassium (K⁺), and ammonium (NH₄⁺).‬

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