Math180 Technology Mathematics 3

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

AND APPLIED SCIENCE
DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS & PHYSICS

MATH 180
SUPPLEMENTARY
PROBLEMS

June 2018
MATH180 Supplemental Package
P age |1

TECHNOLOGY MATHEMATICS 3
TABLE OF CONTENTS

HANDOUT #1 Integral Exponents ....................................................................... 2

HANDOUT #2 Fractional Exponents.................................................................... 3
HANDOUT #3 Radicals ....................................................................................... 4
HANDOUT #4 Complex Numbers in Rectangular Form ...................................... 5
HANDOUT #5 Conversions of Complex Numbers ................................................ 6
HANDOUT #6 Operations with Complex Numbers in Polar Form ........................ 7
HANDOUT #7 Exponential Equations.................................................................. 8
HANDOUT #8 Logarithmic Equations .................................................................. 9
HANDOUT #9 Matrices ...................................................................................... 10
HANDOUT #10 Trigonometric Equations ........................................................... 11
Tests Review & Answers
Part 1 Exponents and Radicals……………………………………………………....12
Part 2 Complex Numbers……………………………………………………............. 17
Part 3 Logarithms …………………………………………….............. …...20
Part 4 Matrices…………………………………………………….............................23
Part 5 Trigonometry…………………………………………………….....................25

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HANDOUT #1

Integral Exponents

Simplify the following:

1 −4 16𝑥 20 𝑦 8
1. (2 𝑥 −5 𝑦 −2 𝑡 3 ) Answer: 𝑡 12

1−9𝑏 −2 𝑏+3
2. Answer: −
3𝑏 −1 −1 𝑏

3𝑥 0 𝑦 3 𝑡 −4 3𝑦 7
3. (−4𝑦 −2 )2
Answer: 16𝑡 4

−2
(2𝑥 0 𝑦 2 𝑡 −3 ) 𝑦5𝑡6
4. (−3𝑦 −3 )3
Answer: − 108

𝑎−2 −𝑏−2 𝑎+𝑏

5. Answer: − 3𝑎𝑏
3𝑏 −1 −3𝑎−1

−2
𝑥 2 𝑦 −2 4𝑦 4
6. ( 2𝑥 −4 ) Answer: 𝑥 12

𝑦−𝑥
7. (𝑥 −2 − 𝑦 −2 )(𝑥 + 𝑦)−2 Answer: 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 (𝑦+𝑥)

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HANDOUT #2

Fractional Exponents

Simplify the following:

2
− 9𝑦 6
−8𝑥 2 3
1. ( 9) Answer: 4
27𝑦
4𝑥 3

1
1 2
𝑥 2 (𝑥+1)4 2 1
2. [ 2 3 ] Answer: 𝑥 3 (𝑥 + 1)2
−
𝑥 3 (𝑥+1) 4

1 1 𝑥
3. 5(𝑥 + 5)−2 − (𝑥 + 5)2 Answer: − 1
(𝑥+5)2

3
−
64𝑥 2 4 27𝑦 6
4. (81𝑦 8 ) Answer: 1 3
16(22 )𝑥 2

1
7 3
𝑦 4 (𝑦+1)4
5. [ 5 ] Answer: 𝑦3 (𝑦 + 1)
−
𝑦 −5 (𝑦+1) 4

1 1 1
6. (𝑥 + 1)𝑥 −2 − 𝑥 2 Answer: 1
𝑥2

1 2 𝑥+1
7. 𝑥(2𝑥 + 1)−3 − (2𝑥 + 1)3 Answer: − 1
(2𝑥+1)3

1
−3
3𝑥 0 81𝑥 10 𝑦 6 2 8𝑥 5
8. (− 4𝑦 −2 ) ( ) Answer: − 3𝑦 3
64

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HANDOUT #3

Radicals

Perform the following operations and express answers in simplest radical form:

6 4𝑥
1. √8𝑥 3 − + 3√8𝑥 Answer: 5√2𝑥
√2𝑥

2. √128𝑥 2 𝑦 − √98𝑥 2 𝑦 + √162𝑥 2 𝑦 Answer: 10𝑥√2𝑦

4
3. 𝑎√18𝑎𝑏 3 − 𝑏 √64𝑎6 𝑏 2 Answer: 𝑎𝑏√2𝑎𝑏

4. 6√25𝑥 4 𝑦 7 ∙ 6√5𝑥 5 𝑦 5 Answer: 𝑥𝑦 2 √5𝑥

5 5 5
5. √4𝑥 3 𝑦 2 ∙ √16𝑥 4 𝑦 3 Answer: 2𝑥𝑦 √2𝑥2

√8𝑎5 𝑏 2𝑎2 √6𝑎

6. √3𝑏 3
Answer: 3𝑏

√12𝑎5 𝑏 𝑎 2 √𝑎
7. Answer:
2√3𝑏3 𝑏

2√𝑥 2𝑥+2√5𝑥
8. Answer:
√𝑥−√5 𝑥−5

4
9. √64𝑚2 𝑛4 Answer: 2𝑛√2𝑚

3 27𝑎8 𝑏 3 3𝑎 2 𝑏
10. √ 125𝑎2 Answer: 5

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HANDOUT #4

Complex Numbers in Rectangular Form

Perform the following operations and express answers in rectangular form:

1. (2 − √−144) − (3 + 3𝑗) Answer: −1 − 15𝑗

2. √−16(5 + 3√−4) Answer: −24 + 20𝑗

2
3. 𝑗 6 (1 + √−9) Answer: 8 − 6𝑗

4. (𝑗 + 3)𝑗(−1 + 3𝑗) Answer: −8 − 6𝑗

3𝑗 131 −2 −8+𝑗
5. Answer: 5
1+2𝑗

4𝑗−𝑗 2 −2+9𝑗
6. 2−𝑗
Answer: 5

7. −3𝑗11 − 4√−9 + 2𝑗 4 Answer: 2 − 9𝑗

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HANDOUT #5

Conversions of Complex Numbers

Convert the following into polar form:

1. 3 + 4𝑗 Answer: 5∠53.1⁰

2. −2 − 3𝑗 Answer: 3.6∠236.3⁰

3. 12 − 𝑗 Answer: 12.04∠355.2⁰

4. 3.81 − 4.64𝑗 Answer: 6∠309.4⁰

5. −2.28 − 7.31𝑗 Answer: 7.66∠252.7⁰

Convert the following into rectangular form:

6. 5∠54⁰ Answer: 2.9 + 4𝑗

7. 3.7∠237⁰ Answer: −2 − 3.1𝑗

8. 78(cos 1290 + 𝑗 sin 129⁰) Answer: −49 + 60.6𝑗

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HANDOUT #6

Operations with Complex Numbers in Polar Form

Simplify the following and express answers in polar form where 0⁰ ≤ 𝜃 < 360⁰:

12.3∠96⁰
1. Answer: 1.13∠213⁰
10.9∠243⁰

2. (3∠145⁰)3 Answer: 27∠75⁰

3. (7 + 4𝑗) + 2∠30⁰ Answer: 10.06∠29.8⁰

4. 8.43∠34.980 − 5.72∠175.26⁰ Answer: 13.34∠19.08⁰

(3.26+2.47𝑗)+(13.78∠14.82)
5. Answer: 1.904∠233.38⁰
9.26∠146.50⁰

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HANDOUT #7

Exponential Equations

Solve the following equations (express non-exact values to 3 decimal places):

2
1. 5𝑥 = 25𝑥 Answer: 𝑥 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = 2.153

2. 16𝑥 = 252−𝑥 Answer: 𝑥 = 1.074

3. 3(4𝑥−1 ) = 52𝑥 Answer: 𝑥 = −0.157

4. 𝑒 3𝑥−2 = 3.786 Answer: 𝑥 = 1.110

4(3𝑥−1 )+5
5. 2.37
= 7.29 Answer: 𝑥 = 2.021

6. 5𝑒 2𝑥 − 3 = 4 Answer: 𝑥 = 0.168

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HANDOUT #8

Logarithmic Equations

Solve the following equations (express non-exact values to 3 decimal places):

9
1. log3 4𝑥 + log3 5 = 2 Answer: 𝑥 =
20

1
2. log4 (3𝑥 + 1) − log4 5 = log4 2𝑥 Answer: 𝑥 = 7

3. 3 log(2𝑥) = log 586.98 Answer: 𝑥 = 4.186

4. log3 𝑥 + log3 (𝑥 + 8) = 2 Answer: 𝑥 = 1

1
5. ln(5𝑥 + 1) − ln 𝑥 = ln 7 Answer: 𝑥 = 2

6. 4.3 = ln 19.6 + ln(𝑥 − 2.3) Answer: 𝑥 = 6.060

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HANDOUT #9

Matrices

Given the matrices:

2 −2 −3 5
𝐴=( ) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 = ( )
−1 3 1 0

Find the following:

1. 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐴 Answer: 4

−8 10
2. 𝐴 × 𝐵 Answer: ( )
6 −5

−11 21
3. 𝐵 × 𝐴 Answer: ( )
2 −2

12 −16
4. 3𝐴 − 2𝐵 Answer: ( )
−5 9

0.75 0.5
5. 𝐴−1 Answer: ( )
0.25 0.5

2 −3
6. 𝐴 − 𝐵−1 Answer: ( )
−1.2 2.4

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HANDOUT #10

Trigonometric Equations

Solve the following equations (express non-exact values to 1 decimal place):

𝜋 7𝜋 11𝜋
1. 2𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 = 1 𝑓𝑜𝑟 0 ≤ 𝑥 < 2𝜋 Answer: 𝑥 = ,
2 6
,
6

2. 𝑐𝑠𝑐2𝜃 − 5 = 3𝑐𝑠𝑐2𝜃 − 8 𝑓𝑜𝑟 00 ≤ 𝜃 < 3600 Answer: 𝜃 = 20.90 , 69.10 , 200.90 , 249.1⁰

𝜋 3𝜋 5𝜋 7𝜋
3. 𝑡𝑎𝑛3 𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 𝑓𝑜𝑟 0 ≤ 𝑥 < 2𝜋 Answer: 𝑥 = 0, 4 , 4
, 𝜋, 4 , 4

4. 5𝑐𝑜𝑡2𝜃 = 4𝑐𝑜𝑡2𝜃 − 8 𝑓𝑜𝑟 0⁰ ≤ 𝜃 < 360⁰ Answer: 𝜃 = 48.60 , 138.60 , 228.60 , 318.6⁰

𝜋 2𝜋 4𝜋 5𝜋
5. 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝑥 − 2𝑠𝑖𝑛4 𝑥 = −1 𝑓𝑜𝑟 0 ≤ 𝑥 < 2𝜋 Answer: 𝑥 = 3 , , ,
3 3 3

6. 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 − 2 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 𝑓𝑜𝑟 0⁰ ≤ 𝜃 < 360⁰ Answer: 𝜃 = 64.30 , 140.10 , 219.90 , 295.7⁰

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Tests Review

Part 1. Exponents and Radicals

1. Use the laws of exponents to simplify each of the following expressions. Your final
answer should involve only positive exponents, without radicals and decimal
fractions:

3
a) 3y-3(2y0)-3(4y)0 Answer:
8y3
N (1  i) 6 (1  i) 5 N
b) Answer:
(1  i) 2 1 i

3 2
 5m 5 n 2   5n 2  10
c)  3 4
  3 7
 Answer:
 2m n   4m n  n8

3 1
 3a 2   64b 9  3
2
d)  
-3 
  -6
 Answer:
 2bc   27a  9a 8 c 9

3 3
 16a -3b 6  4
a 3c 2
e)  - 2 2  Answer: 3 6
 ab c  2 b

2 1
 27 x - 6  3
 9 x 4  2
3
f)  3 
  2  Answer:
 8a   4a  2ax 2

 6a 1 2 b 2 3   2b 14  2a 6 b
7 11
12
g)    Answer:
 18a -1   13  3
  a 

1
h) (a-1 + b-1) ( a + b )-1 Answer:
ab

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1. ( Continued )
x -2  y -2 x y
i) Answer:
2 x -1  2 y 1 2 xy

3(a  b)
j) (3a -2 – 3b -2) (a – b) –1 Answer: -
a 2b 2
ax - 2  a - 2 x x 2  ax  a 2
k) Answer:
a -1  x -1 ax
1
 2 a2
l) (4a – 4a )
-2 -4
Answer: 1
2(a 2  1) 2

10(3x  1)
m) 60x (1 – 3x)-3 + 10 (1 – 3x)-2 Answer:
(1-3x) 3
1 1 x (5 x-2)
n) x2 (2x – 1) 2
+ 2x (2x – 1) 2
Answer: 1
( 2 x  1) 2

1 4 4( x 2  2)
o) 4 (3x2 + 2) 3
- 8x2 (3x2 + 2) 3
Answer: 4
(3 x 2  2) 3

1 / 3
  125c -12 d -3 e 8  - 2c 4
p)  0 - 3 10
 Answer :
 8c d e  5e 6

2 / 3
 27 x - 2 y 0 z  4
q)  -5 - 2 
 Answer:
 -8 x z  9x 2 z 2

2 x -3 4
r) Answer:
(2 x) -1  2 x (1  4 x)
2

x -1 y -1  4 -xy
s) Answer:
16  x - 2 y 2 4 xy  1

5  x -1 y -1 xy
t) Answer:
25  x - 2 y - 2 5xy-1

x2
u) (3x-2 + 2x-1)-1 Answer:
3  2x

(4 x  9)( x  1)
v) (2x + 3) + x (2x + 3)-1 Answer:
2x  3

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2. Simplify each expression containing radicals. State your final answer in simplest
radical form with rationalized denominators and without decimal fractions:
6x 2
a) 12x 3 + 75x 5 - Answer: 5x2 3x
3x

8a 5 2a 2
b) 2a 18ab 3 - 3b 4
64a 6 b 2  Answer: 2ab
b3 b2

c) 3
81a 5 b 7  3 24a 8 b 4  6 9a 4 b 2 Answer: (3ab2 – 2a2b + 1) 3
3a 2 b

d) 9 x 4 y 2  36 x 2 y 4 Answer: 3xy x2  4y2

e) 6
4m 5 n 7 6
16mn 2 Answer: 2mn n
3
16a 4 2a 3
f) Answer: 6b
3
9ab 2 3b

3 4
g) 8a 3b 6 Answer: 4
2ab 2

mn 2m n  3n m
h) Answer:
2 m 3 n 4m-9n

i) 72a 3 b 4 c 6 Answer: 6ab 2 c 3 2a

j) 3
81m 5 n13 Answer: 3mn4 3
3m 2 n

k) 4
144a 4 b10 c 18 Answer: 2ab2c4 3bc

2a 3 b a
l) Answer: 6abc
3c 5 3c 3

m) 6
8a 9 b15 Answer: ab2 2ab

n) 3
3x 2 Answer: 6
3x 2

o) 18a 3b  50ab 5 Answer: (3a + 5b2) 2ab

p) 2 3
pq 7  3 6 p 8 q 2  2 3 8 p 4 q 4 Answer: (2q2 +3p – 4pq) 3 pq

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2 r z 2r-3 z r  z 2
q) Answer:
r z r-z 2

r) 8 5 4 x 2  5 4 x 2  6 10 16 x 4  10 5 128 x 2 Answer: 23 5
4x 2

s) 10 4
32a 6 b 4  8 8 4a 4 b 8  6b 4 2a 10 Answer: (20ab – 8b + 6a2b) 4 2a 2

t) (5 3 16) (7 9 8 ) Answer: 70 3 4

3
u) 64a 12 b 6 c 36 Answer: ac3 2b

5 12 x 5
v)  2 x 3x  x 4 9 x 2 Answer: 4x 3x
2x

8b 3 2b3 9a
w) 3 Answer:
3a 2 3a

3b 3 4
24a 2 b 3
x) 4 Answer:
2a 2 2a

2x  3 5 2 x  2 x x  15  3x 2
y) Answer:
5 x 2 25  2 x 2

3  2n 3  2 6n  2n
z) Answer:
3  2n 3  2n

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3. Solve the following equations:

( Note: Verification is required when solving equations with radicals. )

a) x2  x 1  2 Answer: x = 1.0625

b) 2 t2  1  3t  4 Answer: t = -1, t = 7

7
c) x 2  2x  1  x  1  x Answer: x=- is a solution
16
x = 0 is extraneous.

d) 3m  2  1   m  3 Answer: No solution;
m = 1 and m = 6 are extraneous

1
e) 3- x  8 x Answer: x=
36

x
f) = 2 x Answer: No solution
x2

g) 5x  6  3x  7  1 Answer: x = 14 is the only solution;

x = 3 is extraneous

1
h) x3   x Answer: x=4
x3

i) 2 1 x  3  1-2 x Answer: x = -24 is the only solution;

x = 0 is extraneous

j) 1-4 x  2x  5  2 Answers: x = -2 is the only solution;

2
x= is extraneous
9

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Tests Review

Part 2. Complex Numbers

1. Simplify:

a) j2001 - j2000

b) j3 + j33 + j333

c) (4)( 25)   4  25

d) (11) 2  (  11 ) 2

e) j2  2  2  j2

2. Perform the indicated operations, and express your answer in rectangular form:

a) j3  3  j 5 12

43j
b)
52j

2 2j
c)
3 2 j

j ( j3  j8 )
d)
(3  j )(2  j )

1 j 2
e) 
3j 4 j
2  3 j3
f)
1 2 j

g) 5j-8 + 2  49 - 3j6 – 7j7

j6
h)
(2  j )(1  j )

j) 10 – 4j2 + 3j + j13- 2j28 + j27

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(3 j  2)(3  2 j )
k)
1 2 j
3. Perform the indicated operations, and express your answer in polar form:

a) (3 130o) ( 5(cos15o + jsin15o))

b) (3 – 2j) (4 – j)

(3  4 j ) 4
c)
(25 110 o )(5  20 o )

(11 111o )(10 100 o )

d)
5 (cos 30 o  j sin 30 o )

9j
e)
23j

f) 5 (cos50o + j sin 50o) – 8 44o

g) 3 (cos30   jsin30) - 455)

5
h) (1+ j)

i) 2.25 175  (-1 – 2j)

(5.82 250)(3.24 30)
j)
10(cos150  j sin 150)

Answers:

1. a) j–1 b) j c) 0 d) 22 e) -2 - 2j

2. a) 3 2 3j b)
1
14  23 j  c)
1
(4  5 2 j )
29 11
d)
1
3  4 j  e)
1
 7  23 j 
25 51
8 j 1
f) g) 8 + 21j h) (  3  j)
5 10

j) 12 + 3j k) 5.2 + 2.6j

3. a) 15  145o b) 14.87 312.3o

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c) 5 82.52o d) 22 181o

e) 2.50 146.31o f) 3.07  214.21o

g) 1.80 279.71 h) 5.66 225

i) 3.71 209.10 j) 1.89 130

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Tests Review
Part 3. Logarithms

1. Use common logarithms to compute the following logarithms:

a) og3 72 Answer: 3.89
b) og 6 37 Answer: 2.02

2. a) If n N = 3.89, find og N. Answer: 1.69

b) Find n N, given that log N = -3.85. Answer: - 8.86

3. a) If og N = 3.83, find n N. Answer: 8.82

b) Find og N, if n N = 4.325. Answer: 1.878

4. Calculate:
 e
a) n   Answer: -2.21
 15 
b) n (154) Answer: 10.83

c) n (15e3) Answer: 5.71

5. Rewrite each expression as a sum, difference, and/or multiple of logarithms:

3
 5 xy  1
a) og 2   Answer: 3 ( og 2 5 – og 2 3 + og 2 x + og 2 y)
3 x  2
 5 xy 9 
b) og  2  Answer: og 5 + og x + 9 og y – 2 og z
 z 
 x4 2x  1 
n 2 x  1  n (2 x  1)
1 3
c) n  
3/ 2 
Answer: 4 n x +
 (2 x  1)  2 2
 A3  1
d) n  9  Answer: 3 n A – 9 n B - nc
B c 2

6. Rewrite each expression as a single logarithm with a coefficient of 1:

1
a) 2 og (x – y) + og x + og (x – 2y) Answer: og x( x - y)2 x  2 y
2
1 x5  3x 4
b) 2
n (x - 9) + 2 n  4 n x Answer: n
x3 x3
x ( x  2) 3
2
c) 2 n x + 3 n (x + 2) – n (x2 + 5) Answer: n
x2  5

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( x  1) 2
d) 2 og5 (x + 1) – og5 (x - 1) – 3 Answer: og5
125 ( x  1)
1 64
e) 4 + 2 og 2 2 - og 2 (3x + 1) Answer: og 2
3 3
3x  1

 x2 y3 
f) 2 nx – n5 + 3 ny Answer: n 
 5 
7. Rewrite each expression without logarithms:
a) og a + og 4 + og (a + b) = og (a2 – b2) Answer: 3a + b =0

n (3 x  y )
b) 8 e – 4log4(5x-y) Answer: 19x + 9y

c) 4 og3 3x-2 – 6 og 7 73x+2 Answer: -14x – 20

d) og (a2 – b2 ) – 3 = og (a – b) Answer: a + b = 1000

8. Solve the following equations for x: (Verification required)

a) og (x2 – x) – 1 = og x – og (x + 1) Answer: 11  3.32

b) og3 x + og3 ( x + 2) = 1 Answer: 1

c) 10 2x = 8 x–1 Answer: - 0.82

d) 4 3x – 2 = 15 Answer: 1.32

e) (x2 – 5) nx
= x Answer: 2.78, 1

f) ( nx ) nx
= x Answer: ee  15.15
1
g) 5x (10x) + 10x = 0 Answer: -
5

h) 23t+1 = 78.75 Answer: t = 1.766

i) 5x+2 = e2x Answer:x = 8.24

4(3 x 1 )  1
j)  8.5 Answer:x = 2.38
2.25

5
k) 3e2x - 2ex = 5 Answer:x = n  0.5108
3

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l) 2 og ( x + 2) = 1 – og 5 Answer: x = -2 + 2 is the only solution;

-2 - 2 is extraneous

m) n ( 3x + 2) – n x = n 2x Answer: x = 2 is the only solution;

1
x= - is extraneous
2
1
n) og (y + 2) + og 5 = 1 Answer : y=2
2

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Tests Review

Part 4. Matrices

1. Perform the following operations of matrices A and B:

 1  1 3 0 4 2 3 7

A= 0 2  1 1 
B= 5  3  1 4

  
 9 11 0 2  1 8 1  2

a) A + 2B

b) 3A - B

c) 2B + 0

2. Find the products C• D and D• C

1 0  3 
 1  1 3 0 5 0  2
C =  0 2  1 1 D= 
3 1 0
 9 11 0 2  
2  2 3 
3. Find the inverse of the following matrices:

 4 3 1 6
S=  T= 
0 2 3 1

1 2 11 13
A=   B=  
3 4 10 12

4. Solve the given system of equations using the inverse of the

coefficient matrix

a) x + 2y = 5
x + 3y = 7

b) 7x = 2y + 14
y = – 4x + 4

c) 4A – B = 6
3A + 2B = 12

d) 10i – 27v = 29
40i + 33v =69

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Answers:
1.

7.00 3.00 9.00 14.00

a) A + 2B = 10.00 -4.00 -3.00 9.00
7.00 27.00 2.00 -2.00

-7.00 -5.00 6.00 -7.00

b) 3A – B = -5.00 9.00 -2.00 -1.00
28.00 25.00 -1.00 8.00

8 4 6 14
c) 2B - O = 10 -6 -2 8
-2 16 2 -4

2. 3.00 3.00 5.00

C D = 9.00 -3.00 -1.00
68.00 -4.00 -43.00

-28.00 -34.00 3.00 -6.00

D C = -23.00 -27.00 15.00 -4.00
-3.00 -1.00 8.00 1.00
25.00 27.00 8.00 4.00

3.

0.25  0.38  0.06 0.35 

S -1 =  T -1 = 
 0 0.50  
 0.18  0.06

 2 1   6  6.5
A –1 =   B –1 =  
1.5  0.5  5 5.5 
4.
a) x = 1, y= 2

b) x= 22/15, y = -28/15

c) A= 24/11, B = 30/11

d) i = 2, v = -1/3

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Tests Review
Part 5. Trigonometry

1. Using the fundamental trigonometric identities, simplify the following expressions:

a) sin2 cot csc Answer: cos

tan 2 θ
b) Answer: -1
1  sec 2 θ

1  cos 2 θ
c) Answer: 1 - cos
1  cos θ

sec 2 θ  1
d) Answer: tan
tan θ

1 cot θ
e) Answer: sin + cos
csc θ

f) cos csc (sec2  - 1) Answer: tan

sin 2 θ cot 2 θ
g) Answer: 1
1  sin 2 θ

h) cos (sec - cos) Answer: sin2

tan θ  cot θ
i) Answer: sec2
cot θ

j) sec cot - cot cos Answer: sin

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2. Prove the following identities:

cot 2 θ cos 2 θ sin θ (1  sin θ)
a)  1 b)  1  csc θ
cot 2 θ  cos 2 θ 1  cos 2 θ

(sin θ  tan θ) 2  cos 2 θ  sec 2 θ tan   tan  sin 2  1

c) = 2 sin θ d) =
tan θ 2 sin  cos  2

sin 3 A  cos 3 A 1  tan 2 B  sec 2 B cot 2 B

e) = sin A + cos A f)  tan 2 B
1  sin A cos A csc B  cot B csc B
2 2 2

cot x sec 2 x  cot x sin y 1  cos y

g) = sin x h)   2 csc y
sin x tan x  cos x 1  cos y sin y

sin 2 x
i) = tan x j) sin 3y = 3sin y cos2y – sin3y
1  cos 2 x

2 cot z 1  2cos 2 x
k) = tan 2z l) = tan x  cot x
csc 2 z  2 sin x cos x

  cot A  cos A
m) cos ( x  )  cos ( x  )   sin x n) cot A =
6 6 1  sin A

2cos 2 x 1  cos 2 x
o)  1  tan x p)  tan x
2cos 2 x  sin 2 x sin 2 x

q) cos ( x + 60  )  cos (60  x )  cos x

tan 2 B 1  tan 2 x
r) 1+  sec B s)  cos 2 x
1  sec B sec 2 x

1  tan 2 x cos A  1
t)  cos 2 x u) (cot A + csc A)2 =
sec 2 x 1  cos A

v) cos (90   y )  sin (90  y )  cos y  sin y

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3. Solve the following equations for x:

1
a) sin x = , 0   x  360  Answers: 30 , 150 
2

b) cos2 x + cos x - 2 = 0, 0   x  360  Answers: 0 

 2 4 5
c) 3 tan2 x - sec2 x - 5 = 0, 0  x  2π Answers: , , ,
3 3 3 3

d) sin x + cos x = 1, 0   x  360  Answers: 0 , 90 

7 11 
e) 2 sin2 x - sin x - 1 = 0, 0  x  2π Answers: , ,
6 6 2

 5
f) tan2 x = sec x + 1, 0  x  2π Answers: , ,
3 3

g) cos 2x = cos x , 0   x  360  Answers: 0 , 120 , 240 

h) 2 sin A cos A – cos A = 0, 0   x  360  Answers: 30, 90, 150, 270

i) sec2 2A – 2 tan 2A = 9, 0   x  360  Answers: 37.98, 127.98, 217.98, 307.98,

58.28, 148.28, 238.28, 328.28


4. Solve for x, where 0  x  (correct to 2 decimal places):
2
a) 3 tan 3x = 1 Answers: 0.11, 1.15


b) 2 cos2 2x + 1 = 3 cos 2x Answers: 0,
6

5. Solve for x, where 0  x < 2  :

 2 4 5
4 cos2 x – 1 = 0 Answer: , , ,
3 3 3 3

Math 180 Supplement