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Policy Making Process

The policy-making process involves several stages: agenda building, formulation, adoption, implementation, evaluation, and termination. It begins with identifying pressing problems that require government action, followed by formulating and adopting solutions through legislative processes. Finally, the policy is implemented and evaluated to assess its effectiveness and efficiency, often using cost-benefit analysis to determine its value.

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47 views2 pages

Policy Making Process

The policy-making process involves several stages: agenda building, formulation, adoption, implementation, evaluation, and termination. It begins with identifying pressing problems that require government action, followed by formulating and adopting solutions through legislative processes. Finally, the policy is implemented and evaluated to assess its effectiveness and efficiency, often using cost-benefit analysis to determine its value.

Uploaded by

austinmaithya25
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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POLICY-MAKING PROCESS

There are several stages in the establishment and carrying out of a policy by the government.
These include agenda building, formulation, adoption, implementation, evaluation and
termination.
1. Policy Initiation/ Agenda Building
In order to create a policy, the government’s attention has to be focused on a pressing problem
requiring legislation. For instance, rivers and streams periodically overflow causing great loss to
property and life. Further, winds and rains erode the land and rob it of its fertility. A social
demand then arises for taking some action regarding the control and development of river
valleys, and the conservation of natural resources. Thus the legitimate public business
comprises the agenda of the state. Again, for example, strife between labour and management
may disrupt essential services or raise the cost of living. People may then demand the
establishment of social machinery for preventing costly work stoppages and for promoting
harmonious labour management relations. In modern times, juvenile delinquency shows a
tendency to increase. Hence people look out for ways of diverting the energies of the youth
into healthy and useful channels. The agenda of the state thus includes the things that
government has to do in order to maintain a vital community. Thus, before a policy can be
created, a problem must exist that is called to the attention of the government.
2. Policy Formulation and Adoption
Policy formulation involves adoption of an approach for solving a problem. In other coming up
with an approach to solving a problem. There may be choice between a negative and a positive
approach to a problem. The legislative branch, the executive branch and the courts may favour
dependence on impersonal forces to correct momentary difficulties. However interest groups
may desire vigorous human interference with these forces to control persistent difficulties.
Either of these approaches involving the formulation of policy. After a policy is formulated, a bill
is presented to the National Assembly, or proposed rules are drafted by regulatory agencies.
The adoption of a policy takes place only when legislation is passed, or regulations are finalised
or a decision has been passed by the Supreme Court.
3. Policy Implementation
Policy implementation is the process of translating policy mandates into action, prescription
into results and goals into reality. It refers to the processes and reality. It refers to the processes
and activities involved in the application, effectuation and administering of a policy. It is the
actions taken to carryout accomplish and fulfill the intents, objectives and expected outcomes
of public policies. It is the act and process of converting a policy into reality and of enforcing a
policy (Pressman & Wildavsky, 1979). Meanwhile, the implementation process consists of the
implementing organisation, the environment particularly the political and economic
environment, the policy target group, the objectives and the enunciated method o
implementation and policy resources.
4. Evaluation and Termination
After the implementation, stage, performance appraisal comes up which is done through
evaluation. The essence is to know how well a policy is doing in relation to intended purposes,
objectives target and intended accomplishments. It relates to whether intended services have
been delivered, intended outcome or other desired and state is achieved, or whether the target
problem or situation has experienced the desired changes. Performance answers the question
of how the policy has fared in its interaction with the environment. The degree of achievement
of the aforementioned aspects, determines the level of performance. Performance
encompasses effectiveness and efficiency. Evaluation involves checking how well the policy is
working out, which is definitely a difficult task. The cost-benefit analysis is used by people inside
and outside government to determine whether government expenditure on a particular
program, is justified by the benefits derived from it. Further, different or also contradictory
interpretations may be obtained from the data that forms the basis of the cost -benefit analysis

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