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Hysteresis Loop

The document discusses the Curie-Weiss law, which describes the behavior of ferromagnetic materials at different temperatures, indicating that they behave as ferromagnetic below the Curie temperature and paramagnetic above it. It also explains the hysteresis loop, illustrating the relationship between magnetic flux density and magnetizing force, highlighting properties such as retentivity, residual flux density, and coercivity. The area of the hysteresis loop represents energy loss during magnetization and demagnetization processes, with materials classified as soft or hard based on their hysteresis characteristics.

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8 views

Hysteresis Loop

The document discusses the Curie-Weiss law, which describes the behavior of ferromagnetic materials at different temperatures, indicating that they behave as ferromagnetic below the Curie temperature and paramagnetic above it. It also explains the hysteresis loop, illustrating the relationship between magnetic flux density and magnetizing force, highlighting properties such as retentivity, residual flux density, and coercivity. The area of the hysteresis loop represents energy loss during magnetization and demagnetization processes, with materials classified as soft or hard based on their hysteresis characteristics.

Uploaded by

medidhag54
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Nñ (l+ x)

3k,T
Nå' Nñ'
3k4T 3k,T (10.17)
Assume, y
Nñ =T and Nñc Therefore,
3ka 3kg
CIT
1-(T, /T)
C
T-T (10.18)
where Cis Curie constant and T, is the Curie temperature of theferromagnetic materal.
This relation is called Curie-Weiss law. For all temperatures T< T, the material behaves
as ferromagnetic. For temperature T > T the thermal agitation is predominant so that
the material changes into paramagnetic state.

10.7 Hysteresis Loop


A typical property of ferromagnetic material is hysteresis. Hysteresis may be defined as
the lag in the changes of magnetization behind the variations of the magnetic field. It gives the
relationship between the induced magnetic flux density (B) and the magnetizing tield (H),
often referred as the B-H loop or I-H loop.

B Flux density
Saturation
A
Retenti vity

Coercivity
-H
Magnetizing force H
in opposite direction Magnetizing force

D
Saturation Flux density
in opposie direction -B in opposite direction

Fig. 10.9 Hysteresis loop of


ferromagnetic material
MAGNETIC MATERIALS 10.19

Consider an unmagnetized ferromagnetic material is placed in amagnetizing field. When


the material is slowly magnetized and the magnetic flux density (B) increases with increase of
magnetizing field (H) initially through OA and reaches saturation at A. When His decreased. B
decreases but it does not comes to zero at H=0. The residual flux density (B) set up in the
material represented by OB is called Retentivity. To bring B to zero, opposite magnetizing field
reaching the
is applied. This magnetizing field represented by 0C is called coercivity. After
saturation level D, when the magnetizing field is reversed, the curve closes to the point A,
10.9.
completing a cycle. The loop OABCDEFA is called hysteresis loop as shown in Fig.
irreversible process
The process of magnetization anddemagnetization by changing His an
the loss of energy due to the
as illustrated by the hysteresis loop. The area of the loop gives retentivity
form of heat. The
cycle of magnetizationand demagnetization and is dissipated in the ferromagnetic materials.
different
and coercivity of the hysteresis loop are the characteristics of
may be classified as soft and hard
Based on the degree of their value, the magnetic material
temporary magnets and
magnetic materials. The material having thin loop is used for making
the hysteresis loop, the following
that with thick loop is used for permanent magnets. From
determined.
properties of a magnetic material can be
which the magnetic flux density
i) Retentivity : It is the property of magnetic material in value of magnetic
to zero. The
remaining, when the applied field is reduced from saturation
retentivity.
flux density at point B on the hysteresis curve shows
remaining when the applied field is
iü) Residual flux density : The magnetic flux density
reduced from saturation to zero is called residual flux density.
residual magnetic flux
iüi) Coercivity : It is the property of magnetic material in which the
material.
density becomes zero at certain value of reverse magnetic field applied to the
iv) Coercive field :The amount of reverse magnetic field applied to the magnetic material
in which the residual magnetic flux density becomes zero is called coercive field. The
value of H at point Con the hysteresis curve is the coercive field.

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