[Math-AA 3.

7] TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
SOLUTIONS
Compiled by: Christos Nikolaidis

O. Practice questions
1. (a)

(b)
Function Amplitude Period Central axis Range
y  sin x 1 2π y0 1  y  1
f ( x)  sin x  2 1 2π y2 1 y  3
g ( x)  sin x  2 1 2π y  2 3  y  1
(c) yc

2. (a)

(b)

Function Amplitude Period Central axis Range

y  sin x 1 2π y0 1  y  1
f ( x)  3sin x 3 2π y0 3  y  3
f ( x)  3sin x 3 2π y0 3  y  3

(c) a
(d) (i) a (ii) yc

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3. (a)

(b)

(c)
Function Amplitude Period Central axis Range
y  sin x 1 2π y0 1  y  1
f ( x)  sin 2 x 1 π y0 1  y  1
x
g ( x)  sin 1 4π y0 1  y  1
2
2π
(d)
b
2π
(e) (i) a (ii) yc (iii)
b
4. (a)
Function Amplitude Period Central axis Range
f ( x) 3 π y4 1 y  7
(b)

2
5. (a)
Function Amplitude Period Central axis Range
f ( x) 3 2 y4 1 y  7
(b)

6. (a)
Function Amplitude Period Central axis Range
2π yc
f ( x) a ca  y ca
b
(b)
Function Period Central axis Range
π yc
f ( x) yℝ
b

7.
Function Amplitude Period Central axis Range
f ( x)  sin x 1 2π y0 1  y  1
f ( x)  cos x 1 2π y0 1  y  1
f ( x)  sin x  1 1 2π y 1 0 y2
f ( x)  sin x  1 1 2π y  1 2 y 0
f ( x)  5 sin x 5 2π y0 5 y  5
f ( x)  7 sin x 7 2π y0 7  y  7
f ( x)  sin 4 x 1 π/2 y0 1  y  1
f ( x)   cos 4 x 1 π/2 y0 1  y  1
f ( x)  3 sin 4 x 3 π/2 y0 3 y  3
f ( x)  3 sin 4 x  10 3 π/2 y  10 7  y  13
f ( x)  3 sin 4 x  2 3 π/2 y  2 5  y 1
f ( x)  5 sin 3x 5 2π / 3 y0 5 y  5
f ( x)  5 sin x  10 5 2π y  10 5  y  15
f ( x)  tan x π y0 yR
f ( x)  tan 4 x π/4 y0 yR
f ( x)  5 tan 4 x  10 π/4 y  10 yR

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8. (a) amplitude = 80, central value = 100, period = π/2
2π 2π
(b) f ( x)  80 sin 4 x  100 , since B   4
Period π / 2
π π
(c) (i) f ( x )  80 sin 4( x  )  100 , ( D  is the position of the 2nd () root)
4 4
π π
(ii) f ( x )  80 cos 4( x  )  100 , ( D  is the position of the maximum)
8 8
3π 3π
(iii) f ( x )  80 cos 4( x  )  100 ( D  is the position of the minimum)
8 8
9. f ( x)  60 sin 4 x  100 , 0  x  π
y
180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20
x
-π/4 -π/8 π/8 π/4 3π/8 π/2 5π/8 3π/4 7π/8 π 9π/8

10. f ( x)  60 cos 4 x  100 , 0  x  π

y
180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20
x
-π/4 -π/8 π/8 π/4 3π/8 π/2 5π/8 3π/4 7π/8 π 9π/8

11. f ( x)  60 sin 4 x  80 , 0  x  π

y
160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20
x
-π/4 -π/8 π/8 π/4 3π/8 π/2 5π/8 3π/4 7π/8 π 9π/8

4
12. f ( x)  60 cos 4 x  80 , 0  x  π

y
160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20
x
-π/4 -π/8 π/8 π/4 3π/8 π/2 5π/8 3π/4 7π/8 π 9π/8

(i) k  140 (ii) k  20 (iii) 20  k  140 (iv) k  20 or k  140

A. Exam style questions (SHORT)

13. (a) f (x) = 15 sin (6x)
(b) period = 2=
(c) 15 sin 6x = 0, (OR sin 3x = 0 and cos 3x = 0)
6x = 0, , 2
 
x = 0, ,
6 3
 π
14. From sketch of graph y = 4sin  3x   or by observing sin   1.
 2
k > 4, k < –4

15. (a) period = 

(b)
y
4
3
2
1
0 π π 3π 2π x
–1 2 2
–2
–3
–4
(c) 4 (solutions)

16. (a) p = 30

(b) Period = 2 =   q = 4
q 2

5
17. (a) (i) –1
(ii) 4 (accept 720°)
(b)
y

 32

number of solutions: 4

18. 3 = p + q cos 0 3 = p + q

–1 = p + q cos –1 = p – q
(i) p=1 (ii) q=2
 3x 
 1 
 1 1
19. (a) h( x)  4 cos 2  1 = 4 cos x    1,
 3    2 3
 
 
(b) period is 4π
(c) range is –5 ≤ h(x) ≤ 3 ([–5, 3])

73
20. (a) (i) amplitude = = 5  p = –5
2
 2π π 
(ii) period = 8  q = 0.785    
 8 4

7 3
(iii) r= r=2
2
(b) k = –3 (accept y = –3)

21. METHOD 1
The value of cosine varies between –1 and +1. Therefore:
t = 0  a + b = 14.3
t = 6  a – b = 10.3
 a = 12.3 b=2
2 π(12)
Period = 12 hours  = 2π k = 12
k
METHOD 2
From graph: Midpoint = a = 12.3
Amplitude = b = 2
2π
Period = = 12 k = 12
2π
k

6
   3 
22. a = 4, b = 2, c =  or etc 
2  2 
23. (a)
y
10

–360° –180° 0 180° 360° x

–5

–10

(b) (i) Period = 360 (accept 2) (ii) f (90) = 2

(c) 270, 90
24.

25.

26. (a) [-4, 2]

(b) 4 solutions
(c) (i) exactly 2 solutions if k = 2 or k = - 4
(ii) exactly 4 solutions if – 4 < k < 2
(iii) no solutions if k > 2 or k < - 4.

27.

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28. With GDC
(a) x = 2.79
(b) x  3.32 or x  5.41
Without GDC
π π π 8π
(a) sin( x  )  0  x   kπ   x    kπ gives x  (≡ 2.79)
9 9 9 9

 π 1
(b) sin  x     
 9 2

π π π π 5π 31π
x    2kπ  x     2kπ  x   2kπ , gives x  (≡ 5.41)
9 6 6 9 18 18
π 5π 5π π 17π 19π
x    2kπ  x     2kπ  x   2kπ , gives x  (≡3.32)
9 6 6 9 18 18

29. (a)
y
15

10

–
π 0 π x
3 3

–5

passing through (0, 0), range approximately 1 to 15.

(b) x = 0.207 x = 0.772

30. (a) b=6

(b)
y
B

x
1 2

(c) x = 1.05 (no additional solutions)

8
31. (a) y  sin x → y  2 sin x → y  2 sin( x  1) → y  2 sin(3x  1)
Vertical stretch scale factor 2
Horizontal translation 1 unit to the right
Horizontal stretch scale factor 1/3 (i.e. shrink)
(b)  1.36  x  0.832 or 0.354  x  1.14 .

32. The graph looks like

1.5
y=sin3x+sin6x
1
0.5
  
–0.5 
 
–1

–1.5

(a) [-1.76, 1.76]

(b) 11 solutions
2π
(c) Period =
3

 πx 
2sin  
33. (a) ( f  g )( x )  e  2 

Period = period of sin   

πx 2π
4
  π
2
2

The first positive interval is (0.488, 1.51)

Then we add 4 (period) to obtain the next interval.

9
B. Exam style questions (LONG)

34. (a) f (1) = 3 f(5) = 3

(b) EITHER distance between successive maxima = period = 5 – 1 = 4
2π
OR period = =4
π
2
3  (1) 4
(c) Amplitude = A =  =2
2 2
3  (1) 2
Midpoint value = B =  =1
2 2
π  1 5 13
(d) f (x) = 2  2sin  x  + 1 = 2 x = or or
2  3 3 3
(e) (i) k = -1 (ii) 1≤ k < 3 (iii) -1< k < 1 or k = 3 (iv) k < -1 or k > 3

35. (a) (i) 10 + 4sin1 = 13.4

(ii) At 2100, t = 21
10 + 4sin 10.5 = 6.48
(b) (i) 14 metres
t
(ii) 14 = 10 + 4sin    t = π (=3.14)
2
(c) (i) 4
t
(ii) 10 + 4sin   = 7  t = 7.98
2
(iii) depth < 7 from 8 –11 = 3 hours, from 2030 – 2330 = 3 hours
therefore, total = 6 hours

1 1
36. (a) (i) Q= (14.6 – 8.2) = 3.2 (ii) P = (14.6 + 8.2) = 11.4
2 2
π 
(b) 10 = 11.4 + 3.2cos  t 
6 
t = 3.8648. t = 3.86(3 s.f.)
(c) (i) By symmetry, next time is 12 – 3.86... = 8.135... t = 8.14 (3 s.f.)
(ii) From above, first interval is 3.86 < t < 8.14
This will happen again, 12 hours later, so 15.9 < t < 20.1

37. (a) (i) 7 (ii) 1 (iii) 10

18 2
(b) (i) A =8
2
(ii) C = 10

(iii) period = 12 B
6
(c) t = 3.52, t = 10.5, between 03:31 and 10:29 (accept 10:30)

10
38. (a)

(b) (i) 5 (ii) 2π (6.28) (iii) –0.927

(c) f (x) = 5 sin (x + 0.927) (accept p = 5, q = 1, r = 0.927)
(d) 3 s.f. values which round to –5.6, 0.64
(e) k = –5, k = 5

39. (a) When t = 1, l = 33 + 5 cos 720 = 38

(b) lmin = 33 – 5= 28
(c) 33 = 33 + 5cos720t t = 1/8
360  1 
(d) period =  
720  2 

40. (a) arc AB = r7.85 (m)

1
(b) Area of sector AOB A  r 2 θ = 58.9 (m2)
2
(c) METHOD 1 METHOD 2

π
π6 3
2 π
3

 
angle = 30 angle = 60
6 3
 
height = 15 + 15 sin = 22.5 (m) height = 15 + 15 cos = 22.5 (m)
6 3
   
(d) (i) h  15 15 cos    = 25.6 (m)
 
4 2 4
 
(ii) h(0) = 15  15 cos  0   = 4.39(m)
 4
(iii) METHOD 1
Highest point when h = 30
   3 
30 = 15  15 cos  2t   t = 1.18  accept 
 4  8 
METHOD 2
Using graph t = 1.18

11
41. (a) (i) 100 (metres)
(ii) 50 (metres)
(b) (i) Symmetry with h(2) = 9.5
h(8) = 100 – 9.5 = 90.5
(ii) h(21) = h(1) = 2.4
(c)

2π  π 
(d) b    (accept b =18 if working in degrees)
20  10 
a = –50, c = 50

42. (a)

(b) (i) (2,0) (or x = 2)

(ii) period = 8
(iii) amplitude = 5
(c) (i) (2, 0), (8, 0) (or x = 2, x = 8)
(ii) x = 5 (must be an equation)
(d) intersect when x = 2 and x = 6.79

43. (a)  = 0  k2 – 4  4  1 = 0  k2 = 16  k = 4, k =  4
(b) using cos 2 = 2 cos2   1, f () = 4 cos2  + 4 cos  + 1
(c) (i) 1
(ii) METHOD 1
Solve for cos 
1
cos  =   = 240, 120,  240, 120
2,
METHOD 2
Directly by GDC:  = 240, 120, 240, 120
(d) Using graph, c = 9

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