STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

SAMPLING AND SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION

RECALL
The totality of subjects that
is under investigation or
experiment is called
population. The part chosen
from a population is called
sample and the process of
taking samples is called
sampling.
RECALL
Random Sampling refers to the
sampling technique in which
each member of the population
is given equal chance to be
chosen as part of the sample.
The different types of random
sampling includes lottery
sampling, systematic sampling,
stratified random samling,
cluster sampling, and multi-
stage sampling.
RECALL
The measurement or quantity
that describes the population is
called parameter.

 he measurement or quantity
T
that describes the sample is
called statistic.
IMPORTANT FORMULAS TO REMEMBER

C =
N! Use in determining the possible samples
N n n!(N-n)! that can be drawn from a population

= X Use to find the population mean

N
2

()
2 2 Use to find the
2 (X- ) 2 X X
=
N
OR =
N - N population variance

2 Use to find the

()
2
2
= (X- ) OR 2
= X - X population standard
N N N deviation
SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION OF SAMPLING MEANS
Finding the Mean and Variance of the Sampling Distribution

Consider the population given in the previous example where 3

sample size are drawn from the population. Let us try to
describe the sampling distribution of the sample means by
answering the following questions:
what is the mean and variance of the sampling distribution
of the sample means?
Compare these values to the mean and variance of the
population?
SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION OF SAMPLING MEANS
Finding the Mean and Variance of the Sampling Distribution

Let us compute first the mean and variance of the population.

To compute the population mean, the formula is:

= X = 2 + 4 + 9 + 10 + 5
=
30
= 6.00
N 5 5
Therefore, the mean of the population is 6.00
 SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION OF SAMPLING MEANS
Finding the Mean and Variance of the Sampling Distribution
Let us compute first the mean and variance of the population.
2
To compute the population variance, the formula is: 2
= (X- )
(X - ) 2 N
X X-
2 -4 16 2
4 -2 4 2 (X- ) = 46
=
N
= 9.2
9 3 9 5
10 4 16 = 3.03
5 -1 1 Therefore, the variance of the population is 9.2,
2
(X- ) = 46 and the standard deviation is 3.03.
 SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION OF SAMPLING MEANS
Constructing the Sample Distribution of the Sample Means
Suppose that a population is consist of the numbers 2, 4, 9, 10 and 5.
Let us list all the possible samples of size 3 from the population and
compute for the mean of each sample.

STEP 1. Determine the possible samples that can be drawn using the formula:
N!
Cn= n!(N-n)!
N

5! 5x4x3x2x1 5x4x3x2x1 120

5 C3 = 3!(5-3)! = = = =10
3x2X1(2)! 3x2X1(2x1) 12

Therefore, there are 10 possible samples of size 3 that can be drawn from the
given population.
 SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION OF SAMPLING MEANS
Constructing the Sampling Distribution of the Sample Means

STEP 2. List all the possible samples and compute for the mean of each sample.
 SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION OF SAMPLING MEANS
Constructing the Sampling Distribution of the Sample Means
STEP 3. Construct the frequency distribution of the sample means obtained in
Step 2. Note: You can arranged the computed means into ascending or descending order and indicate the frequency of each.
 SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION OF SAMPLING MEANS
Constructing the Sampling Distribution of the Sample Means
STEP 3. Construct the probability distribution of the sample means.
Sampling Distribution of the Sample Means
EXERCISES DO THIS IN A YELLOW PAPER
1. How many different samples of size n=3 can be selected from a
population with:
a. N =4
b. N = 8
c. N = 20
d. N = 50

2. Construct a probability distribution of a population consists of the five numbers 2, 3, 6,

8 and 11. Consider samples of size 2 that can be drawn from this population.
SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION OF SAMPLING MEANS
Finding the Mean and Variance of Sample Mean f P( )
the Sampling Distribution 3.67 1 .10

Let us compute now the mean of 5.00 1 .10

the sampling distribution of the
5.33 2 .20
sample means
5.67 1 .10
To compute this, multiply the
sample mean by the corresponding 6.00 1 .10

probability and add the results. 6.33 1 .10

To find the mean of the sampling 7.00 1 .10

distribution of the sample mean,
7.67 1 .10
the formula is:
= P( ) 8.00 1 .10
SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION OF SAMPLING MEANS
Finding the Mean and Variance of Sample Mean f P( ) P( )
the Sampling Distribution 3.67 1 .10 .367

= P( ) 5.00 1 .10 .500

5.33 2 .20 1.066

Therefore, the mean of the 5.67 1 .10 .567

sampling distribution of the 6.00 1 .10 .600

sampling mean is 6.00
6.33 1 .10 .633

7.00 1 .10 .700

7.67 1 .10 .767

8.00 1 .10 .800

P( ) = 6.00
SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION OF SAMPLING MEANS
Finding the Mean and Variance P( ) 2
of the Sampling Distribution
Let us compute now the variance of 3.67 .10 13.4689

the sampling distribution of the sample

5.00 .10 25.0000
means
To compute this, square the sample means 5.33 .20 28.4089

and subtract it's probability. Add the 5.67 .10 32.1489

results and subtract the square of the
computed mean. 6.00 .10 36.0000

To find the variance of the sampling 6.33 .10 40.0689

distribution of the sample mean, the formula
is: 2 2 7.00 .10 49.0000
2
= [ P( )] -
7.67 .10 58.8289

8.00 .10 64.0000

SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION OF SAMPLING MEANS
Finding the Mean and Variance P( ) 2 2
of the Sampling Distribution P( )
2 2 3.67 .10 13.4689 1.3469
2
= [ P( )] -
2 5.00 .10 25.0000 2.5000
= 37.5334-6
= 37.5334-36 5.33 .20 28.4089 5.6818

= 1.5334 or 1.53
5.67 .10 32.1489 3.2149

Therefore, the variance of the sampling

6.00 .10 36.0000 3.6000
distribution of the sample means is 1.53 and
the standard deviation is 1.24. 6.33 .10 40.0689 4.0069

7.00 .10 49.0000 4.9000

7.67 .10 58.8289 5.8829

8.00 .10 64.0000 6.4000

2
[ P( )]= 37.5334
SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION OF SAMPLING MEANS
Finding the Mean and Variance of the Sampling Distribution

what is the mean and variance of the sampling distribution

of the sample means?
Answer:
Compare these values to the mean and variance of the
population?
Answer:
EXERCISES DO THIS IN A YELLOW PAPER
1. Construct a probability distribution of a population consists of the
five numbers 2, 3, 6, 8 and 11. Consider samples of size 2 that can be
drawn from this population.
Compute the mean and variance of the population.
Compute the mean and variance of the sampling distribution of
the sample means.
EXERCISES In your notebook...
Given the population 1, 3, 4, 6, and 8. Suppose a sample size of
3 is drawn from this population:
1. what is the mean, variance and standard deviation of the
population?
2. how many different samples of size n=3 can be drawn from
the population? List all the possible samples with their
corresponding means.
3. what is the mean of the sampling distribution of the sample
means?
4. what is the variance and standard deviation of the the
sampling distribution of the sample means?
PROPERTIES OF THE SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION OF THE SAMPLE MEANS
PROPERTIES OF THE SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION OF THE SAMPLE MEANS
EXERCISES DO THIS IN A YOUR NOTEBOOK.
Compute the mean, variance, and standard deviation
of the sampling distribution taken from the following
population:

1. when 25 numbers are drawn with replacement from a jar

containing 1,3,5, and 6.
2. when you draw a random sample of 30 people in a community of
1500 people with a mean age of 42 and variance of 16.