Modude - 4- Statistial Tntterne-T

Sampling t Vavicbley
Consider sampling t a variabe Sueh cy cwciqht, ght etc
Eauh member t the population qives a value A a uaiablc
and thi populetion js a tq uentt dstibuion et the
Vancble. Thes a yandem Sample t Size n um the
Poplai same as selechna n voi et the vaicbley
tum those e thu dstbton
Samplnq dstibuthon ot th Mean IHa poplotion s
dishsbuted nmly ith
th mean s cund standavd entn
S thn the men et
ct alll psiiie an dlonm Size n,
ave clo distibutecd noYm ally witth Man u and S-D(eY)
6Nn. Thiy ut shous hoo the psrc+sion d a Sample
Si2e in(elei
incae as the samplc
t Cental nit thecoem
T{ t vancble X hau a non -nmal distibuton oith
mean and SD. thun the mtng ushbton t
2= n ’ , wthe standad nmal vanate

Theot iy no estichon upun thu d'stibuton t X exept

tht d hey q irit mean and vcAYNne, Thiy thecem hoids
w tr a
darge
Thus if the popud ation s nmal, the sampling cushibut on ot
Whle darge samde the Scmc ssllt ho lcy en t the
tibtin t ihe populcton i non -ncm cl. Thy prrper
uiversal e and thro qht on the mnce
nrma distbutun stati shcad thi
 Confi dence uts fn Unknown Mean
le4 the populatior Arom whch a an dom sample et ize )
uy dhawn, hav mean A ond Sp. 6
L4 s not knoon, 4hert ewid be a
tor whch obsered mean dt the Sumple s not signjancont
Ciny assiqned Jevd st probabili
The yelodit deviccion o tromn l iy (X-)|Ur

|6-) rnl< ie
Probdn
the means od simple Sarmples t size} 100o and so00 arc
67.5 and G&.o (m espectvedy. can ths Surnple) be regaded
ay drawn Arm he Same populalior) ct S p. 2-5 Cm
We have.
2,=67.S
S.D,=2.S
we have, 63-0- 64.5

2.s(oooo00)
5.1
o,096s
Hence ths dstteytnte between the
Sample mean
S. ver Tmuch qrecder thcn 1.96 and is 4retre
Siguticand. Thus, the sample cannot be vegarded
roco the Same populaton,
 student's t distibution
Test ot Sigriticance A Smal Sample .
In the Case ot Jorge sarnples, Sampling Gshibufon
Jollou neYma distibtfon shich is not true
the (use ot Smal Sample. we intouee thu Contept
A deqre et Aree clom tr bscuning tudent's t dhibt
Degrees o4 freedom,
The nunber ot degrees st treedom (df] uually
denotal by v s the number ot values n a get wich
ma be anigned aobitraiy. Tt Con be interprete
the number ot independent values qenrcde by a
Sample ct Samall Size kuy esti mating ca popuation
paratneter.
Test ot Siqnficante Aer Sm cl
Sumples
Stucdent'st Drstóbion:
Student'st test ot a SCmpk m
ton,;
Statistic t s de ned cy
f= n

s the San
Mean
(x;-x)
(n-)
us the Saumple vanance
4he number ct
V=(n-) denote the
degrecs ct treedom ert t'
To tesl 4he hypothesis, whether
the Sample ean X cilters
Sigruticantty Arom 4he populotion
mcon u, e com pute student's t,
 we alo deuke a note t the value
ot t ter the given d{ tom the ;-7)
tble ot Standard vaes (n)
T! |41>t-05 the olitteYnce ben =f-4.35jt(-725+
is Scüd to be signiticant (-2-25)' +(-o-25) +
at 5 . devel ot Sigticane. (.5+(75f+(275
I{ |t>to the cittence es Scid to +(2-75)
1 de vel ot
be Sigiticcunt o (49. 5)
nce Siguticane.
TI t1 s de thanthe toable value . S= 2.66
a ceytaün devel ot signticne, Thus, t = 0.2S-0
the data is Sid to be contmal/ 2.66

Cons'stant with the hpothesîs that

O-266

l is the men ot the populahon, Ten incbviducs are choose ot

lso Yandlom trom a populotion and
we have g5- conficdance iits toY. their heights in inches aye found
M Aiven by t S t.o5 to be 63, 63, 66, 67, 68,69, 70, 70, 7,
71. Test the hpothesis that mean
Similard are gin height t the iverse s G6 inches.
q4/- conde imis or
oc=2. 262 fy 9 dt) (DEC 2018
by. t S . t.o = We have l= 66, n=lo
Vn

RroblernS : = 67.8

0 find the student's t for the ollo S= -)

-oing vanable vaues n a Sample
n

t eghti -4, -2,-2, 0, 2, 2, S, 3

verse
(63 - 67.r)+--- t(7|-(78
cnç
taking the mean ot he = 4.067
to be zeYD. S=3.ol|
We have, t= - 4 n
S
By clato u=0 cund n=8
3.0|
2= (ru-2-2+0+2t2+3+3) | q <2.2G2
Thus the hipothes is a(epeo at S.
Hevel c sigrifiCance.
 rmaruatturer ct
ct dry telll clcumed thct the
ste ct their 2u.0 h A Sample et o cell!
had 22. 5 hrs witn
avjdule intmation, test hethey
manuiuturcy Cenrect

devel t Signitcanle,
data U= 24 n= LO, X = e2.5. 3

22-S-24
3 V= 10-|

V=9
- |: S
|41 =
| t | = .Ste 2.26 fy . Manutacturei
Thn htpothcsis us cueptcd at SI. LOS.
E
3A
2) qovermtnt owned mu
bagr ct so0 ml puki. A vondunm Sumple A 16 patka
25 md y found. Test whther there Siqtcant
d tterene un thy Conte ots. of he pukets.
’ By data n=16 S=25
7S-S00
25

It|= 4 >tia 2.131 tr d t. 1s at 457. Los

th hpo theiis in ejected ond Conclude that
theye a rea siguicant teene in the Content
st the palets.
axle
rnachust s making engine parts with
par1s
doarneter ot C.7 inth. A andom Sarnple t 10
ddianety o.7u2 inth with S0 ct4 o.04
show mean
wodd you Say thet
inch. O the hasis t this Sample,
thu co¯rlk
> By data n=10, X= o.742, =0.T, = 0.04
.T4 2 -0.

t,=
Cul
3.918
3.318 > t,2.262 fy 9.dt
..4 = 3.318 > ti
The siqnhcant at s . Los. and

Hence Ahu onk w jnfe iY.

3 A Scunple L0 mecuments We Compute,t - -9
ot th diametey et a shhert
94ve
sYn+Yna
Standayd cleviahon o.- |S ám. n,tn,-2l
find the 951 Contidence Limits
ur the autucd ciameter
ntng -2
> By date, n=\o, 12,
S 0 . |5. and deqeot treedom,
d-{-2.2 62
Adso t.0s fr 9 V= n,t n-2
Confilence imits ta dhe utucl TH ltl >t.0s the ditenne betueen
ci amettr is gitn by the Scmple mens s Scud do be
=12t 0.15 (2. 262) siqruficant et s Jevet est sign
= 2 t O-17073
- Cance. Simdordy 11 leved st signit

Thus |-&93 Cm to |2"10 (m fobdems.

Agvup ct boys n gixs
is the tonidene imts fr the
cuttual cametey.
given cn indelligente test Tre

Test eot Siquicane seoy clikenne

beten Sanple eus Boys
70
(oryicdey two independent Sampes Me cn

x;(i=y2,3-- n) 8 9; i=,2--.n)
SD
|2
meen
dhawn trom a nomc popdahon IS thu clilteYnce befucen the
let ( ,6a) 3(9,5) spethe be
the mCun and vanAnte ot e
two Samples. let u be tthu poputd (t.os
) We hqve X =74, S, =8, ,12f8)
mean cnd s be the populahon
Va ance.
Also ce hav,
hJe neecd to lest thu hypotheis
whether thu dfte nte betwecn the 4= I-9
Semple mans n sigruficand SNyn,tYnz
whae, 9
 jevel o Sgriticane
Theu null hpothesis that there s
Now, = l2(G4)tlo(|00) no Siqrú ticud itte nnie in tha
20 two mens
S = 88.4 S= 9-402794 Sigru thcance devel
t- 4-20 - 0.934 ) Aqoup of l0 boye ed on a
9-4Y2+Yio cluct A cnd cnot her grup
liet A
&bhys ted on a ittend
Thus thu hypotheis thd Jhere a tn a penod ed 6 monthy
dittene betwten thu men ot the 9ecorded thu to llowjng inotye
at sl: (weiqht tos 2.12 tor l6 df)
two gruups s ucptd in j0
Ceuel ot Signiticnie, Diet A56 8 I 12 43 9 6
lo 2
Djei B: 23 6 &
Two types est bethes Che teted ACnd B d.4e
5) Test whey c,es
fu theiy dength ct le cncl th their ettect
obBined
ullowjng reiult
Btery A:n=lo, X,
tweve

hry,
=\öoSoo hrs,
=121 2
2
Siquhcaneght
On incv(Cye in werght
’ lel the vanable x
coTresPUnd to
B.
=Slo -tu ciet A cundy to be det
Batievy B:n lo, X, ancd test whet
Comput Studert's t ditexnce in
a Siquticant
he t 0 mea s .
~(«-)'= Lo2.4 ; G-9)= 82
n,tng-2 nitn2
S?= (loxI00) +(10P1) 122.18 (l02.4t2) )

S=l|-080 5
S 3-395
S = |1. 525 )
have t =.
we (ongidey, t
s WYn,tYn
60
1.0805o.1+0|
3-395 YotY
grcder than
the toable vclue ot t ed oll Jevel But t-os t r l6 d =2.2 tum the
then the
4ables.t=o.87 us ley
 Jtvel et Signuticane
hul not ct
Thuy uwe (onue hut the two
diels do not ditey SigniticCundy chi-une distibution
vjarding theiy e tect on inaye cu Square dustidion pruvides
in wighd ch betuten
meyurt ct (oYespondante nd
1 Two horsey Acnd B were tested 4he 4huUYetical 4equcnie)
aLordng to he time to un a obseved Arequentiel.
particular rate with the to wing T{ 0;,2,3 n) cnd F(i,2,--)
cbertd
Yespettively dendtes a set ct
ld-B)
rests (t os=2.2 to=272,
Hose A: 2830 3233 33 29 34 and eshimcked trequenties, the
Hoye B29 30 30 24
27 29 quandidy chi-squAYe denct ed by
(an csimunode
Test whether Jou
between the tuo horses
’ let the vanahles y and pethvd E;
B
torespond to horse A cnd heorse deqees ot Aree dom =n-t
x=-?1) 31.3,
169 = 28.2
Note T4 the expeted trequenue art
less thcun 10, we group thm Swtubly
Zu-)=91.43, 2y-)=26:*4 fus Cornpuhny
Boblem,
ntn,2
= (31.43+26.g4) )A cuce us thrwn 26l4 timey Cund
the numyer ippeiog on the tae
S-2973,S= 9-3016
(ortider,t X - y olustnbuton,
SNInn 3
31-3-- 2.9 9.12 ?{0 32 ? S 54

t.os > The f quenies in the aitn dot

qre ihi observ requentiel.
Assuuny tht he due unhiaed
 the expeted nuhey et trtquenties 200, \50, \0o, 50
fy the nube , ?,3, 4,5,6 to We have the foaing dble
90 20
290
Gpes on the t e
264 = 44 e uh

Nou the doa us

2. 2 4
200 Go
Observed 4 (0) L0 32 28 S8 S4 60

Expetd (E) 44 4u 44
X=E -E) Thuy thu hpothesis is ejected.
E:
(40-44),G2-44* o-44) 4 e0ins qne to ssecd 00 dimes and
tHu tllowing eJults wert obtained.
=l (368)
X= = 22 f c binonuad cstbuthon fes the
eleta cnd test the govdneW ot 4it.
Tus x 22

A Scmple anyis et exqmunation Alugber ead o 2 3 4

results ot S00 Students wi) made. 5 29 3625 5
T1 wL) 4ond that 220 Student quney
hed tile d,l o yad se(ured tird b the binonmicl dstnb
clan go had sectrecd Serond class Mean =(*) 96 1.96
did 9o hed se(tned st clois.
Do tbeye fqunes suppurt the genercd
uneiòn neult cwich is in
the to
4i3:2) tn the gjpeti Expectkd rquenieJ Qye.
Cuteqo1e) ("x'.0s = 3 d-4)
fC)= 100 P(r)=\00 4(,p2
let y dake th hypothesis thet Whire M= 0,I,2,3, 4.
these tiquvey Suppurt to the general flo) =, F)= 26,
F(2)= 37,
F3) = 24, f(4)6.
The exper ted Arquenies un the rtquned therehal bequiie
espeti (cteguy are Thuy th
500, Xs00,*500,SO0 Qye 1, 2-6, 87, 24, 6.
 We have te tolouwing dable Since
29 36 25 5 o we shal lub d coith the
26 37 24 Prtviow one

26 37 14
= 0.025
Thuy x 0.025=. 815
Thuy
=152X=943 Thues the hy pothess thet the Aitnen y
Thus the hy pothesis had de ttnes) Jood cun be acepted.
ws goDd Cun be accepted. 5) The number od uliclents per day )
as ecoy ded in a textde inclustry
4 fH a poisson dshibution tu the
period ot 400 clay is given belaco.
Aoowing data cnd tesB th g0oht Tet Ah good nes et tit in xes
st poisson oistibutiun t tit to
4 tHe given cdeda.(os9:49 ty yd)
2 2 3
122
73 L6& 31 1
We shal tist compude the man
’ The Crespondiny thorttical
0+60t30t6t4 -0.5sm
200 Arequenties ave i3,I43, 56, Is,3,0.
The puison dsh buon , shal cub the dat two tcqutnic]
Pi) = mm to have tollowing table.
and
O; 173 183t| =3
let e ) = 20o-pa) 183 )43 56 3t0 =3

i , A)=200 (0-5)' But

6.S
e No6065
625 + 361t
H) = |2).3 (0-5) 143 56
X= 0, , 2,3,24. X 2.297
(6) =121, f)-6, F2)=(5 ^o.os9.49
r

0.05
F3) 3
Thu titney ot gord.
we have the folltujng ahie ditnen
|22 60 2tl3 Thus th hypethesis 4hct the
121 61 3t03
E;
6 A set ot dive Similay Coind is tossed 39o times and
2
NO. c4 heas 3
27 72 12 32
vequen fo llow c binomi
lest dhe hy pothesís 4het he data
d stibution.
P= Pmbabiity ot gething head -
tud =
We have PCx) = nyp e :
n-X
=
s (o-s)'(o5-x.
F(x) = 320 P(x)
D

s(,(o s) (o- 5) = LO
Fu) 320 S,(0-s)' (o-s) s 50
F2) -320 s, (o-s) (o.s)= 100
F3) = 320 Sa los(o-s) = 100
Fc4) 320 S, (o-s) (o-s) = s0
FCS) 320 (o-slos'= (0.
Thus th theveticcu treguenuieS are
a lo, So, l00, \o0, S0, Io
Hence
t a o; = 6 2 7 112 32

E; = So
2
=

6-t)+1-50)4 ql-so)
So
32 -10)
= 1863
loo
9

18-68 X.os 2
Since e caleulaled value sA is much grecdes thun os
th hjpoth ais thed thu dote tollow th binonial law is jected
 Poisson distsbution to h o llo wing data and 4est te
O.05.

3S2 s6

Mean m= go4
=0-4049

Hene the theretical Arequenties ar

loo0 xe m E Q, 2 3,4.

1e FC0) = Looo X e elo

D.go4) 4o4:4
-866
Fa)
= |6S.4
21
P3) = 4o4-9 (o-9o
3!
Co-9ou

Thy he 4oy-9366, l6s.4, 49

theerettccd trequeniel I1.3, 997.4.
= 41g 3S2 1sy
366 l6S-4

hence yZoi-E,)
E;
(S6 -49-)
366 65-4
404-9 49-&
+ U9-|:3)
|l.3

2
We have 4he it ney good Can be
aue pBecl.
 f Distsbution
Kay--an. ndd , Y243--Yn b thu
b¹ th valued two
independent an dom samples dvuwn trom the no mal populetin
having equal vaDantes
let x and y be the Sample means and.
4 S-E-) (ng-) Z0;-T) be thu Samplk
Variances
Thun we deneF by the eletion. F=

"This gives f- distibution with , = nl Vs n2

deqnees ot freedom, The larger d the vañanie is ploued
in th remeater:

Problems
O Two Samples ot si2es 9 andl 8 gives thu Sum ot squares
6t devictions trom their respective means eq ual to L60
{nches cund 91 inches vespethivdy. can these be egarded
drou Arom the same norm al poplation 9
we have. T4-)'=g1
L60

(n;-)
F= =|:54,neardy.
Ar v, = n- 8 Vn = hg-l=7
we have 6.os = 9.73
3)Too 2andom gamples cwere dhauwn from two normal
Popul chond cund 4heir vues
1hey vaulues are
A: l6, |7, 25, 2G,32, 3 4, 38, 40, 42
B 14, IG, 2u, 2 i 32,35, 37, 42, 43, 45,47
Test Whe ther the two popwohor have the same vanane at
5 . Jevel o sigruhcante.
eeiven, A:6 . 17,
n=9
B:
2.

lels ake the hypothesis Mo: o, ,

2 Ho lcrnle
Calculahon dable.
A
2
(x-T4) (a-a)
- 14 |4 -19 361
43 I69 289
25 -5 25 24
25
26, -4
t6 28
32
32 2 2,
35 I6
|6
34 31
64 9
38 42
43 |44
|2
42 |2 |4
2
2x-27O -a)=|298
= 134
363 33
270
n, 9

2 2

h
734 31-75
S=I298 1298 |29.8

f= 129.8 =,4I47 ((atcalodea value)

91-75

fo.os T 3.35 ( Tabuwated vue)

Calcaleded fvlue Smalea than tabulated f vaue
So null hypotheais cuuepted.
Hence , we Ccun Say that tu0o popuhons haue Same vanante
Sample t 9 obser vatons, the Sum ot Squarecd
devicton ot tems trom the mean cwas 64. In another
Sample ct il chservations. the value coas tound to be &.
Test she they he dittecnce is Siqukcant at s. devel
e&iven data
u-7)=64 [sum ot th Square devitien

le4's 4ake the hpotheis that vanance Athe tuwo Samples

are not Siqhi tic ant.
Ho : G , 2 Ha -
2

S s'= 2o-}
Sa 64
9-1 8
s= 8 &&

(callalatedflue)

f.os n.lley Ihan he lehdaled r vadhc

 n the Vanance
o aueptc,Hence, thM cttetnce
So, st devel ot signuticanec
t two Samples
qroup ot Students awn fun
5 In thu test given to two
were as o|lou
too nomal. populahon, thu mark .obtcu ned
A 20 36 So 49 36 34 49 4l
29 28 26 35 30 46

Examine at S). devel ot Signiiccne, Whether too populiorry

have the Same

eeíven 86 n=g
20 S6
46 n =
26 3S 30
29 28

letls tuke the hypsths Mo

Calculction table.
lep A
(Xe-YB)
36| 29 25
-19 -6 36
2 &9 2&
20 64
26 t1
36 |69
13
|44 30
12 loo
I2
36
34 144

SkA-XA)2
2XA =333 |134 386
XA-2 XA.= 333 = 87
238 34
 A
(4:tb) 3Ss
Faos
2F0s 3
203 P=2-
.(4-|Y)
fos=3.58 (F)= valueTabulated
64.33
alatedf Cl( 2.203 =
s test f-
2
dom tree cdeqre
c
-33 6 = 386
-x) = n
une Vai
134