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Discovery Science 24th International Conference DS 2021 Halifax NS Canada October 11 13 2021 Proceedings Lecture Notes in Computer Science Carlos Soares (Editor) instant download

The document details the proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Discovery Science (DS 2021), held virtually from October 11-13, 2021, due to COVID-19 restrictions. It includes selected papers that cover advancements in machine learning, data mining, and intelligent data analysis, with a focus on various applications including those related to the pandemic. The conference received 76 submissions, resulting in 15 regular and 21 short papers being accepted for presentation and publication.

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100% found this document useful (1 vote)
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Discovery Science 24th International Conference DS 2021 Halifax NS Canada October 11 13 2021 Proceedings Lecture Notes in Computer Science Carlos Soares (Editor) instant download

The document details the proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Discovery Science (DS 2021), held virtually from October 11-13, 2021, due to COVID-19 restrictions. It includes selected papers that cover advancements in machine learning, data mining, and intelligent data analysis, with a focus on various applications including those related to the pandemic. The conference received 76 submissions, resulting in 15 regular and 21 short papers being accepted for presentation and publication.

Uploaded by

kinyunaples
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Carlos Soares
Luis Torgo (Eds.)
LNAI 12986

Discovery Science
24th International Conference, DS 2021
Halifax, NS, Canada, October 11–13, 2021
Proceedings

123
Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 12986

Subseries of Lecture Notes in Computer Science

Series Editors
Randy Goebel
University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
Yuzuru Tanaka
Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
Wolfgang Wahlster
DFKI and Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany

Founding Editor
Jörg Siekmann
DFKI and Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
More information about this subseries at http://www.springer.com/series/1244
Carlos Soares · Luis Torgo (Eds.)

Discovery Science
24th International Conference, DS 2021
Halifax, NS, Canada, October 11–13, 2021
Proceedings
Editors
Carlos Soares Luis Torgo
Universidade do Porto and Fraunhofer Dalhousie University
Portugal AICOS Halifax, NS, Canada
Porto, Portugal

ISSN 0302-9743 ISSN 1611-3349 (electronic)


Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence
ISBN 978-3-030-88941-8 ISBN 978-3-030-88942-5 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88942-5
LNCS Sublibrary: SL7 – Artificial Intelligence

© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021


This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the
material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation,
broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information
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The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication
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Preface

This volume contains the papers selected for presentation at the 24th International
Conference on Discovery Science (DS 2021), which was organized to be held in
Halifax, Canada, during October 11–13, 2021. Due to the restrictions associated with
the COVID-19 pandemic, the conference was moved online and held virtually over the
same time period.
DS is a conference series that started in 1986. Held every year, DS continues its
tradition as the unique venue for the latest advances in the development and analysis
of methods for discovering scientific knowledge, coming from machine learning, data
mining, and intelligent data analysis, along with their application in various scientific
domains. In particular, major areas selected for DS 2021 included the folllowing: appli-
cations (including a relevant number of papers addressing the COVID-19 pandemic),
classification, data streams, feature selection, graph and network mining, neural net-
works and deep learning, preferences, recommender systems, representation learning,
responsible artificial intelligence, and spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal data.
DS 2021 received 76 international submissions that were carefully reviewed by three
or more Program Committee (PC) members or external reviewers, with a few exceptions.
After a rigorous reviewing process, 15 regular papers and 21 short papers were accepted
for presentation at the conference and publication in the DS 2021 volume.
We would like to sincerely thank all people who helped this volume come into being
and made DS 2021 a successful and exciting event. In particular, we would like to express
our appreciation for the work of the DS 2021 PC members and external reviewers who
helped assure the high standard of accepted papers. We would like to thank all authors
of submissions to DS 2021, without whose work it would not have been possible to have
such high-quality contributions in the conference.
We are grateful to the Steering Committee chair, Sašo Džeroski, for his extraordinary
support in critical decisions concerning the event plan, particularly important in these
challenging times. We are also very grateful to the Program Committee chairs of DS
2020, Annalisa Appice and Grigorios Tsoumakas, for all the information provided, which
made the whole organization much easier. We wish to express our thanks to the local
organization chairs, David Langstroth, Nuno Moniz, Paula Branco, Vitor Cerqueira, and
Yassine Baghoussi, for their support and incredible work. We would like to express
our deepest gratitude to all those who served as organizers, session chairs, and hosts,
who made great efforts to meet the online challenge to make the virtual conference
a real success. Finally, our thanks are due to Alfred Hofmann and Anna Kramer of
Springer for their continuous support and work on the proceedings. We are grateful
to Springer for a special issue on Discovery Science to be published in the Machine
Learning journal. All authors were given the possibility to extend and rework versions
of their papers presented at DS 2021 for a chance to be published in this prestigious
journal. For DS 2021, Springer also supported a Best Student Paper Award, which was
given to Bart Bussmann and his co-authors, Jannes Nys and Steven Latré, for their paper
“Neural Additive Vector Autoregression Models for Causal Discovery in Time Series.”
vi Preface

This paper presents high quality work on a very relevant topic and is complemented
with the materials to reproduce it. We would like to congratulate the authors for this
achievement.

September 2021 Carlos Soares


Luis Torgo
Organization

Program Committee Chairs


Carlos Soares Universidade do Porto and Fraunhofer Portugal AICOS,
Portugal
Luis Torgo Dalhousie University, Canada

Program Committee

Martin Atzmueller Tilburg University, The Netherlands


Colin Bellinger National Research Council of Canada, Canada
Paula Branco Ottawa University, Canada
Alberto Cano Virginia Commonwealth University, USA
Daniel Castro Silva University of Porto, Portugal
Michelangelo Ceci University of Bari Aldo Moro, Italy
Victor Cerqueira Dalhousie University, Canada
Bruno Cremilleux University of Caen Normandy, France
Nicola Di Mauro University of Bari Aldo Moro, Italy
Ivica Dimitrovski Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, North
Macedonia
Wouter Duivesteijn Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands
Sašo Džeroski Jožef Stefan Institute, Slovenia
Johannes Fürnkranz Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria
Mohamed Gaber Birmingham City University, UK
Dragan Gamberger Rudjer Bošković Institute, Croatia
Manco Giuseppe Italian National Research Council, Italy
Kouichi Hirata Kyushu Institute of Technology, Japan
Dino Ienco Irstea, France
Nathalie Japkowicz American University, USA
Stefan Kramer Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
Vincenzo Lagani Ilia State University, Georgia
Pedro Larranaga University of Madrid, Spain
Nada Lavrač Jožef Stefan Institute, Slovenia
Tomislav Lipic Rudjer Bošković Institute, Croatia
Gjorgji Madjarov Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, North
Macedonia
Rafael Gomes Mantovani Federal University of Technology – Paraná, Brazil
Elio Masciari Institute for High Performance Computing and
Networking, Italy
Nuno Moniz University of Porto, Portugal
Anna Monreale University of Pisa, Italy
viii Organization

Catarina Oliveira Portucalense University, Portugal


Sageev Oore Dalhousie University and Vector Institute, Canada
Rita P. Ribeiro University of Porto, Portugal
George Papakostas International Hellenic University, Greece
Ruggero G. Pensa University of Turin, Italy
Pedro Pereira Rodrigues University of Porto, Portugal
Bernhard Pfahringer University of Waikato, New Zealand
Gianvito Pio University of Bari Aldo Moro, Italy
Pascal Poncelet LIRMM Montpellier, France
Jan Ramon Inria, France
André L. D. Rossi Universidade Estadual Paulista, Brazil
Kazumi Saito University of Shizuoka, Japan
Tomislav Smuc Rudjer Bošković Institute, Croatia
Marina Sokolova University of Ottawa and Dalhousie University, Canada
Jerzy Stefanowski Poznan University of Technology, Poland
Luis Filipe Teixeira University of Porto, Portugal
Herna Viktor University of Ottawa, Canada
Baghoussi Yassine University of Porto, Portugal
Albrecht Zimmermann University of Caen Normandy, France

Additional Reviewers

Ana Mestrovic João Alves


Daniela Santos Leonardo Ferreira
Emanuel Guberovic Miha Keber
Fabrizio Lo Scudo Narjes Davari
Francesca Pratesi
Nima Dehmamy
Francesco S. Pisani
Francesco Spinnato Nunziato Cassavia
Isabel Rio-Torto Paolo Mignone
Ivan Grubisic Rafaela Leal
João Almeida Roberto Interdonato
Contents

Applications

Automated Grading of Exam Responses: An Extensive Classification


Benchmark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Jimmy Ljungman, Vanessa Lislevand, John Pavlopoulos,
Alexandra Farazouli, Zed Lee, Panagiotis Papapetrou, and Uno Fors

Automatic Human-Like Detection of Code Smells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19


Chitsutha Soomlek, Jan N. van Rijn, and Marcello M. Bonsangue

HTML-LSTM: Information Extraction from HTML Tables in Web Pages


Using Tree-Structured LSTM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Kazuki Kawamura and Akihiro Yamamoto

Predicting Reach to Find Persuadable Customers: Improving Uplift


Models for Churn Prevention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Théo Verhelst, Jeevan Shrestha, Denis Mercier,
Jean-Christophe Dewitte, and Gianluca Bontempi

Classification

A Semi-supervised Framework for Misinformation Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57


Yueyang Liu, Zois Boukouvalas, and Nathalie Japkowicz

An Analysis of Performance Metrics for Imbalanced Classification . . . . . . . . . . . 67


Jean-Gabriel Gaudreault, Paula Branco, and João Gama

Combining Predictions Under Uncertainty: The Case of Random Decision


Trees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Florian Busch, Moritz Kulessa, Eneldo Loza Mencía, and Hendrik Blockeel

Shapley-Value Data Valuation for Semi-supervised Learning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94


Christie Courtnage and Evgueni Smirnov

Data Streams

A Network Intrusion Detection System for Concept Drifting Network


Traffic Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Giuseppina Andresini, Annalisa Appice, Corrado Loglisci,
Vincenzo Belvedere, Domenico Redavid, and Donato Malerba
x Contents

Incremental k-Nearest Neighbors Using Reservoir Sampling for Data


Streams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Maroua Bahri and Albert Bifet

Statistical Analysis of Pairwise Connectivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138


Georg Krempl, Daniel Kottke, and Tuan Pham

Graph and Network Mining

FHA: Fast Heuristic Attack Against Graph Convolutional Networks . . . . . . . . . . 151


Haoxi Zhan and Xiaobing Pei

Ranking Structured Objects with Graph Neural Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166


Clemens Damke and Eyke Hüllermeier

Machine Learning for COVID-19

Knowledge Discovery of the Delays Experienced in Reporting COVID-19


Confirmed Positive Cases Using Time to Event Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Aleksandar Novakovic, Adele H. Marshall, and Carolyn McGregor

Multi-scale Sentiment Analysis of Location-Enriched COVID-19 Arabic


Social Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
Tarek Elsaka, Imad Afyouni, Ibrahim Abaker Targio Hashem,
and Zaher AL-Aghbari

Prioritization of COVID-19-Related Literature via Unsupervised


Keyphrase Extraction and Document Representation Learning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Blaž Škrlj, Marko Jukič, Nika Eržen, Senja Pollak, and Nada Lavrač

Sentiment Nowcasting During the COVID-19 Pandemic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218


Ioanna Miliou, John Pavlopoulos, and Panagiotis Papapetrou

Neural Networks and Deep Learning

A Sentence-Level Hierarchical BERT Model for Document Classification


with Limited Labelled Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
Jinghui Lu, Maeve Henchion, Ivan Bacher, and Brian Mac Namee

Calibrated Resampling for Imbalanced and Long-Tails in Deep Learning . . . . . . 242


Colin Bellinger, Roberto Corizzo, and Nathalie Japkowicz

Consensus Based Vertically Partitioned Multi-layer Perceptrons for Edge


Computing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
Haimonti Dutta, Saurabh Amarnath Mahindre, and Nitin Nataraj
Contents xi

Controlling BigGAN Image Generation with a Segmentation Network . . . . . . . . 268


Aman Jaiswal, Harpreet Singh Sodhi, Mohamed Muzamil H,
Rajveen Singh Chandhok, Sageev Oore, and Chandramouli Shama Sastry

GANs for Tabular Healthcare Data Generation: A Review on Utility


and Privacy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
João Coutinho-Almeida, Pedro Pereira Rodrigues,
and Ricardo João Cruz-Correia

Preferences and Recommender Systems

An Ensemble Hypergraph Learning Framework for Recommendation . . . . . . . . . 295


Alireza Gharahighehi, Celine Vens, and Konstantinos Pliakos

KATRec: Knowledge Aware aTtentive Sequential Recommendations . . . . . . . . . 305


Mehrnaz Amjadi, Seyed Danial Mohseni Taheri, and Theja Tulabandhula

Representation Learning and Feature Selection

Elliptical Ordinal Embedding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323


Aïssatou Diallo and Johannes Fürnkranz

Unsupervised Feature Ranking via Attribute Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334


Urh Primožič, Blaž Škrlj, Sašo Džeroski, and Matej Petković

Responsible Artificial Intelligence

Deriving a Single Interpretable Model by Merging Tree-Based Classifiers . . . . . 347


Valerio Bonsignori, Riccardo Guidotti, and Anna Monreale

Ensemble of Counterfactual Explainers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358


Riccardo Guidotti and Salvatore Ruggieri

Learning Time Series Counterfactuals via Latent Space Representations . . . . . . . 369


Zhendong Wang, Isak Samsten, Rami Mochaourab,
and Panagiotis Papapetrou

Leveraging Grad-CAM to Improve the Accuracy of Network Intrusion


Detection Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385
Francesco Paolo Caforio, Giuseppina Andresini, Gennaro Vessio,
Annalisa Appice, and Donato Malerba

Local Interpretable Classifier Explanations with Self-generated Semantic


Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401
Fabrizio Angiulli, Fabio Fassetti, and Simona Nisticò
xii Contents

Privacy Risk Assessment of Individual Psychometric Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411


Giacomo Mariani, Anna Monreale, and Francesca Naretto

The Case for Latent Variable Vs Deep Learning Methods in Misinformation


Detection: An Application to COVID-19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422
Caitlin Moroney, Evan Crothers, Sudip Mittal, Anupam Joshi,
Tülay Adalı, Christine Mallinson, Nathalie Japkowicz,
and Zois Boukouvalas

Spatial, Temporal and Spatiotemporal Data

Local Exceptionality Detection in Time Series Using Subgroup Discovery:


An Approach Exemplified on Team Interaction Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435
Dan Hudson, Travis J. Wiltshire, and Martin Atzmueller

Neural Additive Vector Autoregression Models for Causal Discovery


in Time Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446
Bart Bussmann, Jannes Nys, and Steven Latré

Spatially-Aware Autoencoders for Detecting Contextual Anomalies


in Geo-Distributed Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461
Roberto Corizzo, Michelangelo Ceci, Gianvito Pio, Paolo Mignone,
and Nathalie Japkowicz

Author Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473


Applications
Automated Grading of Exam Responses:
An Extensive Classification Benchmark

Jimmy Ljungman(B) , Vanessa Lislevand, John Pavlopoulos,


Alexandra Farazouli, Zed Lee, Panagiotis Papapetrou, and Uno Fors

Department of Computer and Systems Sciences,


Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
{jimmy.ljungman,lislevand,ioannis,alexandra.farazouli,zed.lee,
panagiotis,uno}@dsv.su.se

Abstract. Automated grading of free-text exam responses is a very


challenging task due to the complex nature of the problem, such as lack
of training data and biased ground-truth of the graders. In this paper, we
focus on the automated grading of free-text responses. We formulate the
problem as a binary classification problem of two class labels: low- and
high-grade. We present a benchmark on four machine learning meth-
ods using three experiment protocols on two real-world datasets, one
from Cyber-crime exams in Arabic and one from Data Mining exams in
English that is presented first time in this work. By providing various
metrics for binary classification and answer ranking, we illustrate the
benefits and drawbacks of the benchmarked methods. Our results sug-
gest that standard models with individual word representations can in
some cases achieve competitive predictive performance against deep neu-
ral language models using context-based representations on both binary
classification and answer ranking for free-text response grading tasks.
Lastly, we discuss the pedagogical implications of our findings by iden-
tifying potential pitfalls and challenges when building predictive models
for such tasks.

Keywords: Automated grading · Answer grading · Natural language


processing · Machine learning

1 Introduction
The assessment of students’ knowledge and understanding in academic courses
plays a crucial role in effective teaching and usually takes place in the form
of distance or on-the-spot formal examinations. Exams are typically composed
of different types of questions, such as multiple-choice, true/false, and free-text
questions. Free-text questions, in particular, have benefits in terms of students’
learning as students are required to recall external knowledge, and freely and
concisely elaborate on a subject [14].

Supported by the AutoGrade project of Stockholm University.


c Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
C. Soares and L. Torgo (Eds.): DS 2021, LNAI 12986, pp. 3–18, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88942-5_1
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鞭斷折九馬死, 骨肉不待同馳驅。 腰下寶玦青珊瑚, 可憐王孫泣路
隅。 問之不肯道姓名, 但道困苦乞為奴。 已經百日竄荊棘, 身上無
有完肌膚。 高帝子孫盡龍準, 龍種自與常人殊。 豺狼在邑龍在野,
王孫善保千金軀。 不敢長語臨交衢, 且為王孫立斯須。 昨夜東風吹
血腥, 東來橐駝滿舊都。 朔方健兒好身手,

昔何勇銳今何愚? 竊聞天子已傳位, 聖德北服南單于。 花門剺面


請雪恥, 慎勿出口他人狙。 哀哉王孫慎勿疏, 五陵佳氣無時無。
090 經魯祭孔子而歎之 作者:唐玄宗 夫子何為者? 栖栖一代中。 地
猶鄹氏邑, 宅即魯王宮。 歎鳳嗟身否, 傷麟怨道窮。 今看兩楹奠,
當與夢時同。 091 望月懷遠 作者:張九齡 海上生明月, 天涯共此
時。 情人怨遙夜, 竟夕起相思。 滅燭憐光滿, 披衣覺露滋。 不堪
盈手贈,

還寢夢佳期。 092 送杜少府之任蜀川 作者:王勃 城闕輔三秦, 風


煙望五津。 與君離別意, 同是宦遊人。 海內存知己, 天涯若比鄰。
無為在歧路, 兒女共沾巾。 093 在獄詠蟬 作者:駱賓王 西陸蟬聲
唱, 南冠客思深。 不堪玄鬢影, 來對白頭吟。 露重飛難進, 風多
響易沉。 無人信高潔, 誰為表予心? 094 和晉陵陸丞相早春遊望 作
者:杜審言 獨有宦遊人, 偏驚物候新。 雲霞出海曙, 梅柳渡江春。
淑氣催黃鳥, 晴光轉綠蘋。 忽聞歌古調, 歸思欲霑巾。 095 雜詩 作
者:沈佺期 聞道黃龍戍, 頻年不解兵。 可憐閨裡月, 長在漢家營。
少婦今春意, 良人昨夜情。 誰能將旗鼓, 一為取龍城? 096 題大庾
嶺北驛 作者:宋之問 陽月南飛雁, 傳聞至此回。 我行殊未已, 何
日復歸來? 江靜潮初落, 林昏瘴不開。 明朝望鄉處, 應見隴頭梅。
097 次北固山下 作者:王灣 客路青山外, 行舟綠水前。 潮平兩岸
闊, 風正一帆懸。 海日生殘夜, 江春入舊年。 鄉書何處達? 歸雁
洛陽邊。 098 題破山寺後禪院 作者:常建 清晨入古寺, 初日照高
林。 曲徑通幽處, 禪房花木深。 山光悅鳥性, 潭影空人心。 萬籟
此俱寂, 惟餘鐘磬音。 099 寄左省杜拾遺 作者:岑參 聯步趨丹陛,
分曹限紫薇。 曉隨天仗入, 暮惹御香歸。 白髮悲花落, 青雲羨鳥
飛。 聖朝無闕事, 自覺諫書稀。 100 贈孟浩然 作者:李白 吾愛孟夫
子, 風流天下聞。 紅顏棄軒冕, 白首臥松雲。 醉月頻中聖, 迷花
不事君。 高山安可仰? 徒此挹清芬。 101 渡荊門送別 作者:李白 渡
遠荊門外, 來從楚國遊。 山隨平野盡, 江入大荒流。 月下飛天鏡,
雲生結海樓。 仍憐故鄉水, 萬里送行舟。 102 送友人 作者:李白 青
山橫北郭, 白水遶東城。 此地一為別, 孤蓬萬里征。 浮雲游子意,
落日故人情。 揮手自茲去, 蕭蕭班馬鳴。 103 聽蜀僧濬彈琴 作者:
李白 蜀僧抱綠綺, 西下峨眉峰。 為我一揮手, 如聽萬壑松。 客心
洗流水, 餘響入霜鐘。 不覺碧山暮, 秋雲暗幾重? 104 夜泊牛渚懷
古 作者:李白 牛渚西江夜, 青天無片雲。 登舟望秋月, 空憶謝將
軍。 余亦能高詠, 斯人不可聞。 明朝挂帆去, 楓葉落紛紛。 105 月
夜 作者:杜甫 今夜鄜州月, 閨中只獨看。 遙憐小兒女, 未解憶長
安。 香霧雲鬟濕, 清輝玉臂寒。 何時倚虛幌, 雙照淚痕乾。 106 春
望 作者:杜甫 國破山河在, 城春草木深。 感時花濺淚, 恨別鳥驚
心。 烽火連三月, 家書抵萬金。 白頭搔更短, 渾欲不勝簪。 107 春
宿左省 作者:杜甫 花隱掖垣暮, 啾啾棲鳥過。 星臨萬戶動, 月傍
九霄多。 不寢聽金鑰, 因風想玉珂。 明朝有封事, 數問夜如何?
108 至德二載甫自京金光門出,問道歸鳳翔。乾元初從左 拾遺移華州
掾。與親故別, 因出此門。有悲往事。 作者:杜甫 此道昔歸順, 西
郊胡正繁。 至今殘破膽, 應有未招魂。 近侍歸京邑, 移官豈至尊?
無才日衰老, 駐馬望千門。 109 月夜憶舍弟 作者:杜甫 戍鼓斷人
行, 秋邊一雁聲。 露從今夜白, 月是故鄉明。 有弟皆分散, 無家
問死生。 寄書長不達, 況乃未休兵。 110 天末懷李白 作者:杜甫 涼
風起天末, 君子意如何? 鴻雁幾時到? 江湖秋水多。 文章憎命達,
魑魅喜人過。 應共冤魂語, 投詩贈汨羅。 111 奉濟驛重送嚴公四韻
作者:杜甫 遠送從此別, 青山空復情。 幾時杯重把? 昨夜月同行。
列郡謳歌惜, 三朝出入榮。 將村獨歸處, 寂寞養殘生。 112 別房太
尉墓 作者:杜甫 他鄉復行役, 駐馬別孤墳; 近淚無乾土, 低空有
斷雲。 對棋陪謝傅, 把劍覓徐君。 唯見林花落, 鶯啼送客聞。 113
旅夜書懷 作者:杜甫 細草微風岸, 危檣獨夜舟。 星垂平野闊, 月
湧大江流。 名豈文章著, 官應老病休。 飄飄何所似, 天地一沙鷗。
114 登岳陽樓 作者:杜甫 昔聞洞庭水, 今上岳陽樓。 吳楚東南坼,
乾坤日夜浮。 親朋無一字, 老病有孤舟。 戎馬關山北, 憑軒涕泗
流。 115 輞川閑居贈裴秀才迪 作者:王維 寒山轉蒼翠, 秋水日潺
湲。 倚杖柴門外, 臨風聽暮蟬。 渡頭餘落日, 墟里上孤煙。 復值
接輿醉, 狂歌五柳前。 116 山居秋暝 作者:王維 空山新雨後, 天氣
晚來秋。 明月松間照, 清泉石上流。 竹喧歸浣女, 蓮動下漁舟。
隨意春芳歇, 王孫自可留。 117 歸嵩山作 作者:王維 清川帶長薄,
車馬去閒閒。 流水如有意, 暮禽相與還。 荒城臨古渡, 落日滿秋
山。 迢遞嵩高下, 歸來且閉關。 118 終南山 作者:王維 太乙近天
都, 連山接海隅。 白雲迴望合, 青靄入看無。 分野中峰變, 陰晴
眾壑殊。 欲投人處宿, 隔水問樵夫。 119 酬張少府 作者:王維 晚年
惟好靜, 萬事不關心。 自顧無長策, 空知返舊林。 松風吹解帶,
山月照彈琴。 君問窮通理, 漁歌入浦深。 120 過香積寺 作者:王維
不知香積寺, 數里入雲峰。 古木無人徑, 深山何處鐘? 泉聲咽危
石, 日色冷青松。 薄暮空潭曲, 安禪制毒龍。 121 送梓州李使君 作
者:王維 萬壑樹參天, 千山響杜鵑。 山中一夜雨, 樹杪百重泉。
漢女輸橦布, 巴人訟芋田。 文翁翻教授, 不敢倚先賢。 122 漢江臨
眺 作者:王維 楚塞三湘接, 荊門九派通。 江流天地外, 山色有無
中。 郡邑浮前浦, 波瀾動遠空。 襄陽好風日, 留醉與山翁。 123 終
南別業 作者:王維 中歲頗好道, 晚家南山陲。 興來美獨往, 勝事
空自知。 行到水窮處, 坐看雲起時。 偶然值林叟, 談笑無還期。
124 臨洞庭上張丞相 作者:孟浩然 八月湖水平, 涵虛混太清。 氣蒸
雲夢澤, 波撼岳陽城。 欲濟無舟楫, 端居恥聖明。 坐觀垂釣者,
空有羨魚情。 125 與諸子登峴山 作者:孟浩然 人事有代謝, 往來成
古今。 江山留勝跡, 我輩復登臨。 水落魚梁淺, 天寒夢澤深。 羊
公碑字在, 讀罷淚沾襟。 126 宴梅道士山房 作者:孟浩然 林臥愁春
盡, 開軒覽物華。 忽逢青鳥使, 邀入赤松家, 丹灶初開火, 仙桃
正發花。 童顏若可駐, 何惜醉流霞? 127 歲暮歸南山 作者:孟浩然
北闕休上書, 南山歸敝廬。 不才明主棄, 多病故人疏。 白髮催年
老, 青陽逼歲除。 永懷愁不寐, 松月夜窗虛。 128 過故人莊 作者:
孟浩然 故人具雞黍, 邀我至田家。 綠樹村邊合, 青山郭外斜。 開
軒面場圃, 把酒話桑麻。 待到重陽日, 還來就菊花。 129 秦中寄遠
上人 作者:孟浩然 一丘嘗欲臥, 三徑苦無資。 北土非吾願, 東林
懷我師。 黃金燃桂盡, 壯志逐年衰。 日夕涼風至, 聞蟬但益悲。
130 宿桐廬江寄廣陵舊遊 作者:孟浩然 山暝聽猿愁, 滄江急夜流。
風鳴兩岸葉, 月照一孤舟。 建德非吾土, 維揚憶舊遊。 還將兩行
淚, 遙寄海西頭。 131 留別王維 作者:孟浩然 寂寂竟何待? 朝朝空
自歸。 欲尋芳草去, 惜與故人違。 當路誰相假? 知音世所稀。 祗
應守寂寞, 還掩故園扉。 132 早寒有懷 作者:孟浩然 木落雁南渡,
北風江上寒。 我家襄水曲, 遙隔楚雲端。 鄉淚客中盡, 孤帆天際
看。 迷津欲有問, 平海夕漫漫。 133 秋日登吳公臺上寺遠眺 作者:
劉長卿 古臺搖落後, 秋日望鄉心。 野寺人來少, 雲峰隔水深。 夕
陽依舊壘, 寒磬滿空林。 惆悵南朝事, 長江獨至今。 134 送李中丞
歸漢陽別業 作者:劉長卿 流落征南將, 曾驅十萬師。 罷官無舊業,
老去戀明時。 獨立三邊靜, 輕生一劍知。 茫茫江漢上, 日暮欲何
之? 135 餞別王十一南遊 作者:劉長卿 望君煙水闊, 揮手淚霑巾。
飛鳥沒何處, 青山空向人。 長江一帆遠, 落日五湖春。 誰見汀洲
上, 相思愁白蘋? 136 尋南溪常道士 作者:劉長卿 一路經行處, 莓
苔見屐痕。 白雲依靜渚, 春草閉閑門。 過雨看松色, 隨山到水源。
溪花與禪意, 相對亦忘言。 137 新年作 作者:劉長卿 鄉心新歲切,
天畔獨潸然。 老至居人下, 春歸在客先。 嶺猿同旦暮, 江柳共風
煙。 已似長沙傅, 從今又幾年? 138 送僧歸日本 作者:錢起 上國隨
緣住, 來途若夢行。 浮天滄海遠, 去世法舟輕。 水月通禪寂, 魚
龍聽梵聲。 惟憐一燈影, 萬里眼中明。 139 谷口書齋寄楊補闕 作
者:錢起 泉壑帶茅茨, 雲霞生薜帷。 竹憐新雨後, 山愛夕陽時。
閒鷺栖常早, 秋花落更遲。 家僮掃蘿徑, 昨與故人期。 140 淮上喜
會梁川故人 作者:韋應物 江漢曾為客, 相逢每醉還。 浮雲一別後,
流水十年間。 歡笑情如舊, 蕭疏鬢已斑。 何因不歸去? 淮上對秋
山。 141 賦得暮雨送李曹 作者:韋應物 楚江微雨裡, 建業暮鐘時。
漠漠帆來重, 冥冥鳥去遲。 海門深不見, 浦樹遠含滋。 相送情無
限, 沾襟比散絲。 142 酬程近即事見贈 作者:韓翃 長簟迎風早, 空
城澹月華。 星河秋一雁, 砧杵夜千家。 節候看應晚, 心期臥亦賒。
向來吟秀句, 不覺已鳴鴉。 143 闕題 作者:劉春虛 道由白雲盡, 春
與青溪長。 時有落花至, 遠隨流水香。 閑門向山路, 深柳讀書堂。
幽映每白日, 清輝照衣裳。 144 江鄉故人偶集客舍 作者:戴叔倫 天
秋月又滿, 城闕夜千重。 還作江南會, 翻疑夢裡逢。 風枝驚暗鵲,
露草覆寒蟲。 羈旅長堪醉, 相留畏曉鐘。 145 送李端 作者:盧綸 故
關衰草遍, 離別正堪悲。 路出寒雲外, 人歸暮雪時。 少孤為客早,
多難識君遲。 掩泣空相向, 風塵何所期? 146 喜見外弟又言別 作
者:李益 十年離亂後, 長大一相逢。 問姓驚初見, 稱名憶舊容。
別來滄海事, 語罷暮天鐘。 明日巴陵道, 秋山又幾重? 147 雲陽館
與韓紳宿別 作者:司空曙 故人江海別, 幾度隔山川。 乍見翻疑夢,
相悲各問年。 孤燈寒照雨, 深竹暗浮煙。 更有明朝恨, 離杯惜共
傳。 148 喜外弟盧綸見宿 作者:司空曙 靜夜四無鄰, 荒居舊業貧。
雨中黃葉樹, 燈下白頭人。 以我獨沉久, 愧君相訪頻。 平生自有
分, 況是霍家親。 149 賊平後送人北歸 作者:司空曙 世亂同南去,
時清獨北還。 他鄉生白髮, 舊國見青山。 曉月過殘壘, 繁星宿故
關。 寒禽與衰草, 處處伴愁顏。 150 蜀先主廟 作者:劉禹錫 天地英
雄氣, 千秋尚凜然。 勢分三足鼎, 業復五銖錢。 得相能開國, 生
兒不象賢。 淒涼蜀故妓, 來舞魏宮前。 151 沒蕃故人 作者:張籍 前
年戍月支, 城下沒全師。 蕃漢斷消息, 死生長別離。 無人收廢帳,
歸馬識殘旗。 欲祭疑君在, 天涯哭此時。 152 草 作者:白居易 離離
原上草, 一歲一枯榮。 野火燒不盡, 春風吹又生。 遠芳侵古道,
晴翠接荒城。 又送王孫去, 萋萋滿別情。 153 旅宿 作者:杜牧 旅館
無良伴, 凝情自悄然。 寒燈思舊事, 斷雁警愁眠。 遠夢歸侵曉,
家書到隔年。 滄江好煙月, 門繫釣魚船。 154 秋日赴闕題潼關驛樓
作者:許渾 紅葉晚蕭蕭, 長亭酒一瓢。 殘雲歸太華, 疏雨過中條。
樹色隨關迥, 河聲入海遙。 帝鄉明日到, 猶自夢漁樵。 155 早秋 作
者:許渾 遙夜汎清瑟, 西風生翠蘿。 殘螢栖玉露, 早雁拂銀河。
高樹曉還密, 遠山晴更多。 淮南一葉下, 自覺老煙波。 156 蟬 作
者:李商隱 本以高難飽, 徒勞恨費聲。 五更疏欲斷, 一樹碧無情。
薄宦梗猶汎, 故園蕪已平。 煩君最相警, 我亦舉家清。 157 風雨 作
者:李商隱 淒涼寶劍篇, 羈泊欲窮年。 黃葉仍風雨, 青樓自管絃。
新知遭薄俗, 舊好隔良緣。 心斷新豐酒, 銷愁斗幾千。 158 落花 作
者:李商隱 高閣客竟去, 小園花亂飛。 參差連曲陌, 迢遞送斜暉。
腸斷未忍掃, 眼穿仍欲歸。 芳心向春盡, 所得是沾衣。 159 涼思 作
者:李商隱 客去波平檻, 蟬休露滿枝。 永懷當此節, 倚立自移時。
北斗兼春遠, 南陵寓使遲。 天涯占夢數, 疑誤有新知。 160 北青蘿
作者:李商隱 殘陽西入崦, 茅屋訪孤僧。 落葉人何在, 寒雲路幾
層。 獨敲初夜磬, 閑倚一枝藤。 世界微塵裡, 吾寧愛與憎? 161 送
人東遊 作者:溫庭筠 荒戍落黃葉, 浩然離故關。 高風漢陽渡, 初
日郢門山。 江上幾人在, 天涯孤棹還。 何當重相見? 樽酒慰離顏。
162 灞上秋居 作者:馬戴 灞原風雨定, 晚見雁行頻。 落葉他鄉樹,
寒燈獨夜人。 空園白露滴, 孤壁野僧鄰。 寄臥郊扉久, 何年致此
身? 163 楚江懷古 作者:馬戴 露氣寒光集, 微陽下楚丘。 猿啼洞庭
樹, 人在木蘭舟。 廣澤生明月, 蒼山夾亂流。 雲中君不見, 竟夕
自悲秋。 164 書邊事 作者:張喬 調角斷清秋, 征人倚戍樓。 春風對
青塚, 白日落梁州。 大漠無兵阻, 窮邊有客遊。 蕃情似此水, 長
願向南流。 165 除夜有懷 作者:崔塗 迢遞三巴路, 羈危萬里身。 亂
山殘雪夜, 孤獨異鄉人。 漸與骨肉遠, 轉於僮僕親。 那堪正飄泊,
明日歲華新。 166 孤雁 作者:崔塗 幾行歸塞盡, 片影獨何之? 暮雨
相呼失, 寒塘欲下遲。 渚雲低暗渡, 關月冷相隨。 未必逢矰繳,
孤飛自可疑。 167 春宮怨 作者:杜荀鶴 早被嬋娟誤, 欲妝臨鏡慵。
承恩不在貌, 教妾若為容? 風暖鳥聲碎, 日高花影重。 年年越溪
女, 相憶採芙蓉。 168 章臺夜思 作者:韋莊 清瑟怨遙夜, 繞絃風雨
哀。 孤燈聞楚角, 殘月下章臺。 芳草已云暮, 故人殊未來。 鄉書
不可寄, 秋雁又南迴。 169 尋陸鴻漸不遇 作者:皎然 移家雖帶郭,
野徑入桑麻。 近種籬邊菊, 秋來未著花。 扣門無犬吠, 欲去問西
家。 報到山中去, 歸來每日斜。 170 黃鶴樓 作者:崔顥 昔人已乘黃
鶴去, 此地空餘黃鶴樓。 黃鶴一去不復返, 白雲千載空悠悠。 晴川
歷歷漢陽樹, 芳草萋萋鸚鵡洲。 日暮鄉關何處是? 煙波江上使人
愁。 171 行經華陰 作者:崔顥 岧嶢太華俯咸京, 天外三峰削不成,
武帝祠前雲欲散, 仙人掌上雨初晴, 河山北枕秦關險, 驛樹西連漢
畤平。 借問路傍名利客, 無如此處學長生? 172 望薊門 作者:祖詠
燕臺一去客心驚, 簫鼓喧喧漢將營。 萬里寒光生積雪, 三邊曙色動
危旌。 沙場烽火侵胡月, 海畔雲山擁薊城。 少小雖非投筆吏, 論功
還欲請長纓。 173 送魏萬之京 作者:李頎 朝聞遊子唱驪歌, 昨夜微
霜初度河。 鴻雁不堪愁裡聽, 雲山況是客中過。 關城樹色催寒近,
御苑砧聲向晚多。 莫見長安行樂處, 空令歲月易蹉跎。 174 九月登
望仙臺呈劉明府 作者:崔曙 漢文皇帝有高臺, 此日登臨曙色開。 三
晉雲山皆北向, 二陵風雨自東來。 關門令尹誰能識? 河上仙翁去不
回。 且欲竟尋彭澤宰, 陶然共醉菊花杯。 175 登金陵鳳凰臺 作者:
李白 鳳凰臺上鳳凰遊, 鳳去臺空江自流。 吳宮花草埋幽徑, 晉代衣
冠成古邱。 三山半落青山外, 二水中分白鷺洲。 總為浮雲能蔽日,
長安不見使人愁。 176 送李少府貶峽中王少府貶長沙 作者:高適 嗟
君此別意何如? 駐馬銜杯問謫居。 巫峽啼猿數行淚, 衡陽歸雁幾封
書。 青楓江上秋帆遠, 白帝城邊古木疏。 聖代即今多雨露, 暫時分
手莫躊躇。 177 和賈至舍人早朝大明宮之作 作者:岑參 雞鳴紫陌曙
光寒, 鶯囀皇州春色闌。 金闕曉鐘開萬戶, 玉階仙仗擁千官。 花迎
劍珮星初落, 柳拂旌旗露未乾。 獨有鳳凰池上客, 陽春一曲和皆
難。 178 和賈至舍人早朝大明宮之作 作者:王維 絳幘雞人送曉籌,
尚衣方進翠雲裘。 九天閶闔開宮殿, 萬國衣冠拜冕旒。 日色纔臨仙
掌動, 香煙欲傍袞龍浮。 朝罷須裁五色詔, 珮聲歸向鳳池頭。 179
奉和聖製從蓬萊向興慶閣道中留春雨中春望之作應 制 作者:王維 渭
水自縈秦塞曲, 黃山舊遶漢宮斜。 鑾輿迥出千門柳, 閣道迴看上苑
花。 雲裡帝城雙鳳闕, 雨中春樹萬人家。 為乘陽氣行時令, 不是宸
遊玩物華。 180 積雨輞川莊作 作者:王維 積雨空林煙火遲, 蒸藜炊
黍餉東菑。 漠漠水田飛白鷺, 陰陰夏木囀黃鸝。 山中習靜觀朝槿,
松下清齋折露葵。 野老與人爭席罷, 海鷗何事更相疑? 181 酬郭給
事 作者:王維 洞門高閣靄餘輝, 桃李陰陰柳絮飛。 禁裡疏鐘官舍
晚, 省中啼鳥吏人稀。 晨搖玉珮趨金殿, 夕奉天書拜瑣闈。 強欲從
君無那老, 將因臥病解朝衣。 182 蜀相 作者:杜甫 丞相祠堂何處
尋? 錦官城外柏森森。 映階碧草自春色, 隔葉黃鸝空好音。 三顧頻
煩天下計, 兩朝開濟老臣心。 出師未捷身先死, 長使英雄淚滿襟。
183 客至 作者:杜甫 舍南舍北皆春水, 但見群鷗日日來。 花徑不曾
緣客掃, 蓬門今始為君開。 盤飧市遠無兼味, 樽酒家貧只舊醅。 肯
與鄰翁相對飲, 隔籬呼取盡餘杯。 184 野望 作者:杜甫 西山白雪三
城戍, 南浦清江萬里橋。 海內風塵諸弟隔, 天涯涕淚一身遙。 唯將
遲暮供多病, 未有涓埃答聖朝。 跨馬出郊時極目, 不堪人事日蕭
條。 185 聞官軍收河南河北 作者:杜甫 劍外忽傳收薊北, 初聞涕淚
滿衣裳。 卻看妻子愁何在, 漫卷詩書喜欲狂。 白日放歌須縱酒, 青
春作伴好還鄉。 即從巴峽穿巫峽, 便下襄陽向洛陽。 186 登高 作
者:杜甫 風急天高猿嘯哀, 渚清沙白鳥飛迴。 無邊落木蕭蕭下, 不
盡長江滾滾來。 萬里悲秋常作客, 百年多病獨登臺。 艱難苦恨繁霜
鬢, 潦倒新停濁酒杯。 187 登樓 作者:杜甫 花近高樓傷客心, 萬方
多難此登臨。 錦江春色來天地, 玉壘浮雲變古今。 北極朝庭終不
改, 西山寇盜莫相侵。 可憐後主還祠廟, 日暮聊為梁父吟。 188 宿
府 作者:杜甫 清秋幕府井梧寒, 獨宿江城蠟炬殘。 永夜角聲悲自
語, 中天月色好誰看? 風塵荏苒音書絕, 關塞蕭條行路難。 已忍伶
俜十年事, 強移棲息一枝安。 189 閣夜 作者:杜甫 歲暮陰陽催短
景, 天涯霜雪霽寒霄。 五更鼓角聲悲壯, 三峽星河影動搖。 野哭千
家聞戰伐, 夷歌數處起漁樵。 臥龍躍馬終黃土, 人事音書漫寂寥。
190 詠懷古跡(五首之一) 作者:杜甫 支離東北風塵際, 漂泊西南
天地間。 三峽樓臺淹日月, 五溪衣服共雲山。 羯胡事主終無賴, 詞
客哀時且未還。 庾信平生最蕭瑟, 暮年詩賦動江關。 191 詠懷古跡
(五首之二) 作者:杜甫 搖落深知宋玉悲, 風流儒雅亦吾師。 悵望
千秋一灑淚, 蕭條異代不同時。 江山故宅空文藻, 雲雨荒臺豈夢
思? 最是楚宮俱泯滅, 舟人指點到今疑! 192 詠懷古跡(五首之
三) 作者:杜甫 群山萬壑赴荊門, 生長明妃尚有村。 一去紫臺連朔
漠, 獨留青塚向黃昏。 畫圖省識春風面, 環珮空歸月下魂。 千載琵
琶作胡語, 分明怨恨曲中論。 193 詠懷古跡(五首之四) 作者:杜
甫 蜀主征吳幸三峽, 崩年亦在永安宮。 翠華想像空山裡, 玉殿虛無
野寺中。 古廟杉松巢水鶴, 歲時伏臘走村翁。 武侯祠屋常鄰近, 一
體君臣祭祀同。 194 詠懷古跡(五首之五) 作者:杜甫 諸葛大名垂
宇宙, 宗臣遺像肅清高。 三分割據紆籌策, 萬古雲霄一羽毛。 伯仲
之間見伊呂, 指揮若定失蕭曹。 運移漢祚終難復, 志決身殲軍務
勞。 195 江州重別薛六柳八二員外 作者:劉長卿 生涯豈料承優詔?
世事空知學醉歌。 江上月明胡雁過, 淮南木落楚山多。 寄身且喜滄
洲近, 顧影無如白髮何! 今日龍鐘人共老, 媿君猶遣慎風波。 196
長沙過賈誼宅 作者:劉長卿 三年謫宦此棲遲, 萬古惟留楚客悲。 秋
草獨尋人去後, 寒林空見日斜時。 漢文有道恩猶薄, 湘水無情弔豈
知? 寂寂江山搖落處, 憐君何事到天涯? 197 自夏口至鸚鵡洲夕望
岳陽寄元中丞 作者:劉長卿 汀洲無浪復無煙, 楚客相思益渺然。 漢
口夕陽斜渡鳥, 洞庭秋水遠連天。 孤城背嶺寒吹角, 獨戍臨江夜泊
船。 賈誼上書憂漢室, 長沙謫去古今憐。 198 贈闕下裴舍人 作者:
錢起 二月黃鸝飛上林, 春城紫禁曉陰陰。 長樂鐘聲花外盡, 龍池柳
色雨中深。 陽和不散窮途恨, 霄漢長懷捧日心。 獻賦十年猶未遇,
羞將白髮對華簪。 199 寄李儋元錫 作者:韋應物 去年花裡逢君別,
今日花開又一年。 世事茫茫難自料, 春愁黯黯獨成眠。 身多疾病思
田里, 邑有流亡愧俸錢。 聞道欲來相問訊, 西樓望月幾回圓? 200
同題仙游觀 作者:韓翃 仙臺初見五城樓, 風物淒淒宿雨收。 山色遙
連秦樹晚, 砧聲近報漢宮秋。 疏松影落空壇靜, 細草香閑小洞幽。
何用別尋方外去? 人間亦自有丹丘。 201 春思 作者:皇甫冉 鶯啼燕
語報新年, 馬邑龍堆路幾千。 家住層城鄰漢苑, 心隨明月到胡天。
機中錦字論長恨, 樓上花枝笑獨眠。 為問天戎竇車騎, 何時返旆勒
燕然? 202 晚次鄂州 作者:盧綸 雲開遠見漢陽城, 猶是孤帆一日
程。 估客晝眠知浪靜, 舟人夜語覺潮生。 三湘愁鬢逢秋色, 萬里歸
心對月明。 舊業已隨征戰盡, 更堪江上鼓鼙聲! 203 登柳州城樓寄
漳汀封連四州刺史 作者:柳宗元 城上高樓接大荒, 海天愁思正茫
茫。 驚風亂颭芙蓉水, 密雨斜侵薜荔牆。 嶺樹重遮千里目, 江流曲
似九迴腸。 共來百越文身地, 猶自音書滯一鄉。 204 西塞山懷古 作
者:劉禹錫 王濬樓船下益州, 金陵王氣黯然收。 千尋鐵鎖沈江底,
一片降旛出石頭。 人世幾回傷往事, 山形依舊枕寒流。 從今四海為
家日, 故壘蕭蕭蘆荻秋。 205 遣悲懷(三首之一) 作者:元稹 謝公
最小偏憐女, 自嫁黔婁百事乖。 顧我無衣搜藎篋, 泥他沽酒拔金
釵。 野蔬充膳甘長藿, 落葉添薪仰古槐。 今日俸錢過十萬, 與君營
奠復營齋。 206 遣悲懷(三首之二) 作者:元稹 昔日戲言身後事,
今朝都到眼前來。 衣裳已施行看盡, 針線猶存未忍開。 尚想舊情憐
婢僕, 也曾因夢送錢財。 誠知此恨人人有, 貧賤夫妻百事哀。 207
遣悲懷(三首之三) 作者:元稹 閑坐悲君亦自悲, 百年都是幾多
時。 鄧攸無子尋知命, 潘岳悼亡猶費詞。 同穴窅冥何所望, 他生緣
會更難期。 惟將終夜長開眼, 報答平生未展眉。 208 自河南經亂,
關內阻饑,兄弟離散,各在一處。因望 月有感,聊書所懷, 寄上浮
梁大兄,於潛七兄,烏江十五兄,兼示符離及 下邽弟妹。 作者:白
居易 時難年荒世業空, 弟兄羈旅各西東。 田園寥落干戈後, 骨肉流
離道路中。 弔影分為千里雁, 辭根散作九秋蓬。 共看明月應垂淚,
一夜鄉心五處同。 209 錦瑟 作者:李商隱 錦瑟無端五十絃, 一絃一
柱思華年。 莊生曉夢迷蝴蝶, 望帝春心託杜鵑。 滄海月明珠有淚,
藍田日暖玉生煙。 此情可待成追憶, 只是當時已惘然。 210 無題 作
者:李商隱 昨夜星辰昨夜風, 畫樓西畔桂堂東。 身無綵鳳雙飛翼,
心有靈犀一點通。 隔座送鉤春酒暖, 分曹射覆蠟燈紅。 嗟余聽鼓應
官去, 走馬蘭臺類轉蓬。 211 隋宮 作者:李商隱 紫泉宮殿鎖煙霞,
欲取蕪城作帝家。 玉璽不緣歸日角, 錦帆應是到天涯。 於今腐草無
螢火, 終古垂楊有暮鴉。 地下若逢陳後主, 豈宜重問後庭花? 212
無題(二首之一) 作者:李商隱 來是空言去絕蹤, 月斜樓上五更
鐘。 夢為遠別啼難喚, 書被催成墨未濃。 蠟照半籠金翡翠, 麝熏微
度繡芙蓉。 劉郎已恨蓬山遠, 更隔蓬山一萬重。 213 無題(二首之
二) 作者:李商隱 颯颯東風細雨來, 芙蓉塘外有輕雷。 金蟾齧璅燒
香入, 玉虎牽絲汲井迴。 賈氏窺簾韓掾少, 宓妃留枕魏王才。 春心
莫共花爭發, 一寸相思一寸灰。 214 籌筆驛 作者:李商隱 猿鳥猶疑
畏簡書, 風雲常為護儲胥。 徒令上將揮神筆, 終見降王走傳車。 管
樂有才原不忝, 關張無命欲何如? 他年錦里經祠廟, 梁父吟成恨有
餘。 215 無題 作者:李商隱 相見時難別亦難, 東風無力百花殘。 春
蠶到死絲方盡, 蠟炬成灰淚始乾。 曉鏡但愁雲鬢改, 夜吟應覺月光
寒。 蓬萊此去無多路, 青鳥殷勤為探看。 216 春雨 作者:李商隱 悵
臥新春白袷衣, 白門寥落意多違。 紅樓隔雨相望冷, 珠箔飄燈獨自
歸。 遠路應悲春晼晚, 殘宵猶得夢依稀。 玉璫緘札何由達, 萬里雲
羅一雁飛。 217 無題(二首之一) 作者:李商隱 鳳尾香羅薄幾重,
碧文圓頂夜深縫。 扇裁月魄羞難掩, 車走雷聲語未通。 曾是寂寥金
燼暗, 斷無消息石榴紅。 斑騅只繫垂楊岸, 何處西南任好風? 218
無題(二首之二) 作者:李商隱 重帷深下莫愁堂, 臥後清宵細細
長。 神女生涯原是夢, 小姑居處本無郎。 風波不信菱枝弱, 月露誰
教桂葉香? 直道相思了無益, 未妨惆悵是清狂。 219 利洲南渡 作
者:溫庭筠 澹然空水對斜暉, 曲島蒼茫接翠微。 波上馬嘶看棹去,
柳邊人歇待船歸。 數叢沙草群鷗散, 萬頃江田一鷺飛。 誰解乘舟尋
范蠡? 五湖煙水獨忘機。 220 蘇武廟 作者:溫庭筠 蘇武魂銷漢使
前, 古祠高樹兩茫然。 雲邊雁斷胡天月, 隴上羊歸塞草煙。 迴日樓
臺非甲帳, 去時冠劍是丁年。 茂陵不見封侯印, 空向秋波哭逝川。
221 宮詞 作者:薛逢 十二樓中盡曉妝, 望仙樓上望君王。 鎖銜金獸
連環冷, 水滴銅龍晝漏長。 雲髻罷梳還對鏡, 羅衣欲換更添香。 遙
窺正殿簾開處, 袍褲宮人掃御床。 222 貧女 作者:秦韜玉 蓬門未識
綺羅香, 擬託良媒益自傷。 誰愛風流高格調, 共憐時世儉梳妝。 敢
將十指誇鍼巧, 不把雙眉鬥畫長。 苦恨年年壓金線, 為他人作嫁衣
裳。 223 獨不見 作者:沈佺期 盧家少婦鬱金香, 海燕雙棲玳瑁梁。
九月寒砧催木葉, 十年征戍憶遼陽。 白狼河北音書斷, 丹鳳城南秋
夜長。 誰為含愁獨不見, 更教明月照流黃。 224 鹿柴 作者:王維 空
山不見人, 但聞人語響; 返景入深林, 復照青苔上。 225 竹里館 作
者:王維 獨坐幽篁裡, 彈琴復長嘯; 深林人不知, 明月來相照。
226 送別 作者:王維 山中相送罷, 日暮掩柴扉; 春草明年綠, 王孫
歸不歸? 227 相思 作者:王維 紅豆生南國, 春來發幾枝; 願君多采
擷, 此物最相思。 228 雜詩 作者:王維 君自故鄉來, 應知故鄉事。
來日綺窗前, 寒梅著花未? 229 送崔九 作者:裴迪 歸山深淺去, 須
盡丘壑美。 莫學武陵人, 暫遊桃源裡。 230 終南望餘雪 作者:祖詠
終南陰嶺秀, 積雪浮雲端; 林表明霽色, 城中增暮寒。 231 宿建德
江 作者:孟浩然 移舟泊煙渚, 日暮客愁新。 野曠天低樹, 江清月
近人。 232 春曉 作者:孟浩然 春眠不覺曉, 處處聞啼鳥。 夜來風雨
聲, 花落知多少。 233 夜思 作者:李白 床前明月光, 疑是地上霜。
舉頭望明月, 低頭思故鄉。 234 怨情 作者:李白 美人捲珠簾, 深坐
蹙蛾眉; 但見淚痕濕, 不知心恨誰? 235 八陣圖 作者:杜甫 功蓋三
分國, 名成八陣圖。 江流石不轉, 遺恨失吞吳。 236 登鸛雀樓 作
者:王之渙 白日依山盡, 黃河入海流; 欲窮千里目, 更上一層樓。
237 送靈澈 作者:劉長卿 蒼蒼竹林寺, 杳杳鐘聲晚。 荷笠帶斜陽,
青山獨歸遠。 238 彈琴 作者:劉長卿 泠泠七絃上, 靜聽松風寒; 古
調雖自愛, 今人多不彈。 239 送上人 作者:劉長卿 孤雲將野鶴, 豈
向人間住? 莫買沃洲山, 時人已知處。 240 秋夜寄邱員外 作者:韋
應物 懷君屬秋夜, 散步詠涼天。 空山松子落, 幽人應未眠。 241 聽
箏 作者:李端 鳴箏金粟柱, 素手玉房前。 欲得周郎顧, 時時誤拂
絃。 242 新嫁娘 作者:王建 三日入廚下, 洗手作羹湯; 未諳姑食
性, 先遣小姑嘗。 243 玉臺體 作者:權德輿 昨夜裙帶解, 今朝蟢子
飛。 鉛華不可棄, 莫是□砧歸。 244 江雪 作者:柳宗元 千山鳥飛
絕, 萬徑人蹤滅; 孤舟簑笠翁, 獨釣寒江雪。 245 行宮 作者:元稹
寥落古行宮, 宮花寂寞紅。 白頭宮女在, 閒坐說玄宗。 246 問劉十
九 作者:白居易 綠螘新醅酒, 紅泥小火爐。 晚來天欲雪, 能飲一
杯無? 247 何滿子 作者:張祜 故國三千里, 深宮二十年。 一聲何滿
子, 雙淚落君前。 248 登樂遊原 作者:李商隱 向晚意不適, 驅車登
古原。 夕陽無限好, 只是近黃昏。 249 尋隱者不遇 作者:賈島 松下
問童子, 言師採藥去。 只在此山中, 雲深不知處? 250 渡漢江 作
者:李頻 嶺外音書絕, 經冬復立春。 近鄉情更怯, 不敢問來人。
251 春怨 作者:金昌緒 打起黃鶯兒, 莫教枝上啼。 啼時驚妾夢, 不
得到遼西。 252 哥舒歌 作者:西鄙人 北斗七星高, 哥舒夜帶刀。 至
今窺牧馬, 不敢過臨洮。 253 長干行(二首之一) 作者:崔顥 君家
何處住, 妾住在橫塘。 停船暫借問, 或恐是同鄉。 254 長干行(二
首之二) 作者:崔顥 家臨九江水, 來去九江側。 同是長干人, 生
小不相識。 255 玉階怨 作者:李白 玉階生白露, 夜久侵羅襪。 卻下
水晶簾, 玲瓏望秋月。 256 塞下曲(四首之一) 作者:盧綸 鷲翎金
僕姑, 燕尾繡蝥弧; 獨立揚新令, 千營共一呼。 257 塞下曲(四首
之二) 作者:盧綸 林暗草驚風, 將軍夜引弓; 平明尋白羽, 沒在
石稜中。 258 塞下曲(四首之三) 作者:盧綸 月黑雁飛高, 單于夜
遁逃; 欲將輕騎逐, 大雪滿弓刀。 259 塞下曲(四首之四) 作者:
盧綸 野幕蔽瓊筵, 羌戎賀勞旋; 醉和金甲舞, 雷鼓動山川。 260 江
南曲 作者:李益 嫁得瞿塘賈, 朝朝誤妾期; 早知潮有信, 嫁與弄
潮兒。 261 回鄉偶書 作者:賀知章 少小離家老大回, 鄉音無改鬢毛
衰; 兒童相見不相識, 笑問客從何處來? 262 桃花谿 作者:張旭 隱
隱飛橋隔野煙, 石磯西畔問漁船; 桃花盡日隨流水, 洞在清谿何處
邊? 263 九月九日憶山東兄弟 作者:王維 獨在異鄉為異客, 每逢佳
節倍思親。 遙知兄弟登高處, 遍插茱萸少一人。 264 芙蓉樓送辛漸
作者:王昌齡 寒雨連江夜入吳, 平明送客楚山孤。 洛陽親友如相
問, 一片冰心在玉壺。 265 閨怨 作者:王昌齡 閨中少婦不知愁, 春
日凝妝上翠樓; 忽見陌頭楊柳色, 悔教夫婿覓封侯。 266 春宮曲 作
者:王昌齡 昨夜風開露井桃, 未央前殿月輪高。 平陽歌舞新承寵,
簾外春寒賜錦袍。 267 涼州詞 作者:王翰 葡萄美酒夜光杯, 欲飲琵
琶馬上催。 醉臥沙場君莫笑, 古來征戰幾人回? 268 送孟浩然之廣
陵 作者:李白 故人西辭黃鶴樓, 煙花三月下揚州。 孤帆遠影碧空
盡, 惟見長江天際流。 269 下江陵 作者:李白 朝辭白帝彩雲間, 千
里江陵一日還; 兩岸猿聲啼不住, 輕舟已過萬重山。 270 逢入京使
作者:岑參 故園東望路漫漫, 雙袖龍鐘淚不乾。 馬上相逢無紙筆,
憑君傳語報平安。 271 江南逢李龜年 作者:杜甫 岐王宅裡尋常見,
崔九堂前幾度聞。 正是江南好風景, 落花時節又逢君。 272 滁州西
澗 作者:韋應物 獨憐幽草澗邊生, 上有黃鸝深樹鳴。 春潮帶雨晚來
急, 野渡無人舟自橫。 273 楓橋夜泊 作者:張繼 月落烏啼霜滿天,
江楓漁火對愁眠。 姑蘇城外寒山寺, 夜半鐘聲到客船。 274 寒食 作
者:韓翃 春城無處不飛花, 寒食東風御柳斜; 日暮漢宮傳蠟燭, 輕
煙散入五侯家。 275 月夜 作者:劉方平 更深月色半人家, 北斗闌干
南斗斜。 今夜偏知春氣暖, 蟲聲新透綠窗沙。 276 春怨 作者:劉方
平 紗窗日落漸黃昏, 金屋無人見淚痕。 寂寞空庭春欲晚, 梨花滿地
不開門。 277 征人怨 作者:柳中庸 歲歲金河復玉關, 朝朝馬策與刀
環。 三春白雪歸青塚, 萬里黃河繞黑山。 278 宮詞 作者:顧況 玉樓
天半起笙歌, 風送宮嬪笑語和。 月殿影開聞夜漏, 水晶簾捲近秋
河。 279 夜上受降城聞笛 作者:李益 回樂峰前沙似雪, 受降城外月
如霜。 不知何處吹蘆管? 一夜征人盡望鄉。 280 烏衣巷 作者:劉禹
錫 朱雀橋邊野草花, 烏衣巷口夕陽斜; 舊時王謝堂前燕, 飛入尋常
百姓家。 281 春詞 作者:劉禹錫 新妝宜面下朱樓, 深鎖春光一院
愁。 行到中庭數花朵, 蜻蜓飛上玉搔頭。 282 宮詞 作者:白居易 淚
濕羅巾夢不成, 夜深前殿按歌聲。 紅顏未老恩先斷, 斜倚薰籠坐到
明。 283 贈內人 作者:張祜 禁門宮樹月痕過, 媚眼惟看宿鷺窠。 斜
拔玉釵燈影畔, 剔開紅燄救飛蛾。 284 集靈臺(二首之一) 作者:
張祜 日光斜照集靈台, 紅樹花迎曉露開。 昨夜上皇新授籙, 太真含
笑入簾來。 285 集靈臺(二首之二) 作者:張祜 虢國夫人承主恩,
平明騎馬入宮門。 卻嫌脂粉污顏色, 淡掃蛾眉朝至尊。 286 題金陵
渡 作者:張祜 金陵津渡小山樓, 一宿行人自可愁。 潮落夜江斜月
裡, 兩三星火是瓜州。 287 宮中詞 作者:朱慶餘 寂寂花時閉院門,
美人相並立瓊軒。 含情欲說宮中事, 鸚鵡前頭不敢言。 288 近試上
張水部 作者:朱慶餘 洞房昨夜停紅燭, 待曉堂前拜舅姑。 妝罷低聲
問夫婿, 畫眉深淺入時無。 289 將赴吳興登樂遊原 作者:杜牧 清時
有味是無能, 閒愛孤雲靜愛僧。 欲把一麾江海去, 樂遊原上望昭
陵。 290 赤壁 作者:杜牧 折戟沈沙鐵未銷, 自將磨洗認前朝。 東風
不與周郎便, 銅雀春深銷二喬。 291 泊秦淮 作者:杜牧 煙籠寒水月
籠沙, 夜泊秦淮近酒家。 商女不知亡國恨, 隔江猶唱後庭花。 292
寄揚州韓綽判官 作者:杜牧 青山隱隱水迢迢, 秋盡江南草未凋。 二
十四橋明月夜, 玉人何處教吹簫? 293 遣懷 作者:杜牧 落魄江湖載
酒行, 楚腰纖細掌中輕。 十年一覺揚州夢, 贏得青樓薄倖名。 294
秋夕 作者:杜牧 銀燭秋光冷畫屏, 輕羅小扇撲流螢。 天階夜色涼如
水, 坐看牽牛織女星。 295 贈別(二首之一) 作者:杜牧 娉娉嫋嫋
十三餘, 豆蔻梢頭二月初。 春風十里揚州路, 卷上珠簾總不如。
296 贈別(二首之二) 作者:杜牧 多情卻似總無情, 唯覺樽前笑不
成。 蠟燭有心還惜別, 替人垂淚到天明。 297 金谷園 作者:杜牧 繁
華事散逐香塵, 流水無情草自春。 日暮東風怨啼鳥, 落花猶似墜樓
人。 298 夜雨寄北 作者:李商隱 君問歸期未有期, 巴山夜雨漲秋
池。 何當共剪西窗燭, 卻話巴山夜雨時? 299 寄令狐郎中 作者:李
商隱 嵩雲秦樹久離居, 雙鯉迢迢一紙筆。 休問梁園舊賓客, 茂陵秋
雨病相如。 300 為有 作者:李商隱 為有雲屏無限嬌, 鳳城寒盡怕春
宵。 無端嫁得金龜婿, 辜負香衾事早朝。 301 隋宮 作者:李商隱 乘
興南遊不戒嚴, 九重誰省諫書函? 春風舉國裁宮錦, 半作障泥半作
帆。 302 瑤池 作者:李商隱 瑤池阿母綺窗開, 黃竹歌聲動地哀。 八
駿日行三萬里, 穆王何事不重來? 303 嫦娥 作者:李商隱 雲母屏風
燭影深, 長河漸落曉星沈。 嫦娥應悔偷靈藥, 碧海青天夜夜心。
304 賈生 作者:李商隱 宣室求賢訪逐臣, 賈生才調更無倫。 可憐夜
半虛前席, 不問蒼生問鬼神。 305 瑤瑟怨 作者:溫庭筠 冰簟銀床夢
不成, 碧天如水夜雲輕。 雁聲遠過瀟湘去, 十二樓中月自明。 306
馬嵬坡 作者:鄭畋 玄宗回馬楊妃死, 雲雨難忘日月新。 終是聖明天
子事, 景陽宮井又何人? 307 已涼 作者:韓偓 碧闌干外繡簾垂, 猩
色屏風畫折枝; 八尺龍鬚方錦褥, 已涼天氣未寒時。 308 金陵圖 作
者:韋莊 江雨霏霏江草齊, 六朝如夢鳥空啼。 無情最是臺城柳, 依
舊煙籠十里堤。 309 隴西行 作者:陳陶 誓掃匈奴不顧身, 五千貂錦
喪胡塵; 可憐無定河邊骨, 猶是深閨夢裡人。 310 寄人 作者:張泌
別夢依依到謝家, 小廊回合曲闌斜。 多情只有春庭月, 猶為離人照
落花。 311 雜詩 作者:無名氏 盡寒食雨草萋萋, 著麥苗風柳映堤。
等是有家歸未得, 杜鵑休向耳邊啼。 312 渭城曲 作者:王維 渭城朝
雨浥輕塵, 客舍青青柳色新。 勸君更盡一杯酒, 西出陽關無故人。
313 秋夜曲 作者:王維 桂魄初生秋露微, 輕羅已薄未更衣。 銀箏夜
久殷勤弄, 心怯空房不忍歸。 314 長信怨 作者:王昌齡 奉帚平明金
殿開, 且將團扇共徘徊。 玉顏不及寒鴉色, 猶帶昭陽日影來。 315
出塞 作者:王昌齡 秦時明月漢時關, 萬里長征人未還; 但使龍城飛
將在, 不教胡馬渡陰山。 316 清平調(三首之一) 作者:李白 雲想
衣裳花想容, 春風拂檻露華濃; 若非群玉山頭見, 會向瑤臺月下
逢。 317 清平調(三首之二) 作者:李白 一枝紅豔露凝香, 雲雨巫
山枉斷腸。 借問漢宮誰得似? 可憐飛燕倚新妝。 318 清平調(三首
之三) 作者:李白 名花傾國兩相歡, 常得君王帶笑看。 解釋春風無
限恨, 沈香亭北倚闌干。 319 出塞 作者:王之渙 黃河遠上白雲間,
一片孤城萬仞山。 羌笛何須怨楊柳, 春風不度玉門關。 320 金縷衣
作者:杜秋娘 勸君莫惜金縷衣, 勸君惜取少年時。 花開堪折直須
折, 莫待無花空折枝。
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