Major Task – Part 2

REPORT
RAMY EMAD IBRAHIM EL KORDY 19P1292
Contents
1. Wind Energy .......................................................................................................................... 3

The share of different energy technologies in CO2 emissions to the atmosphere.................... 3

How can wind energy help to breath cleaner air. ...................................................................... 3
Costs vs. Benefits of Wind Energy. ........................................................................................... 3
How green wind energy is? ....................................................................................................... 3
Innovative implementation of wind energy in architecture ........................................................ 4
Kinetic Facades: .................................................................................................................... 4
Examples .................................................................................................................................. 4
1. Horns Rev 3, Denmark ................................................................................................... 4
2. Alta Wind Energy Center, California, USA ..................................................................... 5
3. Walney Extension Offshore Wind Farm, England, UK ................................................... 5
Applicability of Wind Energy in Egypt........................................................................................ 6
2. PV Systems ........................................................................................................................... 6

Adverse environmental impacts of PV systems ........................................................................ 6

The carbon footprint emission from PV systems....................................................................... 6
Costs vs. Benefits of PV Systems ............................................................................................. 7
How green PV systems is? ....................................................................................................... 7
Recycling of solar cell materials ................................................................................................ 8
Land requirement for various sizes of solar and wind technologies.......................................... 8
Health and environmental impacts of the chemical compounds involved in PV cells’
manufacturing. .......................................................................................................................... 9
A case study for innovative integration of pv systems in architectural projects. ..................... 10
Apple Park in Cupertino, California: ..................................................................................... 10
Examples ................................................................................................................................ 12
1. Noor Abu Dhabi ............................................................................................................ 12
2. Longyangshan Dam Solar Park .................................................................................... 13
3. The Dau Tieng Solar Park: ........................................................................................... 13
3. Fuel Cell Report: ..................................................................................................................... 14

Environmental Impact of Fuel Cell Technology for Electric Power Generation....................... 14

Benefits for a Sustainable Future: ....................................................................................... 14
Environmental Concerns to Address: .................................................................................. 14
Moving Towards Sustainable Power Generation: ................................................................ 15
 Examples: ............................................................................................................................... 15
1. Bloom Box 500 Fuel Cell Power System - California, USA .......................................... 16
2. Südzucker CHP Plant – Germany ................................................................................ 16
3. Panasonic PEM Residential Fuel Cell System – Japan ............................................... 17
References:................................................................................................................................. 18
1. Wind Energy
The share of different energy technologies in CO2 emissions to the
atmosphere.
Wind energy produces around 11 grams of CO2 per kilowatt-hour (kWh) of electricity generated.
Total share of the CO2 emissions: 0.75%.

How can wind energy help to breath cleaner air.

Wind turbines generate electricity without releasing air pollutants. Wind energy produces around
only 11 grams of CO2 per kilowatt-hour (kWh) of electricity generated.

Costs vs. Benefits of Wind Energy.

• Upfront Costs: Setting up a wind farm requires significant investment for land
acquisition, building turbines, and installation. While costs have come down, they can
still be high.
• Operation and Maintenance: Keeping wind turbines running smoothly requires regular
maintenance, adding to the overall cost.
• Unreliable Output: Wind isn't always blowing at full force. This variability means wind
turbines won't always generate power at their maximum capacity.
• Space Limitations: Wind turbines are large and need open space to operate effectively.
This can make them unsuitable for densely populated areas.
• Noise and Visual Impact: The spinning blades can generate noise and cast moving
shadows, potentially bothering nearby residents.
• Bird Mortality: Collisions with wind turbine blades pose a threat to birds, especially
migratory species.

How green wind energy is?

The environmental benefits of wind energy are undeniable. During operation, it produces
minimal pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, making it a strong contender for a clean
energy source. However, a more comprehensive definition of "green" might encompass the
concept of sustainability. From this perspective, several factors require consideration:

• Long-term Commitment: Successful wind energy projects necessitate a sustained

commitment from all stakeholders involved, ensuring proper operation and maintenance
throughout the plant's lifespan.
• Fluctuating Wind Patterns: Wind speed and direction naturally vary over time. The
potential impact of these fluctuations on the plant's efficiency and long-term economic
viability needs to be carefully assessed.
 Despite these considerations, wind energy remains a compelling solution in the current context.
Given its minimal environmental impact and growing technological advancements, wind power
offers a significant contribution to the global transition towards a sustainable energy future.

Innovative implementation of wind energy in architecture

Kinetic Facades:
These building facades use wind to generate power or manipulate ventilation. They can take
many forms, such as panels that flutter in the wind or louvers that adjust to control airflow.
• Benefits: Provides ventilation and power generation, can improve building energy
efficiency, creates a dynamic and responsive building envelope.
• Challenges: May require complex engineering to ensure structural integrity and
functionality, might not be visually appealing in all designs.

Examples

1. Horns Rev 3, Denmark

o Capacity: 620 MW
o Year of Installation: 2019
o Applicability in Egypt: Offshore wind farms like Horns Rev 3 can be beneficial for Egypt,
especially in areas with strong coastal winds and limited space onshore.
o Additional Fact: Located in the North Sea, Horns Rev 3 is a world leader in offshore wind
technology. The wind farm utilizes giant turbines with blades that span the length of a football
field, maximizing wind energy capture.

2. Alta Wind Energy Center, California, USA

• Capacity: 1,547 MW
• Year of Installation: 2015 (ongoing project)

• Applicability in Egypt: Large-scale onshore wind farms like Alta are applicable in
Egypt's vast desert areas.
• Additional Fact: Nestled in the Tejon Pass of California, the Alta Wind Energy Center is
one of the largest onshore wind farms in the world. The project harnesses the strong and
consistent winds blowing through the mountain pass to generate clean electricity.
3. Walney Extension Offshore Wind Farm, England, UK

• Capacity: 659 MW (world's largest offshore wind farm by capacity at the time of
construction)
• Year of Installation: 2018
 • Applicability in Egypt: Offshore wind farms are a promising option for Egypt due to the
strong winds in the Gulf of Suez and Red Sea regions.
• Additional Fact: Situated in the Irish Sea, the Walney Extension Offshore Wind Farm
utilizes innovative technologies to maximize energy production and minimize
environmental impact. The wind farm features special coatings on the turbine blades that
make them less slippery, allowing for better adhesion of barnacles and mussels.

Applicability of Wind Energy in Egypt

Egypt has excellent potential for wind energy development. Here's why:

Strong and consistent winds: The Red Sea and Gulf of Suez regions experience strong and
consistent winds, ideal for wind turbine operation.

Vast land area: Egypt's vast desert areas provide ample space for large-scale onshore wind
farms.

Government support: The Egyptian government has set ambitious renewable energy targets,
including a significant increase in wind energy capacity.

The successful implementation of the aforementioned wind power plants around the world
demonstrates the viability of wind energy in various geographical locations. Considering Egypt's
wind resource and government initiatives, wind energy technology is indeed applicable and can
significantly contribute to the country's energy mix.

2. PV Systems
Adverse environmental impacts of PV systems
Solar energy shines with benefits: it fights climate change by producing clean electricity and
saves water compared to traditional plants. Panels can even be placed on rooftops, minimizing
land use impact. However, large solar farms can disrupt wildlife habitats, and manufacturing the
panels can be resource-intensive. Additionally, disposing of old panels creates e-waste.
Responsible practices like careful planning and improved recycling are needed for a truly
sustainable solar future.

The carbon footprint emission from PV systems

Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems are cleaner than fossil fuels, but their life cycle has some
carbon footprint. Emissions occur mainly during manufacturing, transportation, and installation
due to reliance on fossil fuels for energy and materials. However, solar panels themselves
generate electricity with minimal emissions during operation. Solar panel footprints vary
depending on technology. Silicon panels have a footprint of 20-50 grams of CO2 equivalent per
kWh, while thin-film panels are even lower at 10-30 g CO2e/kWh.
Costs vs. Benefits of PV Systems

Benefit Description
Generates electricity with minimal greenhouse gas emissions,
Clean Energy combating climate change.
Reduced Reliance on Fossil
Fuels Promotes energy independence and potentially lower electricity bills.
Low Maintenance Requires minimal ongoing maintenance after installation.
Can be installed on rooftops, integrated into buildings, or used
Versatility portably.
Long Lifespan Typically lasts 25-30 years.
Financial incentives may be available from governments or local
Potential Incentives authorities.

Cost Description
Significant initial cost for purchasing and installing the system (although costs
Upfront Investment are decreasing).
Larger systems generate more electricity but require a higher upfront
System Size investment.
Sunlight Availability Locations with limited sunshine will generate less electricity.
Potential Roof
Impact May require roof modifications and potentially additional roof repair costs.
End-of-Life
Disposal Requires proper recycling (improper disposal creates environmental hazards).

How green PV systems is?

Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems are often touted as a clean energy source, but is the picture
entirely rosy? Let's break down the sunny and shady sides of their lifecycle:
Green Advantages:

• Clean Power Generation: During operation, solar panels are emissions champions.
They produce electricity without polluting the air with greenhouse gases, nitrogen oxides,
or sulfur oxides, significantly reducing air pollution and climate change impact.
• Renewable Resource: Solar energy is a gift that keeps on giving! Unlike finite fossil
fuels, the sun's energy is a virtually limitless, constantly replenished resource. Solar
panels simply tap into this abundant source.
• Water Conservation Champions: Compared to traditional power plants that guzzle
water for cooling, PV systems are water misers. This is a major benefit in areas
struggling with water scarcity.
• Recycling Potential: Many solar panel components, like glass, aluminum frames, and
silicon, have recycling potential at the end of their lifespan, reducing waste.
 Environmental Considerations:

• Manufacturing Footprint: There's no free lunch. Manufacturing solar panels can have
some environmental impact. Extracting raw materials and using certain chemicals can
contribute to pollution. The good news? Advancements are being made to minimize this
impact and increase material recycling.
• Energy Payback Time: Before a PV system becomes a net positive for the
environment, it needs to generate enough clean energy to offset the energy used in its
manufacturing and installation. This "energy payback time" varies depending on location
and system size, but typically falls within 2-4 years.
• Land Use Impact: Large-scale solar farms can occupy significant areas, potentially
disrupting ecosystems and wildlife habitats. However, careful planning and responsible
siting can minimize these effects.
The Verdict.
Solar PV systems are a significant step towards a cleaner future. While there are environmental
considerations during manufacturing and land use for large-scale farms, the long-term benefits
outweigh the drawbacks. Continued advancements in manufacturing processes, recycling, and
responsible siting practices will further solidify solar power as a leading green energy source.

Recycling of solar cell materials

Solar panels are green energy heroes, but recycling them is crucial. Here's the lowdown:
• Panel Makeup: Mostly silicon, glass, and aluminum, with some trace metals.
• Recycling Steps: Disassemble, separate (grinding, heat, or chemicals), and recover silicon
wafers.
• The Challenge: Current methods struggle with obtaining high-purity silicon for reuse.
• Why Recycle? Reduces waste, recovers materials, and keeps solar sustainable.
• The Future: Research on new methods (bioleaching!) and responsible waste management are
key for a greener solar future.
In short, better recycling tech and supportive policies are essential to ensure solar power's long-
term health. By efficiently recovering materials, we can minimize environmental impact and
create a circular economy for solar energy.

Land requirement for various sizes of solar and wind technologies.

Solar Energy:
• Technology and Panel Efficiency: High-efficiency solar panels require less land per
unit of energy produced, minimizing overall land use footprint.
• Tracking Systems: Fixed-tilt systems have the largest land use requirements. Single-
axis trackers (tilting throughout the day) and dual-axis trackers (tilting and rotating) can
generate more power on a smaller land area.
Land Use Metrics:
• Land Use per Gigawatt-hour (GWh) per Year: This metric reflects the total land area
occupied by a solar farm to generate a specific amount of electricity over a year. For US
data, this ranges from 3 to 5.5 acres/GWh/yr depending on technology and tracking. A
typical value is 3.5 acres/GWh/yr.
• Land Use per Megawatt (MW) Capacity: This metric represents the total land area a
solar farm occupies for its installed capacity (maximum power generation at a given
time). This ranges from 7 to 9 acres/MWac, with a typical value of 8.9 acres/MWac.
Wind Energy:
• Turbine Size: Larger turbines capture more wind energy, reducing the number needed
for a specific power output, but they also have a larger footprint, impacting land use.
• Wind Speed: Stronger and more consistent winds allow for denser placement of wind
turbines, reducing overall land use.
Land Use Metric:
• Land Use per MW Capacity: This metric reflects the total land area occupied by a wind
farm for its installed capacity. Land use for wind farms typically ranges from 1 to 5
acres/MW, with a typical value of 3-4 acres/MW.
Additional Considerations:

• Co-location: Solar and wind farms can be co-located on the same land parcel,
maximizing land use efficiency and overall energy production.
• Multi-Use Potential: Land used for solar farms can coexist with other activities such as
sheep grazing or growing certain crops, optimizing land use and potential economic
benefits.
By carefully considering these factors, developers can optimize land use for solar and wind
energy projects, minimizing environmental impact while maximizing clean energy production.

Health and environmental impacts of the chemical compounds

involved in PV cells’ manufacturing.

• Cadmium: Cadmium, used in CdTe cells, is classified as "extremely toxic" and can
damage vital organs like kidneys, bones, and lungs with prolonged exposure. Workers in
CdTe factories face a risk of inhaling cadmium dust if proper safety measures aren't in
place. Improper disposal of cadmium waste can contaminate soil and water, jeopardizing
the health of surrounding communities.
• Selenium: Similar concerns surround selenium, another element used in thin-film solar
cells. Selenium dioxide, a byproduct of its processing, shares the toxic properties of
arsenic and can lead to respiratory problems if inhaled.
Environmental Shadows of Manufacturing:
• Hazardous Material: The manufacturing process often involves hazardous materials
like strong acids, solvents, and flammable gases. Accidents involving these substances
can pollute air and water, harming ecosystems and potentially impacting human health if
proper handling protocols are not followed.
 • Water: Solar cell production can be water-intensive, especially for cleaning and etching
silicon wafers. This raises concerns about water scarcity in regions with limited
resources and potential contamination if wastewater isn't treated properly.
• Energy Consumption: While solar panels generate clean energy, the manufacturing
process itself can be energy-intensive. This can partially negate the environmental
benefits if the energy source used in production is not renewable.

A case study for innovative integration of pv systems in architectural

projects.

Apple Park in Cupertino, California:

This case study delves into the remarkable integration of photovoltaic (PV) systems within the
architectural design, highlighting its aesthetic and ecological benefits.
Design Innovation:
• Rooftop: The most striking feature of Apple Park's design is its expansive 126-acre
rooftop. This isn't merely a structural element, but rather a vast solar panel array
seamlessly woven into the building's curved form. Custom-designed, high-efficiency
photovoltaic panels disappear into the clean, white aesthetic, creating a visually unified
and aesthetically pleasing whole.
• Aesthetics and Efficiency in Harmony: Apple prioritized visual appeal without
compromising solar energy capture. The project utilizes specially designed white
photovoltaic panels that seamlessly integrate with the building's curved, white roof. This
innovative approach avoids the traditional, bulky appearance of solar panels, resulting in
a sleek and modern design.

Environmental Benefits: Powering the Future Today

• Energy Independence: The massive rooftop solar array boasts an impressive 17
megawatts of clean energy generation, significantly reducing reliance on the grid and
contributing to Apple's commitment to environmental sustainability.
 • Sustainable Statements in Architecture: Apple Park beautifully demonstrates that
sustainability and aesthetics can co-exist in harmony. The seamless integration of PV
systems sets a new standard for eco-friendly design in corporate headquarters, proving
that environmental responsibility can be visually striking.
• Long-Term Economic Advantages: While the initial investment in custom solar panels
might have been substantial, the long-term cost savings from reduced grid dependence
are significant.
Technical Considerations: Engineering for Optimal Performance
• Custom-Crafted Solar Panels: Standard dark-colored panels would have disrupted the
building's clean design. To overcome this, Apple collaborated with a manufacturer to
develop unique white, monocrystalline silicon solar panels that deliver exceptional
efficiency.
• Integrated Rooftop Design: The solar panels are directly mounted onto the curved roof
structure, eliminating the need for a separate mounting system. This not only enhances
the aesthetics but also contributes to the building's overall energy efficiency.
• Performance Monitoring and Optimization: Apple Park is equipped with a
sophisticated energy management system that meticulously tracks solar energy
generation, building energy consumption, and overall energy performance. This data
allows for continuous optimization and ensures the effectiveness of the integrated PV
system.
Apple Park serves as a groundbreaking example of how innovation can bridge the gap between
technological advancement and environmental responsibility. By prioritizing aesthetics
alongside sustainability, Apple has created a visually stunning and ecologically conscious
landmark, inspiring a new era of sustainable design in the corporate world.
Examples

1. Noor Abu Dhabi

• Location: Sweihan, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

• Completion: June 2019
• Capacity: 1,177 MW
• Applicability in Egypt: Sharing the sunny Middle Eastern climate, the technology and
approach used at Noor Abu Dhabi hold high potential for replication in Egypt. However,
careful consideration needs to be given to bridging the potential financial gap for large-
scale solar projects.
• Additional Info: A collaborative effort between the Abu Dhabi government (represented
by ADWEA), Jinko Solar, and Marubeni Corporation, the project represents an
investment of approximately $870 million.
 2. Longyangshan Dam Solar Park

• Capacity: 850 MW
• Year of Installation: 2013-2015 (phased)
• Applicability in Egypt: Egypt's abundant sunshine makes solar energy a viable option.
Solar power can reduce reliance on imported fuels, potentially lower electricity costs,
and create jobs. Challenges include upfront costs and land use, but government
incentives and falling solar technology costs can help make solar a viable option for
Egypt's clean energy future.
• Additional Fact: One of the world's largest solar parks upon completion (may not hold
this title today).
3. The Dau Tieng Solar Park:
 • Location: Phuoc Hoa District, Binh Duong Province, Vietnam
• Capacity: 550 megawatts (MW)
• Year of Installation: 2019 (project completion)
• Applicability in Egypt: While located in Vietnam, the success of Dau Tieng holds
valuable lessons for Egypt. Both countries share a sunny climate, making large-scale
solar PV projects highly applicable in Egypt.
• Additional Info: Developed by a consortium of Vietnamese and international
companies, Dau Tieng reflects Vietnam's focus on attracting foreign investment in
renewable energy projects. The park not only generates clean electricity but also
contributes to energy security, reduces reliance on fossil fuels, and fosters economic
development in the region through job creation.

3. Fuel Cell Report:

Environmental Impact of Fuel Cell Technology for Electric Power
Generation
Fuel cell technology presents a compelling path towards clean and efficient electricity
generation. However, like all industrial processes, it has environmental implications that require
careful consideration. This report delves into the environmental footprint of fuel cell power
plants, examining both their potential benefits and drawbacks for a comprehensive evaluation.
Benefits for a Sustainable Future:
• Reduced Emissions: Compared to traditional power plants reliant on fossil fuels, fuel
cells operate with significantly lower emissions. Their primary byproduct is water vapor,
eliminating the release of harmful pollutants such as nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, and
greenhouse gases. This reduction in air pollution contributes to cleaner air and improved
public health outcomes.
• Enhanced Efficiency: Fuel cells boast a higher efficiency rate than traditional
combustion engines for converting fuel into electricity. This translates to lower fuel
consumption for the same electricity output, leading to a reduced overall environmental
impact.
• Modular Design Advantage: Fuel cell power plants can be constructed in modular
units, facilitating a more decentralized power generation system. This approach reduces
energy losses associated with long-distance power lines and offers greater flexibility in
meeting localized energy needs.
Environmental Concerns to Address:
• Fuel Source Dependence: The environmental footprint of fuel cell technology is heavily
influenced by the type of fuel used. While hydrogen fuel cells offer the cleanest
emissions profile, hydrogen production itself can be energy-intensive, often relying on
 fossil fuels. This negates some of the environmental benefits associated with fuel cell
technology.
• Water Usage Considerations: Certain fuel cell technologies, particularly those utilizing
phosphoric acid as an electrolyte, require a significant amount of water for operation. In
regions with limited water resources, this can strain water supplies and necessitate
sustainable water management practices.
• Manufacturing Footprint: The manufacturing process for fuel cells can involve
materials with their own environmental impact, including the extraction of rare earth
elements and the use of potentially hazardous chemicals. Mitigating these concerns
through responsible sourcing and material selection is crucial.
• Waste Management Strategies: Spent catalyst materials from fuel cells require proper
disposal to prevent environmental contamination. Developing and implementing robust
waste management strategies is essential for ensuring a sustainable life cycle.
Moving Towards Sustainable Power Generation:
• Renewable Hydrogen Production: Research and development of renewable hydrogen
production methods, such as electrolysis powered by solar or wind energy, hold
significant potential to reduce the environmental footprint of fuel cell power generation.
• Advanced Fuel Cell Technologies: Developing fuel cell technologies that utilize
cleaner and more readily available fuels, such as biomethane derived from organic
waste, can further lessen the environmental impact while enhancing the practicality of
this technology.
• Life Cycle Assessment: Conducting comprehensive life cycle assessments of fuel cell
power plants, encompassing all stages from material extraction to decommissioning,
allows for the identification of areas for improvement and the promotion of more
sustainable practices throughout the entire process.

Fuel cell technology offers a promising path towards a cleaner future for electricity generation.
However, addressing the environmental considerations associated with fuel sources, water
usage, manufacturing, and waste management is critical for maximizing its sustainability
potential. By prioritizing renewable hydrogen production, exploring cleaner fuel options, and
implementing sustainable practices throughout the entire life cycle, fuel cells can truly become a
champion for a clean and sustainable energy future.

Examples:
 1. Bloom Box 500 Fuel Cell Power System - California, USA

• Project Location: Folsom, California, USA

• Capacity: 500 kW
• Completion: 2019 (estimated)
• Availability in Egypt: Not currently available, but potential for future projects
• Additional Information: This Bloom Box system provides power to a commercial building.
Bloom Energy offers fuel cell systems in various capacities, and they are currently exploring
opportunities in the Middle East and North Africa region. While no projects are confirmed in
Egypt yet, Bloom's technology could be a future option for distributed power generation in
the country.
2. Südzucker CHP Plant – Germany

• Project Location: Pfeffenhofen, Germany

• Capacity: 2.8 Megawatts (MW)
• Completion: 2016
• Availability in Egypt: Not available
• Additional Information: This highly efficient combined heat and power (CHP) plant uses
solid oxide fuel cells to generate electricity and heat for a sugar factory. This project
 showcases the large-scale application of fuel cells for industrial purposes. However, due to
the project's specific nature and location, it's unlikely to be directly replicated in Egypt.
3. Panasonic PEM Residential Fuel Cell System – Japan

• Project Location: Multiple locations in Japan

• Capacity: 5 kW
• Completion: Ongoing installations
• Availability in Egypt: Limited availability, potential for expansion
• Additional Information: Panasonic offers residential fuel cell systems that generate
electricity and heat for homes. While not currently widespread, these systems are being
piloted in various locations. Similar residential fuel cell projects are being explored in Egypt.
The Egyptian government has shown interest in hydrogen fuel cell technology for clean
energy applications, and pilot projects are underway.
References:

• ICAT-Renewable-Energy-Methdology-June-2019.pdf (climateactiontransparency.org)

• A comprehensive estimate of life cycle greenhouse gas emissions from onshore wind
energy in China - ScienceDirect
• https://www.energy.gov/wind
• https://www.energy.gov/eere/wind/advantages-and-challenges-wind-energy
• https://www.audubon.org/news/wind-power-and-birds
• https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy00osti/28620.pdf
• https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032113006291
• https://www.energy.gov/solar
• https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/interactive/2023/renewable-
energy-land-use-wind-solar/
• https://publications.iarc.fr/Book-And-Report-Series/Iarc-Monographs-On-The-
Identification-Of-Carcinogenic-Hazards-To-Humans/Beryllium-Cadmium-Mercury-And-
Exposures-In-The-Glass-Manufacturing-Industry-1993
• https://www.solar.com/learn/apples-new-campus-country-largest-solar-commercial-
project/
• www.treehugger.com
• https://orsted.com/
• https://www.gem.wiki/Alta_Wind_Energy_Center
• https://ewec.ae/en/home
• https://picturing.climatecentral.org/location/31.2363673,121.5018844
• https://www.bloomenergy.com/
• https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202301/02/WS63b2c6c1a31057c47eba7438.html
• https://panasonic.net/electricworks/about/global-network/