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Ce 311 Steel Structures Lecture 6

The document outlines the design principles for beams in steel construction, focusing on effective length, lateral restraints, and effective section modulus. It references AS 4100-1998 for various factors affecting beam design, including slenderness ratios and load conditions. Key equations and tables are provided to guide the calculation of effective lengths and section moduli based on different scenarios.

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29 views13 pages

Ce 311 Steel Structures Lecture 6

The document outlines the design principles for beams in steel construction, focusing on effective length, lateral restraints, and effective section modulus. It references AS 4100-1998 for various factors affecting beam design, including slenderness ratios and load conditions. Key equations and tables are provided to guide the calculation of effective lengths and section moduli based on different scenarios.

Uploaded by

dminao1975
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CE 311 STEEL DESIGN

LECTURE 6: DESIGN OF BEAMS CONT….

Mr. Jedge Kasadimi

School of Civil Engineering


PNG Unitech
4.2.2 Effective Length (L) of a Segment

Le = kt kl kr L ……………………………………………………………………………..Equation 4-9

where L = segment length, kt = twist restrain factor = 1 for normal end restraints. For other cases refer to AS
4100-1998 Table 5.6.3 (1).

kl = load height factor = 1 if load is at the shear centre


= 1.4 if load is on the critical (normally the compression) flange (refer AS 4100-1998 Table 5.6.3(2) and

kr = lateral rotational restraint factor (refer to Table 5.6.3 (3) AS 4100-1998),


= 1 if no restraints at both ends.
= 0.7 if both ends with rotational restraint (or using AS 4100 terminology for FF, FP and PP)
= 0.85 if one end with rotational restraint (or using AS 4100 terminology for FF, FP and PP)

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4.2.3 Lateral Restrains
Lateral restraints are provided to the critical (compression) flange of the beam to restrain lateral deflection, twist
rotation and lateral rotation. The members and connections of the restraint systems must be designed to transfer
the appropriate forces and bending moments specified in clause 5.6.3 of AS 4100-1998 together with other
forces or bending moments which may act simultaneously due to anchorage or reaction points.

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3. For members of a frame, refer to Clause 4.6.3.3 of AS 4100-1998 and

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4.2.4 Effective Section Modulus Ze
 = local slenderness ratio
e = compression plate (flange) slenderness ratio
e = b/t  (fy/250) ……………………………………………………………. Equation 4-10
ed = deformation slenderness limit
ep = plasticity slenderness limit
 ey = yield slenderness limit
s = section slenderness ratio
= e for the compression plate with the maximum e/ey.

The limiting slenderness ratio for this element shall be used to determine Ze.

Zc = Z for a compact section


= the lesser of S and 1.5 Z.

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Table 4-4: PLATE ELEMENT SLENDERNESS LIMITS ( VALUES)

Case Type ep ey ed


Flat-one edge supported, SR 10 17 35
Uniform Compression e.g. HR 9 16 35
Flanges in I beams LW, CF 8 15 35
HW 8 15 35
Flat-both edges supported SR 28 50 90
Uniform compression e.g. HR 25 45 90
Flanges of box girders LW, CF 22 40 90
Or between fastener lines HW 20 35 90

Note that: SR = stress relieved


HR = hot rolled
CF = cold formed
LW = lightly welded
HW = heavily welded

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For other cases, refer to AS 4100 1998 Table 5.2.

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DESIGN OF BEAMS

Note that noticeable deformations may occur under service loading for elements which have e > ed, the
deformation slenderness limit.

If s  ep then Ze = Zc -i.e a compact section ………………………………………………Equation 4-11

If ep < s  ey then Ze = Z + [(ey - s)/ (ey - ep)] x (Zc - Z) - non Compact Section …….Equation 4-12

If s > ey then it sis a slender section and Ze = Z (ey/s)………………………...…………………Equation 4-13


Or for the effective cross-section determined by omitting from each flat compression element the width in excess
of the width corresponding to sy.

For a section whose slenderness is determined by the value calculated fro a flat plate element with maximum
compression at the supported edge and zero stress or tension at the other edge and which satisfies s > ey the
effective section modulus Ze shall be calculated using Equation 4-14.
Ze = Z(ey/s)2 ……………………………………………………...………………………..…..Equation 4-14

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