The Computer as an

Learning Objectives:

After going through this lesson you would be able to:

• explain basic organization of computer system
• explain different types of input and output devices
• define Software and its classification
• distinguish between system software and application software
• describe computer language and its classification
History of the Computer
 Types of Computer

General Purpose Special Purpose

Specialized Computer
Computer Computer

what most people think of embedded in almost all like a general-purpose

when thinking about a electronic devices and is the computer but is designed only
computer most widely-used computer to perform one or a few
different tasks
 Classification of Computers by Size

Supercomputers Mainframes Servers

Supercomputers
Mainframe Computers
Server Computers
 Types of Computers

Tablets
Desktop

Laptops
Types of Personal Computers

Desktop
Computer
Types of Personal Computers

Laptop Computer
Types of Personal Computers

Tablet Computer
 Other Types of Computers

Smartphones Smartwatches

Game
Consoles Smart TV
Other Types of Computers
Other Types of Computers
Other Types of Computers
 Characteristics of a Computer
Speed
Versatility

Accuracy

Storage Capacity
Reliability
Advantages of Using Computer
Computers can do the
same task repetitively
with same accuracy.

Computers do not get

tired or bored.

Computers can take up

routine tasks while
releasing human
resource for more
intelligent functions.
Disadvantages of Using Computer

Computers have no
intelligence; they follow
the instructions blindly
without considering the
outcome.

Regular electric supply is

necessary to make
computers work, which
could prove difficult
everywhere especially in
developing nations.
 The Computer Organization
1. Input: this is the process of entering data and programs into the
computer system
2. Control Unit (CU): The process of input, output, processing and storage
is performed under the supervision of a unit called 'Control Unit'. It
decides when to start receiving data, when to stop it, where to store data,
etc. It takes care of step-by-step processing of all operations inside the
computer.
3. Memory Unit: Computer is used to store data and instructions.
4. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): The major operations performed by the
ALU are addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, logic and
comparison.
5. Output: This is the process of producing results from the data for getting
useful information.
 The Computer System
A computer system is a
"complete" computer that
includes the hardware, operating
system (main software), and
peripheral equipment needed
and used for "full" operation.
The Computer
System
 Hardware

• Any part of your computer that has a physical structure,

such as the keyboard or mouse.
• It is the physical components that a computer system
requires to function.
• It encompasses everything with a circuit board that
operates within a PC or laptop; including the
motherboard, graphics card, CPU (Central Processing
Unit), ventilation fans, webcam, power supply, and so on.
 HARDWARE

External Hardware Internal Hardware

Input Output
 External Hardware

• External hardware components are also called peripheral

components.
• These are items that are often externally connected to the
computer to control either input or output functions.
• These hardware devices are designed to either provide
instructions to the software (input) or render results from its
execution (output).
 Internal Hardware

• Internal components collectively process or

store the instructions delivered by the
program or operating system (OS)
 Software

• Any set of instructions that tells the hardware what to do

and how to do it.
• It is a set of programs, which is designed to perform a
well-defined function.
• A program is a sequence of instructions written to solve
a particular problem.
• There are three types of software − System Software,
Application Software, and Utility Software.
 SOFTWARE

System Application Utility

Software Software Software

Operating
System

Device
Drivers
 System Software

• A collection of programs designed to operate, control,

and extend the processing capabilities of the computer
itself.
• These generally prepared by the computer
manufacturers.
 System Software
• Operating system – a system software that is
responsible for functioning of all hardware parts and
their interoperability to carry out tasks successfully.
• Device Drivers – a system software that controls and
monitors functioning of a specific device on computer.
 Application Software

• A software that performs a single task and nothing else.

• Application software are very specialized in their
function and approach to solving a problem.
• Here are some commonly used application software:
word processing, spreadsheet, presentation, database
management, and multimedia tools.
 Utility Software
• An application software that assist system software in
doing their work.
• Utility software is actually a cross between system
software and application software.
• Examples of utility software include: antivirus software,
disk management tools, file management tools,
compression tools, and backup tools.
 Peripheral Devices
• These are devices that are connected to the computer
externally.
• These devices are used for performing some specific
functions.
• There are two kinds of peripheral devices: input and
output.
• Information systems (IS) is the study of complementary networks of
hardware and software that people and organizations use to collect,
filter, process, create, and distribute data.
• An information system is a combination of software, hardware, and
telecommunication networks to collect useful data, especially in an
organisation. Many businesses use information technology to complete
and manage their operations, interact with their consumers, and stay
ahead of their competition.
1. Hardware – This is the physical component of the technology.
2. Software – Software can be of two types, system software and
application software.
3. Data – Data is a collection of facts and is useless by themselves, but
when collected and organized together, it can be very powerful for
business operations.
4. Telecommunications – It is used to connect with the computer
system or other devices to disseminate information. The network can
be established using wired or wireless modes.
• A computer information system is a
system that is composed of people and
computers that processes or interprets
information.
• The term is also sometimes used to
simply refer to a computer system with
software installed.
• Necessary for businesses to • Expensive
grow • Reduction in jobs
• Better data storage and • Security breaches
access
• Better decision making
• Reduced risk of errors
 Thanks!
Does anyone have any
questions?

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