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Chapter 1 Real Numbers

Chapter 1 covers the Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic, defining prime and composite numbers, and explaining the concepts of HCF (Highest Common Factor) and LCM (Least Common Multiple). It includes methods for calculating HCF and LCM through prime factorization, along with various practice questions to reinforce understanding. The chapter emphasizes the uniqueness of prime factorization and provides real-world applications of these concepts.

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2 views

Chapter 1 Real Numbers

Chapter 1 covers the Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic, defining prime and composite numbers, and explaining the concepts of HCF (Highest Common Factor) and LCM (Least Common Multiple). It includes methods for calculating HCF and LCM through prime factorization, along with various practice questions to reinforce understanding. The chapter emphasizes the uniqueness of prime factorization and provides real-world applications of these concepts.

Uploaded by

Pranita C
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 1 Real Numbers

IMPORTANT FORMULAS & CONCEPTS

The Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic


Every composite number can be expressed (factorized) as a product of primes, and this
factorization is unique, apart from the order in which the prime factors occur.
Prime and Composite numbers
A prime number is a number which has only two factors i.e. one and itself whereas the
composite number is a number which has more than two factors.
HCF and LCM of numbers
 HCF is the highest common factor also known as GCD i.e. greatest common divisor.
 LCM of two numbers is their least common multiple.
 Property of HCF and LCM of two positive integers ‘a’ and ‘b’
HCF (a, b)LCM (a, b) = a b
HCF and LCM by Prime factorization method
 HCF (a, b) = Product of the smallest power of each common prime factor in the
numbers.
 LCM (a, b) = Product of the greatest power of each prime factor, involved in the
numbers.
Practice Questions
1. Express 98 as a product of its primes
2. If the LCM of ‘a’ and 18 is 36 and the HCF of ‘a’ and 18 is 2, then a =?
3. If HCF (16, y) = 8 and LCM (16, y) = 48, then the value of y is
4. If HCF (26, 169) = 13, then LCM (26, 169) is
5. If two positive integers a and b are written as a = p3q2 and b = pq3; p, q are prime
numbers, then HCF (a, b) is:
6. If two positive integers a, b are written as a = xy2 and b = x3y, where x, y are prime
numbers, then find
LCM (a, b).
7. Explain why 3 × 5 × 7 + 7 is a composite number.
8. Show that 12n cannot end with the digit 0 or 5 for any natural number n.
9. Prove that 7 + √5 is irrational.
10. Find the largest number which divides 245 and 1029 leaving remainder 5 in each
case.
11. There is a circular path around a sports field. Sana takes 18 minutes to drive one
round of the field, while Rahim takes 12 minutes for the same. Suppose they both
start at the same point and at the same time, and go in the same direction. After how
many minutes will they meet again at the starting point?
12. A shopkeeper has 120 litres of petrol, 180 litres of diesel and 240 litres of kerosene.
He wants to sell oil by filling the three kinds of oils in tins of equal capacity. What
should be the greatest capacity of such a tin?
13. 144 cartons of coke cans and 90 cartons of Pepsi cans are to be stacked in a canteen.
If each stack is of the same height and is to contain cartons of the same drink, what
would be the greatest number of cartons each stack would have?
14. The length, breadth and height of a room are 825 cm, 675 cm and 450 cm
respectively. Find the longest tape which can measure the three dimensions of the
15 room exactly.
15. When the marbles in a bag are divided evenly between two friends, there is one
marble left over. When the same marbles are divided evenly among three friends,
there is one marble left over .When the marbles are divided evenly among five
friends, there is one marble left over.

i) What is the least possible number of marbles in the bag?


ii) What is another possible number of marbles in the bag?
16. A charitable trust donates 28 different books of Maths, 16 different books of science
and 12 different books of Social Science to the poor students. Each student is given
maximum number of books of only one subject of his interest and each student got
equal number of books
i) Find the number of books each student got.
ii) Find the total number of students who got books.

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